The effects of entitativity beliefs on implicit comparisons between group members

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Volumn 27, Issue 5, 2001, Pages 515-525

  Pickett, Cynthia L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035531162     PISSN: 01461672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0146167201275001     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Abelson, R. P., Dasgupta, N., Park, J., & Banaji, M. (1998). Perceptions of the collective other. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2, 243-250.
2. Bargh, J. A. (1992). Does subliminality matter to social psychology? Awareness of the stimulus versus awareness of its influence. In R. Bornstein & T. Pittman (Eds.), Perception without awareness (pp. 236-255). New York: Guilford.
3. Bargh, J. A. (1994). The four horsemen of automaticity: Awareness, intention, efficiency, and control in social cognition. In R. S. Wyer, Jr., & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (2nd ed., pp. 1-40). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
4. Brewer, M. B., & Harasty, A. S. (1996). Seeing groups as entities: The role of perceiver motivation. In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Vol. 3. The interpersonal context (pp. 347-370). New York: Guilford.
5. Campbell, D. T. (1958). Common fate, similarity, and other indices of the status of aggregates as social entities. Behavioral Science, 3, 14-25.
6. Coren, S., & Enns, J. T. (1993). Size contrast as a function of conceptual similarity between test and inducers. Perception and Psychophysics, 54, 579-588.
7. Coren, S., & Girgus, J. S. (1978). Seeing is deceiving: The psychology of visual illusions. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
8. Coren, S., & Miller, J. (1974). Size contrast as a function of figurai similarity. Perception and Psychophysics, 16, 355-357.
9. Dasgupta, N., Banaji, M. R., & Abelson, R. P. (1999). Group entitativity and group perception: Associations between physical features and psychological judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5, 991-1003.
10. Dijksterhuis, A., Spears, R., Postmes, T., Stapel, D., Koomen, W., Knippenberg, A., & Scheepers, D. (1998). Seeing one thing and doing another: Contrast effects in automatic behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 862-871.
11. Eysenck, M. W. (1993). Principles of cognitive psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
12. Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117-140.
13. Gaertner, L., & Schopler, J. (1998). Perceived ingroup entitativity and intergroup bias: An interconnection of self and others. European Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 963-980.
14. Gilbert, D. T., Giesler, R. B., & Morris, K. A. (1995). When comparisons arise. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 227-236.
15. Goethals, G. R. (1986). Social comparison theory: Psychology from the lost and found. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 12, 261-278.
16. Goethals, G. R., & Darley, J. M. (1977). Social comparison theory: An attributional approach. In J. M. Suls & R. L. Miller (Eds.), Social comparison processes: Theoretical and empirical perspectives (pp. 259-278). Washington, DC: Hemisphere/Halsted.
17. Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102, 4-27.
18. Hamilton, D. L., & Sherman, S. J. (1996). Perceiving persons and groups. Psychological Review, 103, 336-355.
19. Hamilton, D. L., Sherman, S. J., & Lickel, B. (1998). Perceiving social groups: The importance of the entitativity continuum. In C. Sedikides, J. Schopler, & C. A. Insko (Eds.), Intergroup cognition and intergroup behavior (pp. 47-74). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
20. Harasty, A. S. (1996). Perceiving groups as entities: The role of "entitativity" for impression formation processes and stereotype use. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University.
21. Higgins, E. T., & Bargh, J. A. (1992). Unconscious sources of subjectivity and suffering: Is consciousness the solution? In A. Tesser & L. Martin (Eds.), The construction of social judgments. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
22. Hilton, J. L., & von Hippel, W. (1990). The role of consistency in the judgment of stereotype-relevant behaviors. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16, 430-448.
23. Insko, C. A., Schopler, J., & Sedikides, C. (1998). Personal control, entitativity, and evolution. In C. Sedikides, J. Schopler, & C. A. Insko (Eds.), Intergroup cognition and intergroup behavior (pp. 109-120). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
24. Lickel, B., Hamilton, D. L., Wieczorkowska, G., Lewis, A., Sherman, S. J., & Uhles, A. N. (2000). Varieties of groups and the perception of group entitativity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 223-245.
25. Massaro, D. W., & Anderson, N. H. (1971). Judgmental model of the Ebbinghaus illusion. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 89, 147-151.
26. McConnell, A. R., Sherman, S. J., & Hamilton, D. L. (1994). On-line and memory-based aspects of individual and group target judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 173-185.
27. McConnell, A. R., Sherman, S. J., & Hamilton, D. L. (1997). Target entitativity: Implications for information processing about individual and group targets. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 750-762.
28. McGarty, C., Haslam, S. A., Hutchinson, K. J., & Grace, D. M. (1995). Determinants of perceived consistency: The relationship between group entitativity and the meaningfulness of categories. British Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 237-256.
29. Petty, R. E., & Wegener, D. T. (1993). Flexible correction processes in social judgment: Correcting for context-induced contrast. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 29, 137-165.
30. Sherman, S. J., Hamilton, D. L., & Lewis, A. C. (1999). Perceived entitativity and the social identity value of group memberships. In D. Abrams & M. A. Hogg (Eds.), Social identity and social cognition (pp. 80-110). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
31. Stapel, D. A., & Koomen, W. (1997). Social categorization and perceptual judgments of size: When perception is social. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1177-1190.
32. Stapel, D. A., & Winkielman, P. (1998) Assimilation and contrast as a function of context-target similarity, distinctness, and dimensional relevance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 634-646.
33. Susskind, J., Maurer, K., Thakkar, V., Hamilton, D. L., & Sherman, J. W. (1999). Perceiving individuals and groups: Expectancies, dispositional inferences, and causal attributions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 181-191.
34. Tesser, A. (1988). Toward a self-evaluation maintenance model of social behavior. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 21, pp. 181-227). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
35. Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E. (1997). The flexible correction model: The role of naive theories of bias in bias correction. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 29, pp. 141-208). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
36. Welbourne, J. L. (1999). The impact of perceived entivity on inconsistency resolution for groups and individuals. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 481-508.
37. Welbourne, J. L., Harasty, A. S., & Brewer, M. B. (1997, May). The impact of kindness and intelligence information on extremity ratings of groups and individuals. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago.
38. Wheeler, L., Koestner, R., & Driver, R. (1982). Related attributes in the choice of comparison others: It's there, but it isn't all there is. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 18, 489-500.
39. Wheeler, L., & Kunitate, M. (1992). Social comparison in everyday life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 760-773.
40. Wilder, D. A. (1981). Perceiving persons as a group: Categorization and intergroup relations. In D. L. Hamilton (Ed.), Cognitive processes in stereotyping and intergroup behavior (pp. 213-258). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
41. Yzerbyt, V. Y., Rocher, S. J., & Schadron, G. (1997). Stereotypes as explanations: A subjective essentialistic view of group perception. In R. Spears, P. Oakes, N. Ellemers, & S. A. Haslam (Eds.), The psychology of stereotyping and group life (pp. 20-50). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
42. Yzerbyt, V. Y., Rogier, A., & Fiske, S. T. (1998). Group entitativity and social attribution: On translating situational constraints into stereotypes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 1089-1103.