메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 373-398

Approach to the Patient with Constipation

Author keywords

Chronic constipation heterogeneous disorder; Clinical evaluation of chronic constipation; Complications of constipation; Epidemiology; Etiology, subtypes, and pathophysiology of chronic constipation; Psychological distress, abuse, and impact on quality of life; Treatment of chronic constipation

Indexed keywords


EID: 77957579958     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781444300758.ch20     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (3)

References (267)
  • 1
    • 0035179716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An epidemiological survey of constipation in Canada: definitions, rates, demographics, and predictors of health care seeking.
    • Pare P, Ferrazzi S, Thompson D, et al. An epidemiological survey of constipation in Canada: definitions, rates, demographics, and predictors of health care seeking. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:3130.
    • (2001) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.96 , pp. 3130
    • Pare, P.1    Ferrazzi, S.2    Thompson, D.3
  • 2
    • 0009207860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A large US national epidemiological study of constipation.
    • Stewart WF, Liberman G, Sandler RS, et al. A large US national epidemiological study of constipation. Gastroenterology 1998;114:A44.
    • (1998) Gastroenterology , vol.114
    • Stewart, W.F.1    Liberman, G.2    Sandler, R.S.3
  • 3
    • 0024316218 scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal survey of self-reported bowel habits in the United States.
    • Pare P, Ferrazzi S, Thompson WG. A longitudinal survey of self-reported bowel habits in the United States. Dig Dis Sci 1989;34:1153.
    • (1989) Dig Dis Sci , vol.34 , pp. 1153
    • Pare, P.1    Ferrazzi, S.2    Thompson, W.G.3
  • 4
    • 0030059720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constipation in an elderly community: a study of prevelance and potential risk factors.
    • Talley NJ, Fleming KC, Evans JM, et al. Constipation in an elderly community: a study of prevelance and potential risk factors. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:19.
    • (1996) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.91 , pp. 19
    • Talley, N.J.1    Fleming, K.C.2    Evans, J.M.3
  • 6
    • 0024478044 scopus 로고
    • Physician visits in the United States for constipation: 1958 to 1986.
    • Sonnenberg A, Koch TR. Physician visits in the United States for constipation: 1958 to 1986. Dig Dis Sci 1989;34:606.
    • (1989) Dig Dis Sci , vol.34 , pp. 606
    • Sonnenberg, A.1    Koch, T.R.2
  • 7
    • 33646447340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome: epidemiology, presentation and diagnosis.
    • Talley NJ. Chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome: epidemiology, presentation and diagnosis. Johns Hopkins Adv Stud Med 2006;6:S225.
    • (2006) Johns Hopkins Adv Stud Med , vol.6
    • Talley, N.J.1
  • 8
    • 0026567833 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in the elderly: a population based study.
    • Talley NJ, O'Keefe EA, Zinsmeister AR, Melton LJ. Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in the elderly: a population based study. Gastroenterology 1992;102:895.
    • (1992) Gastroenterology , vol.102 , pp. 895
    • Talley, N.J.1    O'Keefe, E.A.2    Zinsmeister, A.R.3    Melton, L.J.4
  • 9
    • 0027185528 scopus 로고
    • US Householder Survey of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Prevalence, sociodemo-graphy and health impact.
    • Drossman DA, Li Z, Andruzzi E, et al. US Householder Survey of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Prevalence, sociodemo-graphy and health impact. Dig Dis Sci 1993;38:1569.
    • (1993) Dig Dis Sci , vol.38 , pp. 1569
    • Drossman, D.A.1    Li, Z.2    Andruzzi, E.3
  • 10
    • 2442629629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of constipation in North America: a systematic review.
    • Higgins PD, Johanson JF. Epidemiology of constipation in North America: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:750.
    • (2004) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.99 , pp. 750
    • Higgins, P.D.1    Johanson, J.F.2
  • 11
    • 0030044724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bowel habit in relation to age and gender. Findings from the National Health Interview Survey and clinical implications.
    • Harari D, Gurwitz JH, Avorn J, et al. Bowel habit in relation to age and gender. Findings from the National Health Interview Survey and clinical implications. Arch Intern Med 1996;156:315.
    • (1996) Arch Intern Med , vol.156 , pp. 315
    • Harari, D.1    Gurwitz, J.H.2    Avorn, J.3
  • 13
    • 33646189604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender, age, society, culture, and the patient's perspective in the functional gastrointestinal disorders.
    • Chang L, Toner BB, Fukudo S, et al. Gender, age, society, culture, and the patient's perspective in the functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gastroenterology 2006;130:1435.
    • (2006) Gastroenterology , vol.130 , pp. 1435
    • Chang, L.1    Toner, B.B.2    Fukudo, S.3
  • 14
    • 4143078043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dyssynergic defecation: demographics, symptoms, stool patterns, and quality of life.
    • Rao SS, Tuteja AK, Vellema T, et al. Dyssynergic defecation: demographics, symptoms, stool patterns, and quality of life. J Clin Gastroenterol 2004;38:680.
    • (2004) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.38 , pp. 680
    • Rao, S.S.1    Tuteja, A.K.2    Vellema, T.3
  • 15
    • 33744789713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet, physical inactivity and the prevalence of constipation throughout and after pregnancy.
    • Derbyshire E, Davies J, Costarelli V, Dettmar P. Diet, physical inactivity and the prevalence of constipation throughout and after pregnancy. Matern Child Nutr 2006;2:127.
    • (2006) Matern Child Nutr , vol.2 , pp. 127
    • Derbyshire, E.1    Davies, J.2    Costarelli, V.3    Dettmar, P.4
  • 16
    • 84889796350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a genetic component in chronic functional constipation?
    • Coremans EA. Is there a genetic component in chronic functional constipation? Gastroenterology 2005;128 Supp.2:S1867.
    • (2005) Gastroenterology , vol.128 , Issue.SUPP. 2
    • Coremans, E.A.1
  • 18
    • 0026630460 scopus 로고
    • Onset and disappearance of gastrointestinal symptoms and functional gastrointestinal disorders.
    • Talley NJ, Waever AL, Zinsmeister AR, Melton LJ. Onset and disappearance of gastrointestinal symptoms and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Am J Epidemiol 1992;136:165.
    • (1992) Am J Epidemiol , vol.136 , pp. 165
    • Talley, N.J.1    Waever, A.L.2    Zinsmeister, A.R.3    Melton, L.J.4
  • 19
    • 0344496200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overlapping upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome patients with constipation or diarrhea.
    • Talley NJ, Dennis EH, Schettler-Duncan VA, et al. Overlapping upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome patients with constipation or diarrhea. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:2454.
    • (2003) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.98 , pp. 2454
    • Talley, N.J.1    Dennis, E.H.2    Schettler-Duncan, V.A.3
  • 21
    • 22244442750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The health-related quality of life and economic burden of constipation.
    • Dennison C, Prasad M, Lloyd A, et al. The health-related quality of life and economic burden of constipation. Pharmacoeconomics 2005;23:461.
    • (2005) Pharmacoeconomics , vol.23 , pp. 461
    • Dennison, C.1    Prasad, M.2    Lloyd, A.3
  • 22
    • 0037711633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constipation: evaluation and treatment.
    • Rao SS. Constipation: evaluation and treatment. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2003;32:659.
    • (2003) Gastroenterol Clin North Am , vol.32 , pp. 659
    • Rao, S.S.1
  • 23
    • 33846462053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct medical costs of constipation in the United States.
    • Martin BC, Barghout V, Cerulli A. Direct medical costs of constipation in the United States. Manag Care Interface 2006;19:43.
    • (2006) Manag Care Interface , vol.19 , pp. 43
    • Martin, B.C.1    Barghout, V.2    Cerulli, A.3
  • 24
    • 35748929683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adults with constipation account for significant use of healthcare resources and costs of care.
    • Singh G, Lingala V, Wang H, et al. Adults with constipation account for significant use of healthcare resources and costs of care. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;5:1053.
    • (2007) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.5 , pp. 1053
    • Singh, G.1    Lingala, V.2    Wang, H.3
  • 26
    • 0036897008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological state and quality of life in patients having behavioral treatment (biofeedback) for intractable constipation.
    • Mason HJ, Serrano-Ikkos E, Kamm MA. Psychological state and quality of life in patients having behavioral treatment (biofeedback) for intractable constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:3154.
    • (2002) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.97 , pp. 3154
    • Mason, H.J.1    Serrano-Ikkos, E.2    Kamm, M.A.3
  • 27
    • 0033915006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological disorders in patients with evacuation disorders and constipation in a tertiary practice.
    • Nehra V, Bruce BK, Rath-Harvey DM, et al. Psychological disorders in patients with evacuation disorders and constipation in a tertiary practice. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:1755.
    • (2000) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.95 , pp. 1755
    • Nehra, V.1    Bruce, B.K.2    Rath-Harvey, D.M.3
  • 28
    • 34648847070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological profiles and quality of life differ in patients with dyssynergia and those with slow transit constipation.
    • Rao SS, Kinkade K, Schulze K, et al. Psychological profiles and quality of life differ in patients with dyssynergia and those with slow transit constipation. J Psychosom Res 2007;63:441.
    • (2007) J Psychosom Res , vol.63 , pp. 441
    • Rao, S.S.1    Kinkade, K.2    Schulze, K.3
  • 29
    • 0028882135 scopus 로고
    • Sexual and physical abuse and gastrointestinal illness. Review and recommendations.
    • Drossman DA, Talley NJ, Gelfand MD. Sexual and physical abuse and gastrointestinal illness. Review and recommendations. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:782.
    • (1995) Ann Intern Med , vol.123 , pp. 782
    • Drossman, D.A.1    Talley, N.J.2    Gelfand, M.D.3
  • 30
    • 0029117661 scopus 로고
    • Anismus as a marker of sexual abuse. Consequences of abuse on anorectal motility.
    • Leroi AM, Berkelmans I, Denis P, et al. Anismus as a marker of sexual abuse. Consequences of abuse on anorectal motility. Dig Dis Sci 1995;40:1411.
    • (1995) Dig Dis Sci , vol.40 , pp. 1411
    • Leroi, A.M.1    Berkelmans, I.2    Denis, P.3
  • 31
    • 0035006761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of health care seeking for irritable bowel syndrome and nonulcer dyspepsia: a critical review of the literature on symptom and psychosocial factors.
    • Koloski NA, Talley NJ, Boyce PM. Predictors of health care seeking for irritable bowel syndrome and nonulcer dyspepsia: a critical review of the literature on symptom and psychosocial factors. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:1340.
    • (2001) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.96 , pp. 1340
    • Koloski, N.A.1    Talley, N.J.2    Boyce, P.M.3
  • 32
    • 2442686476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual and physical abuse are not associated with rectal hypersensitivity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
    • Ringel Y, Whitehead WE, Toner BB. Sexual and physical abuse are not associated with rectal hypersensitivity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 2004;53:838.
    • (2004) Gut , vol.53 , pp. 838
    • Ringel, Y.1    Whitehead, W.E.2    Toner, B.B.3
  • 33
    • 0032758487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical value of symptom assessment in patients with constipation.
    • Glia A, Lindberg F, Nilsson LH, et al. Clinical value of symptom assessment in patients with constipation. Dis Colon Rectum 1999; 42: 1401.
    • (1999) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.42 , pp. 1401
    • Glia, A.1    Lindberg, F.2    Nilsson, L.H.3
  • 34
    • 0036677477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health-related quality of life in functional GI disorders: focus on constipation and resource utilization.
    • Irvine EJ, Ferrazzi S, Pare P, et al. Health-related quality of life in functional GI disorders: focus on constipation and resource utilization. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:1986.
    • (2002) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.97 , pp. 1986
    • Irvine, E.J.1    Ferrazzi, S.2    Pare, P.3
  • 35
    • 0029873956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constipation: a different entity for patients and doctors.
    • Herz MJ, Kahan E, Zalevski S, et al. Constipation: a different entity for patients and doctors. Fam Pract 1996;13:156.
    • (1996) Fam Pract , vol.13 , pp. 156
    • Herz, M.J.1    Kahan, E.2    Zalevski, S.3
  • 36
    • 0023263470 scopus 로고
    • Bowel habits in young adults not seeking healthcare.
    • Sandler RS, Drossman DA. Bowel habits in young adults not seeking healthcare. Dig Dis Sci 1987;32:841.
    • (1987) Dig Dis Sci , vol.32 , pp. 841
    • Sandler, R.S.1    Drossman, D.A.2
  • 37
    • 0030068709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An examination of the reliability of reported stool frequency in the diagnosis of idiopathic constipation.
    • Ashraf W, Park F, Quigley EMM, Lof J. An examination of the reliability of reported stool frequency in the diagnosis of idiopathic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:26.
    • (1996) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.91 , pp. 26
    • Ashraf, W.1    Park, F.2    Quigley, E.M.M.3    Lof, J.4
  • 39
    • 0032829725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional bowel disorders and functional abdominal pain.
    • Thompson WG, Longstreth GF, Drossman DA, et al. Functional bowel disorders and functional abdominal pain. Gut 1999;45:1143.
    • (1999) Gut , vol.45 , pp. 1143
    • Thompson, W.G.1    Longstreth, G.F.2    Drossman, D.A.3
  • 43
    • 22844441856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review on the management of chronic constipation in North America.
    • Brandt LJ, Prather CM, Quigley EM, et al. Systematic review on the management of chronic constipation in North America. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100(Suppl. 1):S5.
    • (2005) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.100 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Brandt, L.J.1    Prather, C.M.2    Quigley, E.M.3
  • 44
    • 0024999930 scopus 로고
    • Behavioural modification of colonic function: can constipation be learned?
    • Klauser AG, Voderholzer WA, Heinrich CA, et al. Behavioural modification of colonic function: can constipation be learned? Dig Dis Sci 1990;35:1271.
    • (1990) Dig Dis Sci , vol.35 , pp. 1271
    • Klauser, A.G.1    Voderholzer, W.A.2    Heinrich, C.A.3
  • 45
    • 79952368520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anorectal cortical function is impaired in patients with dyssynergic defecation.
    • Remes-Troche JM, Paulson J, Yamada T, et al. Anorectal cortical function is impaired in patients with dyssynergic defecation. Gastroenterology 2007;108:A20.
    • (2007) Gastroenterology , vol.108
    • Remes-Troche, J.M.1    Paulson, J.2    Yamada, T.3
  • 46
    • 0030044468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is constipation a disorder of defecation or impaired motility? Distinction based on defecography and colonic transit studies.
    • Karasick S, Ehrlich SM. Is constipation a disorder of defecation or impaired motility? Distinction based on defecography and colonic transit studies. Am J Roentgenol 1996;166:63.
    • (1996) Am J Roentgenol , vol.166 , pp. 63
    • Karasick, S.1    Ehrlich, S.M.2
  • 48
    • 24044441883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: state of the art.
    • Tillisch K, Chang L. Diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: state of the art. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2005;7:249.
    • (2005) Curr Gastroenterol Rep , vol.7 , pp. 249
    • Tillisch, K.1    Chang, L.2
  • 49
    • 84889846408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is methanogenic flora associated with chronic constipation and altered colonic transit and stool characteristics?
    • Attaluri A. Is methanogenic flora associated with chronic constipation and altered colonic transit and stool characteristics? Gastroenterology 2007;132(Suppl. 2):T1945.
    • (2007) Gastroenterology , vol.132 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Attaluri, A.1
  • 50
    • 0033636668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eradication of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.
    • Pimentel M, Chow EJ, Lin HC. Eradication of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:3503.
    • (2000) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.95 , pp. 3503
    • Pimentel, M.1    Chow, E.J.2    Lin, H.C.3
  • 51
    • 33750721328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of a nonabsorbed oral antibiotic (rifaximin) on the symptoms of the irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized trial.
    • Pimentel M, Park S, Mirocha J, et al. The effect of a nonabsorbed oral antibiotic (rifaximin) on the symptoms of the irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2006;145:557.
    • (2006) Ann Intern Med , vol.145 , pp. 557
    • Pimentel, M.1    Park, S.2    Mirocha, J.3
  • 52
    • 0025741347 scopus 로고
    • Physiology and pathophysiology of colonic motor activity. Part 2.
    • Sarna SK. Physiology and pathophysiology of colonic motor activity. Part 2. Dig Dis Sci 1991;36:998.
    • (1991) Dig Dis Sci , vol.36 , pp. 998
    • Sarna, S.K.1
  • 53
    • 0024592877 scopus 로고
    • Colonic motor response to eating: a manometric investigation in proximal and distal portion of the viscus in man.
    • Bassotti G, Betti C, Imbimbo BP, et al. Colonic motor response to eating: a manometric investigation in proximal and distal portion of the viscus in man. Am J Gastroenterol 1989;84:118.
    • (1989) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.84 , pp. 118
    • Bassotti, G.1    Betti, C.2    Imbimbo, B.P.3
  • 54
    • 0034080718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fat and carbohydrate meals on colonic motor response.
    • Rao SS, Kavelock R, Beaty J, et al. Effects of fat and carbohydrate meals on colonic motor response. Gut 2000;46:205.
    • (2000) Gut , vol.46 , pp. 205
    • Rao, S.S.1    Kavelock, R.2    Beaty, J.3
  • 56
    • 0033014559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of acute graded exercise on human colonic motility.
    • Rao SS, Beaty J, Chamberlain M, et al. Effects of acute graded exercise on human colonic motility. Am J Physiol 1999;276:G1221.
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.276
    • Rao, S.S.1    Beaty, J.2    Chamberlain, M.3
  • 57
    • 0002567917 scopus 로고
    • Human colonic motility: a comparative study of normal subjects, patients with ulcerative colitis and patients with irritable bowel syndrome. a resting pattern of motility.
    • Chaudhary NA, Truelone SC. Human colonic motility: a comparative study of normal subjects, patients with ulcerative colitis and patients with irritable bowel syndrome. a resting pattern of motility. Gastroenterology 1961;40:11.
    • (1961) Gastroenterology , vol.40 , pp. 11
    • Chaudhary, N.A.1    Truelone, S.C.2
  • 58
    • 0021914651 scopus 로고
    • Increased colonic motility during exposure to a stressful situation.
    • Narducci F, Snape WJ, Battle WM, et al. Increased colonic motility during exposure to a stressful situation. Dig Dis Sci 1985;30:40.
    • (1985) Dig Dis Sci , vol.30 , pp. 40
    • Narducci, F.1    Snape, W.J.2    Battle, W.M.3
  • 59
    • 11144282403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambulatory 24-h colonic manometry in slow-transit constipation.
    • Rao SS, Sadeghi P, Beaty J, Kavlock R. Ambulatory 24-h colonic manometry in slow-transit constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 2004; 99:2405.
    • (2004) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.99 , pp. 2405
    • Rao, S.S.1    Sadeghi, P.2    Beaty, J.3    Kavlock, R.4
  • 60
    • 18944384816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal aspects of colorectal motility and abnormalities in slow transit constipation.
    • Bassotti G, de Roberto G, Castellani D, et al. Normal aspects of colorectal motility and abnormalities in slow transit constipation. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:2691.
    • (2005) World J Gastroenterol , vol.11 , pp. 2691
    • Bassotti, G.1    De Roberto, G.2    Castellani, D.3
  • 61
    • 4243603347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specialized propagating contractions (SPC) in health and constipation.
    • Rao SS, Sadeghi P, Kavlock R, Leistikow J. Specialized propagating contractions (SPC) in health and constipation. Gastroenterology 1999;116:G4635.
    • (1999) Gastroenterology , vol.116
    • Rao, S.S.1    Sadeghi, P.2    Kavlock, R.3    Leistikow, J.4
  • 62
    • 0028070934 scopus 로고
    • Anorectal manometric abnormalities and colonic propulsive impairment in patients with severe chronic idiopathic constipation.
    • Bassotti G, Chirarioni G, Vantini I, et al. Anorectal manometric abnormalities and colonic propulsive impairment in patients with severe chronic idiopathic constipation. Dig Dis Sci 1994;39:1558.
    • (1994) Dig Dis Sci , vol.39 , pp. 1558
    • Bassotti, G.1    Chirarioni, G.2    Vantini, I.3
  • 63
    • 0029932901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periodic rectal motor activity: the intrinsic colonic gatekeeper?
    • Rao SS, Welcher K. Periodic rectal motor activity: the intrinsic colonic gatekeeper? Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:890.
    • (1996) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.91 , pp. 890
    • Rao, S.S.1    Welcher, K.2
  • 64
    • 0035688933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered periodic rectal motor activity: a mechanism for slow transit constipation.
    • Rao SS, Sadeghi P, Batterson K, Beaty J. Altered periodic rectal motor activity: a mechanism for slow transit constipation. Neurogastro-enterol Motil 2001;13:591.
    • (2001) Neurogastro-enterol Motil , vol.13 , pp. 591
    • Rao, S.S.1    Sadeghi, P.2    Batterson, K.3    Beaty, J.4
  • 66
    • 84889789989 scopus 로고
    • Coloproctology and pelvic floor.
    • In: Henry M, Swash M, (eds)., London: Buuter-worths
    • Read NW, Sun WM. Coloproctology and pelvic floor. In: Henry M, Swash M, (eds). Anorectal manometry, 2nd edn. London: Buuter-worths, 1992:119.
    • (1992) Anorectal manometry, 2nd edn , pp. 119
    • Read, N.W.1    Sun, W.M.2
  • 69
    • 0029853588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motility and tone of the left colon in constipation: a role in clinical practice?
    • O'Brien MD, Camilleri M, von der Ohe MR, et al. Motility and tone of the left colon in constipation: a role in clinical practice? Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:2532.
    • (1996) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.91 , pp. 2532
    • O'Brien, M.D.1    Camilleri, M.2    Von Der Ohe, M.R.3
  • 70
    • 0034078379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal organization of pressure patterns throughout the unprepared colon during spontaneous defecation.
    • Bampton PA, Dinning PG, Kennedy ML, et al. Spatial and temporal organization of pressure patterns throughout the unprepared colon during spontaneous defecation. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:1027.
    • (2000) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.95 , pp. 1027
    • Bampton, P.A.1    Dinning, P.G.2    Kennedy, M.L.3
  • 71
    • 0032976791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonic motility in man: features in normal subjects and in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation.
    • Bassotti G, Iantorno G, Fiorella S, et al. Colonic motility in man: features in normal subjects and in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:1760.
    • (1999) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.94 , pp. 1760
    • Bassotti, G.1    Iantorno, G.2    Fiorella, S.3
  • 72
    • 0038388261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a meal and bisacodyl on colonic motility in healthy volunteers and patients with slow-transit constipation.
    • De Schryver AM, Samsom M, Smout AI. Effects of a meal and bisacodyl on colonic motility in healthy volunteers and patients with slow-transit constipation. Dig Dis Sci 2003;48:1206.
    • (2003) Dig Dis Sci , vol.48 , pp. 1206
    • De Schryver, A.M.1    Samsom, M.2    Smout, A.I.3
  • 73
    • 0347499563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensory and autonomic neuropathy in patients with idiopathic slow-transit constipation.
    • Knowles CH, Scott SM, Wellmer A, et al. Sensory and autonomic neuropathy in patients with idiopathic slow-transit constipation. Br J Surg 1999;86:54.
    • (1999) Br J Surg , vol.86 , pp. 54
    • Knowles, C.H.1    Scott, S.M.2    Wellmer, A.3
  • 74
    • 0034022128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laser Doppler flowmetry as a measure of extrinsic colonic innervation in functional bowel disease.
    • Emmanuel AV, Kamm MA. Laser Doppler flowmetry as a measure of extrinsic colonic innervation in functional bowel disease. Gut 2000;46:212.
    • (2000) Gut , vol.46 , pp. 212
    • Emmanuel, A.V.1    Kamm, M.A.2
  • 76
    • 0033965335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased interstitial cell of cajal volume in patients with slow-transit constipation.
    • He CL, Burgart L, Wang L, et al. Decreased interstitial cell of cajal volume in patients with slow-transit constipation. Gastroenterology 2000;118:14.
    • (2000) Gastroenterology , vol.118 , pp. 14
    • He, C.L.1    Burgart, L.2    Wang, L.3
  • 77
    • 0036785361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pan-colonic decrease in interstitial cells of Cajal in patients with slow transit constipation.
    • Lyford GL, He CL, Soffer E, et al. Pan-colonic decrease in interstitial cells of Cajal in patients with slow transit constipation. Gut 2002; 51:496.
    • (2002) Gut , vol.51 , pp. 496
    • Lyford, G.L.1    He, C.L.2    Soffer, E.3
  • 78
    • 0030017762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case for interstitial cells of Cajal as pacemakers and mediators of neurotransmission in the gastrointestinal tract.
    • Sanders KM. A case for interstitial cells of Cajal as pacemakers and mediators of neurotransmission in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastro-enterology 1996;111:492.
    • (1996) Gastro-enterology , vol.111 , pp. 492
    • Sanders, K.M.1
  • 79
    • 0347624030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gut pacemaker cells: the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC).
    • Takaki M. Gut pacemaker cells: the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). J Smooth Muscle Res 2003;39:137.
    • (2003) J Smooth Muscle Res , vol.39 , pp. 137
    • Takaki, M.1
  • 80
    • 0034473094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interstitial cells of Cajal-their role in pacing and signal transmission in the digestive system.
    • Hanani M, Freund HR. Interstitial cells of Cajal-their role in pacing and signal transmission in the digestive system. Acta Physiol Scand 2000;170:177.
    • (2000) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.170 , pp. 177
    • Hanani, M.1    Freund, H.R.2
  • 81
    • 0036938896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of myenteric ganglion cells and interstitial cells of Cajal in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation.
    • Yu CS, Kim HC, Hong HK, et al. Evaluation of myenteric ganglion cells and interstitial cells of Cajal in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation. Int J Colorectal Dis 2002;17:253.
    • (2002) Int J Colorectal Dis , vol.17 , pp. 253
    • Yu, C.S.1    Kim, H.C.2    Hong, H.K.3
  • 83
    • 0032772874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper gut dysmotility in slow-transit constipation: is it evidence for a pan-enteric neurological deficit in severe slow transit constipation?
    • Spiller RC. Upper gut dysmotility in slow-transit constipation: is it evidence for a pan-enteric neurological deficit in severe slow transit constipation? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;11:693.
    • (1999) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.11 , pp. 693
    • Spiller, R.C.1
  • 84
    • 0015612759 scopus 로고
    • Colonic absorption in idiopathic constipation.
    • Devroede G, Soffie M. Colonic absorption in idiopathic constipation. Gastroenterology 1973;64:552.
    • (1973) Gastroenterology , vol.64 , pp. 552
    • Devroede, G.1    Soffie, M.2
  • 85
    • 0022618378 scopus 로고
    • Severe chronic constipation of young women: idiopathic slow transit constipation?
    • Preston DM, Lennard-Jones J. Severe chronic constipation of young women: idiopathic slow transit constipation? Gut 1986;27:41.
    • (1986) Gut , vol.27 , pp. 41
    • Preston, D.M.1    Lennard-Jones, J.2
  • 86
    • 0026034610 scopus 로고
    • Steroid hormone abnormalities in women with severe idiopathic constipation.
    • Kamm MA, Farthing MJ, Lennard-Jones JE, et al. Steroid hormone abnormalities in women with severe idiopathic constipation. Gut 1991;32:80.
    • (1991) Gut , vol.32 , pp. 80
    • Kamm, M.A.1    Farthing, M.J.2    Lennard-Jones, J.E.3
  • 87
    • 0024382066 scopus 로고
    • Bowel function and transit rate during the menstrual cycle.
    • Kamm MA, Farthing MJ, Lennard-Jones JE. Bowel function and transit rate during the menstrual cycle. Gut 1989;30:605.
    • (1989) Gut , vol.30 , pp. 605
    • Kamm, M.A.1    Farthing, M.J.2    Lennard-Jones, J.E.3
  • 88
    • 0019428557 scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal transit: the effect of the menstrual cycle.
    • Wald A, Van Thiel DH, Hoechstetter L, et al. Gastrointestinal transit: the effect of the menstrual cycle. Gastroenterology 1981;80:1497.
    • (1981) Gastroenterology , vol.80 , pp. 1497
    • Wald, A.1    Van Thiel, D.H.2    Hoechstetter, L.3
  • 89
    • 0024579437 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between symptoms, menstrual cycle and orocaecal transit in normal and constipated women.
    • Turnbull GK, Thompson DG, Day S, et al. Relationships between symptoms, menstrual cycle and orocaecal transit in normal and constipated women. Gut 1989;30:30.
    • (1989) Gut , vol.30 , pp. 30
    • Turnbull, G.K.1    Thompson, D.G.2    Day, S.3
  • 90
    • 0343941941 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of constipation.
    • In: Phillips SF, Pemberton JH, Shorter RG (eds)., New York: Raven Press
    • Kamm MA. Pathophysiology of constipation. In: Phillips SF, Pemberton JH, Shorter RG (eds). The large intestine. physiology, pathophysiology and disease. New York: Raven Press, 1991;709.
    • (1991) The large intestine. physiology, pathophysiology and disease , pp. 709
    • Kamm, M.A.1
  • 91
    • 0023835527 scopus 로고
    • Idiopathic chronic constipation is associated with decreased colonic vasoactive intestinal peptide.
    • Koch TR, Carney JA, Go L, Go VL. Idiopathic chronic constipation is associated with decreased colonic vasoactive intestinal peptide. Gastroenterology 1988;94:300.
    • (1988) Gastroenterology , vol.94 , pp. 300
    • Koch, T.R.1    Carney, J.A.2    Go, L.3    Go, V.L.4
  • 92
    • 0025428179 scopus 로고
    • Serotonin and 5-hydroxyin-doleacetic acid are increased in the sigmoid colon in severe idiopathic constipation.
    • Lincoln J, Crowe R, Kamm MA, et al. Serotonin and 5-hydroxyin-doleacetic acid are increased in the sigmoid colon in severe idiopathic constipation. Gastroenterology 1990;98:1219.
    • (1990) Gastroenterology , vol.98 , pp. 1219
    • Lincoln, J.1    Crowe, R.2    Kamm, M.A.3
  • 93
    • 0022135320 scopus 로고
    • Positive correlation between symptoms and circulating motilin, pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin concentrations in functional bowel disorders.
    • Preston DM, Adrian TE, Christofides ND, et al. Positive correlation between symptoms and circulating motilin, pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin concentrations in functional bowel disorders. Gut 1985; 26:1059.
    • (1985) Gut , vol.26 , pp. 1059
    • Preston, D.M.1    Adrian, T.E.2    Christofides, N.D.3
  • 95
    • 33645823919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nongenomic effects of progesterone on the contraction of muscle cells from the guinea pig colon.
    • Xiao ZL, Cao W, Biancani P, Behar J. Nongenomic effects of progesterone on the contraction of muscle cells from the guinea pig colon. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006;290:G1008.
    • (2006) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.290
    • Xiao, Z.L.1    Cao, W.2    Biancani, P.3    Behar, J.4
  • 96
    • 15744393922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of progesterone signaling in the regulation of G-protein levels in female chronic constipation.
    • Xiao ZL, Pricolo V, Biancani P, Behar J. Role of progesterone signaling in the regulation of G-protein levels in female chronic constipation. Gastroenterology 2005;128:667.
    • (2005) Gastroenterology , vol.128 , pp. 667
    • Xiao, Z.L.1    Pricolo, V.2    Biancani, P.3    Behar, J.4
  • 97
    • 33646866568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methane, a gas produced by enteric bacteria, slows intestinal transit and augments small intestinal contractile activity.
    • Pimentel M, Lin HC, Enayati P, et al. Methane, a gas produced by enteric bacteria, slows intestinal transit and augments small intestinal contractile activity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006;290:G1089.
    • (2006) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.290
    • Pimentel, M.1    Lin, H.C.2    Enayati, P.3
  • 98
    • 10644290207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review article: serotonin receptors and transporters-roles in normal and abnormal gastrointestinal motility.
    • Gershon MD. Review article: serotonin receptors and transporters-roles in normal and abnormal gastrointestinal motility. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20 Suppl 7:3.
    • (2004) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.20 , Issue.SUPPL. 7 , pp. 3
    • Gershon, M.D.1
  • 99
    • 0029976793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5-HT released by mucosal stimuli initiates peristalsis by activating 5-HT4/5-HT1p receptors on sensory CGRP neurons.
    • Grider JR, Kuemmerle JF, Jin JG. 5-HT released by mucosal stimuli initiates peristalsis by activating 5-HT4/5-HT1p receptors on sensory CGRP neurons. Am J Physiol 1996;270:G778.
    • (1996) Am J Physiol , vol.270
    • Grider, J.R.1    Kuemmerle, J.F.2    Jin, J.G.3
  • 100
    • 0031595212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5-Hydroxytryptamine4 receptor agonist initiate the peristaltic reflex in human, rat, and guinea pig intestine.
    • Grider JR, Foxx-Orenstein AE, Ji-Guang J. 5-Hydroxytryptamine4 receptor agonist initiate the peristaltic reflex in human, rat, and guinea pig intestine. Gastroenterology 1998;115:370.
    • (1998) Gastroenterology , vol.115 , pp. 370
    • Grider, J.R.1    Foxx-Orenstein, A.E.2    Ji-Guang, J.3
  • 101
    • 0034089045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tegaserod accelerates orocecal transit in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.
    • Prather CM, Camilleri M, Zinsmeister AR, et al. Tegaserod accelerates orocecal transit in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2000;118:463.
    • (2000) Gastroenterology , vol.118 , pp. 463
    • Prather, C.M.1    Camilleri, M.2    Zinsmeister, A.R.3
  • 102
    • 0036073990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired gastrocolonic response and peristaltic reflex in slow-transit constipation: role of 5-HT(3) pathways.
    • Bjornsson ES, Chey WD, Hooper F, et al. Impaired gastrocolonic response and peristaltic reflex in slow-transit constipation: role of 5-HT(3) pathways. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002;283: G400.
    • (2002) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.283
    • Bjornsson, E.S.1    Chey, W.D.2    Hooper, F.3
  • 103
    • 33947174847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin and its role in colonic function and in gastrointestinal disorders.
    • Costedio MM, Hyman N, Mawe GM. Serotonin and its role in colonic function and in gastrointestinal disorders. Dis Colon Rectum 2007;50:376.
    • (2007) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.50 , pp. 376
    • Costedio, M.M.1    Hyman, N.2    Mawe, G.M.3
  • 104
    • 0032463813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obstructive defecation: a failure of rectoanal coordination.
    • Rao SS, Welcher KD, Leistikow JS. Obstructive defecation: a failure of rectoanal coordination. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:1042.
    • (1998) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.93 , pp. 1042
    • Rao, S.S.1    Welcher, K.D.2    Leistikow, J.S.3
  • 105
    • 0038675217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and physiological findings and possible aetiological factors of rectal hyposens-itivity.
    • Gladman MA, Scott SM, Williams NS, Lunniss PJ. Clinical and physiological findings and possible aetiological factors of rectal hyposens-itivity. Br J Surg 2003;90:860.
    • (2003) Br J Surg , vol.90 , pp. 860
    • Gladman, M.A.1    Scott, S.M.2    Williams, N.S.3    Lunniss, P.J.4
  • 108
    • 0023144195 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of spastic pelvic floor syndrome with biofeedback.
    • Bleijenberg G, Kuijpers HC. Treatment of spastic pelvic floor syndrome with biofeedback. Dis Colon Rectum 1987;30:101.
    • (1987) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.30 , pp. 101
    • Bleijenberg, G.1    Kuijpers, H.C.2
  • 109
    • 0026489663 scopus 로고
    • Anismus: The cause of constipation? Results of investigation and treatment.
    • Duthie GS, Bartolo DCC. Anismus: The cause of constipation? Results of investigation and treatment. World J Surg 1992;16:831.
    • (1992) World J Surg , vol.16 , pp. 831
    • Duthie, G.S.1    Bartolo, D.C.C.2
  • 110
    • 0033018608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manometric tests of anorectal function in healthy adults.
    • Rao SS, Hatfield R, Soffer E, et al. Manometric tests of anorectal function in healthy adults. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:773.
    • (1999) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.94 , pp. 773
    • Rao, S.S.1    Hatfield, R.2    Soffer, E.3
  • 111
    • 33845412310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of body position and stool characteristics on defecation in humans.
    • Rao SS, Kavlock R, Rao S. Influence of body position and stool characteristics on defecation in humans. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:2790.
    • (2006) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.101 , pp. 2790
    • Rao, S.S.1    Kavlock, R.2    Rao, S.3
  • 112
    • 0024325061 scopus 로고
    • Long term results of anorectal myectomy for chronic constipation.
    • Pinho M, Yoshioka K, Keighley MRB. Long term results of anorectal myectomy for chronic constipation. Br J Surg 1989;76:1163.
    • (1989) Br J Surg , vol.76 , pp. 1163
    • Pinho, M.1    Yoshioka, K.2    Keighley, M.R.B.3
  • 113
    • 0023712089 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of animus in intractable constipation with botulinum A toxin.
    • Hallan RI, Williams NS, Melling J, et al. Treatment of animus in intractable constipation with botulinum A toxin. Lancet 1988;ii:714.
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.II , pp. 714
    • Hallan, R.I.1    Williams, N.S.2    Melling, J.3
  • 114
    • 0035664066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin type-A in therapy of patients with anismus.
    • Ron Y, Avni Y, Lukovetski A, et al. Botulinum toxin type-A in therapy of patients with anismus. Dis Colon Rectum 2001;44:1821.
    • (2001) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.44 , pp. 1821
    • Ron, Y.1    Avni, Y.2    Lukovetski, A.3
  • 115
    • 8144225097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the utility of colorectal function tests and Rome II criteria in dyssyn-ergic defecation (anismus).
    • Rao SS, Mudipalli RS, Stessman M, Zimmerman B. Investigation of the utility of colorectal function tests and Rome II criteria in dyssyn-ergic defecation (anismus). Neurogastroenterol Motil 2004;16:589.
    • (2004) Neurogastroenterol Motil , vol.16 , pp. 589
    • Rao, S.S.1    Mudipalli, R.S.2    Stessman, M.3    Zimmerman, B.4
  • 117
    • 0022249616 scopus 로고
    • Colonic disease in the elderly.
    • Brocklehurst JC. Colonic disease in the elderly. Clin Gastroenterol 1985;14:725.
    • (1985) Clin Gastroenterol , vol.14 , pp. 725
    • Brocklehurst, J.C.1
  • 118
    • 28844460242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide not carbon monoxide mediates nonadrenergic noncholinergic relaxation in the murine internal anal sphincter.
    • Rattan S, Regan RF, Patel CA, De Godoy MA. Nitric oxide not carbon monoxide mediates nonadrenergic noncholinergic relaxation in the murine internal anal sphincter. Gastroenterology 2005;129:1954.
    • (2005) Gastroenterology , vol.129 , pp. 1954
    • Rattan, S.1    Regan, R.F.2    Patel, C.A.3    De Godoy, M.A.4
  • 119
    • 0014428993 scopus 로고
    • Nonsurgical test for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease.
    • Tobon F, Reid NC, Talbert JL, Schuster MM. Nonsurgical test for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. N Engl J Med 1968;278:188.
    • (1968) N Engl J Med , vol.278 , pp. 188
    • Tobon, F.1    Reid, N.C.2    Talbert, J.L.3    Schuster, M.M.4
  • 120
    • 0035035064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the RET, GDNF, EDN3, and EDNRB genes in patients with intestinal neuronal dys-plasia and Hirschsprung disease.
    • Gath R, Goessling A, Keller KM, et al. Analysis of the RET, GDNF, EDN3, and EDNRB genes in patients with intestinal neuronal dys-plasia and Hirschsprung disease. Gut 2001;48:671.
    • (2001) Gut , vol.48 , pp. 671
    • Gath, R.1    Goessling, A.2    Keller, K.M.3
  • 121
    • 24044548959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome: implications for future treatments.
    • Crowell MD, Harris L, Jones MP, Chang L. New insights into the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome: implications for future treatments. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2005;7:272.
    • (2005) Curr Gastroenterol Rep , vol.7 , pp. 272
    • Crowell, M.D.1    Harris, L.2    Jones, M.P.3    Chang, L.4
  • 122
    • 0036892341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: irritable bowel syndrome
    • American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2002;123:2105.
    • (2002) Gastroenterology , vol.123 , pp. 2105
  • 123
    • 0034788730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Irritable bowel syndrome in twins: heredity and social learning both contribute to etiology.
    • Levy RL, Jones KR, Whitehead WE, et al. Irritable bowel syndrome in twins: heredity and social learning both contribute to etiology. Gastroenterology 2001;121:799.
    • (2001) Gastroenterology , vol.121 , pp. 799
    • Levy, R.L.1    Jones, K.R.2    Whitehead, W.E.3
  • 124
    • 18144426823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics and genotypes in irritable bowel syndrome: implications for diagnosis and treatment.
    • Park MI, Camilleri M. Genetics and genotypes in irritable bowel syndrome: implications for diagnosis and treatment. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2005;34:305.
    • (2005) Gastroenterol Clin North Am , vol.34 , pp. 305
    • Park, M.I.1    Camilleri, M.2
  • 126
    • 84889863716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fructose intolerance and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
    • Jan 24 [epub ahead of print]
    • Choi Y, Jackson M, Summers RW, Rao SSC. Fructose intolerance and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). J Clin Gastroenterol 2008; Jan 24 [epub ahead of print].
    • (2008) J Clin Gastroenterol
    • Choi, Y.1    Jackson, M.2    Summers, R.W.3    Rao, S.S.C.4
  • 127
  • 128
    • 0033665517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased rectal mucosal enteroendocrine cells, T lymphocytes, and increased gut permeability following acute Campylobacter enteritis and in post-dysenteric irritable bowel syndrome.
    • Spiller RC, Jenkins D, Thornley JP, et al. Increased rectal mucosal enteroendocrine cells, T lymphocytes, and increased gut permeability following acute Campylobacter enteritis and in post-dysenteric irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 2000;47:804.
    • (2000) Gut , vol.47 , pp. 804
    • Spiller, R.C.1    Jenkins, D.2    Thornley, J.P.3
  • 129
    • 7244223149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging of rectal pain and activation of endogenous inhibitory mechanisms in irritable bowel syndrome patient subgroups and healthy controls.
    • Wilder-Smith CH, Schindler D, Lovblad K, et al. Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging of rectal pain and activation of endogenous inhibitory mechanisms in irritable bowel syndrome patient subgroups and healthy controls. Gut 2004;53:1595.
    • (2004) Gut , vol.53 , pp. 1595
    • Wilder-Smith, C.H.1    Schindler, D.2    Lovblad, K.3
  • 130
    • 2942525747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular defects in mucosal serotonin content and decreased serotonin reuptake transporter in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome.
    • Coates MD, Mahoney CR, Linden DR, et al. Molecular defects in mucosal serotonin content and decreased serotonin reuptake transporter in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. Gastro-enterology 2004;126:1657.
    • (2004) Gastro-enterology , vol.126 , pp. 1657
    • Coates, M.D.1    Mahoney, C.R.2    Linden, D.R.3
  • 131
    • 1442350422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychosocial factors are linked to functional gastrointestinal disorders: a population based nested case-control study.
    • Locke GR III, Weaver AL, Melton LJ III, Talley NJ. Psychosocial factors are linked to functional gastrointestinal disorders: a population based nested case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:350.
    • (2004) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.99 , pp. 350
    • Locke, III.G.R.1    Weaver, A.L.2    Melton, III.L.J.3    Talley, N.J.4
  • 133
    • 0026525785 scopus 로고
    • Defecation frequency and timing, and stool form in the general population: a prospective study.
    • Heaton KW, Radvan J, Cripps H, et al. Defecation frequency and timing, and stool form in the general population: a prospective study. Gut 1992;33:818.
    • (1992) Gut , vol.33 , pp. 818
    • Heaton, K.W.1    Radvan, J.2    Cripps, H.3
  • 134
    • 0025034775 scopus 로고
    • Detection of pseudodiarrhoea by simple clinical assessment of intestinal transit rate.
    • O'Donnell LJ, Virjee J, Heaton KW. Detection of pseudodiarrhoea by simple clinical assessment of intestinal transit rate. BMJ 1990;300:439.
    • (1990) BMJ , vol.300 , pp. 439
    • O'Donnell, L.J.1    Virjee, J.2    Heaton, K.W.3
  • 135
    • 0036725578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice guidelines for the management of constipation in adults.
    • Folden SL. Practice guidelines for the management of constipation in adults. Rehabil Nurs 2002;27:169.
    • (2002) Rehabil Nurs , vol.27 , pp. 169
    • Folden, S.L.1
  • 136
    • 0028009851 scopus 로고
    • The call to stool and its relationship to constipation: a community study.
    • Heaton KW, Wood N, Cripps HA, Philipp R. The call to stool and its relationship to constipation: a community study. Eur J Gast Hepaol 1994;6:145.
    • (1994) Eur J Gast Hepaol , vol.6 , pp. 145
    • Heaton, K.W.1    Wood, N.2    Cripps, H.A.3    Philipp, R.4
  • 137
    • 51349104531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How useful is digital rectal examination in the diagnosis of dyssynergia?
    • Rao P, Tantiphlachiva K, Attaluri A, Rao SS. How useful is digital rectal examination in the diagnosis of dyssynergia? Am J Gastro-enterol 2007;102:51.
    • (2007) Am J Gastro-enterol , vol.102 , pp. 51
    • Rao, P.1    Tantiphlachiva, K.2    Attaluri, A.3    Rao, S.S.4
  • 138
    • 4644362059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experience and attitudes of final-year medical students to digital rectal examination.
    • Lawrentschuk N, Bolton DM. Experience and attitudes of final-year medical students to digital rectal examination. Med J Aust 2004; 181: 323.
    • (2004) Med J Aust , vol.181 , pp. 323
    • Lawrentschuk, N.1    Bolton, D.M.2
  • 139
    • 22744440933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical utility of diagnostic tests for constipation in adults: a systematic review.
    • Rao SS, Ozturk R, Laine L. Clinical utility of diagnostic tests for constipation in adults: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:1605.
    • (2005) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.100 , pp. 1605
    • Rao, S.S.1    Ozturk, R.2    Laine, L.3
  • 140
    • 22744432797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based position statement on the management of chronic constipation in North America.
    • Brandt LJ, Schoenfeld P, Prather CM, et al. Evidence-based position statement on the management of chronic constipation in North America. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:S1.
    • (2005) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.100
    • Brandt, L.J.1    Schoenfeld, P.2    Prather, C.M.3
  • 141
    • 33645742381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic assessment of constipation on plain abdominal radiographs in children.
    • van den Bosch M, Graafmans D, Nievelstein R, Beek E. Systematic assessment of constipation on plain abdominal radiographs in children. Pediatr Radiol 2006;36:224.
    • (2006) Pediatr Radiol , vol.36 , pp. 224
    • Van Den Bosch, M.1    Graafmans, D.2    Nievelstein, R.3    Beek, E.4
  • 143
    • 0018135585 scopus 로고
    • Barium enema in chronic constipation: is it meaningful?
    • Patriquin H, Martelli H, Devroede G. Barium enema in chronic constipation: is it meaningful? Gastroenterology 1978;75:619.
    • (1978) Gastroenterology , vol.75 , pp. 619
    • Patriquin, H.1    Martelli, H.2    Devroede, G.3
  • 144
    • 0018329047 scopus 로고
    • The barium enema; evidence for proper utilization.
    • Gerson DE, Lewicki AM, McNeil BJ, et al. The barium enema; evidence for proper utilization. Radiology 1979;130:297.
    • (1979) Radiology , vol.130 , pp. 297
    • Gerson, D.E.1    Lewicki, A.M.2    McNeil, B.J.3
  • 145
    • 22544477594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASGE guideline: guideline on the use of endoscopy in the management of constipation.
    • Qureshi W, Adler DG, Davila RE, et al. ASGE guideline: guideline on the use of endoscopy in the management of constipation. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;62:199.
    • (2005) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.62 , pp. 199
    • Qureshi, W.1    Adler, D.G.2    Davila, R.E.3
  • 146
    • 0036737401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The yield of lower endoscopy in patients with constipation: survey of a university hospital, a public county hospital, and a Veterans Administration medical center.
    • Pepin C, Ladabaum U. The yield of lower endoscopy in patients with constipation: survey of a university hospital, a public county hospital, and a Veterans Administration medical center. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56:325.
    • (2002) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.56 , pp. 325
    • Pepin, C.1    Ladabaum, U.2
  • 148
    • 0025893393 scopus 로고
    • Scintigraphic measurement of regional gut transit in idiopathic constipation.
    • Stivland T, Camilleri M, Vassallo M, et al. Scintigraphic measurement of regional gut transit in idiopathic constipation. Gastroenterology 1991;101:107.
    • (1991) Gastroenterology , vol.101 , pp. 107
    • Stivland, T.1    Camilleri, M.2    Vassallo, M.3
  • 149
    • 0027468703 scopus 로고
    • Radioisotope determination of regional colonic transit in severe constipation: comparison with radio opaque markers.
    • van der Sijp JR, Kamm MA, Nightingale JM, et al. Radioisotope determination of regional colonic transit in severe constipation: comparison with radio opaque markers. Gut 1993;34:402.
    • (1993) Gut , vol.34 , pp. 402
    • Van Der Sijp, J.R.1    Kamm, M.A.2    Nightingale, J.M.3
  • 150
    • 84889775776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of SmartPill® and radioopaque markers for the assessment of colonic transit time in humans.
    • DDW 2007.
    • Rao SS, Kuo B, Chey W, et al. A comparative study of SmartPill® and radioopaque markers for the assessment of colonic transit time in humans. Gastroenterology 2007;DDW 2007.
    • (2007) Gastroenterology
    • Rao, S.S.1    Kuo, B.2    Chey, W.3
  • 151
    • 0035140126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproducibility of colonic transit study in patients with chronic constipation.
    • Nam YS, Pikarsky AJ, Wexner SD, et al. Reproducibility of colonic transit study in patients with chronic constipation. Dis Colon Rectum 2001;44:86.
    • (2001) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.44 , pp. 86
    • Nam, Y.S.1    Pikarsky, A.J.2    Wexner, S.D.3
  • 152
    • 34648816034 scopus 로고
    • A new method for studying gut transit times using radio-opaque markers.
    • Hinton JM, Lennard-Jones JE, Young AC. A new method for studying gut transit times using radio-opaque markers. Gut 1969;24:123-126.
    • (1969) Gut , vol.24 , pp. 123-126
    • Hinton, J.M.1    Lennard-Jones, J.E.2    Young, A.C.3
  • 154
    • 0036906767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of segmental colonic resection for slow-transit constipation.
    • Lundin E, Karlbom U, Pahlman L, Graf W. Outcome of segmental colonic resection for slow-transit constipation. Br J Surg 2002;89:1270.
    • (2002) Br J Surg , vol.89 , pp. 1270
    • Lundin, E.1    Karlbom, U.2    Pahlman, L.3    Graf, W.4
  • 155
    • 84889868841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of wireless capsule (Smart Pill) for colonic transit: a comparative study with radiopaque markers in health and constipation.
    • Rao S, Kuo B, Chey W, et al. Investigation of wireless capsule (Smart Pill) for colonic transit: a comparative study with radiopaque markers in health and constipation. Gastroenterology 2007;1075:S512.
    • (2007) Gastroenterology , vol.1075
    • Rao, S.1    Kuo, B.2    Chey, W.3
  • 156
    • 0031020778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How useful are manometric tests of anorectal function in the management of defecation disorders?
    • Rao SS, Patel RS. How useful are manometric tests of anorectal function in the management of defecation disorders? Am J Gastro-enterol 1997;92:469.
    • (1997) Am J Gastro-enterol , vol.92 , pp. 469
    • Rao, S.S.1    Patel, R.S.2
  • 157
    • 4544344693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anorectal physiology in relation to clinical subgroups of patients with severe constipation.
    • Karlbom U, Lundin E, Graf W, Pahlman L. Anorectal physiology in relation to clinical subgroups of patients with severe constipation. Colorectal Dis 2004;6:343.
    • (2004) Colorectal Dis , vol.6 , pp. 343
    • Karlbom, U.1    Lundin, E.2    Graf, W.3    Pahlman, L.4
  • 158
    • 0033810044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The barium enema in constipation: comparison with rectal manometry and biopsy to exclude Hirschsprung's disease after the neonatal period.
    • Reid JR, Buonomo C, Moreira C, et al. The barium enema in constipation: comparison with rectal manometry and biopsy to exclude Hirschsprung's disease after the neonatal period. Pediatr Radiol 2000;30:681.
    • (2000) Pediatr Radiol , vol.30 , pp. 681
    • Reid, J.R.1    Buonomo, C.2    Moreira, C.3
  • 159
    • 20544445936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease: a prospective, comparative accuracy study of common tests.
    • De Lorijn F, Reitsma JB, Voskuijl WP, et al. Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease: a prospective, comparative accuracy study of common tests. J Pediatr 2005;146:787.
    • (2005) J Pediatr , vol.146 , pp. 787
    • De Lorijn, F.1    Reitsma, J.B.2    Voskuijl, W.P.3
  • 160
    • 13744259794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rectal hyposensitivity: a disorder of the rectal wall or the afferent pathway? An assessment using the barostat.
    • Gladman MA, Dvorkin LS, Lunniss OJ, et al. Rectal hyposensitivity: a disorder of the rectal wall or the afferent pathway? An assessment using the barostat. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:106.
    • (2005) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.100 , pp. 106
    • Gladman, M.A.1    Dvorkin, L.S.2    Lunniss, O.J.3
  • 162
    • 0038675217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and physiological findings, and possible aetiological factors of rectal hyposensitivity.
    • Gladman MA, Scott SM, Williams NS, Lunniss PJ. Clinical and physiological findings, and possible aetiological factors of rectal hyposensitivity. Br J Surg 2003;90:860.
    • (2003) Br J Surg , vol.90 , pp. 860
    • Gladman, M.A.1    Scott, S.M.2    Williams, N.S.3    Lunniss, P.J.4
  • 163
    • 84889868543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized controlled trial of long term outcome of biofeedback therapy (BT) for dyssynergic defecation.
    • Rao SS, Kinkade K, Miller MJ, et al. Randomized controlled trial of long term outcome of biofeedback therapy (BT) for dyssynergic defecation. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:386.
    • (2005) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.100 , pp. 386
    • Rao, S.S.1    Kinkade, K.2    Miller, M.J.3
  • 165
    • 33947660075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution manometry in the evaluation of anorectal disorders: a simultaneous comparison with water-perfused manometry.
    • Jones MP, Post J, Crowell MD. High-resolution manometry in the evaluation of anorectal disorders: a simultaneous comparison with water-perfused manometry. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:850.
    • (2007) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.102 , pp. 850
    • Jones, M.P.1    Post, J.2    Crowell, M.D.3
  • 166
    • 0347991875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive value of the balloon expulsion test for excluding the diagnosis of pelvic floor dyssynergia in constipation.
    • Minguez M, Herreros B, Sanchiz V, et al. Predictive value of the balloon expulsion test for excluding the diagnosis of pelvic floor dyssynergia in constipation. Gastroenterology 2004;126:57.
    • (2004) Gastroenterology , vol.126 , pp. 57
    • Minguez, M.1    Herreros, B.2    Sanchiz, V.3
  • 167
    • 0034798428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visceral sensitivity in explaining functional bowel disorders: from concepts to clinical practice.
    • Delvaux MM. Visceral sensitivity in explaining functional bowel disorders: from concepts to clinical practice. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2001;64:272.
    • (2001) Acta Gastroenterol Belg , vol.64 , pp. 272
    • Delvaux, M.M.1
  • 168
    • 0037711633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constipation: evaluation and treatment
    • Rao SS. Constipation: evaluation and treatment. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2003;32:659.
    • (2003) Gastroenterol Clin North Am , vol.32 , pp. 659
    • Rao, S.S.1
  • 169
    • 0038446498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defecography in symptomatic older women living at home.
    • Savoye-Collet C, Savoye G, Koning E, et al. Defecography in symptomatic older women living at home. Age Ageing 2003;32:347.
    • (2003) Age Ageing , vol.32 , pp. 347
    • Savoye-Collet, C.1    Savoye, G.2    Koning, E.3
  • 170
    • 24644459301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comorbidities associated with constipation in children referred for colon manometry may mask functional diagnoses.
    • Gertken JT, Cocjin J, Pehlivanov N, et al. Comorbidities associated with constipation in children referred for colon manometry may mask functional diagnoses. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2005;41:328.
    • (2005) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.41 , pp. 328
    • Gertken, J.T.1    Cocjin, J.2    Pehlivanov, N.3
  • 171
    • 1042263807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Open-magnet MR defaeco-graphy compared with evacuation proctography in the diagnosis and management of patients with rectal intussusception.
    • Dvorkin LS, Hetzer F, Scott SM, et al. Open-magnet MR defaeco-graphy compared with evacuation proctography in the diagnosis and management of patients with rectal intussusception. Colorectal Dis 2004;6:45.
    • (2004) Colorectal Dis , vol.6 , pp. 45
    • Dvorkin, L.S.1    Hetzer, F.2    Scott, S.M.3
  • 172
    • 0037282969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging of anatomic and dynamic defects of the pelvic floor in defecatory disorders.
    • Fletcher JG, Busse RF, Riederer SJ, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of anatomic and dynamic defects of the pelvic floor in defecatory disorders. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:399.
    • (2003) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.98 , pp. 399
    • Fletcher, J.G.1    Busse, R.F.2    Riederer, S.J.3
  • 173
    • 0036654023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experience of 4 years with open MR defecography: pictorial review of anorectal anatomy and disease.
    • Roos JE, Weishaupt D, Wildermuth S, et al. Experience of 4 years with open MR defecography: pictorial review of anorectal anatomy and disease. Radiographics 2002;22:817.
    • (2002) Radiographics , vol.22 , pp. 817
    • Roos, J.E.1    Weishaupt, D.2    Wildermuth, S.3
  • 174
    • 27144549352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic MR imaging of outlet obstruction.
    • Bolog N, Weishaupt D. Dynamic MR imaging of outlet obstruction. Rom J Gastroenterol 2005;14:293.
    • (2005) Rom J Gastroenterol , vol.14 , pp. 293
    • Bolog, N.1    Weishaupt, D.2
  • 175
    • 0036240833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic MR imaging of the pelvic floor performed with patient sitting in an open-magnet unit versus with patient supine in a closed-magnet unit.
    • Bertschinger KM, Hetzer FH, Roos JE, et al. Dynamic MR imaging of the pelvic floor performed with patient sitting in an open-magnet unit versus with patient supine in a closed-magnet unit. Radiology 2002;223:501.
    • (2002) Radiology , vol.223 , pp. 501
    • Bertschinger, K.M.1    Hetzer, F.H.2    Roos, J.E.3
  • 176
    • 19044372135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic variation in functional disorders of defecation.
    • Bharucha AE, Fletcher JG, Seide B, et al. Phenotypic variation in functional disorders of defecation. Gastroenterology 2005;128:1199.
    • (2005) Gastroenterology , vol.128 , pp. 1199
    • Bharucha, A.E.1    Fletcher, J.G.2    Seide, B.3
  • 177
    • 33847296344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary care physicians consider constipation as a severe and bothersome medical condition that negatively impacts patients' lives.
    • Schiller LR, Dennis E, Toth G. Primary care physicians consider constipation as a severe and bothersome medical condition that negatively impacts patients' lives. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:S234.
    • (2004) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.99
    • Schiller, L.R.1    Dennis, E.2    Toth, G.3
  • 178
    • 33846981109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic constipation: a survey of the patient perspective.
    • Johanson JF, Kralstein J. Chronic constipation: a survey of the patient perspective. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007;25:599.
    • (2007) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.25 , pp. 599
    • Johanson, J.F.1    Kralstein, J.2
  • 179
    • 0141961633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise and gastrointestinal function and disease: an evidence-based review of risks and benefits.
    • Bi L, Triadafilopoulos G. Exercise and gastrointestinal function and disease: an evidence-based review of risks and benefits. Clin Gastro-enterol Hepatol 2003;1:345.
    • (2003) Clin Gastro-enterol Hepatol , vol.1 , pp. 345
    • Bi, L.1    Triadafilopoulos, G.2
  • 180
    • 0034263775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leisure time physical activity in Australian women: relationship with well being and symptoms.
    • Brown WJ, Mishra G, Lee C, Bauman A. Leisure time physical activity in Australian women: relationship with well being and symptoms. Res Q Exerc Sport 2000;71:206.
    • (2000) Res Q Exerc Sport , vol.71 , pp. 206
    • Brown, W.J.1    Mishra, G.2    Lee, C.3    Bauman, A.4
  • 181
    • 0025824217 scopus 로고
    • Study of constipation in a geriatric hospital, day hospital, old people's home and at home
    • Aging (Milano)
    • Kinnunen O. Study of constipation in a geriatric hospital, day hospital, old people's home and at home. Aging (Milano) 1991;3:161.
    • (1991) , vol.3 , pp. 161
    • Kinnunen, O.1
  • 182
    • 7344252449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water supplementation enhances the effect of high-fiber diet on stool frequency and laxative consumption in adult patients with functional constipation.
    • Anti M, Pignataro G, Armuzzi A, et al. Water supplementation enhances the effect of high-fiber diet on stool frequency and laxative consumption in adult patients with functional constipation. Hepato-gastroenterology 1998;45:727.
    • (1998) Hepato-gastroenterology , vol.45 , pp. 727
    • Anti, M.1    Pignataro, G.2    Armuzzi, A.3
  • 183
    • 34248530958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of medication-associated constipation.
    • Rutland T, Di Palma J. Prevalence of medication-associated constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99(Suppl.):S103.
    • (2004) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.99 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Rutland, T.1    Di Palma, J.2
  • 184
    • 0034085318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constipation and the use of laxatives: a comparison between transdermal fentanyl and oral morphine.
    • Radbruch L, Sabatowski R, Loick G, et al. Constipation and the use of laxatives: a comparison between transdermal fentanyl and oral morphine. Palliat Med 2000;14:111.
    • (2000) Palliat Med , vol.14 , pp. 111
    • Radbruch, L.1    Sabatowski, R.2    Loick, G.3
  • 185
    • 0034692547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral methylnaltrexone for opioid-induced constipation.
    • Yuan CS, Foss JF. Oral methylnaltrexone for opioid-induced constipation. JAMA 2000;284:1383.
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.284 , pp. 1383
    • Yuan, C.S.1    Foss, J.F.2
  • 186
    • 0034993520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review article: the therapy of constipation.
    • Schiller LR. Review article: the therapy of constipation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001;15:749.
    • (2001) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.15 , pp. 749
    • Schiller, L.R.1
  • 187
    • 0015530176 scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary fiber on stool and transit times and its role in the causation of disease.
    • Burkitt DP, Walker ARP, Painter NS. Effect of dietary fiber on stool and transit times and its role in the causation of disease. Lancet 1972;ii:1408.
    • (1972) Lancet , vol.II , pp. 1408
    • Burkitt, D.P.1    Walker, A.R.P.2    Painter, N.S.3
  • 188
    • 0019857213 scopus 로고
    • Dietary fiber and personality factors as determinants of stool output.
    • Tucker DM, Sandstead HH, Logan GM. Dietary fiber and personality factors as determinants of stool output. Gastroenterology 1981; 81:879.
    • (1981) Gastroenterology , vol.81 , pp. 879
    • Tucker, D.M.1    Sandstead, H.H.2    Logan, G.M.3
  • 189
    • 0031022542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical response to dietary fiber treatment of chronic constipation.
    • Voderholzer WA, Schatke W, Muhldorfer BE, et al. Clinical response to dietary fiber treatment of chronic constipation. Am J Gastro-enterol 1997;92:95.
    • (1997) Am J Gastro-enterol , vol.92 , pp. 95
    • Voderholzer, W.A.1    Schatke, W.2    Muhldorfer, B.E.3
  • 190
    • 17544361897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of traditional medical therapies for chronic constipation: systematic review.
    • Ramkumar D, Rao SSC. Efficacy and safety of traditional medical therapies for chronic constipation: systematic review. Am J Gastro-enterol 2005;100:936.
    • (2005) Am J Gastro-enterol , vol.100 , pp. 936
    • Ramkumar, D.1    Rao, S.S.C.2
  • 191
    • 0030869404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonic and anorectal function in constipated patients with anorexia nervosa.
    • Chun AB, Sokol MS, Kaye WH, et al. Colonic and anorectal function in constipated patients with anorexia nervosa. Am J Gastroenterol 1997;92:1879.
    • (1997) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.92 , pp. 1879
    • Chun, A.B.1    Sokol, M.S.2    Kaye, W.H.3
  • 192
    • 0033800618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anorectal dysfunction in constipated women with anorexia nervosa.
    • Chiarioni G, Bassotti G, Monsignori A, et al. Anorectal dysfunction in constipated women with anorexia nervosa. Mayo Clin Proc 2000; 75:1015.
    • (2000) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.75 , pp. 1015
    • Chiarioni, G.1    Bassotti, G.2    Monsignori, A.3
  • 193
    • 84889840084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non prescription drugs USA.
    • Little Falls, NJ: Kline
    • Kline C. Non prescription drugs USA. 2000, Little Falls, NJ: Kline 194.
    • (2000) , pp. 779
    • Kline, C.1
  • 194
    • 0003166763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approach to the patient with constipation
    • In: Yamada T, Alpers DH, Owyang C, et al. (eds).Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co, 1991:779.
    • Wald A. Approach to the patient with constipation. In: Yamada T, Alpers DH, Owyang C, et al. (eds). Textbook of gastroenterology. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co, 1991:779.
    • Textbook of gastroenterology
    • Wald, A.1
  • 195
    • 3042569936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current treatment options for chronic constipation.
    • DiPalma JA. Current treatment options for chronic constipation. Rev Gastroenterol Disord 2004;4 Suppl. 2:S34.
    • (2004) Rev Gastroenterol Disord , vol.4 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • DiPalma, J.A.1
  • 197
    • 0023631618 scopus 로고
    • Constipation in elderly long-stay patients: its treatment by magnesium hydroxide and bulk-laxative.
    • Kinnunen O, Salokannel J. Constipation in elderly long-stay patients: its treatment by magnesium hydroxide and bulk-laxative. Ann Clin Res 1987;19:321.
    • (1987) Ann Clin Res , vol.19 , pp. 321
    • Kinnunen, O.1    Salokannel, J.2
  • 198
    • 0024455397 scopus 로고
    • Studies of osmotic diarrhea induced in normal subjects by ingestion of polyethylene glycol and lactulose.
    • Hammer HF, Santa Ana CA, Schiller LR, Fordtran JS. Studies of osmotic diarrhea induced in normal subjects by ingestion of polyethylene glycol and lactulose. J Clin Invest 1989;84:1056.
    • (1989) J Clin Invest , vol.84 , pp. 1056
    • Hammer, H.F.1    Santa Ana, C.A.2    Schiller, L.R.3    Fordtran, J.S.4
  • 199
    • 0029314793 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of constipation in elderly patients. Drug utilization and cost containment strategies.
    • Lederle FA. Epidemiology of constipation in elderly patients. Drug utilization and cost containment strategies. Drugs Aging 1995;6:465.
    • (1995) Drugs Aging , vol.6 , pp. 465
    • Lederle, F.A.1
  • 200
    • 0033967018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of the safety and efficacy of a new polyethylene glycol laxative.
    • DiPalma JA, DeRidder PH, Orlando RC, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of the safety and efficacy of a new polyethylene glycol laxative. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:341.
    • (2000) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.95 , pp. 341
    • DiPalma, J.A.1    DeRidder, P.H.2    Orlando, R.C.3
  • 201
    • 0035028497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review article: colon cleansing preparation for gastrointestinal procedures.
    • Toledo TK, DiPalma JA. Review article: colon cleansing preparation for gastrointestinal procedures. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001; 15: 605.
    • (2001) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.15 , pp. 605
    • Toledo, T.K.1    DiPalma, J.A.2
  • 202
    • 0034066970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long term efficacy, safety, and tolerabilitity of low daily doses of isosmotic polyethylene glycol electrolyte balanced solution (PMF-100) in the treatment of functional chronic constipation.
    • Corazziari E, Badiali D, Bazzocchi G, et al. Long term efficacy, safety, and tolerabilitity of low daily doses of isosmotic polyethylene glycol electrolyte balanced solution (PMF-100) in the treatment of functional chronic constipation. Gut 2000;46:522.
    • (2000) Gut , vol.46 , pp. 522
    • Corazziari, E.1    Badiali, D.2    Bazzocchi, G.3
  • 203
    • 34250897567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, multi-center, placebo controlled trial of polyethylene glycol laxative for chronic treatment of chronic constipation.
    • Di Palma J. A randomized, multi-center, placebo controlled trial of polyethylene glycol laxative for chronic treatment of chronic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:1436.
    • (2007) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.102 , pp. 1436
    • Di Palma, J.1
  • 204
    • 28844469346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review article: the role of serotonergic agents in the treatment of patients with primary chronic constipation.
    • Cash BD, Chey WD. Review article: the role of serotonergic agents in the treatment of patients with primary chronic constipation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;22:1047.
    • (2005) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.22 , pp. 1047
    • Cash, B.D.1    Chey, W.D.2
  • 205
    • 4444245748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of tegaserod in chronic constipation: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.
    • Johanson JF, Wald A, Tougas G, et al. Effect of tegaserod in chronic constipation: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;2:796.
    • (2004) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.2 , pp. 796
    • Johanson, J.F.1    Wald, A.2    Tougas, G.3
  • 206
    • 20044386871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tegaserod for the treatment of chronic constipation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multinational study.
    • Kamm MA, Muller-Lissner S, Talley NJ, et al. Tegaserod for the treatment of chronic constipation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multinational study. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:362.
    • (2005) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.100 , pp. 362
    • Kamm, M.A.1    Muller-Lissner, S.2    Talley, N.J.3
  • 207
    • 33750528956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of tegaserod over 13 months in patients with chronic constipation.
    • Muller-Lissner S, Kamm MA, Musoglu A, et al. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of tegaserod over 13 months in patients with chronic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:2558.
    • (2006) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.101 , pp. 2558
    • Muller-Lissner, S.1    Kamm, M.A.2    Musoglu, A.3
  • 208
    • 6044278151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SPI-0211 activates T84 cell chloride transport and recombinant human ClC-2 chloride currents.
    • Cuppoletti J, Malinowska DH, Tewari KP, et al. SPI-0211 activates T84 cell chloride transport and recombinant human ClC-2 chloride currents. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2004;287:C1173.
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol , vol.287
    • Cuppoletti, J.1    Malinowska, D.H.2    Tewari, K.P.3
  • 209
    • 0036083925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of ClC-2 chloride channel in rat and human epithelial tissues.
    • Lipecka J, Bali M, Thomas A, et al. Distribution of ClC-2 chloride channel in rat and human epithelial tissues. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2002;282:C805.
    • (2002) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol , vol.282
    • Lipecka, J.1    Bali, M.2    Thomas, A.3
  • 210
    • 33645837674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a selective chloride channel activator, lubiprostone, on gastrointestinal transit, gastric sensory, and motor functions in healthy volunteers.
    • Camilleri M, Bharucha AE, Ueno R, et al. Effect of a selective chloride channel activator, lubiprostone, on gastrointestinal transit, gastric sensory, and motor functions in healthy volunteers. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006;290:G942.
    • (2006) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.290
    • Camilleri, M.1    Bharucha, A.E.2    Ueno, R.3
  • 211
    • 37849024665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter, 4-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of lubiprostone, a locally-acting type-2 chloride channel activator, in patients with chronic constipation.
    • Johanson JF, Morton D, Geenen J, Ueno R. Multicenter, 4-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of lubiprostone, a locally-acting type-2 chloride channel activator, in patients with chronic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:170.
    • (2008) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.103 , pp. 170
    • Johanson, J.F.1    Morton, D.2    Geenen, J.3    Ueno, R.4
  • 212
    • 34248595894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lubiprostone, a locally acting chloride channel activator, in adult patients with chronic constipation: a doubleblind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study to evaluate efficacy and safety.
    • Johanson JF. Ueno R. Lubiprostone, a locally acting chloride channel activator, in adult patients with chronic constipation: a doubleblind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study to evaluate efficacy and safety. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007;25:1351.
    • (2007) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.25 , pp. 1351
    • Johanson, J.F.1    Ueno, R.2
  • 213
    • 33749996742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term efficacy of lubipros-tone for the treatment of chronic constipation.
    • Johanson JF, Holland PC, Ueno R. Long-term efficacy of lubipros-tone for the treatment of chronic constipation. Gastroenterology 2006;130:M1171.
    • (2006) Gastroenterology , vol.130
    • Johanson, J.F.1    Holland, P.C.2    Ueno, R.3
  • 214
    • 22244449305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lubiprostone: RU 0211, SPI 0211
    • Lubiprostone: RU 0211, SPI 0211. Drugs 2005;6:245.
    • (2005) Drugs , vol.6 , pp. 245
  • 215
    • 5244240908 scopus 로고
    • Colchicine is an effective treatment for patients with severe idiopathic constipation.
    • Verne GN, Eaker EY, David RD. Colchicine is an effective treatment for patients with severe idiopathic constipation. Gastroenterology 1995;108:A705.
    • (1995) Gastroenterology , vol.108
    • Verne, G.N.1    Eaker, E.Y.2    David, R.D.3
  • 216
    • 0030786769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misoprostol in the treatment of chronic refractory constipation: results of a long-term open label trial.
    • Roarty TP, Weber F, Soykan I, McCallum RW. Misoprostol in the treatment of chronic refractory constipation: results of a long-term open label trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997;11:1059.
    • (1997) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.11 , pp. 1059
    • Roarty, T.P.1    Weber, F.2    Soykan, I.3    McCallum, R.W.4
  • 217
    • 0347480303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophin-3 in the development of the enteric nervous system.
    • Chalazonitis A. Neurotrophin-3 in the development of the enteric nervous system. Prog Brain Res 2004;146:243.
    • (2004) Prog Brain Res , vol.146 , pp. 243
    • Chalazonitis, A.1
  • 219
    • 1242269248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of constipation associated with long-acting opioid therapy: a comparative study.
    • Staats PS, Markowitz J, Schein J. Incidence of constipation associated with long-acting opioid therapy: a comparative study. South Med J 2004;97:129.
    • (2004) South Med J , vol.97 , pp. 129
    • Staats, P.S.1    Markowitz, J.2    Schein, J.3
  • 220
    • 33745396435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a single dose administration of MD-1100 on safety, tolerability, exposure, and stool consistency in healthy subjects.
    • Currie M, Kurtz CB, Mahajan-Miklos S. Effects of a single dose administration of MD-1100 on safety, tolerability, exposure, and stool consistency in healthy subjects. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100: S328.
    • (2005) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.100
    • Currie, M.1    Kurtz, C.B.2    Mahajan-Miklos, S.3
  • 221
    • 34548500315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of 5 days on transit and bowel function in females with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.
    • Andresen V, Camilleri M, Busciglio IA, et al. Effect of 5 days on transit and bowel function in females with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2007;133:761.
    • (2007) Gastroenterology , vol.133 , pp. 761
    • Andresen, V.1    Camilleri, M.2    Busciglio, I.A.3
  • 222
    • 22344452215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofeedback benefits only patients with outlet dysfunction, not patients with isolated slow transit constipation.
    • Chiarioni G, Salandini L, Whitehead WE. Biofeedback benefits only patients with outlet dysfunction, not patients with isolated slow transit constipation. Gastroenterology 2005;129:86.
    • (2005) Gastroenterology , vol.129 , pp. 86
    • Chiarioni, G.1    Salandini, L.2    Whitehead, W.E.3
  • 223
    • 33644859904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofeedback is superior to laxatives for normal transit constipation due to pelvic floor dyssynergia.
    • Chiarioni G, Whitehead WE, Pezza V, et al. Biofeedback is superior to laxatives for normal transit constipation due to pelvic floor dyssynergia. Gastroenterology 2006;130:657.
    • (2006) Gastroenterology , vol.130 , pp. 657
    • Chiarioni, G.1    Whitehead, W.E.2    Pezza, V.3
  • 224
    • 33947142919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized controlled trial of biofeedback, sham feedback, and standard therapy for dyssynergic defecation.
    • Rao SS, Seaton K, Miller M, et al. Randomized controlled trial of biofeedback, sham feedback, and standard therapy for dyssynergic defecation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;5:331.
    • (2007) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.5 , pp. 331
    • Rao, S.S.1    Seaton, K.2    Miller, M.3
  • 225
    • 0024325061 scopus 로고
    • Long term results of anorectal myectomy for chronic constipation.
    • Pinho M, Yoshioka K, Keighley MR. Long term results of anorectal myectomy for chronic constipation. Br J Surg 1989;76:1163.
    • (1989) Br J Surg , vol.76 , pp. 1163
    • Pinho, M.1    Yoshioka, K.2    Keighley, M.R.3
  • 226
    • 0031781328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The technical aspects of biofeedback therapy for defecation disorders.
    • Rao SS. The technical aspects of biofeedback therapy for defecation disorders. The Gastroenterologist 1998;6:96.
    • (1998) The Gastroenterologist , vol.6 , pp. 96
    • Rao, S.S.1
  • 227
    • 0032919672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FECOM: a new artificial stool for evaluating defecation.
    • Pelsang RE, Rao SS, Welcher K. FECOM: a new artificial stool for evaluating defecation. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:183.
    • (1999) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.94 , pp. 183
    • Pelsang, R.E.1    Rao, S.S.2    Welcher, K.3
  • 228
    • 0038079192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofeedback therapy for defecation disorders.
    • Rao SS, Enck P, Loening-Baucke V. Biofeedback therapy for defecation disorders. Dig Dis 1997;15 Suppl 1:78.
    • (1997) Dig Dis , vol.15 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 78
    • Rao, S.S.1    Enck, P.2    Loening-Baucke, V.3
  • 229
    • 0028212449 scopus 로고
    • Effects of biofeedback on obstructive defecation-reconditioning of the defecation reflex?
    • Papachrysostomou M, Smith AN. Effects of biofeedback on obstructive defecation-reconditioning of the defecation reflex? Gut 1994; 35:242.
    • (1994) Gut , vol.35 , pp. 242
    • Papachrysostomou, M.1    Smith, A.N.2
  • 230
    • 0032711679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective, randomized trial comparing for biofeedback techniques for patients with constipation.
    • Heymen S, Wexner SD, Vickers D, et al. Prospective, randomized trial comparing for biofeedback techniques for patients with constipation. Dis Colon Rectum 1999;42:1388.
    • (1999) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.42 , pp. 1388
    • Heymen, S.1    Wexner, S.D.2    Vickers, D.3
  • 231
    • 0030750644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofeedback in colorectal practice: a multicenter, statewide, three-year experience.
    • Patankar SK, Ferrara A, Levy JR, et al. Biofeedback in colorectal practice: a multicenter, statewide, three-year experience. Dis Colon Rectum 1997;40:827.
    • (1997) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.40 , pp. 827
    • Patankar, S.K.1    Ferrara, A.2    Levy, J.R.3
  • 232
    • 0026010036 scopus 로고
    • Outlet obstruction constipation (anismus) managed by biofeedback.
    • Kawimbe BM, Papachrysostomou M, Binnie NR, et al. Outlet obstruction constipation (anismus) managed by biofeedback. Gut 1991;32:1175.
    • (1991) Gut , vol.32 , pp. 1175
    • Kawimbe, B.M.1    Papachrysostomou, M.2    Binnie, N.R.3
  • 234
    • 0029066717 scopus 로고
    • Physiological tests to predict long-term outcome of total abdominal colectomy for intractable constipation.
    • Redmond JM, Smith GW, Barofsky I, et al. Physiological tests to predict long-term outcome of total abdominal colectomy for intractable constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 1995;90:748.
    • (1995) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.90 , pp. 748
    • Redmond, J.M.1    Smith, G.W.2    Barofsky, I.3
  • 235
    • 33845393051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ileorectal anastomosis for slow transit constipation: long-term functional and quality of life results.
    • discussion 1336.
    • Hassan I, Pemberton JH, Young-Fadok TM, et al. Ileorectal anastomosis for slow transit constipation: long-term functional and quality of life results. J Gastrointest Surg 2006;10:1330; discussion 1336.
    • (2006) J Gastrointest Surg , vol.10 , pp. 1330
    • Hassan, I.1    Pemberton, J.H.2    Young-Fadok, T.M.3
  • 236
    • 0036141913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appendiceal versus ileal segment for antegrade continence enema.
    • Tackett LD, Minevich E, Benedict JF, et al. Appendiceal versus ileal segment for antegrade continence enema. J Urol 2002;167:683.
    • (2002) J Urol , vol.167 , pp. 683
    • Tackett, L.D.1    Minevich, E.2    Benedict, J.F.3
  • 237
    • 0035127588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous colonoscopic cecostomy for management of chronic constipation in children.
    • Rivera MT, Kugathasan S, Berger W, Werlin SL. Percutaneous colonoscopic cecostomy for management of chronic constipation in children. Gastrointest Endosc 2001;53:225.
    • (2001) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.53 , pp. 225
    • Rivera, M.T.1    Kugathasan, S.2    Berger, W.3    Werlin, S.L.4
  • 238
    • 4544385921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term results of the antegrade continent enema procedure for constipation in adults.
    • Lees NP, Hodson P, Hill J, et al. Long-term results of the antegrade continent enema procedure for constipation in adults. Colorectal Dis 2004;6:362.
    • (2004) Colorectal Dis , vol.6 , pp. 362
    • Lees, N.P.1    Hodson, P.2    Hill, J.3
  • 239
    • 0026002928 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation and surgical treatment of severe chronic constipation.
    • Pemberton JH, Rath DM, Ilstrup DM. Evaluation and surgical treatment of severe chronic constipation. Ann Surg 1991;214:403.
    • (1991) Ann Surg , vol.214 , pp. 403
    • Pemberton, J.H.1    Rath, D.M.2    Ilstrup, D.M.3
  • 240
    • 0029812237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term results of subtotal colectomy and evidence of noncolonic involvement in patients with idiopathic slow-transit constipation.
    • Ghosh S, Papachrysostomou M, Batool M, Eastwood MA. Long-term results of subtotal colectomy and evidence of noncolonic involvement in patients with idiopathic slow-transit constipation. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996;31:1083.
    • (1996) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.31 , pp. 1083
    • Ghosh, S.1    Papachrysostomou, M.2    Batool, M.3    Eastwood, M.A.4
  • 241
    • 0029931562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective randomized controlled study of clinical function and anorectal physiology after low anterior resection: comparison of straight and colonic J pouch anastomoses.
    • Ho YH, Tan M, Seow-Choen F. Prospective randomized controlled study of clinical function and anorectal physiology after low anterior resection: comparison of straight and colonic J pouch anastomoses. Br J Surg 1996;83:978.
    • (1996) Br J Surg , vol.83 , pp. 978
    • Ho, Y.H.1    Tan, M.2    Seow-Choen, F.3
  • 242
    • 0021237058 scopus 로고
    • Results of colectomy for severe idiopathic constipation in women (Arbuthnot Lane's disease).
    • Preston DM, Hawley PR, Lennard-Jones JE, Todd IP. Results of colectomy for severe idiopathic constipation in women (Arbuthnot Lane's disease). Br J Surg 1984;71:547.
    • (1984) Br J Surg , vol.71 , pp. 547
    • Preston, D.M.1    Hawley, P.R.2    Lennard-Jones, J.E.3    Todd, I.P.4
  • 243
    • 0026557068 scopus 로고
    • The value of age of onset and rectal emptying in predicting the outcome of colectomy for severe idiopathic constipation.
    • van der Sijp JR, Kamm MA, Bartram CI, Lennard-Jones JE. The value of age of onset and rectal emptying in predicting the outcome of colectomy for severe idiopathic constipation. Int J Colorectal Dis 1992;7:35.
    • (1992) Int J Colorectal Dis , vol.7 , pp. 35
    • van der Sijp, J.R.1    Kamm, M.A.2    Bartram, C.I.3    Lennard-Jones, J.E.4
  • 244
    • 0035018886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgical treatment of constipation and fecal incontinence.
    • Rotholtz NA, Wexner SD. Surgical treatment of constipation and fecal incontinence. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2001;30:131.
    • (2001) Gastroenterol Clin North Am , vol.30 , pp. 131
    • Rotholtz, N.A.1    Wexner, S.D.2
  • 245
    • 0036850292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined perineal and endorectal repair of rectocele by circular stapler: a novel surgical technique.
    • Altomare DF, Rinalki M, Veglia A, et al. Combined perineal and endorectal repair of rectocele by circular stapler: a novel surgical technique. Dis Colon Rectum 2002;45:1549.
    • (2002) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.45 , pp. 1549
    • Altomare, D.F.1    Rinalki, M.2    Veglia, A.3
  • 246
    • 0021211113 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and manometric features of the solitary rectal ulcer syndrome.
    • Keighley MR, Shouler P. Clinical and manometric features of the solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. Dis Colon Rectum 1984;27:507.
    • (1984) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.27 , pp. 507
    • Keighley, M.R.1    Shouler, P.2
  • 247
    • 33644780108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology and role of biofeedback therapy in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome.
    • Rao SS, Stessman M, De Ocampo S, Ozturk R. Pathophysiology and role of biofeedback therapy in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:613.
    • (2006) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.101 , pp. 613
    • Rao, S.S.1    Stessman, M.2    De Ocampo, S.3    Ozturk, R.4
  • 248
    • 33845623195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the stapled transanal rectal resection technique with two staplers in the treatment of obstructive defecation syndrome.
    • Arroyo A, Perez-Vicente F, Serrano P, et al. Evaluation of the stapled transanal rectal resection technique with two staplers in the treatment of obstructive defecation syndrome. J Am Coll Surg 2007; 204:56.
    • (2007) J Am Coll Surg , vol.204 , pp. 56
    • Arroyo, A.1    Perez-Vicente, F.2    Serrano, P.3
  • 249
    • 3042726673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New trends in the surgical treatment of outlet obstruction: clinical and functional results of two novel transanal stapled techniques from a randomised controlled trial.
    • Boccasanta P, Venturi M, Salamina G, et al. New trends in the surgical treatment of outlet obstruction: clinical and functional results of two novel transanal stapled techniques from a randomised controlled trial. Int J Colorectal Dis 2004;19:359.
    • (2004) Int J Colorectal Dis , vol.19 , pp. 359
    • Boccasanta, P.1    Venturi, M.2    Salamina, G.3
  • 250
    • 33846303123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sacral nerve stimulation induces pan-colonic propagating pressure waves and increases defecation frequency in patients with slow-transit constipation.
    • Dinning PG, Fuentealba SE, Kennedy ML, et al. Sacral nerve stimulation induces pan-colonic propagating pressure waves and increases defecation frequency in patients with slow-transit constipation. Colorectal Dis 2007;9:123.
    • (2007) Colorectal Dis , vol.9 , pp. 123
    • Dinning, P.G.1    Fuentealba, S.E.2    Kennedy, M.L.3
  • 251
    • 34250349464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sacral nerve stimulation for neuro-genic faecal incontinence.
    • Holzer B, Rosen HR, Novi G, et al. Sacral nerve stimulation for neuro-genic faecal incontinence. Br J Surg 2007;94:749.
    • (2007) Br J Surg , vol.94 , pp. 749
    • Holzer, B.1    Rosen, H.R.2    Novi, G.3
  • 252
    • 0036482635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term effects of sacral nerve stimulation for idiopathic slow transit constipation.
    • Malouf AJ, Wiesel PH, Nicholls T, et al. Short-term effects of sacral nerve stimulation for idiopathic slow transit constipation. World J Surg 2002;26:166.
    • (2002) World J Surg , vol.26 , pp. 166
    • Malouf, A.J.1    Wiesel, P.H.2    Nicholls, T.3
  • 253
    • 34848907705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sacral nerve stimulation for constipation: an international multi-center study.
    • Kamm MA, Dudding TC. Sacral nerve stimulation for constipation: an international multi-center study. Gastroenterology 2007;132 (Suppl. 2):198.
    • (2007) Gastroenterology , vol.132 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 198
    • Kamm, M.A.1    Dudding, T.C.2
  • 254
    • 0010950881 scopus 로고
    • A new surgical treatment for Hirschsprung's disease.
    • Swenson O. A new surgical treatment for Hirschsprung's disease. Surgery 1950;28:371.
    • (1950) Surgery , vol.28 , pp. 371
    • Swenson, O.1
  • 255
    • 0014323486 scopus 로고
    • An endorectal pull-through operation with primary anastomosis for Hirchsprung's disease.
    • Boley SJ. An endorectal pull-through operation with primary anastomosis for Hirchsprung's disease. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1968;127:353.
    • (1968) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.127 , pp. 353
    • Boley, S.J.1
  • 256
    • 0021963181 scopus 로고
    • Hirschsprung's disease: progress in management and diagnostics.
    • Nixon HH. Hirschsprung's disease: progress in management and diagnostics. World J Surg 1985;9:189.
    • (1985) World J Surg , vol.9 , pp. 189
    • Nixon, H.H.1
  • 257
    • 0020664274 scopus 로고
    • Severe chronic constipation as a surgical problem.
    • Poisson J, Devroede G. Severe chronic constipation as a surgical problem. Surg Clin North Am 1983;63:193.
    • (1983) Surg Clin North Am , vol.63 , pp. 193
    • Poisson, J.1    Devroede, G.2
  • 258
    • 0022403881 scopus 로고
    • Anorectal function in elderly patients with fecal impaction.
    • Read NW, Abouzekry L, Read MG, et al. Anorectal function in elderly patients with fecal impaction. Gastroenterology 1985;89:959.
    • (1985) Gastroenterology , vol.89 , pp. 959
    • Read, N.W.1    Abouzekry, L.2    Read, M.G.3
  • 259
    • 0023839343 scopus 로고
    • Polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution for intestinal clearance in children with refractory encopresis. A safe and effective therapeutic program.
    • Ingebo KB, Heyman MB. Polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution for intestinal clearance in children with refractory encopresis. A safe and effective therapeutic program. Am J Dis Child 1988;142:340.
    • (1988) Am J Dis Child , vol.142 , pp. 340
    • Ingebo, K.B.1    Heyman, M.B.2
  • 260
    • 0022640628 scopus 로고
    • Golytely: a new approach to faecal impaction in old age.
    • Puxty JA, Fox RA. Golytely: a new approach to faecal impaction in old age. Age Ageing 1986;15:182.
    • (1986) Age Ageing , vol.15 , pp. 182
    • Puxty, J.A.1    Fox, R.A.2
  • 261
    • 58049210968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complications and comorbidities of constipation in adults.
    • Singh G. Complications and comorbidities of constipation in adults. Gastroenterology 2007;132(Suppl. 2):M2135.
    • (2007) Gastroenterology , vol.132 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Singh, G.1
  • 263
    • 35348818080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constipation-Method of investigation.
    • In: Rakel RE, (ed.). Philadelphia: W.B., Saunders Company
    • Rao SS. Constipation-Method of investigation. In: Rakel RE, (ed.). Conn's Current Therapy. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1999:20.
    • (1999) Conn's Current Therapy , pp. 20
    • Rao, S.S.1
  • 264
    • 33749494565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic testing in patients with chronic constipation.
    • Remes-Troche JM, Rao SS. Diagnostic testing in patients with chronic constipation. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2006;8:416.
    • (2006) Curr Gastroenterol Rep , vol.8 , pp. 416
    • Remes-Troche, J.M.1    Rao, S.S.2
  • 265
    • 33746873620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defecation disorders: neuromuscular aspects and treatment.
    • Remes-Troche JM, Rao SS. Defecation disorders: neuromuscular aspects and treatment. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2006;8:291.
    • (2006) Curr Gastroenterol Rep , vol.8 , pp. 291
    • Remes-Troche, J.M.1    Rao, S.S.2
  • 266
    • 0032979293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiology of refractory chronic constipation.
    • Mertz H, Naliboff B, Mayer E. Physiology of refractory chronic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:609.
    • (1999) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.94 , pp. 609
    • Mertz, H.1    Naliboff, B.2    Mayer, E.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.