Group entitativity and similarity: Their differing patterns in perceptions of groups

European Journal of Social Psychology

Volumn 40, Issue 7, 2010, Pages 1212-1230

  Crump, Sara A ^a   Hamilton, David L ^b   Sherman, Steven J ^c   Lickel, Brian ^d   Thakkar, Vinita ^b  

^a BAKER UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 78649579139     PISSN: 00462772     EISSN: 10990992     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.716     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Abelson, R. P., Dasgupta, N., Park, J., & Banaji, M. R. (1998). Perceptions of the collective other. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2, 243-250.
2. Askevis-Leherpeux, F. (2005). For and against: Perceived entitativity of supportive and oppositional opinion groups. GroupProcesses & Intergroup Relations, 8, 27-37.
3. Bastian, B., & Haslam, N. (2006). Psychological essentialism and stereotype endorsement. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42, 228-235.
4. Boldry, J. G., Gaertner, L., & Quinn, J. (2007). Measuring the measures: A meta-analytic investigation of the measures of outgroup homogeneity. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 10, 157-178.
5. Brewer, M. B., & Harasty, A. S. (1996). Seeing groups as entities: The role of perceiver motivation. In R. M. Sorrentino, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: The interpersonal context (Vol. 3, pp. 347-370). New York: The Guilford Press.
6. Brewer, M. B., Hong, Y.-Y., & Li, Q. (2004). Dynamic entitativity: Perceiving groups as actors. In V. Yzerbyt, C. M. Judd, & O. Corneille (Eds.), The psychology of group perception (pp. 25-38). New York: Psychology Press.
7. Brewer, M. B., Weber, J. G., & Carini, B. (1995). Person memory in intergroup contexts: Categorization versus individuation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 29-40.
8. Campbell, D. T. (1958). Common fate, similarity, and other indices of the status of aggregates of persons as social entities. Behavioral Science, 3, 14-25.
9. Castano, E., Sacchi, S., & Gries, P. H. (2003). The perception of the other in international relations: Evidence for the polarizing effect of entitativity. Political Psychology, 24, 449-468.
10. Castano, E., Yzerbyt, V., & Bourguignon, D. (2003). We are one and I like it: The impact of ingroup entitativity on ingroup identification. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 735-754.
11. Castano, E., Yzerbyt, V., Paladino, M., & Sacchi, S. (2002). I belong, therefore, I exist: Ingroup identification, ingroup entitativity, and ingroup bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 135-143.
12. Crawford, M. T., Sherman, S. J., & Hamilton, D. L. (2002). Perceived entitativity, stereotype formation, and the interchangeability of group members. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 1076-1094.
13. Dasgupta, N., Banaji, M. R., & Abelson, R. P. (1999). Group entitativity and group perception: Associations between physical features and psychological judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 991-1003.
14. Denson, T., Lickel, B., Curtis, M., Stenstrom, D., & Ames, D. R. (2006). The roles of entitativity and essentiality in judgments of collective responsibility. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 9, 43-62.
15. Hamilton, D. L. (2007). Understanding the complexities of group perception: Broadening the domain. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 1077-1101.
16. Hamilton, D. L., & Sherman, S. J. (1996). Perceiving persons and groups. Psychological Review, 103, 336-355.
17. Hamilton, D. L., Sherman, S. J., & Castelli, L. (2002). A group by any other name-The role of entitativity in group perception. In W. Stroebe, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (Vol. 12, pp. 139-166). Chichester, England: Wiley.
18. Hamilton, D. L., Sherman, S. J., Crump, S. A., & Spencer-Rodgers, J. (2009). The role of entitativity in stereotyping: Processes and parameters. In T. D. Nelson (Ed.), Handbook of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination (pp. 179-198). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
19. Hamilton, D. L., Sherman, S. J., & Lickel, B. (1998). Perceptions of groups: The importance of the entitativity continuum. In C. Sedikides, J. Schopler, & C. A. Insko (Eds.), Intergroup cognition and intergroup behavior (pp. 47-74). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
20. Hamilton, D. L., Sherman, S. J., & Maddox, K. B. (1999). Dualities and continua: Implications for understanding perceptions of persons and groups. In S. Chaiken, & Y. Trope (Eds.), Dual-process theories in social psychology (pp. 606-626). New York, NY, USA: Guilford Press.
21. Ip, G. W., Chiu, C., & Wan, C. (2006). Birds of a feather and birds flocking together: Physical versus behavioral cues may lead to trait- versus goal-based group perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 368-381.
22. Johnson, A. L., Crawford, M. T., Sherman, S. J., Rutchick, A. M., Hamilton, D. L., Ferreira, M. B., et al. (2006). A functional perspective on group memberships: Differential need fulfillment in a group typology. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42, 707-719.
23. Johnson, A. L., & Queller, S. (2003). The mental representations of high and low entitativity groups. Social Cognition, 21, 101-119.
24. Liberman, N., Sagristano, M. D., & Trope, Y. (2002). The effect of temporal distance on level of mental construal. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 523-534.
25. Lickel, B., Hamilton, D. L., & Sherman, S. J. (2001). Elements of a lay theory of groups: Types of groups, relational styles, and the perception of group entitativity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5, 129-140.
26. Lickel, B., Hamilton, D. L., Wieczorkowska, G., Lewis, A., Sherman, S. J., & Uhles, A. N. (2000). Varieties of groups and the perception of group entitativity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 223-246.
27. Lickel, B., Rutchick, A., Hamilton, D. L., & Sherman, S. J. (2006). Intuitive theories of group types and relational principles. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42, 28-39.
28. Linville, P. W., Fischer, G. W., & Salovey, P. (1989). Perceived distributions of characteristics of ingroup and outgroup members: Empirical evidence and a computer simulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 165-188.
29. Linville, P. W., & Jones, E. E. (1980). Polarized appraisals of outgroup members. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 689-703.
30. Magee, J. C., & Tiedens, L. Z. (2006). Emotional ties that bind: The roles of valence and consistency of group emotion in inferences of cohesiveness and common fate. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1703-1715.
31. McConnell, A. R., Sherman, S. J., & Hamilton, D. L. (1997). Target entitativity: Implications for information processing about individual and group targets. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 750-762.
32. McGarty, C., Haslam, S. A., Hutchinson, K. J., & Grace, D. M. (1995). Determinants of perceived consistency: The relationship between group entitativity and the meaningfulness of categories. British Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 237-256.
33. Mullen, B., & Hu, L. (1989). Perceptions of ingroup and outgroup variability: A meta-analytic integration. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 10, 233-252.
34. Ostrom, T. M., & Sedikides, C. (1992). Out-group homogeneity effects in natural and minimal groups. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 536-552.
35. Park, B., & Judd, C. M. (1990). Measures and models of perceived group variability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 173-191.
36. Perry, P. (2001). White means never having to say you're ethnic: White youth and the construction of "cultureless" identities. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 30, 56-91.
37. Pickett, C. L. (2001). The effects of entitativity beliefs on implicit comparisons between group members. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 515-525.
38. Pickett, C. L., & Perrott, D. A. (2004). Shall I compare thee? Perceived entitativity and ease of comparison. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 283-289.
39. Quattrone, G. A., & Jones, E. E. (1980). The perception of variability within in-groups and out-groups: Implications for the law of small numbers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 141-152.
40. Rothbart, M., & Park, B. (2004). The mental representation of social categories: Category boundaries, entitativity, and stereotype change. In V. Yzerbyt, C. M. Judd, & O. Corneille (Eds.), The psychology of group perception (pp. 79-100). New York: Psychology Press.
41. Rothgerber, H. (1997). External threat as an antecedent to perceptions of ingroup and outgroup homogeneity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1206-1212.
42. Rubin, M., & Badea, C. (2007). Why do people perceive ingroup homogeneity on ingroup traits and outgroup homogeneity on outgroup traits? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 31-42.
43. Rutchick, A. M., Hamilton, D. L., & Sack, J. D. (2008). Antecedents of entitativity in categorically and dynamically construed groups. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 905-921.
44. Rydell, R. J., & McConnell, A. R. (2005). Perceptions of entitativity and attitude change. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 99-110.
45. Sherman, S. J., Castelli, L., & Hamilton, D. L. (2002). The spontaneous use of a group typology as an organizing principle in memory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 328-342.
46. Sherman, S. J., Hamilton, D. L., & Lewis, A. C. (1999). Perceived entitativity and the social identity value of group memberships. In D. Abrams, & M. A. Hogg (Eds.), Social identity and social cognition (pp. 80-110). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
47. Spencer-Rodgers, J., Hamilton, D. L., & Sherman, S. J. (2007). The central role of entitativity in stereotypes of social categories and task groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 369-388.
48. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worschel, & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (2nd ed., pp. 7-24). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
49. Thakkar, V. (2006). Judgment polarization or negativity: The impact of perceived entitativity on impressions about groups. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara.
50. Trope, Y., Liberman, N., & Wakslak, C. (2007). Construal levels and psychological distance: Effects on representation, prediction, evaluations, and behavior. Journal of Consumer Behavior, 17, 83-95.
51. Welbourne, J. L. (1999). The impact of perceived entitativity on inconsistency resolution for groups and individuals. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 481-508.
52. Yzerbyt, V. Y., Castano, E., Leyens, J. P., & Paladino, M. P. (2000). The primacy of the ingroup: The interplay of entitativity and identification. In W. Stroebe, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (Vol. 11, pp. 257-295). Chichester, England: Wiley.
53. Yzerbyt, V. Y., Judd, C., & Corneille, O. (Eds.), (2004). The psychology of group perception: Perceived variability, entitativity, and essentialism. New York: Psychology Press.
54. Yzerbyt, V. Y., Rogier, A., & Fiske, S. T. (1998). Group entitativity and social attribution: On translating situational constraints into stereotypes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 1089-1103.