메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 18, 2005, Pages 2691-2696

Normal aspects of colorectal motility and abnormalities in slow transit constipation

Author keywords

Colonic motility; Constipation; Slow transit

Indexed keywords

SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACID;

EID: 18944384816     PISSN: 10079327     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i18.2691     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (86)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 0026176055 scopus 로고
    • Physiology and pathophysiology of colonic motor activity. Part 1
    • Sarna SK. Physiology and pathophysiology of colonic motor activity. Part 1. Dig Dis Sci 1991; 36: 827-862
    • (1991) Dig. Dis. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 827-862
    • Sarna, S.K.1
  • 4
    • 0021994243 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal changes in myoelectric spiking activity of the human colon
    • Frexinos J, Bueno L, Fioramonti J. Diurnal changes in myoelectric spiking activity of the human colon. Gastroenterology 1985; 88: 1104-1110
    • (1985) Gastroenterology , vol.88 , pp. 1104-1110
    • Frexinos, J.1    Bueno, L.2    Fioramonti, J.3
  • 5
    • 0023084468 scopus 로고
    • Twenty four hour manometric recording of colonic motor activity in healthy man
    • Narducci F, Bassotti G, Gaburri M, Morelli A. Twenty four hour manometric recording of colonic motor activity in healthy man. Gut 1987; 28: 17-25
    • (1987) Gut , vol.28 , pp. 17-25
    • Narducci, F.1    Bassotti, G.2    Gaburri, M.3    Morelli, A.4
  • 6
    • 0142011163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manometric techniques for the evaluation of colonic motor activity: Current status
    • Scott SM. Manometric techniques for the evaluation of colonic motor activity: current status. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2003; 15: 483-513
    • (2003) Neurogastroenterol. Motil. , vol.15 , pp. 483-513
    • Scott, S.M.1
  • 7
    • 0000799163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twenty-four hour manometric recording of colonic motility. A technique with both research and clinical identities
    • Bassotti G, Germani U, Calcara C, Morelli A. Twenty-four hour manometric recording of colonic motility. A technique with both research and clinical identities. Techn Coloproctol 1996; 4: 142-144
    • (1996) Techn. Coloproctol. , vol.4 , pp. 142-144
    • Bassotti, G.1    Germani, U.2    Calcara, C.3    Morelli, A.4
  • 8
    • 0033498749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NASPGN guidelines for training in pediatric gastroenterology
    • NASPGN Executive Council, NASPGN training and Education Committee
    • Rudolph CD, Winter HS. NASPGN guidelines for training in pediatric gastroenterology. NASPGN Executive Council, NASPGN training and Education Committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999; 29: S1-S26
    • (1999) J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. , vol.29
    • Rudolph, C.D.1    Winter, H.S.2
  • 9
    • 0038413342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colon and rectum: Normal function and clinical disorder. Manometry
    • Schuster MM, Crowell MD, Koch KL, eds. 2nd ed. Hamilton BC Decker Inc
    • Bassotti G, Crowell MD. Colon and rectum: normal function and clinical disorder. Manometry. In Schuster MM, Crowell MD, Koch KL, eds. Schuster Atlas of Gastrointestinal Motility in health and disease. 2nd ed. Hamilton BC Decker Inc 2002: 241-252
    • (2002) Schuster Atlas of Gastrointestinal Motility in Health and Disease , pp. 241-252
    • Bassotti, G.1    Crowell, M.D.2
  • 10
    • 0026091988 scopus 로고
    • Method for prolonged ambulatory monitoring of high-amplitude propagated contractions from colon
    • Crowell MD, Bassotti G, Cheskin LJ, Schuster MM, Whitehead WE. Method for prolonged ambulatory monitoring of high-amplitude propagated contractions from colon. Am J Physiol 1991; 261(2 Pt 1): G263-G268
    • (1991) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.261 , Issue.2 PART 1
    • Crowell, M.D.1    Bassotti, G.2    Cheskin, L.J.3    Schuster, M.M.4    Whitehead, W.E.5
  • 11
    • 0030850583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal transit and prolonged ambulatory colonic motility in health and faecal incontinence
    • Herbst F, Kamm MA, Morris GP, Britton K, Woloszko J, Nicholls RJ. Gastrointestinal transit and prolonged ambulatory colonic motility in health and faecal incontinence. Gut 1997; 41: 381-389
    • (1997) Gut , vol.41 , pp. 381-389
    • Herbst, F.1    Kamm, M.A.2    Morris, G.P.3    Britton, K.4    Woloszko, J.5    Nicholls, R.J.6
  • 14
    • 0014318065 scopus 로고
    • Colonic motor activity and bowel function. I. Normal movement of contents
    • Ritchie JA. Colonic motor activity and bowel function. I. Normal movement of contents. Gut 1968; 9: 442-456
    • (1968) Gut , vol.9 , pp. 442-456
    • Ritchie, J.A.1
  • 15
    • 0032976791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonic motility in man: Features in normal subjects and in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation
    • Bassotti G, Iantorno G, Fiorella S, Bustos-Fernandez L, Bilder CR. Colonic motility in man: features in normal subjects and in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94: 1760-1770
    • (1999) Am. J. Gastroenterol. , vol.94 , pp. 1760-1770
    • Bassotti, G.1    Iantorno, G.2    Fiorella, S.3    Bustos-Fernandez, L.4    Bilder, C.R.5
  • 17
    • 0028342853 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between pressure changes and solid transport in the human left colon
    • Garcia-Olmo D, Garcia-Picazo D, Lopez-Fando J. Correlation between pressure changes and solid transport in the human left colon. Int J Colorect Dis 1994; 9: 87-91
    • (1994) Int. J. Colorect. Dis. , vol.9 , pp. 87-91
    • Garcia-Olmo, D.1    Garcia-Picazo, D.2    Lopez-Fando, J.3
  • 19
    • 0036051464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In search of objective manometric criteria for colonic high-amplitude propagated pressure waves
    • De Schryver AM, Samsom M, Smout AJ. In search of objective manometric criteria for colonic high-amplitude propagated pressure waves. Neurogastroenterol Mot 2002; 14: 375-381
    • (2002) Neurogastroenterol. Mot. , vol.14 , pp. 375-381
    • De Schryver, A.M.1    Samsom, M.2    Smout, A.J.3
  • 20
    • 0017257508 scopus 로고
    • Intraluminal pressures during perfusion of the human colon in situ
    • Chauve A, Devroede G, Bastin E. Intraluminal pressures during perfusion of the human colon in situ. Gastroenterology 1976; 70: 336-340
    • (1976) Gastroenterology , vol.70 , pp. 336-340
    • Chauve, A.1    Devroede, G.2    Bastin, E.3
  • 21
    • 0029843461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of different infusion regimens on colonic motility and efficacy of colostomy irrigation
    • Gattuso JM, Kamm MA, Myers C, Saunders B, Roy A. Effect of different infusion regimens on colonic motility and efficacy of colostomy irrigation. Br J Surg 1996; 83: 1459-1462
    • (1996) Br. J. Surg. , vol.83 , pp. 1459-1462
    • Gattuso, J.M.1    Kamm, M.A.2    Myers, C.3    Saunders, B.4    Roy, A.5
  • 23
    • 0029872002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flatus-related colorectal and anal motor events
    • Bassotti G, Germani U, Morelli A. Flatus-related colorectal and anal motor events. Dig Dis Sci 1996; 41: 335-338
    • (1996) Dig. Dis. Sci. , vol.41 , pp. 335-338
    • Bassotti, G.1    Germani, U.2    Morelli, A.3
  • 24
    • 0001659383 scopus 로고
    • The passage of food along the human alimentary canal
    • Hertz AF. The passage of food along the human alimentary canal. Guy's Hosp Rep 1907; 61: 389-427
    • (1907) Guy's Hosp. Rep. , vol.61 , pp. 389-427
    • Hertz, A.F.1
  • 27
    • 0024262055 scopus 로고
    • Manometric investigation of high-amplitude propagated contractile activity of the human colon
    • Bassotti G, Gaburri M. Manometric investigation of high-amplitude propagated contractile activity of the human colon. Am J Physiol 1988; 255(5 Pt 1): G660-G664
    • (1988) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.255 , Issue.5 PART 1
    • Bassotti, G.1    Gaburri, M.2
  • 28
    • 0026700062 scopus 로고
    • Colonic high-amplitude propagated contractions (mass movements): Repeated 24-h studies in healthy volunteers
    • Bassotti G, Betti C, Fusaro C, Morelli A. Colonic high-amplitude propagated contractions (mass movements): repeated 24-h studies in healthy volunteers. J Gastrointest Mot 1992; 4: 187-191
    • (1992) J. Gastrointest. Mot. , vol.4 , pp. 187-191
    • Bassotti, G.1    Betti, C.2    Fusaro, C.3    Morelli, A.4
  • 30
    • 0034078379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal organization of pressure patterns throughout the unprepared colon during spontaneous defecation
    • Bampton PA, Dinning PG, Kennedy ML, Lubowski DZ, deCarle D, Cook IJ. Spatial and temporal organization of pressure patterns throughout the unprepared colon during spontaneous defecation. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95: 1027-1035
    • (2000) Am. J. Gastroenterol. , vol.95 , pp. 1027-1035
    • Bampton, P.A.1    Dinning, P.G.2    Kennedy, M.L.3    Lubowski, D.Z.4    deCarle, D.5    Cook, I.J.6
  • 32
    • 0036016833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periodic colonic motor activity identified by 24-h pancolonic ambulatory manometry in humans
    • Hagger R, Kumar D, Benson M, Grundy A. Periodic colonic motor activity identified by 24-h pancolonic ambulatory manometry in humans. Neurogastroenterol Mot 2002; 14: 271-278
    • (2002) Neurogastroenterol. Mot. , vol.14 , pp. 271-278
    • Hagger, R.1    Kumar, D.2    Benson, M.3    Grundy, A.4
  • 33
    • 0029932901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periodic rectal motor activity: The intrinsic colonic gatekeeper?
    • Rao SSC, Welcher K. Periodic rectal motor activity: the intrinsic colonic gatekeeper? Am J Gastroenterol 1996; 91: 890-897
    • (1996) Am. J. Gastroenterol. , vol.91 , pp. 890-897
    • Rao, S.S.C.1    Welcher, K.2
  • 38
    • 0022398251 scopus 로고
    • The response of the colon to eating
    • Christensen J. The response of the colon to eating. Am J Clin Nutr 1985; 42: 1025-1032
    • (1985) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.42 , pp. 1025-1032
    • Christensen, J.1
  • 39
    • 0023216927 scopus 로고
    • Transverse and sigmoid colon motility in healthy humans: Effects of eating and of cimetropium bromide
    • Bassotti G, Imbimbo BP, Gaburri M, Daniotti S, Morelli A. Transverse and sigmoid colon motility in healthy humans: effects of eating and of cimetropium bromide. Digestion 1987; 37: 59-64
    • (1987) Digestion , vol.37 , pp. 59-64
    • Bassotti, G.1    Imbimbo, B.P.2    Gaburri, M.3    Daniotti, S.4    Morelli, A.5
  • 41
    • 0023898326 scopus 로고
    • Participation of gastric mechanoreceptors and intestinal chemoreceptors in the gastrocolonic response
    • Wiley J, Tatum D, Keinath R, Chung OY. Participation of gastric mechanoreceptors and intestinal chemoreceptors in the gastrocolonic response. Gastroenterology 1988; 94: 1144-1149
    • (1988) Gastroenterology , vol.94 , pp. 1144-1149
    • Wiley, J.1    Tatum, D.2    Keinath, R.3    Chung, O.Y.4
  • 42
    • 0034080718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fat and carbohydrate meals on colonic motor response
    • Rao SS, Kavelock R, Beaty J, Ackerson K, Stumbo P. Effects of fat and carbohydrate meals on colonic motor response. Gut 2000; 46: 205-211
    • (2000) Gut , vol.46 , pp. 205-211
    • Rao, S.S.1    Kavelock, R.2    Beaty, J.3    Ackerson, K.4    Stumbo, P.5
  • 45
    • 0029863442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anorectal and pelvic floor function. Relevance of continence, incontinence, and constipation
    • Sagar PM, Pemberton JH. Anorectal and pelvic floor function. Relevance of continence, incontinence, and constipation. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1996; 25: 163-182
    • (1996) Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. , vol.25 , pp. 163-182
    • Sagar, P.M.1    Pemberton, J.H.2
  • 47
    • 0034073327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slow transit constipation: A model of human gut dysmotility. Review of possible aetiologies
    • Knowles CH, Martin JE. Slow transit constipation: a model of human gut dysmotility. Review of possible aetiologies. Neurogastroenterol Mot 2000; 12: 181-196
    • (2000) Neurogastroenterol. Mot. , vol.12 , pp. 181-196
    • Knowles, C.H.1    Martin, J.E.2
  • 49
    • 0023727667 scopus 로고
    • Colonic and anorectal motility in young women with severe idiopathic constipation
    • Waldron D, Bowes KL, Kingma YJ, Cote KR. Colonic and anorectal motility in young women with severe idiopathic constipation. Gastroenterology 1988; 95: 1388-1394
    • (1988) Gastroenterology , vol.95 , pp. 1388-1394
    • Waldron, D.1    Bowes, K.L.2    Kingma, Y.J.3    Cote, K.R.4
  • 50
    • 0021912458 scopus 로고
    • Pelvic motility and response to intraluminal bisacodyl in slow-transit constipation
    • Preston DM, Lennard-Jones JE. Pelvic motility and response to intraluminal bisacodyl in slow-transit constipation. Dig Dis Sci 1985; 30: 289-294
    • (1985) Dig. Dis. Sci. , vol.30 , pp. 289-294
    • Preston, D.M.1    Lennard-Jones, J.E.2
  • 51
    • 0028059431 scopus 로고
    • Prolonged ambulatory recording of anorectal motility in patients with slow-transit constipation
    • Ferrara A, Pemberton JH, Grotz RL, Hanson RB. Prolonged ambulatory recording of anorectal motility in patients with slow-transit constipation. Am J Surg 1994; 167: 73-79
    • (1994) Am. J. Surg. , vol.167 , pp. 73-79
    • Ferrara, A.1    Pemberton, J.H.2    Grotz, R.L.3    Hanson, R.B.4
  • 52
    • 0027315614 scopus 로고
    • Impaired colonic motor response to cholinergic stimulation in patients with severe chronic idiopathic (slow transit type) constipation
    • Bassotti G, Chiarioni G, Imbimbo BP, Betti C, Bonfante F, Vantini I, Morelli A, Whitehead WE. Impaired colonic motor response to cholinergic stimulation in patients with severe chronic idiopathic (slow transit type) constipation. Dig Dis Sci 1993; 38: 1040-1045
    • (1993) Dig. Dis. Sci. , vol.38 , pp. 1040-1045
    • Bassotti, G.1    Chiarioni, G.2    Imbimbo, B.P.3    Betti, C.4    Bonfante, F.5    Vantini, I.6    Morelli, A.7    Whitehead, W.E.8
  • 54
    • 0344629884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonic propulsive impairment in intractable slow transit constipation
    • Bassotti G, Chistolini F, Sietchiping Nzepa F, Morelli A. Colonic propulsive impairment in intractable slow transit constipation. Arch Surg 2003; 138: 1302-1304
    • (2003) Arch. Surg. , vol.138 , pp. 1302-1304
    • Bassotti, G.1    Chistolini, F.2    Sietchiping Nzepa, F.3    Morelli, A.4
  • 55
    • 0027050311 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the characteristics of stimulated defaecation in severe idiopathic constipation
    • Kamm MA, van der Sijp JRM, Lennard-Jones JE. Observations on the characteristics of stimulated defaecation in severe idiopathic constipation. Int J Colorect Dis 1992; 7: 197-201
    • (1992) Int. J. Colorect. Dis. , vol.7 , pp. 197-201
    • Kamm, M.A.1    van der Sijp, J.R.M.2    Lennard-Jones, J.E.3
  • 56
    • 0028070934 scopus 로고
    • Anorectal manometric abnormalities and colonic propulsive impairment in patients with severe chronic idiopathic constipation
    • Bassotti G, Chiarioni G, Vantini I, Betti C, Fusaro C, Pelli MA, Morelli A. Anorectal manometric abnormalities and colonic propulsive impairment in patients with severe chronic idiopathic constipation. Dig Dis Sci 1994; 39: 1558-1564
    • (1994) Dig. Dis. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 1558-1564
    • Bassotti, G.1    Chiarioni, G.2    Vantini, I.3    Betti, C.4    Fusaro, C.5    Pelli, M.A.6    Morelli, A.7
  • 57
    • 0032893830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoluminal instillation of bisacodyl in patients with severe (slow transit type) constipation is useful to test residual colonic propulsive activity
    • Bassotti G, Chiarioni G, Germani U, Battaglia E, Vantini I, Morelli A. Endoluminal instillation of bisacodyl in patients with severe (slow transit type) constipation is useful to test residual colonic propulsive activity. Digestion 1999; 60: 69-73
    • (1999) Digestion , vol.60 , pp. 69-73
    • Bassotti, G.1    Chiarioni, G.2    Germani, U.3    Battaglia, E.4    Vantini, I.5    Morelli, A.6
  • 58
    • 0036073990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired gastrocolonic response and peristaltic reflex in slow-transit constipation: Role of 5-HT(3) pathways
    • Bjornsson ES, Chey WD, Hooper F, Woods ML, Owyang C, Hasler WL. Impaired gastrocolonic response and peristaltic reflex in slow-transit constipation: role of 5-HT(3) pathways. Am J Physiol 2002; 283: G400-G407
    • (2002) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.283
    • Bjornsson, E.S.1    Chey, W.D.2    Hooper, F.3    Woods, M.L.4    Owyang, C.5    Hasler, W.L.6
  • 59
    • 0142091275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonic motor activity in slow-transit idiopathic constipation as identified by 24-h pancolonic ambulatory manometry
    • Hagger R, Kumar D, Benson M, Grundy A. Colonic motor activity in slow-transit idiopathic constipation as identified by 24-h pancolonic ambulatory manometry. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2003; 15: 515-522
    • (2003) Neurogastroenterol. Motil. , vol.15 , pp. 515-522
    • Hagger, R.1    Kumar, D.2    Benson, M.3    Grundy, A.4
  • 60
    • 0026504029 scopus 로고
    • Extensive investigation on colonic motility with pharmacologic testing is useful for selecting surgical options in patients with inertia colica
    • Bassotti G, Betti C, Pelli MA, Morelli A. Extensive investigation on colonic motility with pharmacologic testing is useful for selecting surgical options in patients with inertia colica. Am J Gastroenterol 1992; 87: 143-147
    • (1992) Am. J. Gastroenterol. , vol.87 , pp. 143-147
    • Bassotti, G.1    Betti, C.2    Pelli, M.A.3    Morelli, A.4
  • 61
    • 0042919164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electric activity of the colon in subjects with constipation due to total colonic inertia: An electrophysiological study
    • Shafik A, Shafik AA, El-Sibai O, Mostafa RM. Electric activity of the colon in subjects with constipation due to total colonic inertia: an electrophysiological study. Arch Surg 2003; 138: 1007-1011
    • (2003) Arch. Surg. , vol.138 , pp. 1007-1011
    • Shafik, A.1    Shafik, A.A.2    El-Sibai, O.3    Mostafa, R.M.4
  • 62
    • 0025203015 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for motor neuropathy and reduced filling of the rectum in chronic intractable constipation
    • Waldron DJ, Kumar D, Hallan RI, Wingate DL, Williams NS. Evidence for motor neuropathy and reduced filling of the rectum in chronic intractable constipation. Gut 1990; 31: 1284-1288
    • (1990) Gut , vol.31 , pp. 1284-1288
    • Waldron, D.J.1    Kumar, D.2    Hallan, R.I.3    Wingate, D.L.4    Williams, N.S.5
  • 63
    • 0026059375 scopus 로고
    • Prolonged (24-hour) manometric recording of rectal contractile activity in patients with slow transit constipation
    • Bassotti G, Betti C, Pelli MA, Morelli A. Prolonged (24-hour) manometric recording of rectal contractile activity in patients with slow transit constipation. Digestion 1991; 49: 72-77
    • (1991) Digestion , vol.49 , pp. 72-77
    • Bassotti, G.1    Betti, C.2    Pelli, M.A.3    Morelli, A.4
  • 64
    • 0035688933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered periodic rectal motor activity: A mechanism for slow transit constipation
    • Rao SSC, Sadeghi P, Batterson K, Beaty J. Altered periodic rectal motor activity: a mechanism for slow transit constipation. Neurogastoenterol Mot 2001; 13: 591-598
    • (2001) Neurogastoenterol. Mot. , vol.13 , pp. 591-598
    • Rao, S.S.C.1    Sadeghi, P.2    Batterson, K.3    Beaty, J.4
  • 66
    • 0031703550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intact colonic motor response to sudden awakening from sleep in patients with chronic idiopathic (slow-transit) constipation
    • Bassotti G, Germani U, Fiorella S, Roselli P, Brunori P, Whitehead WE. Intact colonic motor response to sudden awakening from sleep in patients with chronic idiopathic (slow-transit) constipation. Dis Colon Rectum 1998; 41: 1550-1556
    • (1998) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.41 , pp. 1550-1556
    • Bassotti, G.1    Germani, U.2    Fiorella, S.3    Roselli, P.4    Brunori, P.5    Whitehead, W.E.6
  • 69
    • 0026732666 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal rectosigmoid myoelectric response to eating in patients with severe idiopathic constipation (slow-transit type)
    • Bassotti G, Morelli A, Whitehead WE. Abnormal rectosigmoid myoelectric response to eating in patients with severe idiopathic constipation (slow-transit type). Dis Colon Rectum 1992; 35: 753-756
    • (1992) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.35 , pp. 753-756
    • Bassotti, G.1    Morelli, A.2    Whitehead, W.E.3
  • 71
    • 0038388261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a meal and bisacodyl on colonic motility in healthy volunteers and patients with slow-transit constipation
    • De Schryver AM, Samsom M, Smout AI. Effects of a meal and bisacodyl on colonic motility in healthy volunteers and patients with slow-transit constipation. Dig Dis Sci 2003; 48: 1206-1212
    • (2003) Dig. Dis. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 1206-1212
    • De Schryver, A.M.1    Samsom, M.2    Smout, A.I.3
  • 74
    • 0036251177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of nitric oxide in the colon of patients with slow-transit constipation
    • Tomita R, Fujisaki S, Ikeda T, Fukuzawa M. Role of nitric oxide in the colon of patients with slow-transit constipation. Dis Colon Rectum 2002; 45: 593-600
    • (2002) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.45 , pp. 593-600
    • Tomita, R.1    Fujisaki, S.2    Ikeda, T.3    Fukuzawa, M.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.