Conundrum and therapeutic potential of curcumin in drug delivery

Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 279-312

  Kumar, Anil ^a   Ahuja, Alka ^b   Ali, Javed ^a   Baboota, Sanjula ^a  

^a HAMDARD UNIVERSITY   (India)

^b OMAN MEDICAL COLLEGE   (Oman)

Author keywords

Bioavailability enhancement; Cancer targeting; Curcumin; Irritable bowel syndrome; Novel drug delivery; Restenosis; Solubility enhancement

Indexed keywords

ACRYLIC ACID DERIVATIVE; ALGINIC ACID; ALKALOID DERIVATIVE; BETA CYCLODEXTRIN; CHITOSAN; COPOLYMER; CURCU GEL; CURCU GEL RX 95; CURCU GEL ULTRA; CURCUMA HERBAL BATH GEL; CURCUMIN; CURCUMIN 95; CURCUMIN AND BLACK PEPPER; CURCUMIN AND FERMENTED SOY; CURCUMIN C3 COMPLEX; CURCUMIN GLUCURONIDE; CURCUMIN SULFATE; CYCLODEXTRIN DERIVATIVE; CYCLOSPORIN A; DAUNORUBICIN; DEMETHOXYCURCUMIN; DEXTRAN SULFATE; DIDEMETHOXYCURCUMIN; DLPA; DOXORUBICIN; EPIKURON; GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID PHOSPHOLIPID COMPLEX; HEXAHYDROCURCUMIN; LIPOSOME; MERIVA; N ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE N VINYL 2 PYRROLIDONE POLY(ETHYLENEGLYCOL)MONOACRYLIC ACID NANOPARTICLE; NANOPARTICLE; OXALIPLATIN; PACLITAXEL; PHENOCANE WITH CURCUMIN; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; PIPERINE; POLYGLACTIN; POLYMER; PSORIA GOLD CURCUMIN GEL; SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLE; SUPER CURCUMIN; TETRAHYDROCURCUMIN; TURMERIC; TURMERIC CURCUMIN; TURMERIC EXTRACT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VICCO TURMERIC;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; ARTHRITIS; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; BRAIN CANCER; BREAST CANCER; CELL LINE; CELL PROLIFERATION; COLITIS; COLORECTAL CANCER; COMPLEX FORMATION; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISPERSION; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG CAPSULE; DRUG CYTOTOXICITY; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG RELEASE; DRUG SOLUBILITY; DRUG STABILITY; DRUG TRANSFORMATION; ENTERITIS; HEAD AND NECK CANCER; HUMAN; IC 50; IN VITRO STUDY; KIDNEY CANCER; LEUKEMIA; LIPOSOMAL DELIVERY; LIVER PROTECTION; LUNG CANCER; MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION; MELANOMA; MICELLE; MICROEMULSION; MOLECULARLY TARGETED THERAPY; MOUTH CANCER; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NANOEMULSION; NANOENCAPSULATION; NEOPLASM; NONHUMAN; OSTEOSARCOMA; PANCREAS CANCER; PANCREATITIS; PSORIASIS; RESTENOSIS; REVIEW; SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION; TABLET FORMULATION; TIME TO MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION; UTERINE CERVIX CANCER; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 78650068904     PISSN: 07434863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v27.i4.10     Document Type: Review

References (114)

1. Chattopadhyay I, Biswas K, Bandyopadhyay U, Banerjee RK. Turmeric and curcumin: Biological action and medicinal applications. Curr Sci. 2004;87(1):44-53.
2. Aggarwal BB, Surh Y-J, Shishodia S, editors. The molecular target and therapeutic uses of curcumin in health and disease. Advances in experimental medicine and biology series, vol. 595. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 1-66.
3. Han SS, Chung ST, Robertson DA, Ranjan D, Bondada S. Curcumin causes the growth arrest and apoptosis of B cell lymphoma by downregulation of egr-1, c-myc, bcl-XL, NF-kappa B, and p53. Clin Immunol. 1999;93:152-61. (Pubitemid 29523391)
4. LoTempio MM, Veena MS, Steele HL, Ramamurthy B, Ramalingam TS, Cohen AN, Chakrabarti R, Srivatsan ES, Wang MB. Curcumin suppresses growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11:6994-7002. (Pubitemid 41428759)
5. Babu PS, Srinivasan K. Hypolipidemic action of curcumin, the active principle of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 1997;166:169-75.
6. Goel A, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin as "Curecumin": from kitchen to clinic. Biochem Pharma. 2008;75(4):787-809
7. Shen L, Ji HF. Theoretical study on physicochemical properties of curcumin. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2007;67:619-23. (Pubitemid 46809631)
8. Tonnesen HH, Karlsen J. Studies on curcumin and curcuminoids. VI. Kinetics of curcumin degradation in aqueous solution. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch. 1985;180:402-4.
9. Aggarwal BB, Kumar A, Bharti AC. Anticancer potential of curcumin: preclinical and clinical studies. Anticancer Res. 2003;23:363-98.
10. Zsila F, Bikàdi Z, Simonyi M. Molecular basis of the cotton effects induced by the binding of curcumin to human serum albumin. Zsila F, Bikádi Z, Simonyi M. Molecular basis of the cotton effects induced by the binding of curcumin to human serum albumin. Tetrahedron Asymmetry. 2003;14(16):2433-44.
11. Lin JK, Pan MH, Shiau SYL. Recent studies on the biofunctions and biotransformations of curcumin. Biofactors. 2000;13:153-8.
12. Loftsson T, Brewster ME. Pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins. 1. Drug solubilization and stabilization. J Pharm Sci. 1996;85(10):1017-24.
13. Lin HS, Chean CS, Ng YY, Chan SY, Ho PC. 2-Hydroxypropyl-β- cyclodextrin increases aqueous solubility and photostability of all-trans-retinoic acid. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2000;25:265-9.
14. Tomren MA, Masson M, Loftsson T, Tønnesen HH. Studies on curcumin and curcuminoids XXXI. Symmetric and asymmetric curcuminoids: Stability, activity and complexation with cyclodextrin. Int J Pharma. 2007;338:27-34. (Pubitemid 46777212)
15. Wang YJ, Pan MH, Cheng AL, Lin LI, Ho YS, Hsieh CY, Lin JK. Stability of curcumin in buffer solutions and characterization of its degradation products. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1997;15:1867-76.
16. Sharma RA, Gescher AJ, Steward WP. Curcumin: The story so far. Eur J Cancer. 2005;41:1955-68.
17. Pan MH, Huang TM, Lin JK. Biotransformation of curcumin through reduction and glucuronidation in mice. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999;27 (4):486-94.
18. Duvoix A, Morceau F, Delhalle S, Schmitz M, Schnekenburger M, Galteau MM, Dicato M, Diederich M. Induction of apoptosis by curcumin:mediation by glutathione S-transferase P1-1 inhibition. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003;66:1475-83.
19. Arora R, Basu N, Kapoor V. Anti-inflammatory studies on Curcuma longa (turmeric). Indian J Med Res. 1971;59:1289-95.
20. Negi PS, Jayaprakasha GK, Jagan Mohan Rao L, Sakariah KK. Antibacterial activity of turmeric oil: a byproduct from curcumin manufacture. J Agric Food Chem. 1999;47:4297-300.
21. Bourne KZ, Bourne N, Reising SF, Stanberry LR. Plant products as topical microbicide candidates: assessment of in vitro and in vivo activity against herpes simplex virus type 2. Antiviral Res. 1999;42:219-26. (Pubitemid 29335909)
22. Kawamori T, Lubet R, Steele VE. Chemopreventative effect of curcumin, a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory agent, during the promotion/progression stages of colon cancer. Cancer Res. 1999;59:597-601.
23. Apisariyakul A, Vanittanakom N, Buddhasukh D. Antifungal activity of turmeric oil extracted from Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 1995;49:163-9.
24. Mazumder A, Wang S, Neamati N, Nicklaus M, Sunder S, Chen J, Milne GW, Rice WG, Burke TR Jr, Pommier Y. Antiretroviral agents as inhibitors of both human immunodeficiency virus type 1integrase and protease. J Med Chem. 1996;39:2472-81.
25. Wahlstrom B, Blennow G. A study on the fate of curcumin in the rat. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. (Copenhagen). 1978;43(2):86-92.
26. Yang KY, Lin LC, Tseng TY, Wang SC, Tsai TH. Oral bioavailability of curcumin in rat and the herbal analysis from Curcuma longa by LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2007;853(1-2):183-9.
27. Shoba G, Joy D, Joseph T, Majeed M, Rajendran R, Srinivas PS. Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers. Planta Med. 1998;64(4):353-6. (Pubitemid 28234275)
28. Cruz-Correa M, Shoskes DA, Sanchez P, Zhao R, Hylind LM., Wexner SD, Giardiello FM. Combination treatment with curcumin and quercetin of adenomas in familial adenomatous polyposis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4(8):1035-8. (Pubitemid 44118839)
29. Verma SP, Salamone E, Goldin B. Curcumin and genistein, plant natural products, show synergistic inhibitory effects on the growth of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells induced by estrogenic pesticides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997;233(3):692-6.
30. Wallace JM. Nutritional and botanical modulation of the inflammatory cascade- eicosanoids, cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases as an adjunct in cancer therapy. Integr Cancer Ther. 2002;1:7-37.
31. Marczylo TH, Verschoyle RD, Cooke DN, Morazzoni P, Steward WP, Gescher AJ. Comparison of systemic availability of curcumin with that of curcumin formulated with phosphatidylcholine. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2007;60:171-7.
32. Ravindranath V, Chandrasekhara N. Absorption and tissue distribution of curcumin in rats. Toxicology. 1980;16(3):259-65.
33. Cheng AL, Hsu CH, Lin JK, Hsu MM, Ho YF, Shen TS, Ko JY, Lin JT, Lin BR, Ming-Shiang W, Yu HS, Jee SH, Chen GS, Chen TM, Chen CA, Lai MK, Pu YS, Pan MH, Wang YJ, Tsai CC, Hsieh CY. Phase I clinical trial of curcumin, a chemopreventive agent, in patients with high-risk or pre-malignant lesions. Anticancer Res. 2001;21(4B):2895-900.
34. Sharma RA, McLelland HR, Hill KA, Ireson CR, Euden SA, Manson MM, Pirmohamed M, Marnett LJ, Gescher AJ, Steward WP. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic study of oral Curcuma extract in patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2001;7:1894-900. (Pubitemid 32994823)
35. Anand P, Kunnumakkara AB, Newman RA, Aggarwal BB. Bioavailability of curcumin: problems and Promises. Mol Pharma. 2007;4(6): 807-18.
36. Sinha S, Baboota S, Ali M, Kumar A, Ali J. Solid dispersion: an alternative technique for bioavailability enhancement of poorly soluble drugs. J Disp Sci Tech. 2009;30:1-16.
37. Yang CS, Sang S, Lambert SD, Lee M. Bioavailability issues in studying the health effects of plant polyphenolic compounds. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008;52:S139-51.
38. Tønnesen HH, Másson M, Loftsson T. Studies of curcumin and curcuminoids. XXVII. Cyclodextrin complexation: solubility, chemical and photochemical stability. Int J Pharm. 2002;244:127-35.
39. Baglole KN, Boland PG, Wagner BD. Fluorescence enhancement of curcumin upon inclusion into parent and modified cyclodextrins. J Photo Photobio A Chem. 2005;173:230-7.
40. Waleczek KJ, Marques C, Hempel B, Schmidt PC. Phase solubility study of pure (-)-alpha-bisabolol and camomile essential oil with beta-cyclodextrin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2003;55:247-51.
41. Konrádsdóttir F, Ogmundsdóttir H, Sigurdsson V, Loftsson T. Drug targeting to the hair follicles: a cyclodextrin-based drug delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2009;10(1):266-9.
42. Kidd PM, Head K. A review of the bioavailability and clinical efficacy of milk thistle phytosome: a silybin-phosphatidylcholine complex (Siliphos®). Altern Med Rev. 2005;10:193-203.
43. Bombardelli E, Curri SB, Loggia RD, Negro PD, Tubaro A, Gariboldi P. Complex between phospholipids and vegetal derivatives of biological interest. Fitoterapia. 1989;60(suppl1):1-9.
44. Maiti K, Mukherjee K, Gantait A, Saha BP, Mukherjee PK. Curcumin-phospholipid complex: Preparation, therapeutic evaluation and pharmacokinetic study in rats. Int J Pharm. 2007;330:155-63.
45. Kumar M, Ahuja M, Sharma SK. Hepatoprotective study of curcumin-soya lecithin complex. Sci Pharm. 2008;76:761-74.
46. Liu A, Lou H, Zhao L, Fan P. Validated LC/MS/MS assay for curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin in rat plasma and application to pharmacokinetic study of phospholipid complex of curcumin. J Pharma Biomed Anal. 2006;40:720-7.
47. Xu DH, Wang S, Jing JIN, Mei XT, Xu SB. Dissolution and absorption researches of curcumin in solid dispersions with the polymers PVP. Asian J Pharma Pharmacok. 2006;6(4):343-9.
48. Paradkar A, Ambike AA, Jadhav BK, Mahadik KR. Characterization of curcumin-PVP solid dispersion obtained by spray drying. Int J Pharma. 2004;271:281-6.
49. Onoue S, Takahashi H, Kawabata Y, Seto Y, Hatanaka J, Timmermann B, Yamada S. Formulation design and photochemical studies on nanocrystal solid dispersion of curcumin with improved oral bioavailability. J Pharma Sci. 2009;99(4):1871-81.
50. Takahashi M, Uechi S, Takara K, Asikin Y, Wada K. Evaluation of an oral carrier system in rats: bioavailability and antioxidant properties of liposome-encapsulated curcumin. J Agri Food Chem. 2009;57:9141-46.
51. Tiyaboonchai W, Tungpradit W, Plianbangchang P. Formulation and characterization of curcuminoids loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm. 2007;337:299-306.
52. Shaikha J, Ankola DD, Beniwal V, Singh D, Ravi Kumar MN. Nanoparticle encapsulation improves oral bioavailability of curcumin by at least 9-fold when compared to curcumin administered with piperine as absorption enhancer. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2009;37:223-30.
53. Mulik R, Mahadik K, Paradkar A. Development of curcuminoids loaded poly(butyl) cyanoacrylate nanoparticles: Physicochemical characterization and stability study. Eur J Pharma Sci. 2009;37:395-404.
54. Cui J, Yu B, Zhao Y, Zhu W, Li H, Lou H, Zhai G. Enhancement of oral absorption of curcumin by self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm. 2009;371:148-55.
55. Ammon HP, Safayhi H, Mack T, Sabieraj J. Mechanism of anti-inflammatory actions of curcumin and bowsellic acids. J Ethnopharmacol. 1993;38:113-9.
56. Goel A, Boland CR, Chauhan DP. Specific inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by dietary curcumin in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 2001;172:111-8.
57. Balasubramanyam M, Koteswari AA, Kumar RS, Monickaraj SF, Maheswari JU, Mohan V. Curcumin-induced inhibition of cellular reactive oxygen species generation: Novel therapeutic implications. J Biosc. 2003;28:715-21.
58. Sidhu GS, Mani H, Gaddipati JP, Singh AK, Seth P, Banaudha KK, Patnaik GK, Maheshwari RK. Curcumin enhances wound healing in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and genetically diabetic mice. Wound Repair Regen. 1999;7:362-74.
59. Calabrese V, Butterfield DA, Stella AM. Nutritional antioxidants and the heme oxygenase pathway of stress tolerance, novel targets for neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease. Ital J Biochem. 2003;52:177-81.
60. Mishra VK, Mohammada G, Mishra SK. Downregulation of telomerase activity may enhanced by nanoparticle mediated curcumin delivery. Digest J Nanomat Biost. 2008;3(4):163-9.
61. Volate SR, Davenport DM, Muga SJ, Wargovich MJ. Modulation of aberrant crypt foci and apoptosis by dietary herbal supplements (quercetin, curcumin, silymarin, ginseng and rutin). Carcinogenesis. 2005;26:1450-6.
62. Hudson JD, Shoaibi MA, Maestro R, Carnero A, Hannon GJ, Beach DH. A proinflammatory cytokine inhibits p53 tumor suppressor activity. J Exp Med. 1999;190:1375-82.
63. Jaiswal AS, Marlow BP, Gupta N, Narayan S. Beta-catenin-mediated transactivation and cell-cell adhesion pathways are important in curcumin (diferuylmethane) induced growth arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Oncogene. 2002;21:8414-27.
64. Bisht S, Feldmann G, Soni S, Ravi R, Karikar C, Maitra A, Maitra A. Polymeric nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin ("nanocurcumin"): a novel strategy for human cancer therapy. J Nanobiotechnology. 2007 Apr 17;5:3.
65. Mishra B, Patel BB, Tiwari S. Colloidal nanocarriers: a review on formulation technology, types and applications toward targeted drug delivery. Nanomedicine. 2010 Feb;6(1):9-24.
66. Wong HL, Bendayan R, Rauth AM, Li Y, Wu XY. Chemotherapy with anticancer drugs encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2007;59:491-504.
67. Musthaba SM, Ahmad S, Ahuja A, Ali J, Baboota S. Nano approaches to enhance pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activity of plant origin drugs. Current Nanoscience. 2009;5:344-52.
68. Musthaba SM, Baboota S, Ahmed S, Ahuja A, Ali J. Status of novel drug delivery technology for phytotherapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2009;6(6):625-37.
69. Aggarwal BB, Shishodia S. Suppression of the nuclear factor-kappaB activation pathway by spice-derived phytochemicals: reasoning for seasoning. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1030:434-41.
70. Mukhopadhyay A, Banerjee S, Stafford LJ, Xia C, Liu M, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin-induced suppression of cell proliferation correlates with down-regulation of cyclin D1 expression and CDK4-mediated retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. Oncogene. 2002;21(57):8852-61.
71. Kim KY. Nanotechnology platforms and physiological challenges for cancer therapeutics. Nanomedicine. 2007 Jun;3(2):103-10.
72. Kroll A, Pillukat MH, Hahn D, Schnekenburger J. Current in vitro methods in nanoparticle risk assessment: Limitations and challenges. Eur J Pharm Bioph. 2009;72:370-7.
73. Efstathios Karathanasis, Leslie Chan, Sri R. Balusu. Multifunctional nanocarriers for mammographic quantification of tumor dosing and prognosis of breast cancer therapy. Biomaterials. 2008;29:4815-22.
74. Das RK, Kasoju N, Bora U. Encapsulation of curcumin in alginate-chitosan-pluronic composite nanoparticles for delivery to cancer cells. Nanomedicine. 2010;6(1):153-60.
75. Gupta V, Aseh A, Ríos CN, Aggarwal BB, Mathur SB. Fabrication and characterization of silk fibroin-derived curcumin nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Int J Nanomed. 2009;4:115-22.
76. Anand P, Nair HB, Sung B, Kunnumakkara AB, Yadav VR, Tekmal RR, Aggarwal BB. Design of curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles formulation with enhanced cellular uptake, and increased bioactivity in vitro and superior bioavailability in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol. 2010;79(3):330-8.
77. Li L, Braiteh FS, Kurzrock R. Liposome-encapsulated curcumin. Cancer. 2005;104:1322-31.
78. Li L, Ahmed B, Mehta K, Kurzrock R. Liposomal curcumin with and without oxaliplatin: effects on cell growth, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007;6(4):1276-82.
79. Kunwar A, Barik A, Pandey R, Priyadarsini KI. Transport of liposomal and albumin loaded curcumin to living cells: An absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic study. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006;1760(10):1513-20.
80. Wang D, Veena MS, Stevenson K, Tang C, Ho B, Suh JD, Duarte VM, Faull KF, Mehta K, Srivatsan ES, Wang MB. Liposome-encapsulated curcumin suppresses growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in xenografts through the inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB by an AKT-independent pathway. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14(19):6228-36.
81. Chen C, Johnston TD, Jeon H, Gedaly R, McHugh PP, Burke TG, Ranjan D. An in vitro study of liposomal curcumin: stability, toxicity and biological activity in human lymphocytes and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B-cells. Int J Pharm. 2009;366:133-9.
82. Sampedro F, Partika J, Santalo P, Molins-Pujol AM, Bonal J, Perez-Soler R. Liposomes as carriers of different new lipophilic antitumour drugs: a preliminary report. J. Microencapsul. 1994;11:309-18.
83. Samuni, AM, Barenholz Y. Use of nitroxides to protect liposomes against oxidative damage. Methods Enzymol. 2004;387:299-314.
84. Mayhew E, Ito M, Lazo R. Toxicity of non-drug-containing liposomes for cultured human cells. Exp Cell Res. 1987;171:195-202.
85. Thangapazham RL, Puri A, Tele S, Blumenthal R, Maheshwari RK. Evaluation of a nanotechnology-based carrier for delivery of curcumin in prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 2008;32:1119-23.
86. Narayanan NK, Nargi D, Randolph C, Narayanan BA. Liposome encapsulation of curcumin and resveratrol in combination reduces prostate cancer incidence in PTEN knockout mice. Int J Cancer. 2009:125:1-8.
87. Araya H, Tomita M, Hayashi M. The novel formulation design of O/W microemulsion for improving the gastrointestinal absorption of poorly water soluble compounds. Int J Pharm. 2005;305:61-74.
88. Nornoo AO, Zheng H, Lopes LB, Restrepo BJ, Kannan K, Reed R. Oral microemulsions of paclitaxel: in situ and pharmacokinetic studies. Eur J Pharm Bioph. 2009;71:310-17.
89. Ganta S, Amiji M. Coadministration of paclitaxel and curcumin in nanoemulsion formulations to overcome multidrug resistance in tumor cells. Mol Pharm. 2009;6(3):928-39.
90. Leung MHM, Colangelo H, Kee TW. Encapsulation of curcumin in cationic micelles suppresses alkaline hydrolysis. Langmuir. 2008;24:5672-5.
91. Ma Z, Haddadi A, Molavi O, Lavasanifar A, Lai R, Samuel J. Micelles of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) as vehicles for the solubilization, stabilization, and controlled delivery of curcumin. J Biomed Mater Res. 2008;86A:300-10.
92. Sahu A, Bora U, Kasoju N, Goswami P. Synthesis of novel biodegradable and self-assembling methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-palmitate nanocarrier for curcumin delivery to cancer cells. Acta Biomaterialia. 2008;4:1752-61.
93. Yu H, Huang Q. Enhanced in vitro anticancer activity of curcumin encapsulated in hydrophobically modified starch. Food Chem. 2010;119:669-74.
94. Sahu A, Kasoju N, Bora U. Fluorescence study of the curcumin-casein micelle complexation and its application as a drug nanocarrier to cancer cells. Biomacromolecules. 2008;9(10):2905-12.
95. Wirtz S, Neurath MF. Mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2007;59(11):1073-83.
96. Camilleri M. Dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and constipation: review and what's new. Rev Gastroenterol Disord. 2001;1:2-17.
97. Olden KW. Diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2002;122:1701-14.
98. Ricart E, Panaccione R, Loftus EV Jr, Tremaine WJ, Harmsen WS, Zinsmeister AR, Sandborn WJ. Autoimmune disorders and extra intestinal manifestations in first-degree familial and sporadic inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2004;10(3):207-14.
99. Podolsky DK. Inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:417-29.
100. Hanauer SB. Inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:841-8.
101. Holt PR, Katz S, Kirshoff R. Curcumin therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: a pilot study. Dig Dis Sci. 2005;50:2191-3.
102. Hanai H, Iida T, Takeuchi K, Watanabe F, Maruyama Y, Andoh A, Tsujikawa T, Fujiyama Y, Mitsuyama K, Sata M, Yamada M, Iwaoka Y, Kanke K, Hiraishi H, Hirayama K, Arai H, Yoshii S, Uchijima M, Nagata T, Koide Y. Curcumin maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis: randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4:1502-6.
103. Yadava VR, Suresha S, Devi K, Yadav S. Novel formulation of solid lipid microparticles of curcumin for anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activity for optimization of therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2009;61:311-32.
104. Hamon M, Bauters C, McFadden EP, Wernert N, Lablanche JM, Dupuis B, Bertrand ME. Restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Eur Heart J. 1995;16(Suppl I):33-48.
105. Casterella PJ. Restenosis: an overview. Front Radiat Ther Oncol. 2001;35:147-71.
106. Jang HS, Nam HY, Kim JM, Hahm DH, Nam SH, Kim KL, Joo JR, Suh W, Park JS, Kim DK, Gwon HC. Effects of curcumin for preventing restenosis in a hypercholesterolemic rabbit iliac artery stent model. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2009 ;74(6):881-8.
107. Nam SH, Nam HY, Joo JR, Baek IS, Park JS. Curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles coating onto metal stent by electrophoretic deposition techniques. Bull Korean Chem Soc. 2007;28(3):397-402.
108. Pan CJ, Tang JJ, Weng YJ, Wang J, Huang N. Preparation, characterization and anticoagulation of curcumin-eluting controlled biodegradable coating stents. J Control Release. 2006;116(1):42-9.
109. Dibra A, Kastrati A, Mehilli J, Pache J, von Oepen R, Dirschinger J, Schömig A. Influence of stent surface topography on the outcomes of patients undergoing coronary stenting: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Cathet Cardio Interv. 2005;65:374-80.
110. Sousa JE, Serruys PW, Costa MA. New frontiers in cardiology: drug-eluting stents: Part I. Circulation. 2003;107:2274-9.
111. Patel NA, Patel NJ, Patel RP. Formulation and evaluation of curcumin gel for topical application. Pharma Devel Technol. 2009;14:80-9.
112. Fang JY, Hung CF, Hsien-Chih Chiu, Jhi-Joung Wang, Te-Fu Chan. Efficacy and irritancy of enhancers on the in-vitro and in-vivo percutaneous absorption of curcumin. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2003;55:593-601.
113. Wang X, Jiang Y, Wang Y-W, Huang M-T, Ho C-T, Huang Q. Enhancing antiinflammation activity of curcumin through O/W nanoemulsions. Food Chem. 2008;108(2):419-24.
114. Lin C, Lin H, Chen H, Yu M, Lee M. Stability and characterisation of phospholipid-based curcumin-encapsulated microemulsions. Food Chem. 2009;116:923-8.