Transcriptional regulation of CXC-ELR chemokines KC and MIP-2 in mouse pancreatic acini

American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology

Volumn 299, Issue 4, 2010, Pages

  Orlichenko, Lidiya S ^a   Behari, Jaideep ^a   Yeh, Tzu Hsuan ^a   Liu, Shiguang ^a   Stolz, Donna B ^b   Saluja, Ashok K ^c   Singh, Vijay P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Acinar; Activator protein 1; Keratinocyte cytokine; Macrophage inflammatory protein 2; Nuclear factor B

Indexed keywords

CERULETIDE; I KAPPA B; MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 2; MESSENGER RNA; PROTEIN KINASE C; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP 1; 9-DEOXY-DELTA-9-PROSTAGLANDIN D2; CALCIUM; CXCL1 CHEMOKINE; CXCL1 PROTEIN, MOUSE; CXCL2 CHEMOKINE; CXCL2 PROTEIN, MOUSE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; PROSTAGLANDIN D2;

ACINAR CELL; ACUTE PANCREATITIS; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; CELL ACTIVATION; CELL CULTURE; KERATINOCYTE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; UPREGULATION; ANALOGS AND DERIVATIVES; ANIMAL; ANTAGONISTS AND INHIBITORS; CYTOLOGY; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; GENETICS; INFLAMMATION; METABOLISM; PANCREAS; PHYSIOLOGY; TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUE;

ANIMALS; CAERULEIN; CALCIUM; CHEMOKINE CXCL1; CHEMOKINE CXCL2; INFLAMMATION; MICE; NF-KAPPA B; PANCREAS; PROSTAGLANDIN D2; PROTEIN KINASE C; RNA, MESSENGER; TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC; UP-REGULATION; CERULETIDE;

EID: 77957374326     PISSN: 01931857     EISSN: 15221547     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00177.2010     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Algul H, Tando Y, Beil M, Weber CK, Von Weyhern C, Schneider G, Adler G, Schmid RM. Different modes of NF-κB/Rel activation in pancreatic lobules. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 283: G270-G281, 2002. (Pubitemid 34791292)
2. Algul H, Treiber M, Lesina M, Nakhai H, Saur D, Geisler F, Pfeifer A, Paxian S, Schmid RM. Pancreas-specific RelA/p65 truncation increases susceptibility of acini to inflammation-associated cell death following cerulein pancreatitis. J Clin Invest 117: 1490-1501, 2007. (Pubitemid 46871334)
3. Andoh A, Takaya H, Saotome T, Shimada M, Hata K, Araki Y, Nakamura F, Shintani Y, Fujiyama Y, Bamba T. Cytokine regulation of chemokine (IL-8, MCP-1, and RANTES) gene expression in human pancreatic periacinar myofibroblasts. Gastroenterology 119: 211-219, 2000.
4. Angel P, Imagawa M, Chiu R, Stein B, Imbra RJ, Rahmsdorf HJ, Jonat C, Herrlich P, Karin M. Phorbol ester-inducible genes contain a common cis element recognized by a TPA-modulated trans-acting factor. Cell 49: 729-739, 1987.
5. Baggiolini M, Dewald B, Moser B. Human chemokines: an update. Ann Rev Immunol 15: 675-705, 1997.
6. Baumann B, Wagner M, Aleksic T, von Wichert G, Weber CK, Adler G, Wirth T. Constitutive IKK2 activation in acinar cells is sufficient to induce pancreatitis in vivo. J Clin Invest 117: 1502-1513, 2007.
7. Behari J, Yeh TH, Krauland L, Otruba W, Cieply B, Hauth B, Apte U, Wu T, Evans R, Monga SP. Liver-specific beta-catenin knockout mice exhibit defective bile acid and cholesterol homeostasis and increased susceptibility to diet-induced steatohepatitis. Am J Pathol 176: 744-753.
8. Bhatia M, Brady M, Kang YK, Costello E, Newton DJ, Christmas SE, Neoptolemos JP, Slavin J. MCP-1 but not CINC synthesis is increased in rat pancreatic acini in response to cerulein hyperstimulation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 282: G77-G85, 2002. (Pubitemid 34650101)
9. Bhatia M, Brady M, Zagorski J, Christmas SE, Campbell F, Neoptolemos JP, Slavin J. Treatment with neutralising antibody against cytokine induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) protects rats against acute pancreatitis associated lung injury. Gut 47: 838-844, 2000.
10. Bhatia M, Hegde A. Treatment with antileukinate, a CXCR2 chemokine receptor antagonist, protects mice against acute pancreatitis and associated lung injury. Regul Pept 138: 40-48, 2007. (Pubitemid 44918129)
11. Blinman TA, Gukovsky I, Mouria M, Zaninovic V, Livingston E, Pandol SJ, Gukovskaya AS. Activation of pancreatic acinar cells on isolation from tissue: cytokine upregulation via p38 MAP kinase. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 279: C1993-C2003, 2000.
12. Boyault S, Simonin MA, Bianchi A, Compe E, Liagre B, Mainard D, Becuwe P, Dauca M, Netter P, Terlain B, Bordji K. 15-Deoxydelta12,14- PGJ2, but not troglitazone, modulates IL-1beta effects in human chondrocytes by inhibiting NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation pathways. FEBS Lett 501: 24-30, 2001.
13. Bozic CR, Kolakowski LF Jr, Gerard NP, Garcia-Rodriguez C, von Uexkull-Guldenband C, Conklyn MJ, Breslow R, Showell HJ, Gerard C. Expression and biologic characterization of the murine chemokine KC. J Immunol 154: 6048-6057, 1995.
14. Call DR, Nemzek JA, Ebong SJ, Bolgos GR, Newcomb DE, Wollenberg GK, Remick DG. Differential local and systemic regulation of the murine chemokines KC and MIP2. Shock 15: 278-284, 2001.
15. Chen X, Ji B, Han B, Ernst SA, Simeone D, Logsdon CD. NF-kappaB activation in pancreas induces pancreatic and systemic inflammatory response. Gastroenterology 122: 448-457, 2002.
16. Conze D, Krahl T, Kennedy N, Weiss L, Lumsden J, Hess P, Flavell RA, Le Gros G, Davis RJ, Rincon M. c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK)1 and JNK2 have distinct roles in CD8(+) T cell activation. J Exp Med 195: 811-823, 2002.
17. Crabtree GR. Contingent genetic regulatory events in T lymphocyte activation. Science 243: 355-361, 1989. (Pubitemid 19047509)
18. Delerive P, De Bosscher K, Besnard S, Vanden Berghe W, Peters JM, Gonzalez FJ, Fruchart JC, Tedgui A, Haegeman G, Staels B. Perox- isome proliferator-activated receptor alpha negatively regulates the vascular inflammatory gene response by negative cross-talk with transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1. J Biol Chem 274: 32048-32054, 1999.
19. Deng T, Karin M. c-Fos transcriptional activity stimulated by H-Ras-activated protein kinase distinct from JNK and ERK. Nature 371: 171-175, 1994.
20. Diab A, Abdalla H, Li HL, Shi FD, Zhu J, Hojberg B, Lindquist L, Wretlind B, Bakhiet M, Link H. Neutralization of macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) and MIP-1alpha attenuates neutrophil recruitment in the central nervous system during experimental bacterial meningitis. Infect Immun 67: 2590-2601, 1999. (Pubitemid 29200523)
21. Dyer RB, Herzog NK. Isolation of intact nuclei for nuclear extract preparation from a fragile B-lymphocyte cell line. Biotechniques 19: 192-195, 1995.
22. Faouzi S, Burckhardt BE, Hanson JC, Campe CB, Schrum LW, Rippe RA, Maher JJ. Anti-Fas induces hepatic chemokines and promotes inflammation by an NF-kappa B-independent, caspase-3-dependent pathway. J Biol Chem 276: 49077-49082, 2001.
23. Feng L, Xia Y, Yoshimura T, Wilson CB. Modulation of neutrophil influx in glomerulonephritis in the rat with anti-macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) antibody. J Clin Invest 95: 1009-1017, 1995.
24. Frossard JL, Saluja AK, Mach N, Lee HS, Bhagat L, Hadenque A, Rubbia-Brandt L, Dranoff G, Steer ML. In vivo evidence for the role of GM-CSF as a mediator in acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 283: L541-L548, 2002.
25. Grady T, Liang P, Ernst SA, Logsdon CD. Chemokine gene expression in rat pancreatic acinar cells is an early event associated with acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 113: 1966-1975, 1997.
26. Gukovskaya AS, Gukovsky I, Zaninovic V, Song M, Sandoval D, Gukovsky S, Pandol SJ. Pancreatic acinar cells produce, release, and respond to tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Role in regulating cell death and pancreatitis. J Clin Invest 100: 1853-1862, 1997.
27. Gukovsky I, Gukovskaya AS, Blinman TA, Zaninovic V, Pandol SJ. Early NF-kappaB activation is associated with hormone-induced pancreatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 275: G1402-G1414, 1998. (Pubitemid 128734348)
28. Gukovsky I, Reyes CN, Vaquero EC, Gukovskaya AS, Pandol SJ. Curcumin ameliorates ethanol and nonethanol experimental pancreatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 284: G85-G95, 2003. (Pubitemid 36076253)
29. Han B, Ji B, Logsdon CD. CCK independently activates intracellular trypsinogen and NF-κB in rat pancreatic acinar cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 280: C465-C472, 2001.
30. Han B, Logsdon CD. CCK stimulates mob-1 expression and NF-kappaB activation via protein kinase C and intracellular Ca2+. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 278: C344-C351, 2000. (Pubitemid 30131152)
31. Han B, Logsdon CD. Cholecystokinin induction of mob-1 chemokine expression in pancreatic acinar cells requires NF-κB activation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 277: C74-C82, 1999. (Pubitemid 29352627)
32. Hashimoto K, Ethridge RT, Saito H, Rajaraman S, Evers BM. The PPARgamma ligand, 15d-PGJ2, attenuates the severity of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 27: 58-66, 2003.
33. Hess J, Angel P, Schorpp-Kistner M. AP-1 subunits: quarrel and harmony among siblings. J Cell Sci 117: 5965-5973, 2004.
34. Hietaranta AJ, Saluja AK, Bhagat L, Singh VP, Song AM, Steer ML. Relationship between NF-kappaB and trypsinogen activation in rat pancreas after supramaximal caerulein stimulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 280: 388-395, 2001.
35. Hipp MS, Urbich C, Mayer P, Wischhusen J, Weller M, Kracht M, Spyridopoulos I. Proteasome inhibition leads to NF-kappaB-independent IL-8 transactivation in human endothelial cells through induction of AP-1. Eur J Immunol 32: 2208-2217, 2002.
36. Hirohata Y, Fujii M, Okabayashi Y, Nagashio Y, Tashiro M, Imoto I, Akiyama T, Otsuki M. Stimulatory effects of bilirubin on amylase release from isolated rat pancreatic acini. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 282: G249-G256, 2002. (Pubitemid 34651681)
37. Hofbauer B, Saluja AK, Lerch MM, Bhagat L, Bhatia M, Lee HS, Frossard JL, Adler G, Steer ML. Intra-acinar cell activation of trypsinogen during caerulein-induced pancreatitis in rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 275: G352-G362, 1998. (Pubitemid 28390073)
38. Huang C, Ma WY, Dawson MI, Rincon M, Flavell RA, Dong Z. Blocking activator protein-1 activity, but not activating retinoic acid response element, is required for the antitumor promotion effect of retinoic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 5826-5830, 1997. (Pubitemid 27241856)
39. Huber AR, Kunkel SL, Todd RF, 3rd, Weiss SJ. Regulation of trans-endothelial neutrophil migration by endogenous interleukin-8. Science 254: 99-102, 1991.
40. Jaramillo M, Olivier M. Hydrogen peroxide induces murine macrophage chemokine gene transcription via extracellular signal-regulated kinase-and cyclic adenosine 5=-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent pathways: involvement of NF-kappa B, activator protein 1, and cAMP response element binding protein. J Immunol 169: 7026-7038, 2002. (Pubitemid 36899290)
41. Ji B, Gaiser S, Chen X, Ernst SA, Logsdon CD. Intracellular trypsin induces pancreatic acinar cell death but not NF-kappaB activation. J Biol Chem 284: 17488-17498, 2009.
42. Jones SA, Dewald B, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M. Chemokine antagonists that discriminate between interleukin-8 receptors. Selective blockers of CXCR2. J Biol Chem 272: 16166-16169, 1997. (Pubitemid 27276432)
43. Kansanen E, Kivela AM, Levonen AL. Regulation of Nrf2-dependent gene expression by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. Free Radic Biol Med 47: 1310-1317, 2009.
44. Karin M. The regulation of AP-1 activity by mitogen-activated protein kinases. J Biol Chem 270: 16483-16486, 1995.
45. Li M, Pascual G, Glass CK. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent repression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. Mol Cell Biol 20: 4699-4707, 2000.
46. Lippert U, Artuc M, Grutzkau A, Moller A, Kenderessy-Szabo A, Schadendorf D, Norgauer J, Hartmann K, Schweitzer-Stenner R, Zuberbier T, Henz BM, Kruger-Krasagakes S. Expression and functional activity of the IL-8 receptor type CXCR1 and CXCR2 on human mast cells. J Immunol 161: 2600-2608, 1998.
47. Liu H, Palmer D, Jimmo SL, Tilley DG, Dunkerley HA, Pang SC, Maurice DH. Expression of phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) is regulated by both the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. A potential mechanism allowing for the coordinated regulation of PDE4D activity and expression in cells. J Biol Chem 275: 26615-26624, 2000.
48. Mueller JM, Pahl HL. Assaying NF-kappa B and AP-1 DNA-binding and transcriptional activity. Methods Mol Biol 99: 205-216, 2000.
49. Nagar AB, Gorelick FS. Acute pancreatitis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 20: 439-443, 2004.
50. Nguyen TD, Moody MW, Steinhoff M, Okolo C, Koh DS, Bunnett NW. Trypsin activates pancreatic duct epithelial cell ion channels through proteinase-activated receptor-2. J Clin Invest 103: 261-269, 1999.
51. Nossuli TO, Frangogiannis NG, Knuefermann P, Lakshminarayanan V, Dewald O, Evans AJ, Peschon J, Mann DL, Michael LH, Entman ML. Brief murine myocardial I/R induces chemokines in a TNF-alpha-independent manner: role of oxygen radicals. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 281: H2549-H2558, 2001. (Pubitemid 34003441)
52. Orlichenko L, Huang B, Krueger E, McNiven MA. Epithelial growth factor-induced phosphorylation of caveolin 1 at tyrosine 14 stimulates caveolae formation in epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 281: 4570-4579, 2006. (Pubitemid 43847715)
53. Pandol SJ, Periskic S, Gukovsky I, Zaninovic V, Jung Y, Zong Y, Solomon TE, Gukovskaya AS, Tsukamoto H. Ethanol diet increases the sensitivity of rats to pancreatitis induced by cholecystokinin octapeptide. Gastroenterology 117: 706-716, 1999.
54. Pandol SJ, Raraty M. Pathobiology of alcoholic pancreatitis. Pancreatology 7: 105-114, 2007.
55. Pandol SJ, Saluja AK, Imrie CW, Banks PA. Acute pancreatitis: bench to the bedside. Gastroenterology 133: e1051-e1056, 2007.
56. Pastor CM, Rubbia-Brandt L, Hadengue A, Jordan M, Morel P, Frossard JL. Role of macrophage inflammatory peptide-2 in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Lab Invest 83: 471-478, 2003.
57. Rao SS, Watt IA, Donaldson LA, Crocket A, Joffe SN. A serial histologic study of the development and progression of acute pancreatitis in the rat. Am J Pathol 103: 39-46, 1981.
58. Ribaux P, Ehses JA, Lin-Marq N, Carrozzino F, Boni-Schnetzler M, Hammar E, Irminger JC, Donath MY, Halban PA. Induction of CXCL1 by extracellular matrix and autocrine enhancement by interleukin- 1 in rat pancreatic beta-cells. Endocrinology 148: 5582-5590, 2007.
59. Rincon M, Flavell RA. AP-1 transcriptional activity requires both T-cell receptor-mediated and co-stimulatory signals in primary T lymphocytes. EMBO J 13: 4370-4381, 1994. (Pubitemid 24295209)
60. Roebuck KA, Carpenter LR, Lakshminarayanan V, Page SM, Moy JN, Thomas LL. Stimulus-specific regulation of chemokine expression involves differential activation of the redox-responsive transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kappaB. J Leukoc Biol 65: 291-298, 1999. (Pubitemid 29109699)
61. Saluja AK, Bhagat L, Lee HS, Bhatia M, Frossard JL, Steer ML. Secretagogue-induced digestive enzyme activation and cell injury in rat pancreatic acini. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 276: G835-G842, 1999. (Pubitemid 29214095)
62. Saluja AK, Saluja M, Printz H, Zavertnik A, Sengupta A, Steer ML. Experimental pancreatitis is mediated by low-affinity cholecystokinin receptors that inhibit digestive enzyme secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 8968-8971, 1989. (Pubitemid 20010347)
63. Sandoval D, Gukovskaya A, Reavey P, Gukovsky S, Sisk A, Braquet P, Pandol SJ, Poucell-Hatton S. The role of neutrophils and platelet-activating factor in mediating experimental pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 111: 1081-1091, 1996.
64. Sankaran H, Goldfine ID, Bailey A, Licko V, Williams JA. Relationship of cholecystokinin receptor binding to regulation of biological functions in pancreatic acini. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 242: G250-G257, 1982.
65. Scher JU, Pillinger MH. The anti-inflammatory effects of prostaglandins. J Investig Med 57: 703-708, 2009.
66. Schmal H, Shanley TP, Jones ML, Friedl HP, Ward PA. Role for macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in rats. J Immunol 156: 1963-1972, 1996.
67. Shi MM, Chong I, Godleski JJ, Paulauskis JD. Regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 gene expression by oxidative stress in rat alveolar macrophages. Immunology 97: 309-315, 1999.
68. Shokuhi S, Bhatia M, Christmas S, Sutton R, Neoptolemos JP, Slavin J. Levels of the chemokines growth-related oncogene alpha and epithelial neutrophil-activating protein 78 are raised in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 89: 566-572, 2002.
69. Shyy JY, Lin MC, Han J, Lu Y, Petrime M, Chien S. The cis-acting phorbol ester "12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate"-responsive element is involved in shear stress-induced monocyte chemotactic protein 1 gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 8069-8073, 1995.
70. Singh VP, Bhagat L, Navina S, Sharif R, Dawra RK, Saluja AK. Protease-activated receptor-2 protects against pancreatitis by stimulating exocrine secretion. Gut 56: 958-964, 2007. (Pubitemid 46999080)
71. Singh VP, McNiven MA. Src-mediated cortactin phosphorylation regulates actin localization and injurious blebbing in acinar cells. Mol Biol Cell 19: 2339-2347, 2008.
72. Singh VP, Saluja AK, Bhagat L, Hietaranta AJ, Song A, Mykoniatis A, Van Acker GJ, Steer ML. Serine protease inhibitor causes F-actin redistribution and inhibition of calcium-mediated secretion in pancreatic acini. Gastroenterology 120: 1818-1827, 2001.
73. Stark HA, Sharp CM, Sutliff VE, Martinez J, Jensen RT, Gardner JD. CCK-JMV-180: a peptide that distinguishes high-affinity cholecystokinin receptors from low-affinity cholecystokinin receptors. Biochim Biophys Acta 1010: 145-150, 1989. (Pubitemid 19050017)
74. Steinle AU, Weidenbach H, Wagner M, Adler G, Schmid RM. NFkappaB/Rel activation in cerulein pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 116: 420-430, 1999.
75. Sun J, Bhatia M. Blockade of neurokinin-1 receptor attenuates CC and CXC chemokine production in experimental acute pancreatitis and associated lung injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 292: G143-G153, 2007. (Pubitemid 46090259)
76. Thrower E, Husain S, Gorelick F. Molecular basis for pancreatitis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 24: 580-585, 2008.
77. Vaquero E, Gukovsky I, Zaninovic V, Gukovskaya AS, Pandol SJ. Localized pancreatic NF-kappaB activation and inflammatory response in taurocholate-induced pancreatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 280: G1197-G1208, 2001. (Pubitemid 32552423)
78. von Knethen A, Callsen D, Brune B. Superoxide attenuates macrophage apoptosis by NF-kappa B and AP-1 activation that promotes cyclooxygenase- 2 expression. J Immunol 163: 2858-2866, 1999.
79. Vonlaufen A, Apte MV, Imhof BA, Frossard JL. The role of inflammatory and parenchymal cells in acute pancreatitis. J Pathol 213: 239-248, 2007.
80. Vonlaufen A, Wilson JS, Apte MV. Molecular mechanisms of pancreatitis: current opinion. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 23: 1339-1348, 2008.
81. Walpen S, Beck KF, Schaefer L, Raslik I, Eberhardt W, Schaefer RM, Pfeilschifter J. Nitric oxide induces MIP-2 transcription in rat renal mesangial cells and in a rat model of glomerulonephritis. FASEB J 15: 571-573, 2001.
82. Wang N, Verna L, Chen NG, Chen J, Li H, Forman BM, Stemerman MB. Constitutive activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma suppresses pro-inflammatory adhesion molecules in human vascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 277: 34176-34181, 2002.
83. Watanabe K, Konishi K, Fujioka M, Kinoshita S, Nakagawa H. The neutrophil chemoattractant produced by the rat kidney epithelioid cell line NRK-52E is a protein related to the KC/gro protein. J Biol Chem 264: 19559-19563, 1989. (Pubitemid 20008058)
84. Weber CK, Adler G. From acinar cell damage to systemic inflammatory response: current concepts in pancreatitis. Pancreatology 1: 356-362, 2001.
85. Whitcomb DC. Clinical practice. Acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 354: 2142-2150, 2006.
86. Williams JA, Groblewski GE, Ohnishi H, Yule DI. Stimulus-secretion coupling of pancreatic digestive enzyme secretion. Digestion 58, Suppl 1: 42-45, 1997. (Pubitemid 27254878)
87. Wu HM, Chi KH, Lin WW. Proteasome inhibitors stimulate activator protein-1 pathway via reactive oxygen species production. FEBS Lett 526: 101-105, 2002.
88. Xie MJ, Motoo Y, Su SB, Mouri H, Sawabu N. Induction of chemokines in rat pancreatic acinar cell injury. Pancreas 24: 198-204, 2002. (Pubitemid 34171297)
89. Young MR, Li JJ, Rincon M, Flavell RA, Sathyanarayana BK, Hunziker R, Colburn N. Transgenic mice demonstrate AP-1 (activator protein-1) transactivation is required for tumor promotion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 9827-9832, 1999. (Pubitemid 29398817)
90. Zhang XW, Liu Q, Wang Y, Thorlacius H. CXC chemokines, MIP-2 and KC, induce P-selectin-dependent neutrophil rolling and extravascular migration in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 133: 413-421, 2001.
91. Zhang XW, Wang Y, Liu Q, Thorlacius H. Redundant function of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and KC in tumor necrosis factor-alpha- induced extravasation of neutrophils in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 427: 277-283, 2001.