메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 17, 2010, Pages 8533-8548

Improved measurement of carbonaceous aerosol: Evaluation of the sampling artifacts and inter-comparison of the thermal-optical analysis methods

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATED CARBON; AEROSOL; AIR TEMPERATURE; ARTIFACT; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); ORGANIC CARBON; QUARTZ; SAMPLING;

EID: 77956544821     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-10-8533-2010     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (35)

References (72)
  • 1
    • 33746600650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black carbon or brown carbon? the nature of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols
    • Andreae, M. O. and Gelencsér, A.: Black carbon or brown carbon? The nature of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols, At-mos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3131-3148, doi:10.5194/acp-6-3131-2006, 2006. (Pubitemid 44154660)
    • (2006) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , vol.6 , Issue.10 , pp. 3131-3148
    • Andreae, M.O.1    Gelencser, A.2
  • 2
    • 0034189317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentration and composition of atmospheric aerosols from the 1995 SEAVS Experiment and a review of the closure between chemical and gravimetric measurements
    • Andrews, E., Saxena, P., Musarra, S., Hildemann, L. M., Koutrakis, P., McMurry, P. H., Olmez, I., and White, W. H.: Concentration and composition of atmospheric aerosols from the 1995 SEAVS Experiment and a review of the closure between chemical and gravimetric measurements, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 50, 648-664, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc. , vol.50 , pp. 648-664
    • Andrews, E.1    Saxena, P.2    Musarra, S.3    Hildemann, L.M.4    Koutrakis, P.5    McMurry, P.H.6    Olmez, I.7    White, W.H.8
  • 3
    • 49449104923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brown carbon spheres in East Asian outflow and their optical properties
    • Alexander, D. T. L., Crozier, P. A., and Anderson, J. R.: Brown carbon spheres in East Asian outflow and their optical properties, Science, 321, 833-836, 2008.
    • (2008) Science , vol.321 , pp. 833-836
    • Alexander, D.T.L.1    Crozier, P.A.2    Anderson, J.R.3
  • 5
    • 0020643833 scopus 로고
    • Problems in the sampling and analysis of carbon particulate
    • Cadle, S. H, Groblicki, P. J., and Mulawa, P. A.: Problems in the sampling and analysis of carbon particulate, Atmos. Environ., 17, 593-600, 1983.
    • (1983) Atmos. Environ. , vol.17 , pp. 593-600
    • Cadle, S.H.1    Groblicki, P.J.2    Mulawa, P.A.3
  • 6
    • 37349056404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air pollution in mega cities in China
    • Chan, C. K. and Yao, X. H.: Air pollution in mega cities in China, Atmos. Environ., 42, 1-42, 2009.
    • (2009) Atmos. Environ. , vol.42 , pp. 1-42
    • Chan, C.K.1    Yao, X.H.2
  • 7
    • 61649105724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of semivolatile carbonaceous aerosols and its implications: A review
    • Cheng, Y., He, K. B., Duan, F. K., Zheng, M., Ma, Y. L., and Tan J. H.: Measurement of semivolatile carbonaceous aerosols and its implications: a review, Environ. Int., 35, 674-681, 2009a.
    • (2009) Environ. Int. , vol.35 , pp. 674-681
    • Cheng, Y.1    He, K.B.2    Duan, F.K.3    Zheng, M.4    Ma, Y.L.5    Tan, J.H.6
  • 8
    • 75649086984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive sampling artifact of carbonaceous aerosols and its influence on the thermal-optical split of OC/EC
    • doi:10.5194/acp-9-7243-2009
    • Cheng, Y., He, K. B., Duan, F. K., Zheng, M., Ma, Y. L., and Tan, J. H.: Positive sampling artifact of carbonaceous aerosols and its influence on the thermal-optical split of OC/EC, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7243-7256, doi:10.5194/acp-9-7243-2009, 2009b.
    • (2009) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.9 , pp. 7243-7256
    • Cheng, Y.1    He, K.B.2    Duan, F.K.3    Zheng, M.4    Ma, Y.L.5    Tan, J.H.6
  • 10
    • 2442717690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equivalence of elemental carbon by thermal/optical reflectance and transmittance with different temperature protocols
    • Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Chen, L. A., Arnott, W. P., and Moosmüller, H.: Equivalence of elemental carbon by thermal/optical reflectance and transmittance with different temperature protocols, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 4414-4422, 2004.
    • (2004) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.38 , pp. 4414-4422
    • Chow, J.C.1    Watson, J.G.2    Chen, L.A.3    Arnott, W.P.4    Moosmüller, H.5
  • 12
    • 28544443792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Particulate carbon measurements in California's San Joaquin Valley
    • Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Lowenthal, D. H., Chen, L. A., and Magliano, K. L.: Particulate carbon measurements in California's San Joaquin Valley, Chemosphere, 62, 337-348, 2006.
    • (2006) Chemosphere , vol.62 , pp. 337-348
    • Chow, J.C.1    Watson, J.G.2    Lowenthal, D.H.3    Chen, L.A.4    Magliano, K.L.5
  • 13
    • 34748905341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The IMPROVE-A temperature protocol for thermal/optical carbon analysis: Maintaining consistency with a long-term database
    • Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Chen, L. A., Chang, M. O., Robinson, N. F., Trimble, D., and Kohl, S.: The IMPROVE-A temperature protocol for thermal/optical carbon analysis: maintaining consistency with a long-term database, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 57, 1014-1023, 2007.
    • (2007) J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , vol.57 , pp. 1014-1023
    • Chow, J.C.1    Watson, J.G.2    Chen, L.A.3    Chang, M.O.4    Robinson, N.F.5    Trimble, D.6    Kohl, S.7
  • 15
    • 2142776251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing thermal-optical methods for measuring atmospheric elemental (black) carbon: A response surface study
    • Conny, J. M., Klinedinst, D. B., Wight, S. A., and Paulsen, J. L.: Optimizing thermal-optical methods for measuring atmospheric elemental (black) carbon: a response surface study, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 37, 703-723, 2003.
    • (2003) Aerosol Sci. Technol. , vol.37 , pp. 703-723
    • Conny, J.M.1    Klinedinst, D.B.2    Wight, S.A.3    Paulsen, J.L.4
  • 16
    • 0036203148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-volume diffusion denuder sampler for the routine monitoring of fine particulate matter: I. design and optimization of the PC-BOSS
    • Ding, Y. M., Pang, Y. B., and Eatough, D. J.: High-volume diffusion denuder sampler for the routine monitoring of fine particulate matter: I. design and optimization of the PC-BOSS, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 36, 369-382, 2002.
    • (2002) Aerosol Sci. Technol. , vol.36 , pp. 369-382
    • Ding, Y.M.1    Pang, Y.B.2    Eatough, D.J.3
  • 17
    • 37848999749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropospheric ozone climatology over Beijing: Analysis of aircraft data from the MOZAIC program
    • doi:10.5194/acp-8-1-2008
    • Ding, A. J., Wang, T., Thouret, V., Cammas, J.-P., and Nédélec, P.: Tropospheric ozone climatology over Beijing: analysis of aircraft data from the MOZAIC program, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1-13, doi:10.5194/acp-8-1-2008, 2008.
    • (2008) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.8 , pp. 1-13
    • Ding, A.J.1    Wang, T.2    Thouret, V.3    Cammas, J.-P.4    Nédélec, P.5
  • 18
    • 0027607303 scopus 로고
    • A multiple-system, multichannel diffusion denuder sampler for the determination of fine-particulate organic material in the atmosphere
    • Eatough, D. J., Wadsworth, A., Eatough, D. A., Crawford, J. W., Hansen, L. D., and Lewis, E. A.: A multiple-system, multichannel diffusion denuder sampler for the determination of fine-particulate organic material in the atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 27A, 1213-1219, 1993.
    • (1993) Atmos. Environ. , vol.27 A , pp. 1213-1219
    • Eatough, D.J.1    Wadsworth, A.2    Eatough, D.A.3    Crawford, J.W.4    Hansen, L.D.5    Lewis, E.A.6
  • 21
    • 0742287617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semivolatile partic-ulate organic material in southern Africa during SAFARI 2000
    • doi:10.1029/2002JD002296
    • Eatough, D. J., Eatough, N. L., Pang, Y., Sizemore, S., Kirchstet-ter, T. W., Novakov, T., and Hobbs, P. V.:. Semivolatile partic-ulate organic material in southern Africa during SAFARI 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 8479, doi:10.1029/2002JD002296, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.D13 , pp. 8479
    • Eatough, D.J.1    Eatough, N.L.2    Pang, Y.3    Sizemore, S.4    Kirchstet-Ter, T.W.5    Novakov, T.6    Hobbs, P.V.7
  • 22
    • 0037781905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sampling atmospheric carbonaceous aerosols using an integrated organic gas and par-ticulate sampler
    • Fan, X. H., Brook, J., and Mabury, S. A.: Sampling atmospheric carbonaceous aerosols using an integrated organic gas and par-ticulate sampler, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 3145-3151, 2003.
    • (2003) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.37 , pp. 3145-3151
    • Fan, X.H.1    Brook, J.2    Mabury, S.A.3
  • 23
    • 4644280782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2.5 during Pacific 2001 study using an integrated organic gas and particle sampler
    • 2.5 during Pacific 2001 study using an integrated organic gas and particle sampler, Atmos. Environ., 38, 5801-5810, 2004.
    • (2004) Atmos. Environ. , vol.38 , pp. 5801-5810
    • Fan, X.H.1    Brook, J.R.2    Mabury, S.A.3
  • 24
    • 0025364484 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of the positive organic artifact on quartz filters
    • Fitz, D. R.: Reduction of the positive organic artifact on quartz filters, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 12, 142-148, 1990.
    • (1990) Aerosol Sci. Technol. , vol.12 , pp. 142-148
    • Fitz, D.R.1
  • 25
    • 44949234975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vapor pressures and thermodynamics of oxygen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons measured using Knudsen effusion
    • Goldfarb, J. L. and Suuberg, E. M.: Vapor pressures and thermodynamics of oxygen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons measured using Knudsen effusion, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 27, 1244-1249, 2008.
    • (2008) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.27 , pp. 1244-1249
    • Goldfarb, J.L.1    Suuberg, E.M.2
  • 26
    • 38549092549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of fine particulate matter nonvolatile and semi-volatile organic material with the Sunset laboratory carbon aerosol monitor
    • Grover, B. D., Kleinman, M., Eatough, N. L., Eatough, D. J., Cary, R. A., Hopke, P. K., and Wilson, W. E.: Measurement of fine particulate matter nonvolatile and semi-volatile organic material with the Sunset laboratory carbon aerosol monitor, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 58, 72-77, 2008a.
    • (2008) J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , vol.58 , pp. 72-77
    • Grover, B.D.1    Kleinman, M.2    Eatough, N.L.3    Eatough, D.J.4    Cary, R.A.5    Hopke, P.K.6    Wilson, W.E.7
  • 27
    • 37349001653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semi-continuous mass closure of the major components of fine particulate matter in Riverside, CA
    • Grover, B. D., Eatough, N. L., Woolwine, W. R., Cannon, J. P., Eatough, D. J., and Long, R. W.: Semi-continuous mass closure of the major components of fine particulate matter in Riverside, CA, Atmos. Environ., 42, 250-260, 2008b.
    • (2008) Atmos. Environ. , vol.42 , pp. 250-260
    • Grover, B.D.1    Eatough, N.L.2    Woolwine, W.R.3    Cannon, J.P.4    Eatough, D.J.5    Long, R.W.6
  • 28
    • 0028990426 scopus 로고
    • Direct determination of the phase distributions of semi-volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using annular denuders
    • Gundel, L. A., Lee, V. C., Mahanama, K. R. R., Stevens, R. K., and Daisey, J. M.: Direct determination of the phase distributions of semi-volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using annular denuders, Atmos. Environ., 29, 1719-1733, 1995.
    • (1995) Atmos. Environ. , vol.29 , pp. 1719-1733
    • Gundel, L.A.1    Lee, V.C.2    Mahanama, K.R.R.3    Stevens, R.K.4    Daisey, J.M.5
  • 31
    • 0020335531 scopus 로고
    • Size-segregated measurements of particulate elemental carbon and aerosol light absorption at remote Arctic locations
    • Heintzenberg, J.: Size-segregated measurements of particulate elemental carbon and aerosol light absorption at remote Arctic locations, Atmos. Environ., 16, 2461-2469, 1982.
    • (1982) Atmos. Environ. , vol.16 , pp. 2461-2469
    • Heintzenberg, J.1
  • 32
    • 33750347272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intercomparison of thermal and optical measurement methods for elemental carbon and black carbon at an urban location
    • Hitzenberger, R., Petzold, A., Bauer, H., Ctyroky, P., Pouresmaeil, P., Laskus, L., and Puxbaum, H.: Intercomparison of thermal and optical measurement methods for elemental carbon and black carbon at an urban location, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 6377-6383, 2006.
    • (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.40 , pp. 6377-6383
    • Hitzenberger, R.1    Petzold, A.2    Bauer, H.3    Ctyroky, P.4    Pouresmaeil, P.5    Laskus, L.6    Puxbaum, H.7
  • 33
    • 0019937719 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of organic and elemental carbon in ambient aerosols by a thermal-optical method
    • edited by: Wolff, G. T. and Klimisch, R. L., Plenum Press, New York
    • Huntzicker, J. J., Johnson, R. L., Shah, J. J., and Cary, R. A.: Analysis of organic and elemental carbon in ambient aerosols by a thermal-optical method. Particulate carbon: atmospheric life cycle, edited by: Wolff, G. T. and Klimisch, R. L., Plenum Press, New York, 79-85, 1982.
    • (1982) Particulate Carbon: Atmospheric Life Cycle , pp. 79-85
    • Huntzicker, J.J.1    Johnson, R.L.2    Shah, J.J.3    Cary, R.A.4
  • 34
    • 0035154022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory and field investigation of the adsorption of gaseous organic compounds onto quartz filters
    • Kirchstetter, T. W., Corrigan, C. E., and Novakov, T.: Laboratory and field investigation of the adsorption of gaseous organic compounds onto quartz filters, Atmos. Environ., 35, 1663-1671, 2001.
    • (2001) Atmos. Environ. , vol.35 , pp. 1663-1671
    • Kirchstetter, T.W.1    Corrigan, C.E.2    Novakov, T.3
  • 35
    • 13244284972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that the spectral dependence of light absorption by aerosols is affected by organic carbon
    • DOI 10.1029/2004JD004999, 1-12
    • Kirchstetter, T. W. and Novakov, T.: Evidence that the spectral dependence of light absorption by aerosols is affected by organic carbon, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D21208, doi:10.1029/2004JD004999, 2004. (Pubitemid 40191167)
    • (2004) Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres , vol.109 , Issue.21
    • Kirchstetter, T.W.1    Novakov, T.2    Hobbs, P.V.3
  • 38
    • 77952386087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of gaseous pollutants at Gucheng, a rural site southwest of Beijing
    • doi:10.1029/2008JD010339
    • Lin, W. L., Xu, X. B., Ge, B. Z., and Zhang, X. C.: Characteristics of gaseous pollutants at Gucheng, a rural site southwest of Beijing, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00G14, doi:10.1029/2008JD010339, 2009.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Lin, W.L.1    Xu, X.B.2    Ge, B.Z.3    Zhang, X.C.4
  • 39
    • 33644863875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidant denuder sampling for analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivates in ambient aerosol: Evaluation of sampling artifact
    • Liu, Y., Sklorz, M., Schnelle-Kreis, J., Orasche, J., Ferge, T., Kettrup, A., and Zimmermann, R.: Oxidant denuder sampling for analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivates in ambient aerosol: evaluation of sampling artifact, Chemosphere, 62, 1889-1898, 2006.
    • (2006) Chemosphere , vol.62 , pp. 1889-1898
    • Liu, Y.1    Sklorz, M.2    Schnelle-Kreis, J.3    Orasche, J.4    Ferge, T.5    Kettrup, A.6    Zimmermann, R.7
  • 41
    • 0035893025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sampling atmospheric carbonaceous aerosols using a particle trap impactor/denuder sampler
    • Mader, B. T., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Sampling atmospheric carbonaceous aerosols using a particle trap impactor/denuder sampler, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 4857-4867, 2001.
    • (2001) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.35 , pp. 4857-4867
    • Mader, B.T.1    Flagan, R.C.2    Seinfeld, J.H.3
  • 42
    • 0025120737 scopus 로고
    • Vapor adsorption artifact in the sampling of organic aerosol: Face velocity effects
    • McDow, S. R. and Huntzicker, J. J.: Vapor adsorption artifact in the sampling of organic aerosol: face velocity effects, Atmos. Environ., 24A, 2563-2571, 1990.
    • (1990) Atmos. Environ. , vol.24 A , pp. 2563-2571
    • McDow, S.R.1    Huntzicker, J.J.2
  • 43
    • 0024645183 scopus 로고
    • Size distributions of ambient organic and elemental carbon
    • McMurry, P. H. and Zhang, X.: Size distributions of ambient organic and elemental carbon, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 10, 430-437, 1989.
    • (1989) Aerosol Sci. Technol. , vol.10 , pp. 430-437
    • McMurry, P.H.1    Zhang, X.2
  • 44
    • 71149107308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On-filter degradation of particle-bound benzo[a]pyrene by ozone during air sampling: A review of the experimental evidence of an artifact
    • Menichini, E.: On-filter degradation of particle-bound benzo[a]pyrene by ozone during air sampling: a review of the experimental evidence of an artifact, Chemosphere, 77, 1275-1284, 2009.
    • (2009) Chemosphere , vol.77 , pp. 1275-1284
    • Menichini, E.1
  • 45
    • 0035182276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2.5) composition in Atlanta, USA: Assessment of the particle concentrator-Brigham Young University organic sampling system, PC-BOSS, during the EPA Supersite study
    • 2.5) composition in Atlanta, USA: assessment of the particle concentrator-Brigham Young University organic sampling system, PC-BOSS, during the EPA Supersite study, At-mos. Environ., 35, 6493-6502, 2001.
    • (2001) At-mos. Environ. , vol.35 , pp. 6493-6502
    • Modey, W.K.1    Pang, Y.B.2    Eatough, N.L.3    Eatough, D.J.4
  • 46
    • 24344499484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sampling artifacts in measurement of elemental and organic carbon: Low-volume sampling in indoor and outdoor environments
    • Olson, D. A. and Norris, G. A.: Sampling artifacts in measurement of elemental and organic carbon: low-volume sampling in indoor and outdoor environments, Atmos. Environ., 39, 5437-5445, 2005.
    • (2005) Atmos. Environ. , vol.39 , pp. 5437-5445
    • Olson, D.A.1    Norris, G.A.2
  • 50
    • 38949174969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-tercomparison of measurement techniques for black or elemental carbon under urban background conditions in wintertime: Influence of biomass combustion
    • Reisinger, P., Wonaschütz, A., Hitzenberger, R., Petzold, A., Bauer, H., Jankowski, N., Puxbaum, H., Chi, X., and Maenhaut, W.: In-tercomparison of measurement techniques for black or elemental carbon under urban background conditions in wintertime: influence of biomass combustion, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 884-889, 2008.
    • (2008) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.42 , pp. 884-889
    • Reisinger, P.1    Wonaschütz, A.2    Hitzenberger, R.3    Petzold, A.4    Bauer, H.5    Jankowski, N.6    Puxbaum, H.7    Chi, X.8    Maenhaut, W.9
  • 52
    • 0038391388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air particulate matter: Decadal and seasonal trends, chemical degradation, and sampling artifacts
    • Schauer, C., Niessner, R., and Pöschl, U.: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air particulate matter: decadal and seasonal trends, chemical degradation, and sampling artifacts, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 2861-2868, 2003b.
    • (2003) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.37 , pp. 2861-2868
    • Schauer, C.1    Niessner, R.2    Pöschl, U.3
  • 53
    • 2342477375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of carbonaceous aerosols during the MINOS campaign in Crete, July-August 2001: A multi-analytical approach
    • doi:10.5194/acp-3-1743-2003
    • Sciare, J., Cachier, H., Oikonomou, K., Ausset, P., Sarda-Estève, R., and Mihalopoulos, N.: Characterization of carbonaceous aerosols during the MINOS campaign in Crete, July-August 2001: a multi-analytical approach, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1743-1757, doi:10.5194/acp-3-1743-2003, 2003.
    • (2003) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.3 , pp. 1743-1757
    • Sciare, J.1    Cachier, H.2    Oikonomou, K.3    Ausset, P.4    Sarda-Estève, R.5    Mihalopoulos, N.6
  • 54
    • 52149122282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term measurements of carbonaceous aerosols in the Eastern Mediterranean: Evidence of long-range transport of biomass burning
    • doi:10.5194/acp-8-5551-2008
    • Sciare, J., Oikonomou, K., Favez, O., Liakakou, E., Markaki, Z., Cachier, H., and Mihalopoulos, N.: Long-term measurements of carbonaceous aerosols in the Eastern Mediterranean: evidence of long-range transport of biomass burning, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5551-5563, doi:10.5194/acp-8-5551-2008, 2008.
    • (2008) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.8 , pp. 5551-5563
    • Sciare, J.1    Oikonomou, K.2    Favez, O.3    Liakakou, E.4    Markaki, Z.5    Cachier, H.6    Mihalopoulos, N.7
  • 56
    • 0033562807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of semivolatile organic compound microtransport at different times scales in airborne diesel soot particles
    • Strommen, M. R. and Kamens, R. M.: Simulation of semivolatile organic compound microtransport at different times scales in airborne diesel soot particles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 1738-1746, 1999.
    • (1999) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.33 , pp. 1738-1746
    • Strommen, M.R.1    Kamens, R.M.2
  • 57
    • 2442613892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive and negative artifacts in particulate organic carbon measurement with denuded and undenuded sampler configurations
    • Subramanian, R., Khlystov, A. Y., Cabada, J. C., and Robinson, A. L.: Positive and negative artifacts in particulate organic carbon measurement with denuded and undenuded sampler configurations, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 38, 27-48, 2004.
    • (2004) Aerosol Sci. Technol. , vol.38 , pp. 27-48
    • Subramanian, R.1    Khlystov, A.Y.2    Cabada, J.C.3    Robinson, A.L.4
  • 58
    • 33745832329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of peak inert-mode temperature on elemental carbon measured using thermal-optical analysis
    • Subramanian, R., Khlystov, A. Y., and Robinson, A. L.: Effect of peak inert-mode temperature on elemental carbon measured using thermal-optical analysis, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 40, 763-780, 2006.
    • (2006) Aerosol Sci. Technol. , vol.40 , pp. 763-780
    • Subramanian, R.1    Khlystov, A.Y.2    Robinson, A.L.3
  • 59
    • 0041735441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other semivolatile organic compounds collected in New York city in response to the events of 9/11
    • Swartz, E., Stockburger, L., and Vallero, D. A.: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other semivolatile organic compounds collected in New York city in response to the events of 9/11, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 3537-3546, 2003.
    • (2003) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.37 , pp. 3537-3546
    • Swartz, E.1    Stockburger, L.2    Vallero, D.A.3
  • 60
    • 0028388857 scopus 로고
    • Determination of the particle size distribution and chemical composition of semi-volatile organic compounds in atmospheric fine particles
    • Tang, H., Lewis, E. A., Eatough, D. J., Burton, R. M., and Farber, R. J.: Determination of the particle size distribution and chemical composition of semi-volatile organic compounds in atmospheric fine particles, Atmos. Environ., 28, 939-947, 1994.
    • (1994) Atmos. Environ. , vol.28 , pp. 939-947
    • Tang, H.1    Lewis, E.A.2    Eatough, D.J.3    Burton, R.M.4    Farber, R.J.5
  • 61
    • 70549106274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface ozone trend details and interpretations in Beijing 2001-2006
    • doi:10.5194/acp-9-8813-2009
    • Tang, G., Li, X., Wang, Y., Xin, J., and Ren, X.: Surface ozone trend details and interpretations in Beijing, 2001-2006, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8813-8823, doi:10.5194/acp-9-8813-2009, 2009.
    • (2009) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.9 , pp. 8813-8823
    • Tang, G.1    Li, X.2    Wang, Y.3    Xin, J.4    Ren, X.5
  • 62
    • 0141682573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collection of gas and particle semi-volatile organic compounds: Use of an oxidant denuder to minimize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation during high-volume air sampling
    • Tsapakis, M. and Stephanou, E. G.: Collection of gas and particle semi-volatile organic compounds: use of an oxidant denuder to minimize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation during high-volume air sampling, Atmos. Environ., 37, 4935-4944, 2003.
    • (2003) Atmos. Environ. , vol.37 , pp. 4935-4944
    • Tsapakis, M.1    Stephanou, E.G.2
  • 63
    • 0034950902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2.5 mass concentrations: Revisiting common assumptions for estimating organic mass
    • 2.5 mass concentrations: revisiting common assumptions for estimating organic mass, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 35, 602-610, 2001.
    • (2001) Aerosol Sci. Technol. , vol.35 , pp. 602-610
    • Turpin, B.J.1    Lim, H.J.2
  • 64
    • 32644451900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electron tomography of nanoparticle clusters: Implications for atmospheric lifetimes and radiative forcing of soot
    • DOI 10.1029/2005GL024461, L24811
    • Van Poppel, L. H., Friedrich, H., Spinsby, J., Chung, S. H., Seinfeld, J. H., and Buseck, P. R.: Electron tomograohy of nanoparticle clusters: implications for atmospheric lifetimes and radiative forcing of soot, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L24811, doi:10.1029/2005GL024461, 2005. (Pubitemid 43239998)
    • (2005) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.32 , Issue.24 , pp. 1-4
    • Van Poppel, L.H.1    Friedrich, H.2    Spinsby, J.3    Chung, S.H.4    Seinfeld, J.H.5    Buseck, P.R.6
  • 65
  • 66
    • 32844461697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organic and elemental carbon concentrations in carbonaceous aerosols during summer and winter sampling campaigns in Barcelona
    • Viana, M., Chi, X., Maenhaut, W., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Mikuska, P., and Vecera, Z.: Organic and elemental carbon concentrations in carbonaceous aerosols during summer and winter sampling campaigns in Barcelona, Spain, Atmos. Environ., 40, 2180-2193, 2006b.
    • (2006) Spain, Atmos. Environ. , vol.40 , pp. 2180-2193
    • Viana, M.1    Chi, X.2    Maenhaut, W.3    Querol, X.4    Alastuey, A.5    Mikuska, P.6    Vecera, Z.7
  • 67
    • 77950429143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the air pollutants emission reduction during the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing
    • Wang, S. X., Zhao, M., Xing, J., Wu, Y., Zhou, Y., Lei, Y., He, K. B., Fu, L. X., and Hao, J. M.: Quantifying the air pollutants emission reduction during the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 2490-2496, 2010.
    • (2010) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.44 , pp. 2490-2496
    • Wang, S.X.1    Zhao, M.2    Xing, J.3    Wu, Y.4    Zhou, Y.5    Lei, Y.6    He, K.B.7    Fu, L.X.8    Hao, J.M.9
  • 68
    • 30344446472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summary of organic and elemental carbon/black carbon analysis methods and inter-comparisons
    • Watson, J. G., Chow J. C., and Chen L. A.: Summary of organic and elemental carbon/black carbon analysis methods and inter-comparisons, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 5, 65-102, 2005.
    • (2005) Aerosol Air Qual. Res. , vol.5 , pp. 65-102
    • Watson, J.G.1    Chow, J.C.2    Chen, L.A.3
  • 69
    • 64349089763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of the integrating sphere method to separate the contributions of brown and black carbon in atmospheric aerosols
    • Wonaschütz, A., Hitzenberger R., Bauer, H., Pouresmaeil, P., Klatzer, B., Caseiro, A., and Puxbaum, H.: Application of the integrating sphere method to separate the contributions of brown and black carbon in atmospheric aerosols, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 1141-1146, 2009.
    • (2009) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.43 , pp. 1141-1146
    • Wonaschütz, A.1    Hitzenberger, R.2    Bauer, H.3    Pouresmaeil, P.4    Klatzer, B.5    Caseiro, A.6    Puxbaum, H.7
  • 70
    • 0036897549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainties in charring correction in the analysis of elemental and organic carbon in atmospheric particles by thermal/optical methods
    • Yang, H. and Yu, J. Z.: Uncertainties in charring correction in the analysis of elemental and organic carbon in atmospheric particles by thermal/optical methods, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 5199-5204, 2002.
    • (2002) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.36 , pp. 5199-5204
    • Yang, H.1    Yu, J.Z.2
  • 71
    • 0037083884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Charring characteristics of atmospheric organic particulate matter in thermal analysis
    • Yu, J. Z., Xu, J. H., and Yang, H.: Charring characteristics of atmospheric organic particulate matter in thermal analysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 754-761, 2002.
    • (2002) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.36 , pp. 754-761
    • Yu, J.Z.1    Xu, J.H.2    Yang, H.3
  • 72
    • 0036591676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2.5 in the southeastern United States using solvent-extractable organic compounds as tracers
    • 2.5 in the southeastern United States using solvent-extractable organic compounds as tracers, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 2361-2371, 2002.
    • (2002) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.36 , pp. 2361-2371
    • Zheng, M.1    Cass, G.R.2    Schauer, J.J.3    Edgerton, E.S.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.