Use of saliva for assessment of stress and its effect on the immune system prior to gross anatomy practical examinations

Anatomical Sciences Education

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 160-167

  Lester, S Reid ^a   Brown, Jason R ^a   Aycock, Jeffrey E ^a   Grubbs, S Lee ^a   Johnson, Roger B ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Examination stress; Gross anatomy; Immunology; Laboratory examination; Occupation therapy student; Saliva

Indexed keywords

HYDROCORTISONE; INTERLEUKIN 12; SECRETORY IMMUNOGLOBULIN;

ADULT; ANATOMY; ARTICLE; EDUCATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL STRESS; METABOLISM; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SALIVA; SCHOOL; STUDENT;

ADULT; ANATOMY; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY; INTERLEUKIN-12; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; SALIVA; SCHOOLS, HEALTH OCCUPATIONS; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; STUDENTS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77956704530     PISSN: 19359772     EISSN: 19359780     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ase.161     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. al'Absi M, Hugdahl K, Lovallo WR. 2002. Adrenocortical stress responses and altered working memory performance. Psychophysiology 39:95-99.
2. Benham G. 2007. The shape of stress: The use of frequent sampling to measure temporal variation in sIgA levels during acute stress. Stress Health 23:295-301.
3. Benham G, Nash MR, Baldwin DR. 2009. A comparison of changes in secretory immunoglobulin A following a stress-inducing and stress-reducing task. Stress Health 25:81-90.
4. Bosch JA, Brand HS, Ligtenberg TJ, Bermond B, Hoogstraten J, Nieuw Amerongen AV. 1996. Psychological stress as a determinant of protein levels and salivary- induced aggregation of Streptococcus gordonii in human whole saliva. Psychosom Med 58:374-382.
5. Bristow M, Hucklebridge F, Clow A, Evans P. 1997. Modulation of secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva in relation to an acute episode of stress and arousal. J Psychophysiol 11:248-255.
6. Calcagni E, Elenkov I. 2006. Stress system activity, innate and T helper cytokines, and susceptibility to immune-related diseases. N Y Acad Sci 1069:62-76.
7. Carroll D, Ring C, Shrimpton J, Evans P, Willemsen G, Hucklebridge F. 1996. Secretory immunoglobulin A and cardiovascular responses to acute psychological challenge. Int J Behav Med 3:266-279.
8. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. 1983. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav 24:385-396.
9. Cohen S, Doyle WJ, Skoner DP. 1999. Psychological stress, cytokine production, and severity of upper respiratory illness. Psychosom Med 61:175-180.
10. de Quervain DJ, Roozendaal B, McGaugh JL. 1998. Stress and glucocorticoids impair retrieval of long-term spatial memory. Nature 394:787-790.
11. Deinzer R, Schuller N. 1998. Dynamics of stress-related decrease of salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA): Relationship to symptoms of the common cold and studying behavior. Behav Med 23:161-169.
12. Deinzer R, Kleineidam C, Stiller-Winkler R, Idel H, Bachg D. 2000. Prolonged reduction of salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) after a major academic exam. Int J Psychophysiol 37:219-232.
13. Dhabhar FS, McEwen BS. 1997. Acute stress enhances while chronic stress suppresses cell-mediated immunity in vivo: A potential role for leukocyte trafficking. Brain Behav Immun 11:286-306.
14. Dobbin JP, Harth M, McCain G, Martin RA, Cousin K. 1991. Cytokine production and lymphocyte transformation during stress. Brain Behav Immun 5:339-348.
15. Elenkov IJ. 2006. Glucocorticoids and the Th1/Th2 balance. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1024:138-146.
16. Elenkov IJ, Chrousos GP. 2002. Stress hormones, proinflammatory, and antiinflammatory cytokines and autoimmunity. Ann NY Acad Sci 96:290-303.
17. Evans P, Bristow M, Hucklebridge F, Clow A, Pang FY. 1994. Stress, arousal, cortisol and secretory immunoglobulin A in students undergoing assessment. Br J Clin Psychol 33:575-576.
18. Glaser R, Rice J, Sheridan J, Fertel R, Stout J, Speicher C, Pinsky D, Kotur M, Post A, Beck M, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. 1987. Stress-related immune suppression: Health implications. Brain Behav Immun 1:7-20.
19. Glaser R, Pearson GR, Bonneau RH, Esterling BA, Atkinson C, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. 1993. Stress and the memory T-cell response to the Epstein-Barr virus in healthy medical students. Health Psychol 12:435-442.
20. Glaser R, Pearl DK, Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Malarkey WB. 1994. Plasma cortisol levels and reactivation of latent Epstein-Barr virus in response to academic stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 19:765-772.
21. Godbout JP, Glaser R. 2006. Stress-induced immune dysregulation: Implications for wound healing, infectious disease and cancer. J Neuroimmun Pharm 1:421-427.
22. Grandy TG, Westerman GH, Combs CE, Turner CH. 1989. Perceptions of stress among third-year dental students. J Dent Educ 53:718-721.
23. Heinz A, Hermann D, Smolka MN, Rieks M, Graf KJ, Pohlau D, Kuhn W, Bauer M. 2003. Effects of acute psychological stress on adhesion molecules, interleukins and sex hormones: Implication for coronary heart disease. Psychopharmacology 165:111-117.
24. Jemmott JB, Magloire K. 1988. Academic stress, social support, and secretory immunoglobulin A. J Pers Soc Psychol 55:803-810.
25. Jemmott JB III, Borysenko JZ, Borysenko M, McClelland DC, Chapman R, Meyer D, Benson H. 1983. Academic stress, power motivation, and decrease in secretion rate of salivary secretory immunoglobulin A. Lancet 1:1400-1402.
26. Johnson RB. 2005. Racial differences in salivary sIgA concentrations in postmenopausal women. Spec Care Dentist 25:145-149.
27. Johnson RB, Bernanke DH. 2000. Effects of academic stress on salivary sIgA concentrations. J Dent Educ 64:177.
28. Johnson RB, Gilbert JA, Cooper RC, Parsell DE, Stewart BA, Dai X, Nick TG, Streckfus CF, Butler RA, Boring JG. 2002. Effect of estrogen deficiency on skeletal and alveolar bone density in sheep. J Periodontol 73:383-391.
29. Kang DH, Fox C. 2001. Th1 and Th2 cytokine responses to academic stress. Res Nurs Health 24:245-257.
30. Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Garner W, Speicher C, Penn G, Holliday J, Glaser R. 1984. Psychological modifiers of immunocompetence in medical students. Psychosom Med 46:7-14.
31. Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Glaser R, Strain EC, Stout JC, Tarr KL, Holliday JE, Speicher CE. 1986. Modulation of cellular immunity in medical students. J Behav Med 9:5-21.
32. Kirschbaum C, Hellhammer DH. 1994. Salivary cortisol in psychoneuroendocrine research: Recent developments and applications. Psychoneuroendocrinology 194:313-333.
33. Lacey K, Zaharia MD, Griffiths J, Ravindran AV, Merali Z, Anisman H. 2000. A prospective study of neuroendocrine and immune alterations associated with the stress of an oral academic examination among graduate students. Psychoneuroendocrinology 25:339-356.
34. Liao W, Schones DE, Oh J, Cui Y, Cui K, Tae-Young R, Zhao K, Leonard WJ. 2006. Priming for T helper type 2 differentiation by interleukin 2-mediated induction of IL-4 receptor alpha chain expression. Nat Immunol 9:1288-1296.
35. Loft P, Thomas MG, Petrie KJ, Booth RJ, Miles J, Vedhara K. 2007. Examination stress results in altered cardiovascular responses to acute challenge and lower cortisol. Psychoneuroendocrinology 32:367-375.
36. Lowe G, Urquhart J, Greenman J, Lowe G. 2000. Academic stress and secretory immunoglobulin A. Psychol Rep 87:721-722.
37. Maes M, Song C, Lin A, De Jongh R, Van Gastel A, Kenis G, Bosmans E, De Meester I, Benoy I, Neels H, Demedts P, Janca A, Scharpé S, Smith RS. 1998a. The effects of psychological stress on humans: Increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and a Th-1-like response in stress-induced anxiety. Cytokine 10:313-318.
38. Maes M, Van der Planken M, Van Gastel A, Bruyland K, VanHuncel F, Neels H, Hendricks D. 1998b. Influence of academic examination stress on hemato- logical measurements in subjectively healthy volunteers. Psychiatry Res 80:201-212.
39. Maes M, Hendriks D, Van Gastel A, Demedts P, Wauters A, Neels H, Janca A, Scharpe S. 1997. Effects of psychological stress on serum immunoglobulin, complement and acute phase protein concentrations in normal volunteers. Psychoneuroendocrinology 22:397-409.
40. Marshall GD, Agarwal SK, Lloyd C, Cohen L, Henninger EM, Morris GJ. 1998. Cytokine dysregulation associated with exam stress in healthy medical students. Brain Behav Immun 12:297-307.
41. McClelland DC, Ross G, Patel V. 1985. The effect of an academic examination on salivary norepinephrine and immunoglobulin levels. J Human Stress 11:52-59.
42. McGehee JW, Johnson RB. 2004. Biomarkers of bone turnover can be assayed from human saliva. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 59:B196-B200.
43. Murphy BR, Nelson DL, Wright PF, Tierney EL, Phelan MA, Chanock RM. 1982. Secretory and systemic immunological response in children infected with live attenuated influenza A virus vaccines. Infect Immun 36:1102-1108.
44. Navazesh M. 1993. Methods for collecting saliva. Ann N Y Acad Sci 694:72-77.
45. Ng V, Koh D, Mok BY, Chia SE, Lim LP. 2003. Salivary biomarkers associated with academic assessment stress among dental undergraduates. J Dent Educ 67:1091-1094.
46. Otsuki T, Sakaguchi H, Hatayama T, Takata A, Hyodoh F, Tsuita S, Ueki A, Morimoto K. 2004. Secretory IgA in saliva and academic stress. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 17(2 Suppl):45-48.
47. Peters JR, Walker RF, Riad-Fahmy D, Hall R. 1982. Salivary cortisol assays for assessing pituitary-adrenal reserve. Clin Endocrinol 17:583-592.
48. Richards DF, Fernandez M, Caulfield J, Hawrylowicz CM. 2001. Glucocorticoids drive human CD8(1) T cell differentiation towards a phenotype with high IL-10 and reduced IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 production. Eur J Immunol 30:2344-2354.
49. Ring C, Carroll D, Willemsen G, Cooke J, Ferraro A, Drayson M. 1999. Secretory immunoglubulin A and cardiovascular activity during mental arithmetic and paced breathing. Psychophysiology 36:602-609.
50. Ring C, Harrison LK, Winzer A, Carroll D, Drayson M, Kendall M. 2000. Secretory immunoglobulin A and cardiovascular reactions to mental arithmetic, cold pressor, and exercise: Effects of alpha-adrenergic blockade. Psychophysiology 37:634-643.
51. Ring C, Drayson M, Walkey DG, Dale S, Carroll D. 2002. Secretory immunoglobulin A reactions to prolonged mental arithmetric stress: Inter-session and intra-session reliability. Biol Psychol 59:1-13.
52. Sanders AE, Lushington K. 2002. Effect of perceived stress on student performance in dental school. J Dent Educ 66:75-81.
53. Sapolsky RM, Romero LM, Munck AU. 2001. How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions. Endocrine Rev 21:55-89.
54. Sarid O, Anson O, Yaari A, Margalith M. 2004. Academic stress, immunological reaction, and academic performance among students of nursing and physiotherapy. Res Nurs Health 27:370-377.
55. Segal AB, Bruno S, Forte WC. 2006. Immune function in acute stress. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 34:136-140.
56. Spangler G. 1997. Psychological and physiological responses during an exam and their relation to personality characteristics. Psychoneuroendochrinology 22:423-441.
57. Streckfus CF, Johnson RB, Nick T, Tsao A, Tucci M. 1997. Comparison of alveolar bone loss, alveolar bone density and second metacarpal bone density, salivary and gingival crevicular fluid interleukin-6 concentrations in healthy premenopausal and postmenopausal women on estrogen therapy. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 52:M343-M351.
58. Takatsuji K, Sugimoto Y, Ishizaki S, Ozaki Y, Matsuyama E, Yamaguchi Y. 2008. The effects of examination stress on salivary cortisol, immunoglobulin A, and chromogranin A in nursing students. Biomed Res 29:221-224.
59. Teeuw W, Bosch JA, Veerman EC, Amerongen AVN. 2004. Neuroendocrine regulation of salivary sIgA synthesis and secretion: Implications for oral health. Biol Chem 385:1137-1146.
60. Tomasi TB, Grey HM. 1972. Structure and function of immunoglubulin A. Prog Allergy 16:81-213.
61. Uchakin PN, Tobin B, Cubbage M, Marshall G Jr, Sams C. 2001. Immune responsiveness following academic stress in first-year medical students. J Interferon Cytokine Res 21:687-694.
62. ULC. 2001. University Learning Centers. Symptoms of Text Anxiety. University Park, PA: Penn State University. URL: http://www.ulc.psu.edu/ studyskills/test-taking.html#symptoms. [accessed 12 April 2010].
63. Vining RF, McGinley RA, Maksvytis JJ, Ho KY. 1983. Salivary cortisol: A better measure of adrenal cortical function than serum cortisol. Ann Clin Biochem 20:329-335.
64. Weigers GJ, Reul JM. 1998. Induction of cytokine receptors by glucocorticoids: Functional and pathological significance. Trends Pharmacol 19:317-321.
65. Willemsen G, Ring C, McKeever S, Carroll D. 2000. Secretory immunoglobulin A and cardiovascular activity during mental arithmetic: Effects of task difficulty and task order. Biol Psychol 52:127-141.
66. Winzer A, Ring C, Carroll D, Willemsen G, Drayson M, Kendall M. 2000. Secretory immunoglubulin A and cardiovascular reactions to mental arithmetic, cold pressor and exercise: Effects of beta-adrenergic blockade. Psychophysiology 36:591-601.