Cholesterol homeostasis in human brain: Turnover of 24S- hydroxycholesterol and evidence for a cerebral origin of most of this oxysterol in the circulation

Journal of Lipid Research

Volumn 39, Issue 8, 1998, Pages 1594-1600

  Björkhem, Ingemar ^a   Lütjohann, Dieter ^a,b   Diczfalusy, Ulf ^a   Ståhle, Lars ^a   Ahlborg, Gunvor ^a   Wahren, John ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Brain cholesterol; Cytoehrome P 450; Isotope dilution mass spectrometry; Myelin

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; CHOLESTEROL DERIVATIVE; MYELIN;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAIN METABOLISM; CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM; CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; KIDNEY VEIN; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STEROL ANALYSIS;

ADULT; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; BRAIN; CHOLESTEROL; DEUTERIUM; HALF-LIFE; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMANS; HYDROXYCHOLESTEROLS; KIDNEY; KINETICS; LIVER; MALE; REFERENCE VALUES; SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION; STEROID HYDROXYLASES;

EID: 0031848338     PISSN: 00222275     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Lütjohann, D., O. Breuer, G. Ahlborg, I. Nennesmo, Å. Sidén, U. Diczfalusy, and I. Björkhem. 1996. Cholesterol homeostasis in human brain: evidence for an age-dependent flux of 24S-hydroxycholesterol from the brain into the circulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93: 9799-9804.
2. Spady, D. K., and J. M. Dietschy. 1983. Sterol synthesis in vivo in 18 tissues of the squirrel monkey, guinea pig, rabbit, hamster and rat. J. Lipid Res. 24: 303-315.
3. Björkhem, I., D. Lütjohann, O. Breuer, A. Sakinis, and Å. Wennmalm. 1997. Importance of a novel oxidative mechanism for elimination of brain cholesterol. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 30178-30184.
4. Lange, Y., J. Ye, and F. Strebel. 1995. Movement of 25-hydroxycholesterol from the plasma membrane to the rough endoplasmic reticulum in cultured hepatoma cells. J. Lipid Res. 36: 1092-1097.
5. Dhar, A. K., J. I. Teng, and L. L. Smith. 1973. Biosynthesis of cholest-5-ene-3β,24-diol (cerebrosterol) by bovine cerebral cortical microsomes. J. Neurochem. 21: 51-60.
6. Lin, Y., and L. L. Smith. 1974. Biosynthesis and accumulation of cholest-5-ene-3β,24-diol (cerebrosterol) in developing rat brain. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 348: 189-196.
7. Lund, E., I. Björkhem, C. Furster, and K. Wikvall. 1992. 24-, 25- and 27-Hydroxylation of cholesterol catalyzed by a purified preparation of 27-hydroxylase from pig liver. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1166: 177-182.
8. Dzeletovic, S., O. Breuer, E. Lund, and U. Diczfalusy. 1995. Determination of cholesterol oxidation products in human plasma by isotope dilution-mass spectrometry. Anal. Biochem. 225: 73-80.
9. Ahlborg, G., and A. Juhlin-Dannfelt. 1994. Effect of beta-receptor blockade on splanchnique and muscle metabolism during prolonged exercise in men. J. Appl. Physiol. 76: 1037-1042.
10. Rowland, M., and T. Tozer. 1989. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. Second Edition. Lea & Fabiger, Malvern, PA.
11. Kety, S. S., and C. F. Schmidt. 1948. The nitrous oxide method for the quantitative determination of cerebral blood flow in man: theory, procedure and normal values. J. Clin. Invest. 27: 476-483.
12. Pitas, R. E., J. K. Boyles, S. H. Lee, D. Foss, and R. W. Mahley. 1987. Astrocytes synthesize apolipoprotein E and metabolize apolipoprotein E containing lipoproteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 917: 148-161.
13. Snipes, G. J., and U. Suter. 1997. Cholesterol and myelin. Subcell. Biochem. 28: 173-204.
14. Serougne-Gautheron, C., and F. Chevallier. 1973. Time course of biosynthetic cholesterol in the adult rat brain. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 316: 244-250.
15. Andersson, M., P. G. Elmberger, C. Edlund, K. Kristensson, and G. Dallner. 1990. Rates of cholesterol, ubiquinone, dolichol and dolichol-P biosynthesis in rat brain slices. FEBS Lett. 269: 15-18.
16. Lund, E., O. Andersson, J. Zhang, A. Babiker, G. Ahlborg, U. Diczfalusy, K. Einarsson, J. Sjövall, and I. Björkhem. 1996. Importance of a novel oxidative mechanism for elimination of intracellular cholesterol in humans. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 16: 208-212.
17. Meng, L. J., W. J. Griffiths, H. Nazer, Y. Yang, and J. Sjövall. 1997. High levels of (24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol 3-sulfate, 24-glucuronide in the serum and urine of children with severe cholestatic liver. J. Lipid Res. 38: 926-934.
18. Björkhem, I. 1992. Mechanism of degradation of the steroid side-chain in the formation of bile acids (review). J. Lipid Res. 33: 455-471.
19. Gustafsson, J-Å., and J. Sjövall. 1969. Identification of 22-, 24-, and 26-hydroxycholesterol in the steroid sulfate fraction of faeces from infants. Eur. J. Biochem. 8: 467-472.
20. DeVries, H. 1995. Characteristics of blood-brain barrier endothelial cells in response to inflammatory stimuli. Thesis. Coostar Europe Ltd, Badhoevedorp, The Netherlands.
21. Babiker, A., and U. Diczfalusy. 1998. Transport of side-chain oxidized oxysterols in the human circulation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. In press.