메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 675-691

Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Hypertensive Heart Disease

Author keywords

Hypertensive heart disease; Prevention; Treatment

Indexed keywords

ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONIST; AMLODIPINE; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ATENOLOL; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CANDESARTAN; DIGOXIN; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; DOXAZOSIN; EPLERENONE; HYDRALAZINE; IRBESARTAN; LOSARTAN; NITRATE; PERINDOPRIL; PLACEBO; RENIN INHIBITOR; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT; VERAPAMIL;

EID: 77957723715     PISSN: 07338651     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2010.07.005     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (36)

References (122)
  • 1
    • 0141997269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the relation of systolic blood pressure to risk of cardiovascular disease continuous and graded, or are there critical values?
    • Kannel W.B., Vasan R.S., Levy D. Is the relation of systolic blood pressure to risk of cardiovascular disease continuous and graded, or are there critical values?. Hypertension 2003, 42(4):453-456.
    • (2003) Hypertension , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 453-456
    • Kannel, W.B.1    Vasan, R.S.2    Levy, D.3
  • 2
    • 0037079309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies
    • Lewington S., Clarke R., Qizilbash N., et al. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002, 360(9349):1903-1913.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , Issue.9349 , pp. 1903-1913
    • Lewington, S.1    Clarke, R.2    Qizilbash, N.3
  • 4
    • 0035853052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanotransduction in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy
    • Sugden P.H. Mechanotransduction in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Circulation 2001, 103(10):1375-1377.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , Issue.10 , pp. 1375-1377
    • Sugden, P.H.1
  • 5
    • 11144307292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • STRESS signaling pathways that modulate cardiac myocyte apoptosis
    • Baines C.P., Molkentin J.D. STRESS signaling pathways that modulate cardiac myocyte apoptosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2005, 38(1):47-62.
    • (2005) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-62
    • Baines, C.P.1    Molkentin, J.D.2
  • 6
    • 0033916114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibrosis and hypertensive heart disease
    • Weber K.T. Fibrosis and hypertensive heart disease. Curr Opin Cardiol 2000, 15(4):264-272.
    • (2000) Curr Opin Cardiol , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 264-272
    • Weber, K.T.1
  • 7
    • 33847347313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ECM remodeling in hypertensive heart disease
    • Berk B.C., Fujiwara K., Lehoux S. ECM remodeling in hypertensive heart disease. J Clin Invest 2007, 117(3):568-575.
    • (2007) J Clin Invest , vol.117 , Issue.3 , pp. 568-575
    • Berk, B.C.1    Fujiwara, K.2    Lehoux, S.3
  • 8
    • 0038047699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension prevalence and blood pressure levels in 6 European countries, Canada, and the United States
    • Wolf-Maier K., Cooper R.S., Banegas J.R., et al. Hypertension prevalence and blood pressure levels in 6 European countries, Canada, and the United States. JAMA 2003, 289(18):2363-2369.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , Issue.18 , pp. 2363-2369
    • Wolf-Maier, K.1    Cooper, R.S.2    Banegas, J.R.3
  • 9
    • 0023879355 scopus 로고
    • Echocardiographically detected left ventricular hypertrophy: prevalence and risk factors. The Framingham Heart Study
    • Levy D., Anderson K.M., Savage D.D., et al. Echocardiographically detected left ventricular hypertrophy: prevalence and risk factors. The Framingham Heart Study. Ann Intern Med 1988, 108(1):7-13.
    • (1988) Ann Intern Med , vol.108 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-13
    • Levy, D.1    Anderson, K.M.2    Savage, D.D.3
  • 10
    • 0022220557 scopus 로고
    • Unrecognized myocardial infarction and hypertension: the Framingham Study
    • Kannel W.B., Dannenberg A.L., Abbott R.D. Unrecognized myocardial infarction and hypertension: the Framingham Study. Am Heart J 1985, 109(3 Pt 1):581-585.
    • (1985) Am Heart J , vol.109 , Issue.3 PART 1 , pp. 581-585
    • Kannel, W.B.1    Dannenberg, A.L.2    Abbott, R.D.3
  • 11
    • 0030002580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The progression from hypertension to congestive heart failure
    • Levy D., Larson M.G., Vasan R.S., et al. The progression from hypertension to congestive heart failure. JAMA 1996, 275(20):1557-1562.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.275 , Issue.20 , pp. 1557-1562
    • Levy, D.1    Larson, M.G.2    Vasan, R.S.3
  • 12
    • 65249146202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of incident heart failure in a contemporary elderly cohort: the Health, Aging, And Body Composition study
    • Kalogeropoulos A., Georgiopoulou V., Kritchevsky S.B., et al. Epidemiology of incident heart failure in a contemporary elderly cohort: the Health, Aging, And Body Composition study. Arch Intern Med 2009, 169(7):708-715.
    • (2009) Arch Intern Med , vol.169 , Issue.7 , pp. 708-715
    • Kalogeropoulos, A.1    Georgiopoulou, V.2    Kritchevsky, S.B.3
  • 13
    • 55149100682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incident heart failure prediction in the elderly: the health ABC heart failure score
    • Butler J., Kalogeropoulos A., Georgiopoulou V., et al. Incident heart failure prediction in the elderly: the health ABC heart failure score. Circ Heart Fail 2008, 1(2):125-133.
    • (2008) Circ Heart Fail , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 125-133
    • Butler, J.1    Kalogeropoulos, A.2    Georgiopoulou, V.3
  • 14
    • 0037058826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifetime risk for developing congestive heart failure: the Framingham Heart Study
    • Lloyd-Jones D., Larson M., Leip E., et al. Lifetime risk for developing congestive heart failure: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2002, 106(24):3068-3072.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , Issue.24 , pp. 3068-3072
    • Lloyd-Jones, D.1    Larson, M.2    Leip, E.3
  • 15
    • 0003731910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Report, World Health Organization, Geneva (Switzerland), Available at:, Accessed February 1, 2010
    • World Health Report Reducing risks, promoting healthy life 2002, World Health Organization, Geneva (Switzerland), Available at:, Accessed February 1, 2010. http://www.who.int/whr/2002/en/whr02_en.pdf.
    • (2002) Reducing risks, promoting healthy life
  • 16
    • 0019515382 scopus 로고
    • Left ventricular hypertrophy: relationship of anatomic, echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings
    • Reichek N., Devereux R.B. Left ventricular hypertrophy: relationship of anatomic, echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings. Circulation 1981, 63(6):1391-1398.
    • (1981) Circulation , vol.63 , Issue.6 , pp. 1391-1398
    • Reichek, N.1    Devereux, R.B.2
  • 17
    • 0020546791 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of echocardiography versus electrocardiography in detecting left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison with postmortem mass measurements
    • Woythaler J.N., Singer S.L., Kwan O.L., et al. Accuracy of echocardiography versus electrocardiography in detecting left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison with postmortem mass measurements. J Am Coll Cardiol 1983, 2(2):305-311.
    • (1983) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 305-311
    • Woythaler, J.N.1    Singer, S.L.2    Kwan, O.L.3
  • 18
    • 0036077074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in electrocardiographic criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. Losartan Intervention for Endpoint
    • Okin P.M., Wright J.T., Nieminen M.S., et al. Ethnic differences in electrocardiographic criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. Losartan Intervention for Endpoint. Am J Hypertens 2002, 15(8):663-671.
    • (2002) Am J Hypertens , vol.15 , Issue.8 , pp. 663-671
    • Okin, P.M.1    Wright, J.T.2    Nieminen, M.S.3
  • 19
    • 0026663729 scopus 로고
    • Left ventricular hypertrophy in black and white hypertensives. Standard electrocardiographic criteria overestimate racial differences in prevalence
    • Lee D.K., Marantz P.R., Devereux R.B., et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy in black and white hypertensives. Standard electrocardiographic criteria overestimate racial differences in prevalence. JAMA 1992, 267(24):3294-3299.
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.267 , Issue.24 , pp. 3294-3299
    • Lee, D.K.1    Marantz, P.R.2    Devereux, R.B.3
  • 20
    • 0017331788 scopus 로고
    • Echocardiographic determination of left ventricular mass in man. Anatomic validation of the method
    • Devereux R.B., Reichek N. Echocardiographic determination of left ventricular mass in man. Anatomic validation of the method. Circulation 1977, 55(4):613-618.
    • (1977) Circulation , vol.55 , Issue.4 , pp. 613-618
    • Devereux, R.B.1    Reichek, N.2
  • 21
    • 0022588019 scopus 로고
    • Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings
    • Devereux R.B., Alonso D.R., Lutas E.M., et al. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings. Am J Cardiol 1986, 57(6):450-458.
    • (1986) Am J Cardiol , vol.57 , Issue.6 , pp. 450-458
    • Devereux, R.B.1    Alonso, D.R.2    Lutas, E.M.3
  • 22
    • 29244432482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology
    • Lang R.M., Bierig M., Devereux R.B., et al. Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005, 18(12):1440-1463.
    • (2005) J Am Soc Echocardiogr , vol.18 , Issue.12 , pp. 1440-1463
    • Lang, R.M.1    Bierig, M.2    Devereux, R.B.3
  • 23
    • 26244440622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The accuracy of left ventricular mass determined by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography in chronic animal and clinical studies: a comparison with postmortem examination and magnetic resonance imaging
    • Qin J.X., Jones M., Travaglini A., et al. The accuracy of left ventricular mass determined by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography in chronic animal and clinical studies: a comparison with postmortem examination and magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005, 18(10):1037-1043.
    • (2005) J Am Soc Echocardiogr , vol.18 , Issue.10 , pp. 1037-1043
    • Qin, J.X.1    Jones, M.2    Travaglini, A.3
  • 24
    • 50249146343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of left ventricular mass by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: validation against magnetic resonance and comparison with two-dimensional and m-mode measurements
    • Takeuchi M., Nishikage T., Mor-Avi V., et al. Measurement of left ventricular mass by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: validation against magnetic resonance and comparison with two-dimensional and m-mode measurements. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2008, 21(9):1001-1005.
    • (2008) J Am Soc Echocardiogr , vol.21 , Issue.9 , pp. 1001-1005
    • Takeuchi, M.1    Nishikage, T.2    Mor-Avi, V.3
  • 25
    • 0036642629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of interstudy reproducibility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance with two-dimensional echocardiography in normal subjects and in patients with heart failure or left ventricular hypertrophy
    • Grothues F., Smith G.C., Moon J.C., et al. Comparison of interstudy reproducibility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance with two-dimensional echocardiography in normal subjects and in patients with heart failure or left ventricular hypertrophy. Am J Cardiol 2002, 90(1):29-34.
    • (2002) Am J Cardiol , vol.90 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-34
    • Grothues, F.1    Smith, G.C.2    Moon, J.C.3
  • 26
    • 29144532135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional diastolic dysfunction in individuals with left ventricular hypertrophy measured by tagged magnetic resonance imaging-the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
    • Edvardsen T., Rosen B.D., Pan L., et al. Regional diastolic dysfunction in individuals with left ventricular hypertrophy measured by tagged magnetic resonance imaging-the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Am Heart J 2006, 151(1):109-114.
    • (2006) Am Heart J , vol.151 , Issue.1 , pp. 109-114
    • Edvardsen, T.1    Rosen, B.D.2    Pan, L.3
  • 27
    • 33344469809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-detector row cardiac computed tomography accurately quantifies right and left ventricular size and function compared with cardiac magnetic resonance
    • Raman S.V., Shah M., McCarthy B., et al. Multi-detector row cardiac computed tomography accurately quantifies right and left ventricular size and function compared with cardiac magnetic resonance. Am Heart J 2006, 151(3):736-744.
    • (2006) Am Heart J , vol.151 , Issue.3 , pp. 736-744
    • Raman, S.V.1    Shah, M.2    McCarthy, B.3
  • 28
    • 33847265364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of left ventricular function and mass in patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography using 64-detector-row CT: comparison to magnetic resonance imaging
    • Schlosser T., Mohrs O.K., Magedanz A., et al. Assessment of left ventricular function and mass in patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography using 64-detector-row CT: comparison to magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Radiol 2007, 48(1):30-35.
    • (2007) Acta Radiol , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 30-35
    • Schlosser, T.1    Mohrs, O.K.2    Magedanz, A.3
  • 29
    • 33749064744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 64-slice CT with gated SPECT for evaluation of left ventricular function
    • Schepis T., Gaemperli O., Koepfli P., et al. Comparison of 64-slice CT with gated SPECT for evaluation of left ventricular function. J Nucl Med 2006, 47(8):1288-1294.
    • (2006) J Nucl Med , vol.47 , Issue.8 , pp. 1288-1294
    • Schepis, T.1    Gaemperli, O.2    Koepfli, P.3
  • 30
    • 0037048669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2000
    • Flegal K.M., Carroll M.D., Ogden C.L., et al. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2000. JAMA 2002, 288(14):1723-1727.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , Issue.14 , pp. 1723-1727
    • Flegal, K.M.1    Carroll, M.D.2    Ogden, C.L.3
  • 31
    • 77957723784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at:, Accessed February 10, 2010
    • Sources of sodium among the US population, 2005-06 Available at:, Accessed February 10, 2010. http://riskfactor.cancer.gov/diet/foodsources/sodium/#tables.
    • Sources of sodium among the US population, 2005-06
  • 34
    • 0037120907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary prevention of hypertension: clinical and public health advisory from The National High Blood Pressure Education Program
    • Whelton P.K., He J., Appel L.J., et al. Primary prevention of hypertension: clinical and public health advisory from The National High Blood Pressure Education Program. JAMA 2002, 288(15):1882-1888.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , Issue.15 , pp. 1882-1888
    • Whelton, P.K.1    He, J.2    Appel, L.J.3
  • 35
    • 0025347391 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2, Short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context
    • Collins R., Peto R., MacMahon S., et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2, Short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context. Lancet 1990, 335(8693):827-838.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.335 , Issue.8693 , pp. 827-838
    • Collins, R.1    Peto, R.2    MacMahon, S.3
  • 36
    • 0030744599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of heart failure by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. SHEP Cooperative Research Group
    • Kostis J.B., Davis B.R., Cutler J., et al. Prevention of heart failure by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. JAMA 1997, 278(3):212-216.
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.278 , Issue.3 , pp. 212-216
    • Kostis, J.B.1    Davis, B.R.2    Cutler, J.3
  • 37
    • 0029960897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of disease progression, left ventricular hypertrophy and congestive heart failure in hypertension treatment trials
    • Moser M., Hebert P.R. Prevention of disease progression, left ventricular hypertrophy and congestive heart failure in hypertension treatment trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996, 27(5):1214-1218.
    • (1996) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 1214-1218
    • Moser, M.1    Hebert, P.R.2
  • 38
    • 13144267729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with drugs to lower blood pressure and blood cholesterol based on an individual's absolute cardiovascular risk
    • Jackson R., Lawes C.M., Bennett D.A., et al. Treatment with drugs to lower blood pressure and blood cholesterol based on an individual's absolute cardiovascular risk. Lancet 2005, 365(9457):434-441.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , Issue.9457 , pp. 434-441
    • Jackson, R.1    Lawes, C.M.2    Bennett, D.A.3
  • 39
    • 0035899910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of isolated systolic hypertension is most effective in older patients with high-risk profile
    • Ferrucci L., Furberg C.D., Penninx B.W., et al. Treatment of isolated systolic hypertension is most effective in older patients with high-risk profile. Circulation 2001, 104(16):1923-1926.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , Issue.16 , pp. 1923-1926
    • Ferrucci, L.1    Furberg, C.D.2    Penninx, B.W.3
  • 40
    • 0035897696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
    • Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults
    • Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001, 285(19):2486-2497.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , Issue.19 , pp. 2486-2497
  • 41
    • 33644806751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanding the definition and classification of hypertension
    • Giles T.D., Berk B.C., Black H.R., et al. Expanding the definition and classification of hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2005, 7(9):505-512.
    • (2005) J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) , vol.7 , Issue.9 , pp. 505-512
    • Giles, T.D.1    Berk, B.C.2    Black, H.R.3
  • 42
    • 34250350040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2007 guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
    • Mancia G., De Backer G., Dominiczak A., et al. 2007 guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2007, 25(6):1105-1187.
    • (2007) J Hypertens , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 1105-1187
    • Mancia, G.1    De Backer, G.2    Dominiczak, A.3
  • 43
    • 0032510639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories
    • Wilson P.W., D'Agostino R.B., Levy D., et al. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation 1998, 97(18):1837-1847.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.97 , Issue.18 , pp. 1837-1847
    • Wilson, P.W.1    D'Agostino, R.B.2    Levy, D.3
  • 44
    • 49849103753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure variability and classification of prehypertension and hypertension in adolescence
    • Falkner B., Gidding S.S., Portman R., et al. Blood pressure variability and classification of prehypertension and hypertension in adolescence. Pediatrics 2008, 122(2):238-242.
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.122 , Issue.2 , pp. 238-242
    • Falkner, B.1    Gidding, S.S.2    Portman, R.3
  • 45
    • 4143058262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of dietary and lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hypertension in Western populations
    • Geleijnse J.M., Kok F.J., Grobbee D.E. Impact of dietary and lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hypertension in Western populations. Eur J Public Health 2004, 14(3):235-239.
    • (2004) Eur J Public Health , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 235-239
    • Geleijnse, J.M.1    Kok, F.J.2    Grobbee, D.E.3
  • 46
    • 0242525141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of weight reduction on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Neter J.E., Stam B.E., Kok F.J., et al. Influence of weight reduction on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hypertension 2003, 42(5):878-884.
    • (2003) Hypertension , vol.42 , Issue.5 , pp. 878-884
    • Neter, J.E.1    Stam, B.E.2    Kok, F.J.3
  • 47
    • 0035793139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term weight loss and changes in blood pressure: results of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention, phase II
    • Stevens V.J., Obarzanek E., Cook N.R., et al. Long-term weight loss and changes in blood pressure: results of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention, phase II. Ann Intern Med 2001, 134(1):1-11.
    • (2001) Ann Intern Med , vol.134 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-11
    • Stevens, V.J.1    Obarzanek, E.2    Cook, N.R.3
  • 48
    • 0021167582 scopus 로고
    • Physical fitness and incidence of hypertension in healthy normotensive men and women
    • Blair S.N., Goodyear N.N., Gibbons L.W., et al. Physical fitness and incidence of hypertension in healthy normotensive men and women. JAMA 1984, 252(4):487-490.
    • (1984) JAMA , vol.252 , Issue.4 , pp. 487-490
    • Blair, S.N.1    Goodyear, N.N.2    Gibbons, L.W.3
  • 49
    • 8244264753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group
    • Appel L.J., Moore T.J., Obarzanek E., et al. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med 1997, 336(16):1117-1124.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , Issue.16 , pp. 1117-1124
    • Appel, L.J.1    Moore, T.J.2    Obarzanek, E.3
  • 50
    • 0035804277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group
    • Sacks F.M., Svetkey L.P., Vollmer W.M., et al. Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med 2001, 344(1):3-10.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-10
    • Sacks, F.M.1    Svetkey, L.P.2    Vollmer, W.M.3
  • 51
    • 1842365433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of weight loss and sodium reduction intervention on blood pressure and hypertension incidence in overweight people with high-normal blood pressure. The Trials of Hypertension Prevention, phase II. The Trials of Hypertension Prevention Collaborative Research Group
    • Effects of weight loss and sodium reduction intervention on blood pressure and hypertension incidence in overweight people with high-normal blood pressure. The Trials of Hypertension Prevention, phase II. The Trials of Hypertension Prevention Collaborative Research Group. Arch Intern Med 1997, 157(6):657-667.
    • (1997) Arch Intern Med , vol.157 , Issue.6 , pp. 657-667
  • 52
    • 0035848346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of reduced sodium intake on hypertension control in older individuals: results from the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly (TONE)
    • Appel L.J., Espeland M.A., Easter L., et al. Effects of reduced sodium intake on hypertension control in older individuals: results from the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly (TONE). Arch Intern Med 2001, 161(5):685-693.
    • (2001) Arch Intern Med , vol.161 , Issue.5 , pp. 685-693
    • Appel, L.J.1    Espeland, M.A.2    Easter, L.3
  • 53
    • 14544297097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Department of Health and Human Services, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, Available at:, Accessed February 11, 2010
    • Dietary guidelines for Americans 2005, US Department of Health and Human Services, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, Available at:, Accessed February 11, 2010. http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/document/pdf/dga2005.pdf, 6th edition.
    • (2005) Dietary guidelines for Americans
  • 54
    • 63449111306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of lower sodium intake recommendations to adults-United States, 1999-2006
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Application of lower sodium intake recommendations to adults-United States, 1999-2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2009, 58(11):281-283.
    • (2009) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.58 , Issue.11 , pp. 281-283
  • 55
    • 77957730363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Heart Association, March 30, 2009. Available at:, Accessed February 10, 2010
    • American Heart Association IOM Committee on Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake March 30, 2009. Available at:, Accessed February 10, 2010. http://americanheart.org/downloadable/heart/1240425252727AHA%2520Statement%2520to%2520IOM%2520on%2520Strategies%2520to%2520Reduce%2520Sodium%2520Intake%2520033009.pdf.
    • IOM Committee on Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake
  • 56
    • 0027398305 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between dietary sodium intake, hemodynamics, and cardiac mass in SHR and WKY rats
    • Frohlich E.D., Chien Y., Sesoko S., et al. Relationship between dietary sodium intake, hemodynamics, and cardiac mass in SHR and WKY rats. Am J Physiol 1993, 264(1 Pt 2):R30-R34.
    • (1993) Am J Physiol , vol.264 , Issue.1 PART 2
    • Frohlich, E.D.1    Chien, Y.2    Sesoko, S.3
  • 57
    • 0027199471 scopus 로고
    • Influence of sodium intake on in vivo left ventricular anatomy in experimental renovascular hypertension
    • de Simone G., Devereux R.B., Camargo M.J., et al. Influence of sodium intake on in vivo left ventricular anatomy in experimental renovascular hypertension. Am J Physiol 1993, 264(6 Pt 2):H2103-H2110.
    • (1993) Am J Physiol , vol.264 , Issue.6 PART 2
    • de Simone, G.1    Devereux, R.B.2    Camargo, M.J.3
  • 58
    • 0029880710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of development of left ventricular hypertrophy in salt-loaded Dahl salt-sensitive rats by angiotensin II receptor inhibition
    • de Simone G., Devereux R.B., Camargo M.J., et al. Reduction of development of left ventricular hypertrophy in salt-loaded Dahl salt-sensitive rats by angiotensin II receptor inhibition. Am J Hypertens 1996, 9(3):216-222.
    • (1996) Am J Hypertens , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 216-222
    • de Simone, G.1    Devereux, R.B.2    Camargo, M.J.3
  • 59
    • 0347423198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure
    • Chobanian A.V., Bakris G.L., Black H.R., et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2003, 42(6):1206-1252.
    • (2003) Hypertension , vol.42 , Issue.6 , pp. 1206-1252
    • Chobanian, A.V.1    Bakris, G.L.2    Black, H.R.3
  • 60
    • 68349131420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usual versus tight control of systolic blood pressure in non-diabetic patients with hypertension (Cardio-Sis): an open-label randomised trial
    • Verdecchia P., Staessen J.A., Angeli F., et al. Usual versus tight control of systolic blood pressure in non-diabetic patients with hypertension (Cardio-Sis): an open-label randomised trial. Lancet 2009, 374(9689):525-533.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , Issue.9689 , pp. 525-533
    • Verdecchia, P.1    Staessen, J.A.2    Angeli, F.3
  • 61
    • 0018830907 scopus 로고
    • The antihypertensive effect of prazosin on mild to moderate hypertension, changes in plasma volume, extracellular volume and glomerular filtration rate
    • McNair A., Rasmussen S., Nielsen P.E., et al. The antihypertensive effect of prazosin on mild to moderate hypertension, changes in plasma volume, extracellular volume and glomerular filtration rate. Acta Med Scand 1980, 207(5):413-416.
    • (1980) Acta Med Scand , vol.207 , Issue.5 , pp. 413-416
    • McNair, A.1    Rasmussen, S.2    Nielsen, P.E.3
  • 62
    • 0023279393 scopus 로고
    • Effects of alpha 1 inhibition on renal blood flow and sympathetic nervous activity in systemic hypertension
    • Wilner K.D., Ziegler M.G. Effects of alpha 1 inhibition on renal blood flow and sympathetic nervous activity in systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1987, 59(14):82G-86G.
    • (1987) Am J Cardiol , vol.59 , Issue.14
    • Wilner, K.D.1    Ziegler, M.G.2
  • 63
    • 54449090520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of doxazosin on the left ventricular structure and function in morning hypertensive patients: the Japan Morning Surge 1 study
    • Matsui Y., Eguchi K., Shibasaki S., et al. Effect of doxazosin on the left ventricular structure and function in morning hypertensive patients: the Japan Morning Surge 1 study. J Hypertens 2008, 26(7):1463-1471.
    • (2008) J Hypertens , vol.26 , Issue.7 , pp. 1463-1471
    • Matsui, Y.1    Eguchi, K.2    Shibasaki, S.3
  • 64
    • 0038642326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of the effects of treatment on left ventricular mass in essential hypertension
    • Klingbeil A.U., Schneider M., Martus P., et al. A meta-analysis of the effects of treatment on left ventricular mass in essential hypertension. Am J Med 2003, 115(1):41-46.
    • (2003) Am J Med , vol.115 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-46
    • Klingbeil, A.U.1    Schneider, M.2    Martus, P.3
  • 65
    • 0037160968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol
    • Dahlof B., Devereux R.B., Kjeldsen S.E., et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002, 359(9311):995-1003.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , Issue.9311 , pp. 995-1003
    • Dahlof, B.1    Devereux, R.B.2    Kjeldsen, S.E.3
  • 66
    • 20044369896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II receptor blockade reduces new-onset atrial fibrillation and subsequent stroke compared to atenolol: the Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study
    • Wachtell K., Lehto M., Gerdts E., et al. Angiotensin II receptor blockade reduces new-onset atrial fibrillation and subsequent stroke compared to atenolol: the Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005, 45(5):712-719.
    • (2005) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.45 , Issue.5 , pp. 712-719
    • Wachtell, K.1    Lehto, M.2    Gerdts, E.3
  • 67
    • 33646680763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Losartan and prevention of atrial fibrillation recurrence in hypertensive patients
    • Fogari R., Mugellini A., Destro M., et al. Losartan and prevention of atrial fibrillation recurrence in hypertensive patients. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2006, 47(1):46-50.
    • (2006) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 46-50
    • Fogari, R.1    Mugellini, A.2    Destro, M.3
  • 68
    • 0036155603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of cardiac apoptosis in essential hypertension: potential role of angiotensin II
    • Gonzalez A., Lopez B., Ravassa S., et al. Stimulation of cardiac apoptosis in essential hypertension: potential role of angiotensin II. Hypertension 2002, 39(1):75-80.
    • (2002) Hypertension , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-80
    • Gonzalez, A.1    Lopez, B.2    Ravassa, S.3
  • 69
    • 0344373794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)
    • ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group, The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial
    • ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group, The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2002, 288(23):2981-2997.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , Issue.23 , pp. 2981-2997
  • 71
    • 51449099674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-blockers for primary prevention of heart failure in patients with hypertension insights from a meta-analysis
    • Bangalore S., Wild D., Parkar S., et al. Beta-blockers for primary prevention of heart failure in patients with hypertension insights from a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008, 52(13):1062-1072.
    • (2008) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.52 , Issue.13 , pp. 1062-1072
    • Bangalore, S.1    Wild, D.2    Parkar, S.3
  • 72
    • 64949190067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure reduction and renin-angiotensin system inhibition for prevention of congestive heart failure: a meta-analysis
    • Verdecchia P., Angeli F., Cavallini C., et al. Blood pressure reduction and renin-angiotensin system inhibition for prevention of congestive heart failure: a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2009, 30(6):679-688.
    • (2009) Eur Heart J , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 679-688
    • Verdecchia, P.1    Angeli, F.2    Cavallini, C.3
  • 73
    • 57349138291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients
    • Jamerson K., Weber M.A., Bakris G.L., et al. Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2008, 359(23):2417-2428.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , Issue.23 , pp. 2417-2428
    • Jamerson, K.1    Weber, M.A.2    Bakris, G.L.3
  • 75
    • 23044442340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adherence to medication
    • Osterberg L., Blaschke T. Adherence to medication. N Engl J Med 2005, 353(5):487-497.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , Issue.5 , pp. 487-497
    • Osterberg, L.1    Blaschke, T.2
  • 76
    • 0035797832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of cardiovascular risk by regression of electrocardiographic markers of left ventricular hypertrophy by the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril
    • Mathew J., Sleight P., Lonn E., et al. Reduction of cardiovascular risk by regression of electrocardiographic markers of left ventricular hypertrophy by the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril. Circulation 2001, 104(14):1615-1621.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , Issue.14 , pp. 1615-1621
    • Mathew, J.1    Sleight, P.2    Lonn, E.3
  • 77
    • 34548563848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with less hospitalization for heart failure in hypertensive patients
    • Okin P.M., Devereux R.B., Harris K.E., et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with less hospitalization for heart failure in hypertensive patients. Ann Intern Med 2007, 147(5):311-319.
    • (2007) Ann Intern Med , vol.147 , Issue.5 , pp. 311-319
    • Okin, P.M.1    Devereux, R.B.2    Harris, K.E.3
  • 78
    • 8544223585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during antihypertensive treatment and the prediction of major cardiovascular events
    • Okin P.M., Devereux R.B., Jern S., et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during antihypertensive treatment and the prediction of major cardiovascular events. JAMA 2004, 292(19):2343-2349.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , Issue.19 , pp. 2343-2349
    • Okin, P.M.1    Devereux, R.B.2    Jern, S.3
  • 79
    • 4544269713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regression of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy by losartan compared with atenolol: the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) trial
    • Devereux R.B., Dahlof B., Gerdts E., et al. Regression of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy by losartan compared with atenolol: the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) trial. Circulation 2004, 110(11):1456-1462.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , Issue.11 , pp. 1456-1462
    • Devereux, R.B.1    Dahlof, B.2    Gerdts, E.3
  • 80
    • 77953810908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greater regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during hydrochlorothiazide therapy in hypertensive patients
    • Okin P.M., Hille D.A., Kjeldsen S.E., et al. Greater regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during hydrochlorothiazide therapy in hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens 2010, 23(7):786-793.
    • (2010) Am J Hypertens , vol.23 , Issue.7 , pp. 786-793
    • Okin, P.M.1    Hille, D.A.2    Kjeldsen, S.E.3
  • 81
    • 21044433726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac structural and functional changes during long-term antihypertensive treatment with lacidipine and atenolol in the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA)
    • Agabiti-Rosei E., Trimarco B., Muiesan M.L., et al. Cardiac structural and functional changes during long-term antihypertensive treatment with lacidipine and atenolol in the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA). J Hypertens 2005, 23(5):1091-1098.
    • (2005) J Hypertens , vol.23 , Issue.5 , pp. 1091-1098
    • Agabiti-Rosei, E.1    Trimarco, B.2    Muiesan, M.L.3
  • 82
    • 2942756021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex-related difference in regression of left ventricular hypertrophy with antihypertensive treatment: the LIFE study
    • Bella J.N., Palmieri V., Wachtell K., et al. Sex-related difference in regression of left ventricular hypertrophy with antihypertensive treatment: the LIFE study. J Hum Hypertens 2004, 18(6):411-416.
    • (2004) J Hum Hypertens , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 411-416
    • Bella, J.N.1    Palmieri, V.2    Wachtell, K.3
  • 83
    • 18844424323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Irbesartan and atenolol improve diastolic function in patients with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy
    • Muller-Brunotte R., Edner M., Malmqvist K., et al. Irbesartan and atenolol improve diastolic function in patients with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy. J Hypertens 2005, 23(3):633-640.
    • (2005) J Hypertens , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 633-640
    • Muller-Brunotte, R.1    Edner, M.2    Malmqvist, K.3
  • 84
    • 0035143871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of amlodipine and lisinopril on left ventricular mass and diastolic function in elderly, previously untreated hypertensive patients: the ELVERA trial
    • Terpstra W.F., May J.F., Smit A.J., et al. Long-term effects of amlodipine and lisinopril on left ventricular mass and diastolic function in elderly, previously untreated hypertensive patients: the ELVERA trial. J Hypertens 2001, 19(2):303-309.
    • (2001) J Hypertens , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 303-309
    • Terpstra, W.F.1    May, J.F.2    Smit, A.J.3
  • 85
    • 0034687149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lisinopril-mediated regression of myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertensive heart disease
    • Brilla C.G., Funck R.C., Rupp H. Lisinopril-mediated regression of myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertensive heart disease. Circulation 2000, 102(12):1388-1393.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , Issue.12 , pp. 1388-1393
    • Brilla, C.G.1    Funck, R.C.2    Rupp, H.3
  • 86
    • 0037188574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Losartan-dependent regression of myocardial fibrosis is associated with reduction of left ventricular chamber stiffness in hypertensive patients
    • Diez J., Querejeta R., Lopez B., et al. Losartan-dependent regression of myocardial fibrosis is associated with reduction of left ventricular chamber stiffness in hypertensive patients. Circulation 2002, 105(21):2512-2517.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , Issue.21 , pp. 2512-2517
    • Diez, J.1    Querejeta, R.2    Lopez, B.3
  • 87
    • 3543086880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different effects of antihypertensive therapies based on losartan or atenolol on ultrasound and biochemical markers of myocardial fibrosis: results of a randomized trial
    • Ciulla M.M., Paliotti R., Esposito A., et al. Different effects of antihypertensive therapies based on losartan or atenolol on ultrasound and biochemical markers of myocardial fibrosis: results of a randomized trial. Circulation 2004, 110(5):552-557.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , Issue.5 , pp. 552-557
    • Ciulla, M.M.1    Paliotti, R.2    Esposito, A.3
  • 88
    • 0033133517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Losartan improves exercise tolerance in patients with diastolic dysfunction and a hypertensive response to exercise
    • Warner J.G., Metzger D.C., Kitzman D.W., et al. Losartan improves exercise tolerance in patients with diastolic dysfunction and a hypertensive response to exercise. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999, 33(6):1567-1572.
    • (1999) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.33 , Issue.6 , pp. 1567-1572
    • Warner, J.G.1    Metzger, D.C.2    Kitzman, D.W.3
  • 89
    • 0025129567 scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of verapamil for congestive heart failure associated with abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling and normal left ventricular systolic performance
    • Setaro J.F., Zaret B.L., Schulman D.S., et al. Usefulness of verapamil for congestive heart failure associated with abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling and normal left ventricular systolic performance. Am J Cardiol 1990, 66(12):981-986.
    • (1990) Am J Cardiol , vol.66 , Issue.12 , pp. 981-986
    • Setaro, J.F.1    Zaret, B.L.2    Schulman, D.S.3
  • 90
    • 0041408234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction: the CHARM-Preserved Trial
    • Yusuf S., Pfeffer M.A., Swedberg K., et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction: the CHARM-Preserved Trial. Lancet 2003, 362(9386):777-781.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , Issue.9386 , pp. 777-781
    • Yusuf, S.1    Pfeffer, M.A.2    Swedberg, K.3
  • 91
    • 33745446787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of digoxin on morbidity and mortality in diastolic heart failure: the ancillary digitalis investigation group trial
    • Ahmed A., Rich M.W., Fleg J.L., et al. Effects of digoxin on morbidity and mortality in diastolic heart failure: the ancillary digitalis investigation group trial. Circulation 2006, 114(5):397-403.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.114 , Issue.5 , pp. 397-403
    • Ahmed, A.1    Rich, M.W.2    Fleg, J.L.3
  • 92
    • 33748988737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Perindopril in Elderly People with Chronic Heart Failure (PEP-CHF) study
    • Cleland J.G., Tendera M., Adamus J., et al. The Perindopril in Elderly People with Chronic Heart Failure (PEP-CHF) study. Eur Heart J 2006, 27(19):2338-2345.
    • (2006) Eur Heart J , vol.27 , Issue.19 , pp. 2338-2345
    • Cleland, J.G.1    Tendera, M.2    Adamus, J.3
  • 93
    • 57349142933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Irbesartan in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
    • Massie B.M., Carson P.E., McMurray J.J., et al. Irbesartan in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 2008, 359(23):2456-2467.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , Issue.23 , pp. 2456-2467
    • Massie, B.M.1    Carson, P.E.2    McMurray, J.J.3
  • 95
    • 34548525319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to diagnose diastolic heart failure: a consensus statement on the diagnosis of heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction by the Heart Failure and Echocardiography Associations of the European Society of Cardiology
    • Paulus W.J., Tschope C., Sanderson J.E., et al. How to diagnose diastolic heart failure: a consensus statement on the diagnosis of heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction by the Heart Failure and Echocardiography Associations of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2007, 28(20):2539-2550.
    • (2007) Eur Heart J , vol.28 , Issue.20 , pp. 2539-2550
    • Paulus, W.J.1    Tschope, C.2    Sanderson, J.E.3
  • 96
    • 47849087223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: treat now by treating comorbidities
    • Shah S.J., Gheorghiade M. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: treat now by treating comorbidities. JAMA 2008, 300(4):431-433.
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.300 , Issue.4 , pp. 431-433
    • Shah, S.J.1    Gheorghiade, M.2
  • 97
    • 65549154913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation
    • Jessup M., Abraham W.T., Casey D.E., et al. 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Circulation 2009, 119(14):1977-2016.
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.119 , Issue.14 , pp. 1977-2016
    • Jessup, M.1    Abraham, W.T.2    Casey, D.E.3
  • 98
    • 66649100010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis: beta-blocker dose, heart rate reduction, and death in patients with heart failure
    • McAlister F.A., Wiebe N., Ezekowitz J.A., et al. Meta-analysis: beta-blocker dose, heart rate reduction, and death in patients with heart failure. Ann Intern Med 2009, 150(11):784-794.
    • (2009) Ann Intern Med , vol.150 , Issue.11 , pp. 784-794
    • McAlister, F.A.1    Wiebe, N.2    Ezekowitz, J.A.3
  • 99
    • 2542492890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severity of left ventricular remodeling defines outcomes and response to therapy in heart failure: Valsartan heart failure trial (Val-HeFT) echocardiographic data
    • Wong M., Staszewsky L., Latini R., et al. Severity of left ventricular remodeling defines outcomes and response to therapy in heart failure: Valsartan heart failure trial (Val-HeFT) echocardiographic data. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004, 43(11):2022-2027.
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.43 , Issue.11 , pp. 2022-2027
    • Wong, M.1    Staszewsky, L.2    Latini, R.3
  • 100
    • 0041408235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Added trial
    • McMurray J.J., Ostergren J., Swedberg K., et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Added trial. Lancet 2003, 362(9386):767-771.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , Issue.9386 , pp. 767-771
    • McMurray, J.J.1    Ostergren, J.2    Swedberg, K.3
  • 101
    • 55949112567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum potassium and clinical outcomes in the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS)
    • Pitt B., Bakris G., Ruilope L.M., et al. Serum potassium and clinical outcomes in the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS). Circulation 2008, 118(16):1643-1650.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.118 , Issue.16 , pp. 1643-1650
    • Pitt, B.1    Bakris, G.2    Ruilope, L.M.3
  • 102
    • 69649096069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digoxin therapy does not improve outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure on contemporary medical therapy
    • Georgiopoulou V.V., Kalogeropoulos A.P., Giamouzis G., et al. Digoxin therapy does not improve outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure on contemporary medical therapy. Circ Heart Fail 2009, 2(2):90-97.
    • (2009) Circ Heart Fail , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 90-97
    • Georgiopoulou, V.V.1    Kalogeropoulos, A.P.2    Giamouzis, G.3
  • 103
    • 0022623381 scopus 로고
    • Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure. Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study
    • Cohn J.N., Archibald D.G., Ziesche S., et al. Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure. Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med 1986, 314(24):1547-1552.
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.314 , Issue.24 , pp. 1547-1552
    • Cohn, J.N.1    Archibald, D.G.2    Ziesche, S.3
  • 104
    • 0025770138 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure
    • Cohn J.N., Johnson G., Ziesche S., et al. A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991, 325(5):303-310.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , Issue.5 , pp. 303-310
    • Cohn, J.N.1    Johnson, G.2    Ziesche, S.3
  • 105
    • 0032836517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in response to therapy for heart failure: analysis of the vasodilator-heart failure trials. Vasodilator-Heart Failure Trial Study Group
    • Carson P., Ziesche S., Johnson G., et al. Racial differences in response to therapy for heart failure: analysis of the vasodilator-heart failure trials. Vasodilator-Heart Failure Trial Study Group. J Card Fail 1999, 5(3):178-187.
    • (1999) J Card Fail , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 178-187
    • Carson, P.1    Ziesche, S.2    Johnson, G.3
  • 106
    • 19644400578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine in blacks with heart failure
    • Taylor A.L., Ziesche S., Yancy C., et al. Combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine in blacks with heart failure. N Engl J Med 2004, 351(20):2049-2057.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , Issue.20 , pp. 2049-2057
    • Taylor, A.L.1    Ziesche, S.2    Yancy, C.3
  • 107
    • 0032721104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and unexplained syncope treated with an implantable defibrillator
    • Knight B.P., Goyal R., Pelosi F., et al. Outcome of patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and unexplained syncope treated with an implantable defibrillator. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999, 33(7):1964-1970.
    • (1999) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.33 , Issue.7 , pp. 1964-1970
    • Knight, B.P.1    Goyal, R.2    Pelosi, F.3
  • 108
    • 19944429413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure
    • Bardy G.H., Lee K.L., Mark D.B., et al. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 2005, 352(3):225-237.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , Issue.3 , pp. 225-237
    • Bardy, G.H.1    Lee, K.L.2    Mark, D.B.3
  • 109
    • 0037149716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction
    • Moss A.J., Zareba W., Hall W.J., et al. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 2002, 346(12):877-883.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , Issue.12 , pp. 877-883
    • Moss, A.J.1    Zareba, W.2    Hall, W.J.3
  • 110
    • 2442572117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy
    • Kadish A., Dyer A., Daubert J.P., et al. Prophylactic defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 2004, 350(21):2151-2158.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.350 , Issue.21 , pp. 2151-2158
    • Kadish, A.1    Dyer, A.2    Daubert, J.P.3
  • 111
    • 0037071808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure
    • Abraham W.T., Fisher W.G., Smith A.L., et al. Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2002, 346(24):1845-1853.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , Issue.24 , pp. 1845-1853
    • Abraham, W.T.1    Fisher, W.G.2    Smith, A.L.3
  • 112
    • 4143055922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidisciplinary strategies for the management of heart failure patients at high risk for admission: a systematic review of randomized trials
    • McAlister F.A., Stewart S., Ferrua S., et al. Multidisciplinary strategies for the management of heart failure patients at high risk for admission: a systematic review of randomized trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004, 44(4):810-819.
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 810-819
    • McAlister, F.A.1    Stewart, S.2    Ferrua, S.3
  • 113
    • 38949140984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal-sodium diet compared with low-sodium diet in compensated congestive heart failure: is sodium an old enemy or a new friend?
    • Paterna S., Gaspare P., Fasullo S., et al. Normal-sodium diet compared with low-sodium diet in compensated congestive heart failure: is sodium an old enemy or a new friend?. Clin Sci (Lond) 2008, 114(3):221-230.
    • (2008) Clin Sci (Lond) , vol.114 , Issue.3 , pp. 221-230
    • Paterna, S.1    Gaspare, P.2    Fasullo, S.3
  • 114
    • 0032030650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protocol and patient factors in effectiveness in the improvement in exercise tolerance. European Heart Failure Training Group
    • Experience from controlled trials of physical training in chronic heart failure
    • Experience from controlled trials of physical training in chronic heart failure Protocol and patient factors in effectiveness in the improvement in exercise tolerance. European Heart Failure Training Group. Eur Heart J 1998, 19(3):466-475.
    • (1998) Eur Heart J , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 466-475
  • 115
    • 0036306429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of exercise training in patients with heart failure: the Exercise Rehabilitation Trial (EXERT)
    • McKelvie R.S., Teo K.K., Roberts R., et al. Effects of exercise training in patients with heart failure: the Exercise Rehabilitation Trial (EXERT). Am Heart J 2002, 144(1):23-30.
    • (2002) Am Heart J , vol.144 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-30
    • McKelvie, R.S.1    Teo, K.K.2    Roberts, R.3
  • 116
    • 0028916564 scopus 로고
    • Physical training in patients with stable chronic heart failure: effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and ultrastructural abnormalities of leg muscles
    • Hambrecht R., Niebauer J., Fiehn E., et al. Physical training in patients with stable chronic heart failure: effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and ultrastructural abnormalities of leg muscles. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995, 25(6):1239-1249.
    • (1995) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 1239-1249
    • Hambrecht, R.1    Niebauer, J.2    Fiehn, E.3
  • 117
    • 0742287196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise training meta-analysis of trials in patients with chronic heart failure (ExTraMATCH)
    • Piepoli M.F., Davos C., Francis D.P., et al. Exercise training meta-analysis of trials in patients with chronic heart failure (ExTraMATCH). BMJ 2004, 328(7433):189.
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.328 , Issue.7433 , pp. 189
    • Piepoli, M.F.1    Davos, C.2    Francis, D.P.3
  • 118
    • 64249125022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial
    • O'Connor C.M., Whellan D.J., Lee K.L., et al. Efficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2009, 301(14):1439-1450.
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.301 , Issue.14 , pp. 1439-1450
    • O'Connor, C.M.1    Whellan, D.J.2    Lee, K.L.3
  • 119
    • 64249151167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of exercise training on health status in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial
    • Flynn K.E., Pina I.L., Whellan D.J., et al. Effects of exercise training on health status in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2009, 301(14):1451-1459.
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.301 , Issue.14 , pp. 1451-1459
    • Flynn, K.E.1    Pina, I.L.2    Whellan, D.J.3
  • 120
    • 33746833635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation-executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibri
    • Fuster V., Ryden L.E., Cannom D.S., et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation-executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation). J Am Coll Cardiol 2006, 48(4):854-906.
    • (2006) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.48 , Issue.4 , pp. 854-906
    • Fuster, V.1    Ryden, L.E.2    Cannom, D.S.3
  • 121
    • 33748642599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Preventio
    • Zipes D.P., Camm A.J., Borggrefe M., et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death). J Am Coll Cardiol 2006, 48(5):e247-e346.
    • (2006) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.48 , Issue.5
    • Zipes, D.P.1    Camm, A.J.2    Borggrefe, M.3
  • 122
    • 34249655660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of hypertension in the prevention and management of ischemic heart disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology and Epidemiology and Prevention
    • Rosendorff C., Black H.R., Cannon C.P., et al. Treatment of hypertension in the prevention and management of ischemic heart disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology and Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation 2007, 115(21):2761-2788.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , Issue.21 , pp. 2761-2788
    • Rosendorff, C.1    Black, H.R.2    Cannon, C.P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.