Gene-expression profiles, tumor microenvironment, and cancer stem cells in breast cancer: Latest advances towards an integrated approach

Cancer Treatment Reviews

Volumn 36, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 477-484

  Vera Ramirez, Laura ^a,b   Sanchez Rovira, Pedro ^a   Ramirez Tortosa, Cesar L ^a   Quiles, Jose L ^b,c   Ramirez Tortosa, M Carmen ^b,c   Alvarez, J Carlos ^c   Fernandez Navarro, Monica ^a   Lorente, Jose A ^c  

^a Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén ^*  (Spain)

^b Biomedical Research Center   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GRANADA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Cancer stem cells; Dormant cells; Extracellular matrix; Genetic signature; Microenvironment

Indexed keywords

COMPLEMENTARY DNA; DNA; RNA;

BREAST CANCER; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER PATIENT; CANCER RESEARCH; CANCER STEM CELL; DNA MICROARRAY; DORMANCY; DRUG TARGETING; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; GENE EXPRESSION; GENOMICS; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; MICROENVIRONMENT; NONHUMAN; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PREDICTION; PROGNOSIS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REVIEW; TREATMENT RESPONSE; BREAST TUMOR; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENETICS; PATHOLOGY; PROCEDURES;

BREAST NEOPLASMS; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; HUMANS; NEOPLASTIC STEM CELLS;

EID: 77956343559     PISSN: 03057372     EISSN: 15321967     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2010.02.017     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Parkin D.M., Fernández L.G.M. Use of statistics to assess the global burden of breast cancer. Breast J 2006, 12:S70-S80.
2. Ferlay J., Autier P., Boniol M., Heanue M., Colombet M., Boyle P. Estimates of the Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Europe in 2006. Ann Oncol 2007, 18:581-592.
3. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 2005; 365:1687-717.
4. Goldhirsch A., Glick J.H., Gelber R.D., Coates A.S., Thürlimann B., Senn H.J. Meeting Highlights: International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2005. Ann Oncol 2005, 16:1569-1583. Panel members.
5. Cinieri S., Orlando L., Fedele P., et al. Adjuvant strategies in breast cancer: new prospectives, questions and reflections at the end of 2007. St Gallen International Expert Consensus Conference. Ann Oncol 2007, 18(Suppl. 6):vi63-vi65.
6. Murphy N., Millar E., Lee C.S. Gene expression profiling in breast cancer: towards individualising patient management. Pathology 2005, 37:271-277.
7. Gruvberger-Saal S.K., Cunliffe H.E., Carr K.M., Hedenfalk I.A. Microarrays in breast cancer research and clinical practice-the future lies ahead. Endocr Relat Cancer 2006, 3:1017-1031.
8. Perou C.M., Sørlie T., Eisen M.B., et al. Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature 2000, 406:747-752.
9. Sorlie T., Perou C.M., Tibshirani R., et al. Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001, 98:10869-10874.
10. Sorlie T., Tibshirani R., Parker J., et al. Repeated observation of breast tumor subtypes in independent gene expression data sets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003, 100:8418-8423.
11. van 't Veer L.J., Dai H., van de Vijver M.J., et al. Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of breast cancer. Nature 2002, 415:530-536.
12. van de Vijver M.J., He Y.D., van't Veer L.J., et al. A gene-expression signature as a predictor of survival in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2002, 347:1999-2009.
13. Chang H.Y., Sneddon J.B., Alizadeh A.A., et al. Gene expression signature of fibroblast serum response predicts human cancer progression: similarities between tumors and wounds. PLoS Biol 2004, 2:206-214.
14. Chang H.Y., Nuyten D.S., Sneddon J.B., et al. Robustness, scalability, and integration of a wound-response gene expression signature in predicting breast cancer survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005, 102:3738-3743.
15. Wang Y., Klijn J.G., Zhang Y., et al. Gene-expression profiles to predict distant metastasis of lymph-node-negative primary breast cancer. Lancet 2005, 365:671-679.
16. Pawitan Y., Bjöhle J., Amler L., et al. Gene expression profiling spares early breast cancer patients from adjuvant therapy: derived and validated in two population-based cohorts. Breast Cancer Res 2005, 7:R953-R964.
17. Paik S., Shak S., Tang G., et al. A multigene assay to predict recurrence of tamoxifen-treated, node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2004, 351:2817-2826.
18. Chang J.C., Wooten E.C., Tsimelzon A., et al. Gene expression profiling for the prediction of therapeutic response to docetaxel in patients with breast cancer. Lancet 2003, 362:362-369.
19. Ayers M., Symmans W.F., Stec J., et al. Gene expression profiles predict complete pathologic response to neoadjuvant paclitaxel and fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004, 22:2284-2293.
20. Hess K.R., Anderson K., Symmans W.F., et al. Pharmacogenomic predictor of sensitivity to preoperative chemotherapy with paclitaxel and fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006, 24:4236-4244.
21. Rouzier R., Perou C.M., Symmans W.F., et al. Breast cancer molecular subtypes respond differently to preoperative chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2005, 11:5678-5685.
22. Habel L.A., Shak S., Jacobs M.K., et al. A population-based study of tumor gene expression and risk of breast cancer death among lymph node-negative patients. Breast Cancer Res 2006, 8:R25.
23. Gianni L., Zambetti M., Clark K., et al. Gene expression profiles in paraffin-embedded core biopsy tissue predict response to chemotherapy in women with locally advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23:7265-7277.
24. Paik S., Tang G., Shak S., et al. Gene expression and benefit of chemotherapy in women with node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006, 24:3726-3734.
25. Iwao-Koizumi K., Matoba R., Ueno N., et al. Prediction of docetaxel response in human breast cancer by gene expression profiling. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23:422-431.
26. Cianfrocca M., Gradishar W. New molecular classifications of breast cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2009, 59:303-313.
27. West R.B., Nuyten D.S., Subramanian S., et al. Determination of stromal signatures in breast carcinoma. PLoS Biol 2005, 3:e187.
28. Chi J.T., Rodriguez E.H., Wang Z., et al. Gene expression programs of human smooth muscle cells: tissue-specific differentiation and prognostic significance in breast cancers. PLoS Genet 2007, 3:1770-1784.
29. Finak G., Bertos N., Pepin F., et al. Stromal gene expression predicts clinical outcome in breast cancer. Nat Med 2008, 14:518-527.
30. Bergamaschi A., Tagliabue E., Sørlie T., et al. Extracellular matrix signature identifies breast cancer subgroups with different clinical outcome. J Pathol 2008, 214:357-367.
31. Farmer P., Bonnefoi H., Anderle P., et al. A stroma-related gene signature predicts resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Nat Med 2009, 15:68-74.
32. Klaunig J.E., Kamendulis L.M. The role of oxidative stress in carcinogenesis. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2004, 44:239-267.
33. Valko M., Rhodes C.J., Moncol J., Izakovic M., Mazur M. Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2006, 160:1-40.
34. Conklin K.A. Chemotherapy-associated oxidative stress: impact on chemotherapeutic effectiveness. Integr Cancer Ther 2004, 3:294-300.
35. Bernard-Marty C., Mano M., Paesmans M., et al. Second malignancies following adjuvant chemotherapy: 6-year results from a Belgian randomized study comparing cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) with an anthracycline-based regimen in adjuvant treatment of node-positive breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2003, 14:693-698.
36. Kopjar N., Milas I., Garaj-Vrhovac V., Gamulin M. Alkaline comet assay study with breast cancer patients: evaluation of baseline and chemotherapy-induced DNA damage in non-target cells. Clin Exp Med 2006, 6:177-190.
37. Bonnet D., Dick J.E. Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell. Nat Med 1997, 3:730-737.
38. Al-Hajj M., Wicha M.S., Benito-Hernandez A., Morrison S.J., Clarke M.F. Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003, 100:3983-3988.
39. Ponti D., Costa A., Zaffaroni N., et al. Isolation and in vitro propagation of tumorigenic breast cancer cells with tem/progenitor cell properties. Cancer Res 2005, 65:5506-5511.
40. Fillmore C.M., Kuperwasser C. Human breast cancer cell lines contain stem-like cells that self-renew, give rise to phenotypically diverse progeny and survive chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res 2008, 10(2):R25.
41. Charafe-Jauffret E., Ginestier C., Iovino F., et al. Breast cancer cell lines contain functional cancer stem cells with metastatic capacity and a distinct molecular signature. Cancer Res 2009, 69:1302-1313.
42. Hwang-Verslues W.W., Kuo W.H., Chang P.H., et al. Multiple lineages of human breast cancer stem/progenitor cells identified by profiling with stem cell markers. PLoS One 2009, 4:e8377.
43. Dontu G., Abdallah W.M., Foley J.M., et al. In vitro propagation and transcriptional profiling of human mammary stem/progenitor cells. Genes Dev 2003, 17:1253-1270.
44. ÓBrien C.A., Pollett A., Gallinger S., Dick J.E. A human colon cancer cell capable of initiating tumour growth in immunodeficient mice. Nature 2007, 445:106-110.
45. Singh S.K., Clarke I.D., Terasaki M., et al. Identification of a cancer stem cell in human brain tumors. Cancer Res 2003, 63:5821-5828.
46. Li C., Heidt D.G., Dalerba P., et al. Identification of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Cancer Res 2007, 67:1030-1037.
47. Eramo A., Lotti F., Sette G., et al. Identification and expansion of the tumorigenic lung cancer stem cell population. Cell Death Differ 2008, 15:504-514.
48. Collins A.T., Berry P.A., Hyde C., Stower M.J., Maitland N.J. Prospective identification of tumorigenic prostate cancer stem cells. Cancer Res 2005, 65:10946.
49. Dou J., Pan M., Wen P., et al. Isolation and identification of cancer stem-like cells from murine melanoma cell lines. Cell Mol Immunol 2007, 4:467-472.
50. Qiang L., Yang Y., Ma Y.J., et al. Isolation and characterization of cancer stem like cells in human glioblastoma cell lines. Cancer Lett 2009, 279:13-21.
51. Wicha M.S., Liu S., Dontu G. Cancer stem cells: an old idea - a paradigm shift. Cancer Res 2006, 66:1883-1890.
52. Molyneux G., Regan J., Smalley M.J. Mammary stem cells and breast cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2007, 64:3248-3260.
53. Dontu G., Al-Hajj M., Abdallah W.M., Clarke M.F., Wicha M.S. Stem cells in normal breast development and breast cancer. Cell Prolif 2003, 36(Suppl. 1):59-72.
54. Mimeault M., Hauke R., Mehta P.P., Batra S.K. Recent advances in cancer stem/progenitor cell research: therapeutic implications for overcoming resistance to the most aggressive cancers. J Cell Mol Med 2007, 11:981-1011.
55. Kakarala M., Wicha M.S. Cancer stem cells: implications for cancer treatment and prevention. Cancer J 2007, 13:271-275.
56. Charafe-Jauffret E., Monville F., Ginestier C., Dontu G., Birnbaum D., Wicha M.S. Cancer stem cells in breast: current opinion and future challenges. Pathobiology 2008, 75:75-84.
57. Dean M., Fojo T., Bates S. Tumour stem cells and drug resistance. Nat Rev Cancer 2005, 5:275-284.
58. Woodward W.A., Chen M.S., Behbod F., Alfaro M.P., Buchholz T.A., Rosen J.M. WNT/beta-catenin mediates radiation resistance of mouse mammary progenitor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007, 104:618-623.
59. + breast cancer-initiating cells to radiation. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006, 98:1777-1785.
60. Diehn M., Cho R.W., Lobo N.A., et al. Association of reactive oxygen species levels and radioresistance in cancer stem cells. Nature 2009, 458:780-785.
61. Li X., Lewis M.T., Huang J., et al. Intrinsic resistance of tumorigenic breast cancer cells to chemotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008, 100:672-679.
62. Chuthapisith S., Eremin J., El-Sheemey M., Eremin O. Breast cancer chemoresistance. Emerging importance of cancer stem cells. Surg Oncol 2010, 19:27-32.
63. Magni M., Shammah S., Schiro R., et al. Induction of clyclophosphamide-resistance by aldehyde-deshydrogenase gene transfer. Blood 1996, 87:1097-1103.
64. Ginestier C., Hur M.H., Charafe-Jauffret E., et al. ALDH1 is a marker of normal and malignant human mammary stem cells and a predictor of poor clinical outcome. Cell Stem Cell 2007, 1(5):555-567.
65. Liu R., Wang X., Chen G.Y., et al. The prognostic role of a gene signature from tumorigenic breast-cancer cells. N Engl J Med 2007, 356:217-226.
66. -/low cells in breast cancer may not be associated with clinical outcome but may favor distant metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2005, 11:1154-1159.
67. LaBarge M.A., Petersen O.W., Bissell M.J. Of microenvironments and mammary stem cells. Stem Cell Rev 2007, 3:137-146.
68. Heffron C.C., Gallagher M.F., Guenther S., et al. Global mRNA analysis to determine a transcriptome profile of cancer stemness in a mouse model. Anticancer Res 2007, 27:1319-1324.
69. Christofori G. New signals from the invasive front. Nature 2006, 441:444-450.
70. Chambers A.F., Groom A.C., MacDonald I.C. Dissemination and growth of cancer cells in metastatic sites. Nat Rev Cancer 2002, 2:563-572.
71. Kaplan R.N., Rafii S., Lyden D. Preparing the " soil": the premetastatic niche. Cancer Res 2006, 66:11089-11093.
72. Li F., Tiede B., Massague J., Kang Y. Beyond tumorigenesis: cancer stem cells in metastasis. Cell Res 2007, 17:3-14.
73. Townson J.L., Chambers A.F. Dormancy of solitary metastatic cells. Cell Cycle 2006, 5:1744-1750.
74. Holmgren L., O'Reilly M.S., Folkman J. Dormancy of micrometastases: balanced proliferation and apoptosis in the presence of angiogenesis suppression. Nat Med 1995, 1:149-153.
75. Naumov G.N., Bender E., Zurakowski D., et al. A model of human dormancy: an angiogenic switch from the nonangiogenic phenotype. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006, 98:316-325.
76. Kaplan R.N., Riba R.D., Zacharoulis S., et al. VEGFR1-positive haematopoietic bone marrow progenitors initiate the pre-metastatic niche. Nature 2005, 438:820-827.
77. Allan A.L., Vantyghem S.A., Tuck A.B., Chambers A.F. Tumor dormancy and cancer stem cells: implications for the biology and treatment of breast cancer metastasis. Breast Dis 2006-2007, 26:87-98.
78. Goss P., Allan A.L., Rodenhiser D.I., Foster P.J., Chambers A.F. New clinical and experimental approaches for studying tumor dormancy: does tumor domarcy offer a therapeutic target?. APMIS 2008, 116:552-568.
79. Brazma A., Hingamp P., Quackenbush J., et al. Minimum information about a microarray experiment (MIAME)-toward standards for microarray data. Nat Genet 2001, 29:365-371.
80. Fan C., Oh D.S., Wessels L., et al. Concordance among gene-expression-based predictors for breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2006, 355:560-569.
81. Marchionni L., Wilson R.F., Marinopoulos S.S., et al. Impact of gene expression profiling tests on breast cancer outcomes. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) 2007, 160:1-105.
82. Bueno-de-Mesquita J.M., Linn S.C., Keijzer R., et al. Validation of 70-gene prognosis signature in node-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009, 117:483-495.
83. Desmedt C., Piette F., Loi S., et al. Strong time dependence of the 76-gene prognostic signature for node-negative breast cancer patients in the TRANSBIG multicenter independent validation series. Clin Cancer Res 2007, 13:3207-3214.
84. Cronin M., Sangli C., Liu M.L., et al. Analytical validation of the Oncotype DX genomic diagnostic test for recurrence prognosis and therapeutic response prediction in node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Clin Chem 2007, 53:1084-1091.
85. Cardoso F., Van't Veer L., Rutgers E., Loi S., Mook S., Piccart-Gebhart M.J. Clinical application of the 70-gene profile: the MINDACT trial. J Clin Oncol 2008, 26:729-735.
86. Sparano J.A. TAILORx: trial assigning individualized options for treatment (Rx). Clin Breast Cancer 2006, 7:347-350.