High avidity cytokine autoantibodies in health and disease: Pathogenesis and mechanisms

Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 263-273

  Watanabe, Masato ^a   Uchida, Kanji ^b   Nakagaki, Kazuhide ^c   Trapnell, Bruce C ^d   Nakata, Koh ^e  

^a KYORIN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^c NIPPON VETERINARY AND LIFE SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^d CINCINNATI CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^e NIIGATA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL AND DENTAL HOSPITAL   (Japan)

Author keywords

Anti cytokine autoantibodies; Cytokine autoantibodies; Cytokine autoantibody complex; GM CSF; Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; AUTOANTIBODY; BETA INTERFERON; CHEMOKINE; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR; CYTOKINE ANTIBODY; ERYTHROPOIETIN ANTIBODY; GAMMA INTERFERON ANTIBODY; GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR ANTIBODY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M ANTIBODY; INTERFERON ANTIBODY; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; RECOMBINANT ERYTHROPOIETIN; RECOMBINANT GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN 2;

ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; ANTIBODY PRODUCTION; ANTIGEN BINDING; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; AUTOIMMUNE POLYENDOCRINOPATHY CANDIDIASIS ECTODERMAL DYSTROPHY; AUTOIMMUNITY; B LYMPHOCYTE; BACTERIAL INFECTION; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; DISEASE SEVERITY; FELTY SYNDROME; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; IMMUNOMODULATION; IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS; IMMUNOREGULATION; KIDNEY CARCINOMA; LUNG ALVEOLUS PROTEINOSIS; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; MYASTHENIA GRAVIS; MYCOBACTERIOSIS; NONHUMAN; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PURE RED CELL ANEMIA; RECURRENT INFECTION; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS; THYMOMA; VIRUS HEPATITIS; VIRUS INFECTION;

ANTIBODY AFFINITY; AUTOANTIBODIES; CYTOKINES; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FELTY'S SYNDROME; HEALTH; HUMANS; MYCOBACTERIUM INFECTIONS; POLYENDOCRINOPATHIES, AUTOIMMUNE; PULMONARY ALVEOLAR PROTEINOSIS; RED-CELL APLASIA, PURE; T-LYMPHOCYTES; VIRUS DISEASES;

EID: 77956414893     PISSN: 13596101     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.03.003     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Mogensen K.E., Daubas P., Gresser I., Sereni D., Varet B. Patient with circulating antibodies to alpha-interferon. Lancet 1981, 2:1227-1228.
2. Vallbracht A., Treuner J., Flehmig B., Joester K.E., Niethammer D. Interferon-neutralizing antibodies in a patient treated with human fibroblast interferon. Nature 1981, 289:496-497.
3. Suzuki H., Akama T., Okane M., Kono I., Matsui Y., Yamane K., et al. Interleukin-1-inhibitory IgG in sera from some patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1989, 32:1528-1538.
4. Svenson M., Poulsen L.K., Fomsgaard A., Bendtzen K. IgG autoantibodies against interleukin 1 alpha in sera of normal individuals. Scand J Immunol 1989, 29:489-492.
5. Bendtzen K., Hansen M.B., Ross C., Svenson M. High-avidity autoantibodies to cytokines. Immunol Today 1998, 19:209-211.
6. Svenson M., Hansen M.B., Bendtzen K. Binding of cytokines to pharmaceutically prepared human immunoglobulin. J Clin Invest 1993, 92:2533-2539.
7. Svenson M., Hansen M.B., Ross C., Diamant M., Rieneck K., Nielsen H., et al. Antibody to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is a dominant anti-cytokine activity in human IgG preparations. Blood 1998, 91:2054-2061.
8. Ross C., Svenson M., Hansen M.B., Vejlsgaard G.L., Bendtzen K. High avidity IFN-neutralizing antibodies in pharmaceutically prepared human IgG. J Clin Invest 1995, 95:1974-1978.
9. Ross C., Svenson M., Nielsen H., Lundsgaard C., Hansen M.B., Bendtzen K. Increased in vivo antibody activity against interferon alpha, interleukin-1alpha, and interleukin-6 after high-dose Ig therapy. Blood 1997, 90:2376-2380.
10. Kitamura T., Tanaka N., Watanabe J., Uchida, Kanegasaki S., Yamada Y., et al. Idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis as an autoimmune disease with neutralizing antibody against granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Exp Med 1999, 190:875-880.
11. Kitamura T., Uchida K., Tanaka N., Tsuchiya T., Watanabe J., Yamada Y., et al. Serological diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000, 162:658-662.
12. Uchida K., Nakata K., Suzuki T., Luisetti M., Watanabe M., Koch D.E., et al. Granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor autoantibodies and myeloid cell immune functions in healthy subjects. Blood 2009, 113:2547-2556.
13. Watanabe M., Uchida K., Nakagaki K., Kanazawa H., Trapnell B.C., Hoshino Y., et al. Anti-cytokine autoantibodies are ubiquitous in healthy individuals. FEBS Lett 2007, 581:2017-2021.
14. Uchida K., Beck D.C., Yamamoto T., Berclaz P.Y., Abe S., Staudt M.K., et al. GM-CSF autoantibodies and neutrophil dysfunction in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. N Engl J Med 2007, 356:567-579.
15. Kurdowska A., Noble J.M., Grant I.S., Robertson C.R., Haslett C., Donnelly S.C. Anti-interleukin-8 autoantibodies in patients at risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 2002, 30:2335-2337.
16. Kurdowska A., Noble J.M., Steinberg K.P., Ruzinski J.T., Hudson L.D., Martin T.R. Anti-interleukin 8 autoantibody: interleukin 8 complexes in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Relationship between the complexes and clinical disease activity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001, 163:463-468.
17. Uchida K., Nakata K., Trapnell B.C., Terakawa T., Hamano E., Mikami A., et al. High-affinity autoantibodies specifically eliminate granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor activity in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Blood 2004, 103:1089-1098.
18. Madariaga L., Amurrio C., Martin G., Garcia-Cebrian F., Bicandi J., Lardelli P., et al. Detection of anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies in subjects infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1998, 2:62-68.
19. Elkarim R.A., Mustafa M., Kivisakk P., Link H., Bakhiet M. Cytokine autoantibodies in multiple sclerosis, aseptic meningitis and stroke. Eur J Clin Invest 1998, 28:295-299.
20. Kurdowska A.K., Noble J.M., Adcock J.E. Interleukin-8 and anti-interleukin-8 autoantibodies in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2003, 38:73-78.
21. Dicou E., Nerrière V. Evidence that natural autoantibodies against the nerve growth factor (NGF) may be potential carriers of NGF. J Neuroimmunol 1997, 75:200-203.
22. Kurdowska A., Miller E.J., Noble J.M., Baughman R.P., Matthay M.A., Brelsford W.G., et al. Anti-IL-8 autoantibodies in alveolar fluid from patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. J Immunol 1996, 157:2699-2706.
23. Hellmich B., Csernok E., Schatz H., Gross W.L., Schnabel A. Autoantibodies against granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in Felty's syndrome and neutropenic systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2002, 46:2384-2391.
24. Hara A., Wada T., Kitajima S., Toyama T., Okumura T., Kitagawa K., et al. Combined pure red cell aplasia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in systemic lupus erythematosus with anti-erythropoietin autoantibodies. Am J Hematol 2008, 83:750-752.
25. Patel S.Y., Ding L., Brown M.R., Lantz L., Gay T., Cohen S., et al. Anti-IFN-gamma autoantibodies in disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. J Immunol 2005, 175:4769-4776.
26. Puel A., Picard C., Lorrot M., Pons C., Chrabieh M., Lorenzo L., et al. Recurrent staphylococcal cellulitis and subcutaneous abscesses in a child with autoantibodies against IL-6. J Immunol 2008, 180:647-654.
27. Meager A., Visvalingam K., Peterson P., Moll K., Murumagi A., Krohn K., et al. Anti-interferon autoantibodies in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1. PLoS Med 2006, 3:e289.
28. Graudal N.A., Svenson M., Tarp U., Garred P., Jurik A.G., Bendtzen K. Autoantibodies against interleukin 1alpha in rheumatoid arthritis: association with long term radiographic outcome. Ann Rheum Dis 2002, 61:598-602.
29. Jouvenne P., Fossiez F., Banchereau J., Miossec P. High levels of neutralizing autoantibodies against IL-1 alpha are associated with a better prognosis in chronic polyarthritis: a follow-up study. Scand J Immunol 1997, 46:413-418.
30. Sjöwall C., Ernerudh J., Bengtsson A.A., Sturfelt G., Skogh T. Reduced anti-TNFalpha autoantibody levels coincide with flare in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 2004, 22:315-323.
31. Krupa A., Kato H., Matthay M.A., Kurdowska A.K. Proinflammatory activity of anti-IL-8 autoantibody:IL-8 complexes in alveolar edema fluid from patients with acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004, 286:L1105-L1113.
32. Suzuki H., Takemura H., Yoshizaki K., Koishihara Y., Ohsugi Y., Okano A., et al. IL-6-anti-IL-6 autoantibody complexes with IL-6 activity in sera from some patients with systemic sclerosis. J Immunol 1994, 152:935-942.
33. Galle P., Svenson M., Bendtzen K., Hansen M.B. High levels of neutralizing IL-6 autoantibodies in 0.1% of apparently healthy blood donors. Eur J Immunol 2004, 34:3267-3275.
34. Trapnell B.C., Whitsett J.A., Nakata K. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. N Engl J Med 2003, 349:2527-2539.
35. Casadevall N., Cournoyer D., Marsh J., Messner H., Pallister C., Parker-Williams J., et al. Recommendations on haematological criteria for the diagnosis of epoetin-induced pure red cell aplasia. Eur J Haematol 2004, 73:389-396.
36. Casadevall N., Nataf J., Viron B., Kolta A., Kiladjian J.J., Martin-Dupont P., et al. Pure red-cell aplasia and antierythropoietin antibodies in patients treated with recombinant erythropoietin. N Engl J Med 2002, 346:469-475.
37. Tzioufas A.G., Kokori S.I., Petrovas C.I., Moutsopoulos H.M. Autoantibodies to human recombinant erythropoietin in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: correlation with anemia. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:2212-2216.
38. Casadevall N., Dupuy E., Molho-Sabatier P., Tobelem G., Varet B., Mayeux P. Autoantibodies against erythropoietin in a patient with pure red-cell aplasia. N Engl J Med 1996, 334:630-633.
39. Döffinger R., Helbert M.R., Barcenas-Morales G., Yang K., Dupuis S., Ceron-Gutierrez L., et al. Autoantibodies to interferon-gamma in a patient with selective susceptibility to mycobacterial infection and organ-specific autoimmunity. Clin Infect Dis 2004, 38:e10-e14.
40. Höflich C., Sabat R., Rosseau S., Temmesfeld B., Slevogt H., Docke W.D., et al. Naturally occurring anti-IFN-gamma autoantibody and severe infections with Mycobacterium cheloneae and Burkholderia cocovenenans. Blood 2004, 103:673-675.
41. Tanaka Y., Hori T., Ito K., Fujita T., Ishikawa T., Uchiyama T. Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in a patient with autoantibody to interferon-gamma. Intern Med 2007, 46:1005-1009.
42. Ahonen P., Myllarniemi S., Sipila I., Perheentupa J. Clinical variation of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) in a series of 68 patients. N Engl J Med 1990, 322:1829-1836.
43. Eisenbarth G.S., Gottlieb P.A. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes. N Engl J Med 2004, 350:2068-2079.
44. Mathis D., Benoist C. Aire. Annu Rev Immunol 2009, 27:287-312.
45. Homann C., Hansen M.B., Graudal N., Hasselqvist P., Svenson M., Bendtzen K., et al. Anti-interleukin-6 autoantibodies in plasma are associated with an increased frequency of infections and increased mortality of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Scand J Immunol 1996, 44:623-629.
46. Fudala R., Krupa A., Stankowska D., Allen T.C., Kurdowska A.K. Anti-interleukin-8 autoantibody:interleukin-8 immune complexes in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. Clin Sci (Lond) 2008, 114:403-412.
47. Fudala R., Krupa A., Matthay M.A., Allen T.C., Kurdowska A.K. Anti-IL-8 autoantibody:IL-8 immune complexes suppress spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007, 293:L364-L374.
48. Takemura H., Suzuki H., Yoshizaki K., Ogata A., Yuhara T., Akama T., et al. Anti-interleukin-6 autoantibodies in rheumatic diseases. Increased frequency in the sera of patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 1992, 35:940-943.
49. von Wussow P., Jakschies D., Hartung K., Deicher H. Presence of interferon and anti-interferon in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int 1988, 8:225-230.
50. Meager A., Wadhwa M., Dilger P., Bird C., Thorpe R., Newsom-Davis J., et al. Anti-cytokine autoantibodies in autoimmunity: preponderance of neutralizing autoantibodies against interferon-alpha, interferon-omega and interleukin-12 in patients with thymoma and/or myasthenia gravis. Clin Exp Immunol 2003, 132:128-136.
51. Ikeda Y., Toda G., Hashimoto N., Umeda N., Miyake K., Yamanaka M., et al. Naturally occurring anti-interferon-alpha 2a antibodies in patients with acute viral hepatitis. Clin Exp Immunol 1991, 85:80-84.
52. Capini C.J., Richardson M.W., Hendel H., Sverstiuk A., Mirchandani J., Regulier E.G., et al. Autoantibodies to TNFalpha in HIV-1 infection: prospects for anti-cytokine vaccine therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2001, 55:23-31.
53. Ikeda Y., Miyake K., Toda G., Yamada H., Yamanaka M., Oka H. Detection of anti-interferon-alpha 2a antibodies in chronic liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1989, 4:411-418.
54. Bost K.L., Hahn B.H., Saag M.S., Shaw G.M., Weigent D.A., Blalock J.E. Individuals infected with HIV possess antibodies against IL-2. Immunology 1988, 65:611-615.
55. Strobel P., Marx A., Zettl A., Muller-Hermelink H.K. Thymoma and thymic carcinoma: an update of the WHO Classification 2004. Surg Today 2005, 35:805-811.
56. Shiono H., Wong Y.L., Matthews I., Liu J.L., Zhang W., Sims G., et al. Spontaneous production of anti-IFN-alpha and anti-IL-12 autoantibodies by thymoma cells from myasthenia gravis patients suggests autoimmunization in the tumor. Int Immunol 2003, 15:903-913.
57. Buckley C., Newsom-Davis J., Willcox N., Vincent A. Do titin and cytokine antibodies in MG patients predict thymoma or thymoma recurrence?. Neurology 2001, 57:1579-1582.
58. Colonna M., Krug A., Cella M. Interferon-producing cells: on the front line in immune responses against pathogens. Curr Opin Immunol 2002, 14:373-379.
59. Bendriss-Vermare N., Barthelemy C., Durand I., Bruand C., Dezutter-Dambuyant C., Moulian N., et al. Human thymus contains IFN-alpha-producing CD11c(-), myeloid CD11c(+), and mature interdigitating dendritic cells. J Clin Invest 2001, 107:835-844.
60. Hansen M.B., Svenson M., Abell K., Varming K., Nielsen H.P., Bertelsen A., et al. Sex- and age-dependency of IgG auto-antibodies against IL-1 alpha in healthy humans. Eur J Clin Invest 1994, 24:212-218.
61. Ohmoto Y., Ogushi F., Muraguchi M., Yamakawa M., Sone S. Age-related increase of autoantibodies to interleukin 1 alpha in healthy Japanese blood donors. J Med Invest 1997, 44:89-94.
62. Svenson M., Bagge Hansen M., Bendtzen K. Distribution and characterization of autoantibodies to interleukin 1 alpha in normal human sera. Scand J Immunol 1990, 32:695-701.
63. Hansen M.B., Svenson M., Diamant M., Bendtzen K. High-affinity IgG autoantibodies to IL-6 in sera of normal individuals are competitive inhibitors of IL-6 in vitro. Cytokine 1993, 5:72-80.
64. Laricchia Robbio L., Moscato S., Genua A., Liberati A.M., Revoltella R.P. Naturally occurring and therapy-induced antibodies to human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in human serum. J Cell Physiol 1997, 173:219-226.
65. Revoltella R.P., Laricchia Robbio L., Moscato S., Vinante F., Fasciani A., Liberati A.M., et al. Naturally-occurring anti-G-CSF antibodies produced by human cord blood B-cell lines infected with Epstein-Barr virus. Hematol J 2001, 2:161-171.
66. Revoltella R.P., Laricchia Robbio L., Liberati A.M., Reato G., Foa R., Funaro A., et al. Antibodies binding granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor produced by cord blood-derived B cell lines immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus in vitro. Cell Immunol 2000, 204:114-127.
67. Tiberio L., Caruso A., Pozzi A., Rivoltini L., Morelli D., Monti E., et al. The detection and biological activity of human antibodies to IL-2 in normal donors. Scand J Immunol 1993, 38:472-476.
68. Balleari E., Bason C., Visani G., Gobbi M., Ottaviani E., Ghio R. Serum levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in treated patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase. Haematologica 1994, 79:7-12.
69. Sylvester I., Yoshimura T., Sticherling M., Schroder J.M., Ceska M., Peichl P., et al. Neutrophil attractant protein-1-immunoglobulin G immune complexes and free anti-NAP-1 antibody in normal human serum. J Clin Invest 1992, 90:471-481.
70. Garrone P., Djossou O., Fossiez F., Reyes J., Ait-Yahia S., Maat C., et al. Generation and characterization of a human monoclonal autoantibody that acts as a high affinity interleukin-1 alpha specific inhibitor. Mol Immunol 1996, 33:649-658.
71. Hayashida K., Kitamura T., Gorman D.M., Arai K., Yokota T., Miyajima A. Molecular cloning of a second subunit of the receptor for human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF): reconstitution of a high-affinity GM-CSF receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990, 87:9655-9659.
72. Sims J.E., Acres R.B., Grubin C.E., McMahan C.J., Wignall J.M., March C.J., et al. Cloning the interleukin 1 receptor from human T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989, 86:8946-8950.
73. Hibi M., Murakami M., Saito M., Hirano T., Taga T., Kishimoto T. Molecular cloning and expression of an IL-6 signal transducer, gp130. Cell 1990, 63:1149-1157.
74. Tavernier J., Tuypens T., Plaetinck G., Verhee A., Fiers W., Devos R. Molecular basis of the membrane-anchored and two soluble isoforms of the human interleukin 5 receptor alpha subunit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992, 89:7041-7045.
75. Liu Y., Wei S.H., Ho A.S., de Waal Malefyt R., Moore K.W. Expression cloning and characterization of a human IL-10 receptor. J Immunol 1994, 152:1821-1829.
76. Cohen B., Novick D., Barak S., Rubinstein M. Ligand-induced association of the type I interferon receptor components. Mol Cell Biol 1995, 15:4208-4214.
77. Monti E., Pozzi A., Tiberio L., Morelli D., Caruso A., Villa M.L., et al. Purification of interleukin-2 antibodies from healthy individuals. Immunol Lett 1993, 36:261-266.
78. Ross C., Hansen M.B., Schyberg T., Berg K. Autoantibodies to crude human leucocyte interferon (IFN), native human IFN, recombinant human IFN-alpha 2b and human IFN-gamma in healthy blood donors. Clin Exp Immunol 1990, 82:57-62.
79. Courtney L.P., Phelps J.L., Karavodin L.M. An anti-IL-2 antibody increases serum half-life and improves anti-tumor efficacy of human recombinant interleukin-2. Immunopharmacology 1994, 28:223-232.
80. Finkelman F.D., Madden K.B., Morris S.C., Holmes J.M., Boiani N., Katona I.M., et al. Anti-cytokine antibodies as carrier proteins. Prolongation of in vivo effects of exogenous cytokines by injection of cytokine-anti-cytokine antibody complexes. J Immunol 1993, 151:1235-1244.
81. Sato J., Hamaguchi N., Doken K., Gotoh K., Ootsu K., Iwasa S., et al. Enhancement of anti-tumor activity of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) by immunocomplexing with a monoclonal antibody against rIL-2. Biotherapy 1993, 6:225-231.
82. Boyman O., Kovar M., Rubinstein M.P., Surh C.D., Sprent J. Selective stimulation of T cell subsets with antibody-cytokine immune complexes. Science 2006, 311:1924-1927.
83. Laver J., Duncan E., Abboud M., Gasparetto C., Sahdev I., Warren D., et al. High levels of granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors in cord blood of normal full-term neonates. J Pediatr 1990, 116:627-632.
84. Goodnow C.C., Sprent J., Fazekas de St Groth B., Vinuesa C.G. Cellular and genetic mechanisms of self tolerance and autoimmunity. Nature 2005, 435:590-597.
85. Ragnhammar P., Friesen H.J., Frodin J.E., Lefvert A.K., Hassan M., Osterborg A., et al. Induction of anti-recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (Escherichia coli-derived) antibodies and clinical effects in nonimmunocompromised patients. Blood 1994, 84:4078-4087.
86. Whitehead R.P., Ward D., Hemingway L., Hemstreet G.P., Bradley E., Konrad M. Subcutaneous recombinant interleukin 2 in a dose escalating regimen in patients with metastatic renal cell adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 1990, 50:6708-6715.
87. Casadevall N., Eckardt K.U., Rossert J. Epoetin-induced autoimmune pure red cell aplasia. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005, 16(Suppl. 1):S67-S69.
88. Lampasona V., Rio J., Franciotta D., Furlan R., Avolio C., Fazio R., et al. Serial immunoprecipitation assays for interferon-(IFN)-beta antibodies in multiple sclerosis patients. Eur Cytokine Netw 2003, 14:154-157.
89. Anderson M.S., Venanzi E.S., Chen Z., Berzins S.P., Benoist C., Mathis D. The cellular mechanism of Aire control of T cell tolerance. Immunity 2005, 23:227-239.
90. Anderson M.S., Venanzi E.S., Klein L., Chen Z., Berzins S.P., Turley S.J., et al. Projection of an immunological self shadow within the thymus by the aire protein. Science 2002, 298:1395-1401.
91. Spriggs M.K. One step ahead of the game: viral immunomodulatory molecules. Annu Rev Immunol 1996, 14:101-130.
92. ElKarim R., Granert C., Lindquist L., Link H., Bakhiet M. Levels of gamma interferon and interleukin-4 are inversely related to the levels of their corresponding autoantibodies in patients with lower respiratory tract infection. Infect Immun 1999, 67:3051-3054.
93. Evans M., Abdou N.I. Anti-interleukin-6 and soluble interleukin-6 receptor in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 1994, 3:161-166.
94. Lokshin A.E., Winans M., Landsittel D., Marrangoni A.M., Velikokhatnaya L., Modugno F., et al. Circulating IL-8 and anti-IL-8 autoantibody in patients with ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2006, 102:244-251.
95. Zhang W., Liu J.L., Meager A., Newsom-Davis J., Willcox N. Autoantibodies to IL-12 in myasthenia gravis patients with thymoma; effects on the IFN-gamma responses of healthy CD4+ T cells. J Neuroimmunol 2003, 139:102-108.
96. Fomsgaard A., Svenson M., Bendtzen K. Auto-antibodies to tumour necrosis factor alpha in healthy humans and patients with inflammatory diseases and gram-negative bacterial infections. Scand J Immunol 1989, 30:219-223.
97. Tsuchiyama L., Wong T., Kieran J., Boyle P., Penza D., Wetzel G.D. Comparison of anti-TNF alpha autoantibodies in plasma and from EBV transformed lymphocytes of autoimmune and normal individuals. Hum Antibodies Hybridomas 1995, 6:73-76.
98. Inoue Y., Trapnell B.C., Tazawa R., Arai T., Takada T., Hizawa N., et al. Characteristics of a large cohort of patients with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in Japan. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008, 177:752-762.
99. Meager A., Wadhwa M., Bird C., Dilger P., Thorpe R., Newsom-Davis J., et al. Spontaneously occurring neutralizing antibodies against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with autoimmune disease. Immunology 1999, 97:526-532.
100. Slavikova M., Schmeisser H., Kontsekova E., Mateicka F., Borecky L., Kontsek P. Incidence of autoantibodies against type I and type II interferons in a cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Slovakia. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2003, 23:143-147.
101. Elkarim R.A., Mustafa M., Link H., Bakhiet M., Ekerfelt C., Vrethem M., et al. Induction of neutralizing autoantibodies to interferon-gamma in patients with polyneuropathy. Hum Antibodies 1999, 9:55-60.
102. Klyushnik T.P., Sergienko N.S., Danilovskaya E.V., Goryunova A.V., Maslova O.I. Autoantibodies to nerve growth factor in disorders of mental development in infants. Neurosci Behav Physiol 2001, 31:165-167.