Comparison of IMPROVE and NIOSH Carbon Measurements

Aerosol Science and Technology

Volumn 34, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 23-34

  Chow, Judith C ^a   Watson, John G ^a   Crow, Dale ^a   Lowenthal, Douglas H ^a   Merrifield, Thomas ^b  

^a DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b BGI Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON;

AEROSOL; AIR POLLUTION; AIR QUALITY; AMBIENT AIR; ARTICLE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; EXHAUST GAS; FILTER; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MEASUREMENT; PARTICLE SIZE; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 0035170567     PISSN: 02786826     EISSN: 15217388     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02786820119073     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Allen, G. A., Lawrence, J., and Koutrakis, P. (1999). Field Validation of a Semi-Continuous Method for Aerosol Black Carbon (Aethalometer) and Temporal Patterns of Summertime Hourly Black Carbon Measurements in Southwestern PA, Atmos. Environ. 33:817-823.
2. Birch, M. E., and Cary, R. A. (1996). Elemental Carbon-Based Method for Monitoring Occupational Exposures to Particulate Diesel Exhaust, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 25:221-241.
3. Birch, M. E. (1998). Analysis of Carbonaceous Aerosols: Interlaboratory Comparison, Analyst 123:851-857.
4. Cadle, S. H., Groblicki, P. J., and Stroup, D. P. (1980). An Automated Carbon Analyzer for Particulate Samples, Analytical Chemistry 52:2201-2206.
5. Cadle, S. H., and Groblicki, P. J. (1982). An Evaluation of Methods for the Determination of Organic and Elemental Carbon in Particulate Samples. In Particulate Carbon: Atmospheric Life Cycles, edited by G. T. Wolff and R. L. Klimisch. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 89-109.
6. Cadle, S.H., Groblicki, P. J., and Mulawa, P. A. (1983). Problems in the Sampling and Analysis of Carbon Particulate, Atmos. Environ. 17:593-600.
7. Cadle, S. H., and Mulawa, P. A. (1990). Atmospheric Carbonaceous Species Measurement Methods Comparison Study: General Motors Results, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 12:128-131.
8. Chang, S. G., Brodzinsky, R., Gundel, L. A., and Novakov, T. (1982). Chemical and Catalytic Properties of Elemental Carbon. In Particulate Carbon: Atmospheric Life Cycle, edited by G. T. Wolff, and R. L. Klimisch. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 159-181.
9. Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Pritchett, L. C., Pierson, W. R., Frazier, C. A., and Purcell, R. G. (1993). The DRI Thermal/Optical Reflectance Carbon Analysis System: Description, Evaluation and Applications in U.S. Air Quality Studies, Atmos. Environ. 27A:1185-1201.
10. Chow, J. C., Fujita, E. M., Watson, J. G., Lu, Z., Lawson, D. R., and Ashbaugh, L. L. (1994). Evaluation of Filter-Based Aerosol Measurements During the 1987 Southern California Air Quality Study, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 30:49-80.
11. Chow, J. C. (1995). Critical Review: Measurement Methods to Determine Compliance with Ambient Air Quality Standards for Suspended Particles, JAWMA 45:320-382.
12. Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Lu, Z., Lowenthal, D. H., Frazier, C. A., Solomon, P. A, Thuillier, R. H., and Magliano, K.L. (1996). Descriptive Analysis of PM25 and PM10 at Regionally Representative Locations during SJVAQS/AUSPEX, Atmos. Environ. 30:2079-2112.
13. Clarke, A. G., and Karani, G. N. (1992). Characterization of the Carbonate Content of Atmospheric Aerosols, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 14:119-128.
14. Cloutis, E. A., Gaffey, M. J., and Moslow, T. F. (1994). Spectral Reflectance Properties of Carbon-Bearing Materials, Icarus 107:276-287.
15. Countess, R. J. (1990). Interlaboratory Analyses of Carbonaceous Aerosol Samples, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 12:114-121.
16. Doran, J. C., Abbott, J. L., Archuleta, J., Bian, X., Chow, J. C., Coulter, R. L., de Wekker, S. F. J., Edgerton, S. A., Fernandez, A., Fast, J. D., Hubbe, J. M., King, C. W., Langley, D., Leach, J. M., Lee, J. T., Martin, T. J., Martinez, D., Martinez, J. L., Mercado, G., Mora, V., Mulhearn, M., Pena, J. L., Petty, R., Porch, W. M., Russell, C., Salas, R., Shannon, J. D., Shaw, W. J., Sosa, G., Watson, J. G., Templeman, B., White, R., Whiteman, C. D., and Wolfe, D. (1998). The IMADA-AVER Boundary Layer Experiment in the Mexico City Area, Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. 79:2497-2508.
17. Ebert, L. B. (1990). Is Soot Composed Predominantly of Carbon Clusters?, Science 247:1468-1471.
18. Edgerton, S. A., Arriaga, J. L., Archuleta, J., Bian, X., Bossert, J. E., Chow, J. C., Coulter, R. L., Doran, J. C., Doskey, P. V., Elliot, S., Fast, J. D., Gaffney, J. S., Guzman, F., Hubbe, J. M., Lee, J. T., Malone, E. L., Marley, N. A., McNair, L. A., Neff, W. D., Ortiz, E., Petty, R., Ruiz, M. E., Shaw, W. J., Sosa, G., Vega, E., Watson, J. G., Whiteman, C. D., and Zhong, S. (1999). Particulate Air Pollution in Mexico City. A Collaborative Research Project: JAWMA 49:1221-1229.
19. Eldred, R. A., Cahill, T. A., and Flocchini, R. G. (1997). Composition of PM25 and PM10 Aerosols in the IMPROVE Network, JAWMA 47:194-203.
20. Ellis, E. C., and Novakov, T. (1982). Application of Thermal Analysis to the Characterization of Organic Aerosol Particles, Sci. Total Environ. 23:227-238.
21. Ellis, E. C., Novakov, T., and Zeldin, M. D. (1984). Thermal Characterization of Organic Aerosols, Sci. Total Environ. 36:261-270.
22. Fitz, D. R. (1990). Reduction of the Positive Organic Artifact on Quartz filters, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 12:142-148.
23. Fung, K. K. (1990). Particulate Carbon Speciation by MnO2 Oxidation, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 12:122-127.
24. Hitzenberger, R., Jennings, S. G., Larson, S. M., Dillner, A., Cachier, H., Galambos, Z., Rouc, A., and Spain, T. G. (1999). Intercomparison of Measurement Methods for Black Carbon Aerosols, Atmos. Environ. 33:2823-2833.
25. Horvath, H. (1997a). Experimental Calibration for Aerosol Light Absorption Measurements using the Integrating Plate Method-Summary of the Data, J AerosolSci. 28:1149-1161.
26. Horvath, H. (1997b). Discussion: Comparison of the Light Absorption Coefficient and Carbon Measures for Remote Aerosols: An Independent Analysis of Data from the IMPROVE Network I and II, Atmos. Environ. 31:2885-2887.
27. Huffman, D. (1996a). Comparison of Light Absorption Coefficient and Carbon Measures for Remote Aerosols. Reconstruction of Aerosol Light Absorption by Particle Measurements at Remote Sites: An Independent Analysis of Data from the IMPROVE Network-II, Atmos. Environ. 30:85-99.
28. Huffman, D. (1996b). Comparison of Light Absorption Coefficient and Carbon Measures for Remote Aerosols: An Independent Analysis of Data from the IMPROVE Network-I, Atmos. Environ. 30:73-83.
29. Huntzicker, J. J., Johnson, R. L., Shah, J. J., and Cary, R. A. (1982). Analysis of Organic and Elemental Carbon in Ambient Aerosol by a Thermal-Optical Method. In Particulate Carbon: Atmospheric Life Cycle, edited by G. T. Wolff and R. L. Klimisch. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 79-88.
30. Japar, S. M., Szkarlat, A. C., Gorse, R. A., Heyerdahl, E. K., Johnson, R. L., Rau, J. A., and Huntzicker, J. J. (1984). Comparison of Solvent Extraction and Thermal-Optical Carbon Analysis Methods: Application to Diesel Vehicle Exhaust Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol. 18:231-234.
31. Johnson, R. L., Shah, J. J., Cary, R. A., and Huntzicker, J. J. (1981). An Automated Thermal Optical Method for the Analysis of Carbonaceous Aerosol. In ACS Symposium Series #167: Atmospheric Aerosol, Source/Air Quality Relationships, edited by E. S. Macias and P. K. Hopke. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 223-233.
32. Lavanchy, V. M. H., Gaggeler, H. W., Nyeki, S., and Baltensperger, U. (1999). Elemental Carbon (EC) and Black Carbon (BC) Measurements with a Thermal Method and an Aethalometer at the High-Alpine Research Station Jungfraujoch, Atmos. Environ. 33:2759-2769.
33. MacKenzie, R. C. (1970). Differential Thermal Analysis, Volume 1 Fundamental Aspects, Academic Press, New York.
34. McDow, S. R., and Huntzicker, J. J. (1990). Vapor Adsorption Artifact in the Sampling of Organic Aerosol: Face Velocity Effects, Atmos. Environ. 24A:2563-2571.
35. Moosmuller, H., Arnott, W. P., Rogers, C. F., Chow, J. C., Frazier, C. A., Sherman, L. E., and Dietrich, D. L. (1998). Photoacoustic and Filter Measurements Related to Aerosol Light Absorption during the Northern Front Range Air Quality Study (Colorado 1996/1997), J. Geophys. Res. 103:28149-28157.
36. Mueller, P. K., Mosley, R. W., and Pierce, L. B. (1971). Carbonate and Noncarbonate Carbon in Atmospheric Particles. In Proceedings of the Second International Clean Air Congress, edited by H. M. Englund, and W. T. Beery. Academic Press, New York, pp. 532-539.
37. Mueller, P. K., Fung, K. K., Heisler, S. L., Grosjean, D., and Hidy, G. M. (1982). Atmospheric Particulate Carbon Observations in Urban and Rural Areas of the United States. In Particulate Carbon: Atmospheric Life Cycle, edited by G. T. Wolff, and R. L. Klimisch. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, NY, pp. 343-370.
38. NIOSH (1996). Elemental Carbon (Diesel Exhaust). In NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
39. NIOSH (1999). Method 5040 Issue 3 (Interim): Elemental Carbon (Diesel Exhaust). In NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
40. Novakov, T. (1982). Soot in the Atmosphere. In Particulate Carbon: Atmospheric Life Cycle, edited by G. T. Wolff and R. L. Klimisch. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 19-41.
41. Palmer, H. B. and Cullis, C. F. (1965). Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, Dekker, New York.
42. Price, J., Dattner, S., Lambeth, B., Kamrath, J., Aguirre, M., McMullen, G., Loos, K., Crow, W., Tropp, R., and Chow, J. C. (1998). Preliminary Results of Early PM2 5 Monitoring in Texas: Separating the Impacts of Transport and Local Contributions. In Proceedings, PM25: A Fine Particle Standard, edited by J. C. Chow and P. Koutrakis. Air & Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 191-202.
43. Rupprecht, E. G., Patashnick, H., Beeson, D. E., Green, R. E., and Meyer, M. A. (1995). A New Automated Monitor for the Measurement of Particulate Carbon in the Atmosphere. In Proceedings, Particulate Matter: Health and Regulatory Issues, edited by J. A. Cooper and L. D. Grant. Air and Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 262-267.
44. Seinfeld, J. H., and Pandis, S. N. (1998). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
45. Tanner, R. L., Gaffney, J. S., and Phillips, M. F. (1982). Determination of Organic and Elemental Carbon in Atmospheric Aerosol Samples by Thermal Evolution, Analytical Chemistry 54:1627-1630.
46. Tropp, R. J., Kohl, S. D., Chow, J. C., and Frazier, C. A. (1998). Final Report for the Texas PM2 5 Sampling and Analysis Study. Report No. 6570-685-7770. 1F. Prepared for City of Houston, Bureau of Air Quality Control, Houston, TX, by Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV.
47. Turner, J. R. and Hering, S. V. (1990). Vehicle Contribution to Ambient Carbonaceous Aerosols by Scaled Thermograms, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 12:620-629.
48. Turpin, B. J., Huntzicker, J. J., and Adams, K. M. (1990a). Intercomparison of Photoacoustic and Thermal Optical Methods for the Measurement of Atmospheric Elemental Carbon, Atmos. Environ. 24A:1831-1835.
49. Turpin, B. J., Cary, R. A., and Huntzicker, J. J. (1990b). An In-Situ Time Resolved Analyzer for Aerosol Organic and Elemental Carbon, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 12:161-171.
50. Turpin, B. J., Huntzicker, J. J., and Hering, S. V. (1994). Investigation of Organic Aerosol Sampling Artifacts in the Los Angeles Basin, Atmos. Environ. 28:3061-3071.
51. Watson, J. G. (1979). ChemicalElementBalanceReceptorModelMethodology for Assessing the Sources of Fine and Total Particulate Matter in Portland, Oregon, Ph.D. Dissertation, Oregon Graduate Center, Beaverton, OR.
52. Watson, J. G., Chow, J. C., Lowenthal, D. H., Pritchett, L. C., Frazier, C. A., Neuroth, G. R., and Robbins, R. (1994). Differences in the Carbon Composition of Source/Profiles for Diesel-and Gasoline-Powered Vehicles, Atmos. Environ. 28:2493-2505.
53. Watson, J. G., Fujita, E. M., Chow, J. C., Zielinska, B., Richards, L. W., Neff, W. D., and Dietrich, D. (1998). Northern Front Range Air Quality Study. Final report. Prepared for Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, by Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV.
54. Webb, T. L., and Kruger, J. E. (1970). Carbonates. In Differential Thermal Analysis, edited by R. C. MacKenzie. Academic Press, New York, pp. 303-341.