메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 10, 2010, Pages 3186-3199

The biochemical basis of Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa reductase inhibitors as neuroprotective agents in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Author keywords

Aneurysm; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors; Neuroprotective agent; Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Indexed keywords

ALTEPLASE; ATORVASTATIN; DISODIUM 2,4 DISULFOPHENYL N TERT BUTYLNITRONE; FLUINDOSTATIN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; MEVINOLIN; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENT; NIMODIPINE; NYX 059; PLACEBO; PRAVASTATIN; ROSUVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 78650103811     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14248247     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ph3103186     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (6)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 34248524672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: The emerging revolution
    • Macdonald, R.L.; Pluta, R.M.; Zhang, J.H. Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: The emerging revolution. Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol. 2007, 3, 256-263.
    • (2007) Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol. , vol.3 , pp. 256-263
    • Macdonald, R.L.1    Pluta, R.M.2    Zhang, J.H.3
  • 2
    • 43049103499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Wong G.K.; Ng, R.Y.; Poon, W.S. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surg. Pract. 2008, 12, 51-55.
    • (2008) Surg. Pract. , vol.12 , pp. 51-55
    • Wong, G.K.1    Ng, R.Y.2    Poon, W.S.3
  • 4
    • 70949095305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical study on cognitive dysfunction after spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage: Patient profiles and relationship to cholinergic dysfunction
    • Wong, G.K.; Wong, R.; Mok, V.C.; Fan, D.S.; Leung, G.; Wong, A.; Chan, A.S.; Zhu, C.X.; Poon, W.S. Clinical study on cognitive dysfunction after spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage: Patient profiles and relationship to cholinergic dysfunction. Acta Neurochir. (Wien) 2009, 151, 1601-1607.
    • (2009) Acta Neurochir. (Wien) , vol.151 , pp. 1601-1607
    • Wong, G.K.1    Wong, R.2    Mok, V.C.3    Fan, D.S.4    Leung, G.5    Wong, A.6    Chan, A.S.7    Zhu, C.X.8    Poon, W.S.9
  • 7
    • 11044230424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed cerebral ischemia and nitric oxide: Review, new hypothesis, and proposed treatment
    • Pluta, R. Delayed cerebral ischemia and nitric oxide: Review, new hypothesis, and proposed treatment. Pharmacol. Ther. 2005, 105, 23-56.
    • (2005) Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.105 , pp. 23-56
    • Pluta, R.1
  • 8
    • 0027384629 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the cerebrovascular effects of endothelin-1 and nicardipine after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Alabadi, J.A.; Salom, J.; Torregrosa, G.; Miranda, F.J.; Jover, T.; Alborch, E. Changes in the cerebrovascular effects of endothelin-1 and nicardipine after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 1993, 33, 707-714.
    • (1993) Neurosurgery , vol.33 , pp. 707-714
    • Alabadi, J.A.1    Salom, J.2    Torregrosa, G.3    Miranda, F.J.4    Jover, T.5    Alborch, E.6
  • 9
    • 15744398254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling mechanisms in cerebral vasospasm
    • Nishizawa, S.; Laher, I. Signaling mechanisms in cerebral vasospasm. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 2005, 15, 24-34.
    • (2005) Trends Cardiovasc. Med. , vol.15 , pp. 24-34
    • Nishizawa, S.1    Laher, I.2
  • 10
    • 14844345017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of R-type Ca2+ channel (CaV 2.3) contributes to cerebral artery constriction after subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Ishiguro, M.; Wellman, T.L.; Honda, A.; Russell, S.R.; Tranmer, B.I.; Wellman, G.C. Emergence of R-type Ca2+ channel (CaV 2.3) contributes to cerebral artery constriction after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Circ. Res. 2005, 96, 419-426.
    • (2005) Circ. Res. , vol.96 , pp. 419-426
    • Ishiguro, M.1    Wellman, T.L.2    Honda, A.3    Russell, S.R.4    Tranmer, B.I.5    Wellman, G.C.6
  • 14
    • 2442557294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain cholesterol: Long secret life behind a barrier
    • Bjorkhem, I.; Meaney, S. Brain cholesterol: Long secret life behind a barrier. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2004, 24, 806-815.
    • (2004) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. , vol.24 , pp. 806-815
    • Bjorkhem, I.1    Meaney, S.2
  • 15
    • 0031848338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol homeostasis in human brain: Turnover of 24S-hydroxycholesterol and evidence for a cerebral origin of most of this oxysterol in the circulation
    • Bjorkhem, I.; Lutjohann, D.; Diczfalusy, U.; Stahle, L.; Ahlborg, G.; Wahren, J. Cholesterol homeostasis in human brain: Turnover of 24S-hydroxycholesterol and evidence for a cerebral origin of most of this oxysterol in the circulation. J. Lipid Res. 1998, 39, 1594-1600.
    • (1998) J. Lipid Res. , vol.39 , pp. 1594-1600
    • Bjorkhem, I.1    Lutjohann, D.2    Diczfalusy, U.3    Stahle, L.4    Ahlborg, G.5    Wahren, J.6
  • 16
    • 0028281788 scopus 로고
    • In vivo and in vitro blood-brain barrier transport of 3- hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors
    • Saheki, A.; Terasaki, T.; Tamai, I.; Tsuji, A. In vivo and in vitro blood-brain barrier transport of 3- hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors. Pharm. Res. 1994, 11, 305-311.
    • (1994) Pharm. Res. , vol.11 , pp. 305-311
    • Saheki, A.1    Terasaki, T.2    Tamai, I.3    Tsuji, A.4
  • 17
    • 77955176820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of osteopontin-induced stabilization of blood-brain barrier disruption after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats
    • Suzuki, H.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kanamaru, K.; Zhang, J.H. Mechanisms of osteopontin-induced stabilization of blood-brain barrier disruption after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Stroke 2010, 41, 1783-1790.
    • (2010) Stroke , vol.41 , pp. 1783-1790
    • Suzuki, H.1    Hasegawa, Y.2    Kanamaru, K.3    Zhang, J.H.4
  • 18
    • 74049099000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of statin treatment on vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia, and functional outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A systemic review and meta-analysis update
    • Vergouwen, M.D.; de Haan, R.J.; Vermeulen, M.; Roos, Y.B. Effect of statin treatment on vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia, and functional outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systemic review and meta-analysis update. Stroke 2010, 41, e47-e52.
    • (2010) Stroke , vol.41
    • Vergouwen, M.D.1    de Haan, R.J.2    Vermeulen, M.3    Roos, Y.B.4
  • 19
    • 77953613257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins in the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A systemic review and meta-analysis
    • Kramer, A.H.; Fletcher, J.J. Statins in the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Neurocritical. Care 2010, 12, 285-296.
    • (2010) Neurocritical. Care , vol.12 , pp. 285-296
    • Kramer, A.H.1    Fletcher, J.J.2
  • 20
    • 23244432198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of acute treatment with pravastatin on cerebral vasospasm, autoregulation, and delayed ischemic deficits after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A phase II randomised placebo-controlled trial
    • Tseng, M.Y.; Czosnyka, M.; Richards, H.; Pickard, J.D.; Kirkpatrick, P.J. Effects of acute treatment with pravastatin on cerebral vasospasm, autoregulation, and delayed ischemic deficits after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A phase II randomised placebo-controlled trial. Stroke 2005, 36, 1627-1632.
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , pp. 1627-1632
    • Tseng, M.Y.1    Czosnyka, M.2    Richards, H.3    Pickard, J.D.4    Kirkpatrick, P.J.5
  • 21
    • 34247622293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of acute pravastatin on intensity of rescue therapy, length of inpatient stay and 6-month outcome in patients after subarachnoid haemorrhage
    • Tseng, M.Y.; Hutchison, P.J.; Czosnyka, M.; Richards, H.; Pickard, J.D.; Kirkpatrick, P.J. Effects of acute pravastatin on intensity of rescue therapy, length of inpatient stay and 6-month outcome in patients after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Stroke 2007, 38, 1545-1550.
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , pp. 1545-1550
    • Tseng, M.Y.1    Hutchison, P.J.2    Czosnyka, M.3    Richards, H.4    Pickard, J.D.5    Kirkpatrick, P.J.6
  • 24
    • 0032555154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke protection by 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase
    • Endres, M.; Laufs, U.; Huang, Z.; Nakamura, P.; Moskowitz, M.A.; Liao, J.K. Stroke protection by 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1998, 95, 8880-8885.
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 8880-8885
    • Endres, M.1    Laufs, U.2    Huang, Z.3    Nakamura, P.4    Moskowitz, M.A.5    Liao, J.K.6
  • 25
    • 27644468991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pleotropic effects of statins
    • Calabro, P.; Yeh, E.T. The pleotropic effects of statins. Curr. Opin. Cardiol. 2005, 20, 541-546.
    • (2005) Curr. Opin. Cardiol. , vol.20 , pp. 541-546
    • Calabro, P.1    Yeh, E.T.2
  • 26
    • 33644694919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rho GTPase, statins, and nitric oxide
    • Rikitake, Y.; Liao, J.K. Rho GTPase, statins, and nitric oxide. Circ. Res. 2005, 97, 1232-1235.
    • (2005) Circ. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 1232-1235
    • Rikitake, Y.1    Liao, J.K.2
  • 27
    • 0033826581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin activates the protein kinase Akt and promotes angiogenesis in normocholesterolemic animals
    • Kureishi, Y.; Luo, Z.; Shiojima, I.; Bialik, A.; Fulton, D.; Lefer, D.J.; Sessa, W.C.; Walsh, K. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin activates the protein kinase Akt and promotes angiogenesis in normocholesterolemic animals. Nat. Med. 2000, 6, 1004-1010.
    • (2000) Nat. Med. , vol.6 , pp. 1004-1010
    • Kureishi, Y.1    Luo, Z.2    Shiojima, I.3    Bialik, A.4    Fulton, D.5    Lefer, D.J.6    Sessa, W.C.7    Walsh, K.8
  • 28
    • 33644849561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of statins: From event prevention to neuroprotection
    • Amarenco, P.; Moskowitz, M.A. The dynamics of statins: From event prevention to neuroprotection. Stroke 2006, 37, 294-296.
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , pp. 294-296
    • Amarenco, P.1    Moskowitz, M.A.2
  • 29
    • 0346736491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors, atorstatin and simvastatin, on the expression of endothelin-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthetase in vascular endothelial cells
    • Hernandez-Perera, O.; Perez-Sala, D; Navarro-Antolin, J.; Sanchez-Pascuala, R.; Hernandez, G.; Diaz, C.; Lamas, S. Effects of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors, atorstatin and simvastatin, on the expression of endothelin-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthetase in vascular endothelial cells. J. Clin. Invest. 1998, 101, 2711-2719.
    • (1998) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.101 , pp. 2711-2719
    • Hernandez-Perera, O.1    Perez-Sala, D.2    Navarro-Antolin, J.3    Sanchez-Pascuala, R.4    Hernandez, G.5    Diaz, C.6    Lamas, S.7
  • 30
    • 17344385356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of statins in mRNA levels of genes related to inflammation, coagulation, and vascular constriction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
    • Morikawa, S.; Takabe, W.; Mataki, C.; Kanke, T.; Itoh, T.; Wada, Y.; Izumi, A.; Saito, Y.; Hamakubo, T.; Kodama, T. The effect of statins in mRNA levels of genes related to inflammation, coagulation, and vascular constriction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Atheroscler. Thromb. 2002, 9, 178-183.
    • (2002) Atheroscler. Thromb. , vol.9 , pp. 178-183
    • Morikawa, S.1    Takabe, W.2    Mataki, C.3    Kanke, T.4    Itoh, T.5    Wada, Y.6    Izumi, A.7    Saito, Y.8    Hamakubo, T.9    Kodama, T.10
  • 31
    • 34548530600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term administration of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, on stroke events and local cerebral blood flow in stroke-prone spontaneous hypertensive rats
    • Tanaka, N.; Katayama, Y.; Katsumata, T.; Otori, T.; Nishiyama, Y. Effects of long-term administration of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, on stroke events and local cerebral blood flow in stroke-prone spontaneous hypertensive rats. Brain Res. 2007, 1169, 125-132.
    • (2007) Brain Res. , vol.1169 , pp. 125-132
    • Tanaka, N.1    Katayama, Y.2    Katsumata, T.3    Otori, T.4    Nishiyama, Y.5
  • 33
    • 60049096120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis of endoplasmic reticulum stress response after global forebrain ischemia/reperfusion in rats: Effect of neuroprotectant simvastatin
    • Urban, P.; Pavlikova, M.; Sivonova, M.; Kaplan, P.; Tatarkova, Z.; Kaminska, B.; Lehotsky, J. Molecular analysis of endoplasmic reticulum stress response after global forebrain ischemia/reperfusion in rats: Effect of neuroprotectant simvastatin. Cell Mol. Neurobiol. 2009, 29, 181-192.
    • (2009) Cell Mol. Neurobiol. , vol.29 , pp. 181-192
    • Urban, P.1    Pavlikova, M.2    Sivonova, M.3    Kaplan, P.4    Tatarkova, Z.5    Kaminska, B.6    Lehotsky, J.7
  • 34
    • 14744282749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved posthypoxic recovery in vitro on treatment with drugs used for secondary stroke prevention
    • Huber, R.; Riepe, M.W. Improved posthypoxic recovery in vitro on treatment with drugs used for secondary stroke prevention. Neuropharmacology 2005, 48, 558-565.
    • (2005) Neuropharmacology , vol.48 , pp. 558-565
    • Huber, R.1    Riepe, M.W.2
  • 35
    • 4544345574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pitavastatin, A 3-hydroxy- 3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, reduces hippocampal damage after transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils
    • Kumagai, R.; Oki, C.; Muramatsu, Y.; Kurosaki, R.; Kato, H.; Araki, T. Pitavastatin, a 3-hydroxy- 3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, reduces hippocampal damage after transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils. J. Neural. Transm. 2004, 111, 1103-1120.
    • (2004) J. Neural. Transm. , vol.111 , pp. 1103-1120
    • Kumagai, R.1    Oki, C.2    Muramatsu, Y.3    Kurosaki, R.4    Kato, H.5    Araki, T.6
  • 36
    • 33644946838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin prevents oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced death of cortical neurons by reducing the production and toxicity of 4-hydroxy-2E-nonenal
    • Lim, J.H.; Lee, J.C.; Lee, Y.H.; Choi, I.Y.; Oh, Y.K.; Kim, H.S.; Park, J.S.; Kim, W.K. Simvastatin prevents oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced death of cortical neurons by reducing the production and toxicity of 4-hydroxy-2E-nonenal. J. Neurochem. 2006, 97, 140-150.
    • (2006) J. Neurochem. , vol.97 , pp. 140-150
    • Lim, J.H.1    Lee, J.C.2    Lee, Y.H.3    Choi, I.Y.4    Oh, Y.K.5    Kim, H.S.6    Park, J.S.7    Kim, W.K.8
  • 37
    • 3242772924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-sensitivity C-reactive protein: Clinical importance
    • Bassuk, S.S.; Rifai, N.; Ridker, P.M. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein: Clinical importance. Curr. Probl. Cardiol. 2004, 29, 439-493.
    • (2004) Curr. Probl. Cardiol. , vol.29 , pp. 439-493
    • Bassuk, S.S.1    Rifai, N.2    Ridker, P.M.3
  • 38
    • 31344443020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Justification for the use of statins in primary prevention: An intervention trial evaluating rosuvastatin (JUPITER)- Can C-reactive protein be used to target statin therapy in primary prevention?
    • Mora, S.; Ridker, P.M. Justification for the use of statins in primary prevention: An intervention trial evaluating rosuvastatin (JUPITER)- Can C-reactive protein be used to target statin therapy in primary prevention? Am. J. Cardiol. 2006, 97, 33A-41A.
    • (2006) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.97
    • Mora, S.1    Ridker, P.M.2
  • 39
    • 0035901619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitor therapy on high sensitive C-reactive protein levels
    • Jialal, I.; Stein, D.; Balis, D.; Grundy, S.M.; Adams-Huet, B.; Devaraj, S. Effect of hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitor therapy on high sensitive C-reactive protein levels. Circulation 2001, 103, 1933-1935.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , pp. 1933-1935
    • Jialal, I.1    Stein, D.2    Balis, D.3    Grundy, S.M.4    Adams-Huet, B.5    Devaraj, S.6
  • 40
    • 0037126043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin lowers C-reactive protein within 14 days: An effect independent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction
    • Plenge, J.K.; Hernandez, T.L.; Weil, K.M.; Poirer, P.; Grunwald, G.K.; Marcovina, S.M.; Eckel, R.H. Simvastatin lowers C-reactive protein within 14 days: An effect independent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction. Circulation 2002, 106, 1447-1452.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 1447-1452
    • Plenge, J.K.1    Hernandez, T.L.2    Weil, K.M.3    Poirer, P.4    Grunwald, G.K.5    Marcovina, S.M.6    Eckel, R.H.7
  • 41
    • 0035806626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of statin therapy on C-reactive protein levels: The pravastatin inflammation/CRP evaluation (PRINCE): A randomized trial and cohort study
    • Albert, M.A.; Danielson, E.; Rifai, N.; Ridker, P.M.; PRINCE Investigators. Effect of statin therapy on C-reactive protein levels: the pravastatin inflammation/CRP evaluation (PRINCE): A randomized trial and cohort study. JAMA 2001, 286, 64-70.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.286 , pp. 64-70
    • Albert, M.A.1    Danielson, E.2    Rifai, N.3    Ridker, P.M.4
  • 42
    • 0036890370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential hs-CRP reduction in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia treated with aggressive or conventional statin therapy
    • van Wissen, S.; Trip, M.D.; Smilde, T.J.; de Graaf, J.; Stalenhoef, A.F.; Kastelein, J.J. Differential hs-CRP reduction in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia treated with aggressive or conventional statin therapy. Atherosclerosis 2002, 165, 361-366.
    • (2002) Atherosclerosis , vol.165 , pp. 361-366
    • van Wissen, S.1    Trip, M.D.2    Smilde, T.J.3    de Graaf, J.4    Stalenhoef, A.F.5    Kastelein, J.J.6
  • 43
    • 58349116856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CAP investigators. Comparative effects of 10-mg versus 80-mg Atorvastatin on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in patients with stable coronary artery disease: Results of the CAP (Comparative Atorvastatin Pleiotropic effect) study
    • Bonnet, J.; McPherson, R.; Tedgui, A.; Simoneau, D.; Nozza, A.; Martineau, P.; Davignon, J.; CAP investigators. Comparative effects of 10-mg versus 80-mg Atorvastatin on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in patients with stable coronary artery disease: results of the CAP (Comparative Atorvastatin Pleiotropic effect) study. Clin. Ther. 2008, 30, 2298-2313.
    • (2008) Clin. Ther. , vol.30 , pp. 2298-2313
    • Bonnet, J.1    McPherson, R.2    Tedgui, A.3    Simoneau, D.4    Nozza, A.5    Martineau, P.6    Davignon, J.7
  • 44
    • 0028080736 scopus 로고
    • Pravastatin inhibits cellular cholesterol synthesis and increases low density lipoprotein receptor activity in marcophages: In vitro and in vivo studies
    • Keidar, S.; Aviram, M.; Maor, I.; Oiknine, J.; Brook, G. Pravastatin inhibits cellular cholesterol synthesis and increases low density lipoprotein receptor activity in marcophages: In vitro and in vivo studies. Br. J. Clin. Pharmac. 1994, 38, 513-519.
    • (1994) Br. J. Clin. Pharmac. , vol.38 , pp. 513-519
    • Keidar, S.1    Aviram, M.2    Maor, I.3    Oiknine, J.4    Brook, G.5
  • 45
    • 0030838319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors decrease CD11b expression and CD11b-dependent adhesion of monocytes to endothelium and reduce increased adhesiveness of monocytes isolated from patients with hypercholesterolemia
    • Weber, C.; Erl, W.; Weber, K.S.; Weber, P.C. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors decrease CD11b expression and CD11b-dependent adhesion of monocytes to endothelium and reduce increased adhesiveness of monocytes isolated from patients with hypercholesterolemia. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1997, 30, 1212-1217.
    • (1997) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.30 , pp. 1212-1217
    • Weber, C.1    Erl, W.2    Weber, K.S.3    Weber, P.C.4
  • 46
    • 0010214650 scopus 로고
    • Postischemic administration of an anti-Mac-1 antibody reduces ischemic cell damage after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats
    • Chopp, M.; Zhang, R.L.; Chen, H.; Li, Y.; Jiang, N.; Rusche, J.R. Postischemic administration of an anti-Mac-1 antibody reduces ischemic cell damage after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Stroke 1994, 25, 869-876.
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , pp. 869-876
    • Chopp, M.1    Zhang, R.L.2    Chen, H.3    Li, Y.4    Jiang, N.5    Rusche, J.R.6
  • 47
    • 0030886472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fluvastatin on leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion in hypercholesterolemic rats
    • Kimura, M.; Kurose, I.; Russell, J.; Granger, D.N. Effects of fluvastatin on leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion in hypercholesterolemic rats. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1997, 17, 1521-1526.
    • (1997) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 1521-1526
    • Kimura, M.1    Kurose, I.2    Russell, J.3    Granger, D.N.4
  • 48
    • 0027158812 scopus 로고
    • Oxidized LDL-induced leukocyte/endothelial interaction in vivo involves the receptor for platelet activating factor
    • Lehr, H.A.; Seemuller, J.; Hubner, C.; Menger, M.D.; Messmer, K. Oxidized LDL-induced leukocyte/endothelial interaction in vivo involves the receptor for platelet activating factor. Arterioscler. Thromb. 1993, 13, 1013-1018.
    • (1993) Arterioscler. Thromb. , vol.13 , pp. 1013-1018
    • Lehr, H.A.1    Seemuller, J.2    Hubner, C.3    Menger, M.D.4    Messmer, K.5
  • 49
    • 0031955801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokines and cell adhesion molecules in cerebral ischemia: Experimental bases and therapeutic perspectives
    • Pantoni, L.; Sarti, C.; Inzitari, D. Cytokines and cell adhesion molecules in cerebral ischemia: Experimental bases and therapeutic perspectives. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1998, 18, 503-513.
    • (1998) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. , vol.18 , pp. 503-513
    • Pantoni, L.1    Sarti, C.2    Inzitari, D.3
  • 50
    • 3042688440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HMGCoA reductase inhibitor, Atorvastatin, promotes sensorimotor recovery, suppressing acute inflammatory reaction after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage
    • Jung, K.H.; Chu, K.; Jeong, S.W.; Han, S.Y.; Lee, S.T.; Kim, J.Y.; Kim, M.; Roh, J.K. HMGCoA reductase inhibitor, Atorvastatin, promotes sensorimotor recovery, suppressing acute inflammatory reaction after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 2004, 35, 1744-1749.
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , pp. 1744-1749
    • Jung, K.H.1    Chu, K.2    Jeong, S.W.3    Han, S.Y.4    Lee, S.T.5    Kim, J.Y.6    Kim, M.7    Roh, J.K.8
  • 52
    • 0042122374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic but not delayed administration of simvastatin protects against long-lasting cognitive and morphological consequences of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, reduces interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA induction, and does not affect endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression
    • Balduini, W.; Mazzoni, E.; Carloni, S.; de Simoni, M.G.; Perego, C.; Sironi, L.; Cimino, M. Prophylactic but not delayed administration of simvastatin protects against long-lasting cognitive and morphological consequences of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, reduces interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA induction, and does not affect endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression. Stroke 2003, 34, 2007-2012.
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , pp. 2007-2012
    • Balduini, W.1    Mazzoni, E.2    Carloni, S.3    de Simoni, M.G.4    Perego, C.5    Sironi, L.6    Cimino, M.7
  • 53
    • 0029888311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of oxidants in ischemic brain damage
    • Chan, P.H. Role of oxidants in ischemic brain damage. Stroke 1996, 27, 1124-1129.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , pp. 1124-1129
    • Chan, P.H.1
  • 54
    • 0032826065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective properties of statins in cerebral ischemia and stroke
    • Vaughan, C.; Delanty, N. Neuroprotective properties of statins in cerebral ischemia and stroke. Stroke 1999, 30, 1969-1973.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , pp. 1969-1973
    • Vaughan, C.1    Delanty, N.2
  • 55
    • 0031050342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to lipid peroxidation after fluvastatin therapy is associated with the hypocholesterolemic effects of the drug and its binding to LDL
    • Hussein, O.; Schlezinger, S.A.; Rosenblat, M.; Keidar, S.; Aviram, M. Reduced susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to lipid peroxidation after fluvastatin therapy is associated with the hypocholesterolemic effects of the drug and its binding to LDL. Atherosclerosis 1997, 128, 11-18.
    • (1997) Atherosclerosis , vol.128 , pp. 11-18
    • Hussein, O.1    Schlezinger, S.A.2    Rosenblat, M.3    Keidar, S.4    Aviram, M.5
  • 56
    • 0030752323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preservation of endogenous antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation as common mechanisms of antiatherosclerotic effects of vitamin E, lovastatin and amlodipine
    • Chen, L.; Haught, W.H.; Yang, B.; Saldeen, T.G.; Parthasarathy, S.; Mehta, J.L. Preservation of endogenous antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation as common mechanisms of antiatherosclerotic effects of vitamin E, lovastatin and amlodipine. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1997, 30, 569-575.
    • (1997) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.30 , pp. 569-575
    • Chen, L.1    Haught, W.H.2    Yang, B.3    Saldeen, T.G.4    Parthasarathy, S.5    Mehta, J.L.6
  • 57
    • 0032103277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atorvastatin and gemfibrozil metabolites, but not the parent drugs, are potent antioxidants against lipoprotein oxidation
    • Aviram, M.; Rosenblat, M.; Bisgaier, C.L.; Newton, R.S. Atorvastatin and gemfibrozil metabolites, but not the parent drugs, are potent antioxidants against lipoprotein oxidation. Atherosclerosis 1998, 138, 271-280.
    • (1998) Atherosclerosis , vol.138 , pp. 271-280
    • Aviram, M.1    Rosenblat, M.2    Bisgaier, C.L.3    Newton, R.S.4
  • 59
    • 0027492038 scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin inhibits the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins by activated human monocyte-derived marcophages
    • Giroux, L.M.; Davignon, J.; Naruszewicz, M. Simvastatin inhibits the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins by activated human monocyte-derived marcophages. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1993, 1165, 335-338.
    • (1993) Biochem. Biophys. Acta , vol.1165 , pp. 335-338
    • Giroux, L.M.1    Davignon, J.2    Naruszewicz, M.3
  • 60
    • 0035569562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors improve endothelial dysfunction in normocholesterolemic hypertension via reduced production of reactive oxygen species
    • Wassmann, S.; Laufs, U.; Baumer, A.T.; Muller, K.; Ahlbory, K.; Linz, W.; Rosen, R.; Bohm, M.; Nickenig, G. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors improve endothelial dysfunction in normocholesterolemic hypertension via reduced production of reactive oxygen species. Hypertension 2001, 37, 1450-1457.
    • (2001) Hypertension , vol.37 , pp. 1450-1457
    • Wassmann, S.1    Laufs, U.2    Baumer, A.T.3    Muller, K.4    Ahlbory, K.5    Linz, W.6    Rosen, R.7    Bohm, M.8    Nickenig, G.9
  • 62
    • 0032819745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of platelet activity markers in type II hypercholesterolemic patients by a HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitor
    • Huhle, G.; Abletshauser, C.; Mayer, N.; Weidinger, G.; Harenberg, J.; Heene, D.L. Reduction of platelet activity markers in type II hypercholesterolemic patients by a HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitor. Thromb. Res. 1999, 95, 229-234.
    • (1999) Thromb. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 229-234
    • Huhle, G.1    Abletshauser, C.2    Mayer, N.3    Weidinger, G.4    Harenberg, J.5    Heene, D.L.6
  • 63
    • 17344372699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of fosinopirl and pravastatin decreases platelet response to thrombin receptor agonist in monkeys
    • Hale, L.P.; Craver, K.T.; Berrier, A.M.; Sheffield, M.V.; Case, L.D.; Owen, J. Combination of fosinopirl and pravastatin decreases platelet response to thrombin receptor agonist in monkeys. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1998, 18, 1643-1646.
    • (1998) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. , vol.18 , pp. 1643-1646
    • Hale, L.P.1    Craver, K.T.2    Berrier, A.M.3    Sheffield, M.V.4    Case, L.D.5    Owen, J.6
  • 64
    • 0033800718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atorvastatin upregulates type III nitric oxide synthease in thrombocytes, decreases, platelet activation, and protects from cerebral ischemia in normocholesterolemic mice
    • Laufs, U.; Gertz, K.; Huang, P.; Nickenig, G.; Bohm, M.; Dirnagl, U.; Endres, M. Atorvastatin upregulates type III nitric oxide synthease in thrombocytes, decreases, platelet activation, and protects from cerebral ischemia in normocholesterolemic mice. Stroke 2000, 31, 2442-2449.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 2442-2449
    • Laufs, U.1    Gertz, K.2    Huang, P.3    Nickenig, G.4    Bohm, M.5    Dirnagl, U.6    Endres, M.7
  • 65
    • 0033038535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Platelet deposition on eroded vessel walls at a stenotic shear rate is inhibited by lipid-lowering treatment with atorvastatin
    • Alfon, J.; Royo, T.; Garcia-Moll, X.; Badimon, L. Platelet deposition on eroded vessel walls at a stenotic shear rate is inhibited by lipid-lowering treatment with atorvastatin. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1999, 19, 1812-1817.
    • (1999) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. , vol.19 , pp. 1812-1817
    • Alfon, J.1    Royo, T.2    Garcia-Moll, X.3    Badimon, L.4
  • 66
    • 0346749450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors protect cortical neurons from excitotoxicity
    • Zacco, A.; Togo, J.; Spence, K.; Ellis, A.; Lloyd, D.; Furlong, S.; Piser, T. 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors protect cortical neurons from excitotoxicity. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23, 11104-11111.
    • (2003) J. Neurosci. , vol.23 , pp. 11104-11111
    • Zacco, A.1    Togo, J.2    Spence, K.3    Ellis, A.4    Lloyd, D.5    Furlong, S.6    Piser, T.7
  • 68
    • 70949095305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical study on cognitive dysfunction after spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage: Patient profiles and relationship to cholinergic dysfunction
    • Wong, G.K.; Wong, R.; Mok, V.C.; Fan, D.S.; Leung, G.; Wong, A.; Chan, A.S.; Zhu, C.X.; Poon, W.S. Clinical study on cognitive dysfunction after spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage: Patient profiles and relationship to cholinergic dysfunction. Acta Neurochir. (Wien). 2009, 151, 1601-1607.
    • (2009) Acta Neurochir. (Wien). , vol.151 , pp. 1601-1607
    • Wong, G.K.1    Wong, R.2    Mok, V.C.3    Fan, D.S.4    Leung, G.5    Wong, A.6    Chan, A.S.7    Zhu, C.X.8    Poon, W.S.9
  • 69
    • 67649252917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of statins and incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia in a cohort study
    • Cramer, C.; Haan, M.N.; Galea, S.; Langa, K.M.; Kalbfleisch, J.D. Use of statins and incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia in a cohort study. Neurology 2008, 71, 344-350.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.71 , pp. 344-350
    • Cramer, C.1    Haan, M.N.2    Galea, S.3    Langa, K.M.4    Kalbfleisch, J.D.5
  • 70
    • 34547098112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins increase neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, reduce delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA3 region, and improve spatial learning in rat after traumatic brain injury
    • Lu, D.; Qu, C.; Goussev, A.; Jiang, H.; Lu, C.; Schallert, T.; Mahmood, A.; Chen, J.; Chopp, M. Statins increase neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, reduce delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA3 region, and improve spatial learning in rat after traumatic brain injury. J. Neurotrauma. 2007, 24, 1132-1146.
    • (2007) J. Neurotrauma. , vol.24 , pp. 1132-1146
    • Lu, D.1    Qu, C.2    Goussev, A.3    Jiang, H.4    Lu, C.5    Schallert, T.6    Mahmood, A.7    Chen, J.8    Chopp, M.9
  • 71
    • 62149115304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atorvastatin ameliorates cerebral vasospasm and early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage and inhibits capase-dependent apoptosis pathway
    • doi:10.1186/1471-2202-10-7
    • Gao, C.; Liu, W.; Sun, Z.D.; Zhao, S.G.; Liu, X.Z. Atorvastatin ameliorates cerebral vasospasm and early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage and inhibits capase-dependent apoptosis pathway. BMC Neurosci. 2009, 10, doi:10.1186/1471-2202-10-7.
    • (2009) BMC Neurosci. , vol.10
    • Gao, C.1    Liu, W.2    Sun, Z.D.3    Zhao, S.G.4    Liu, X.Z.5
  • 72
    • 10844282711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrone-related therapeutics: Potential of NXY-059 for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke
    • Maples, K.R.; Green, A.R.; Floyd, R.A. Nitrone-related therapeutics: Potential of NXY-059 for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. CNS Drugs. 2004, 18, 1071-1084.
    • (2004) CNS Drugs. , vol.18 , pp. 1071-1084
    • Maples, K.R.1    Green, A.R.2    Floyd, R.A.3
  • 73
    • 0042919342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional and histological evidence for the protective effect of NXY-059 in a primate model of stroke when given 4 hours after occlusion
    • Marshall, J.W.; Cummings, R.M.; Bowes, L.J.; Ridley, R.M.; Green, A.R. Functional and histological evidence for the protective effect of NXY-059 in a primate model of stroke when given 4 hours after occlusion. Stroke 2003, 34, 2228-2233.
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , pp. 2228-2233
    • Marshall, J.W.1    Cummings, R.M.2    Bowes, L.J.3    Ridley, R.M.4    Green, A.R.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.