Target entitativity: Implications for information processing about individual and group targets

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Volumn 72, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 750-762

  McConnell, Allen R ^a   Sherman, Steven J ^b   Hamilton, David L ^c  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; HUMAN; INDIVIDUALITY; LEARNING; MALE; PERCEPTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RECALL; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY;

ADULT; FEMALE; HUMANS; INDIVIDUALITY; JUDGMENT; MALE; MENTAL RECALL; SET (PSYCHOLOGY); SOCIAL CONFORMITY; SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION; SOCIAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 0031115953     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.72.4.750     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Asch, S. E. (1946). Forming impressions of personality. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 41, 258-290.
2. Brewer, M. B., & Harasty, A. S. (1996). Seeing groups as entities: The role of perceiver motivation. In R. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition (Vol. 3, pp. 347-370). New York: Guilford Press.
3. Campbell, D. T. (1958). Common fate, similarity, and other indices of the status of aggregates of persons as social entities. Behavioral Science, 3, 14-25.
4. Devine, P. G., Sedikides, C., & Fuhrman, R. W. (1989). Goals in social information processing: A case of anticipated interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 680-690.
5. Fiedler, K. (1991). The tricky nature of skewed frequency tables: An information loss account of distinctiveness-based illusory correlations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 24-36.
6. Fiedler, K., Russer, S., & Gramm, K. (1993). Illusory correlations and memory performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 29, 111-136.
7. Hamilton, D. L. (1991, August). Perceiving persons and groups: A social cognitive perspective. Paper presented at the 99th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco.
8. Hamilton, D. L., Dugan, P. M., & Trolier, T. K. (1985). The formation of stereotypical beliefs: Further evidence for distinctiveness-based illusory correlations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 5-17.
9. Hamilton, D. L., & Gifford, R. K. (1976). Illusory correlation in interpersonal perception: A cognitive basis of stereotypic judgments. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 12, 392-407.
10. Hamilton, D. L., Katz, L. B., & Leirer, V. O. (1980). Cognitive representation of personality impressions: Organizational processes in first impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 1050-1063.
11. Hamilton, D. L., & Sherman, S. J. (1989). Illusory correlations: Implications for stereotype theory and research. In D. Bar-Tal, C. F. Graumann, A. W. Kruglanski, & W. Stroebe (Eds.), Stereotyping and prejudice: Changing conceptions (pp. 59-82). New York: Springer-Verlag.
12. Hamilton, D. L., & Sherman, S. J. (1996). Perceiving individuals and groups. Psychological Review, 103, 336-355.
13. Hastie, R., & Park, B. (1986). The relationship between memory and judgment depends on whether the judgment task is memory-based or on-line. Psychological Review, 93, 258-268.
14. Johnson, C., & Mullen, B. (1994). Evidence for accessibility of paired distinctiveness in distinctiveness-based illusory correlation in stereotyping. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 65-70.
15. Lichtenstein, M., & Srull, T. K. (1987). Processing objectives as a determinant of the relationship between recall and judgment. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 23, 93-118.
16. Manis, M., & Paskewitz, J. R. (1987). Assessing psychopathology in individuals and groups: Aggregating behavior samples to form overall impressions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 13, 83-94.
17. McConnell, A. R., Sherman, S. J., & Hamilton, D. L. (1994a). Illusory correlation in the perception of groups: An extension of the distinctiveness-based account. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 414-429.
18. McConnell, A. R., Sherman, S. J., & Hamilton, D. L. (1994b). On-line and memory-based aspects of individual and group target judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 173-185.
19. Mullen, B., & Johnson, C. (1990). Distinctiveness-based illusory correlations and stereotyping: A meta-analytic integration. British Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 11-28.
20. Pryor, J. B. (1986). The influence of different encoding sets upon the formation of illusory correlations and group impressions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 12, 216-226.
21. Rosenthal, R., & Rosnow, R. (1985). Contrast analysis. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
22. Rosnow, R., & Rosenthal, R. (1989). Definition and interpretation of interaction effects. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 143-146.
23. Sanbonmatsu, D. M., Sherman, S. J., & Hamilton, D. L. (1987). Illusory correlation in the perception of individuals and groups. Social Cognition, 5, 1-25.
24. Schaller, M., & Maass, A. (1989). Illusory correlation and social categorization: Toward an integration of motivational and cognitive factors in stereotype formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 709-721.
25. Schmidt, S. R. (1991). Can we have a distinctive theory of memory? Memory & Cognition, 19, 523-542.
26. Sherman, S. J., Zehner, K. S., Johnson, J., & Hirt, E. R. (1983). Social explanation: The role of timing, set, and recall on subjective likelihood estimates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 1127-1143.
27. Smith, E. R. (1991). Illusory correlation in a simulated exemplar-based memory. Journal of Experimental and Social Psychology, 27, 107-123.
28. Srull, T. K. (1981). Person memory: Some tests of associative storage and retrieval models. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 7, 440-463.
29. Srull, T. K., Lichtenstein, M., & Rothbart, M. (1985). Associative storage and retrieval processes in person memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 11, 316-345.
30. Srull, T. K., & Wyer, R. S. (1989). Person memory and judgment. Psychological Review, 96, 58-83.
31. Stroessner, S. J., Hamilton, D. L., Acorn, D. A., Czyzewska, M., & Sherman, S. J. (1989, August). Representational differences in impressions of groups and individuals. Paper presented at the 97th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, New Orleans, LA.
32. Stroessner, S. J., Hamilton, D. L., & Mackie, D. M. (1992). Affect and stereotyping: The effect of induced mood on distinctiveness-based illusory correlation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 564-576.
33. Susskind, J., & Hamilton, D. L. (1994, June). The effects of perceived target unity on trait judgments. Paper presented at the 6th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Society, Washington, DC.
34. Uleman, J. S. (1987). Consciousness and control: The case of spontaneous trait inferences. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 13, 337-354.
35. Weisz, C., & Jones, E. E. (1993). Expectancy disconfirmation and dispositional inference: Latent strength of target-based and category-based expectancies. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 563-573.