메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 462-496

Perceived organizational barriers to women's career advancement in Lebanon

Author keywords

Career development; Influence; Lebanon; Managers; Organizations; Women

Indexed keywords


EID: 77955879936     PISSN: 17542413     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/17542411011069882     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (79)

References (136)
  • 1
    • 84986042679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes towards women in the Arabian gulf region
    • Abdallah, I.A. (1996), "Attitudes towards women in the Arabian gulf region" in Women in Management Review, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 29-39.
    • (1996) Women in Management Review , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-39
    • Abdallah, I.A.1
  • 2
    • 70049110101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlates of religious affiliation, religiosity and gender role attitudes among Lebanese Christian and Muslim college students
    • Abouchedid, K.E. (2007), "Correlates of religious affiliation, religiosity and gender role attitudes among Lebanese Christian and Muslim college students" in Equal Opportunities International, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 193-208.
    • (2007) Equal Opportunities International , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 193-208
    • Abouchedid, K.E.1
  • 3
    • 27744544459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local knowledge advances women's access to corporate boards
    • Adams, S. and Flynn, P.M. (2005), "Local knowledge advances women's access to corporate boards" in Corporate Governance: An International Review, Vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 836-46.
    • (2005) Corporate Governance: An International Review , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 836-846
    • Adams, S.1    Flynn, P.M.2
  • 4
    • 24644438099 scopus 로고
    • The glass ceiling: Women and mentoring in management and business
    • Adebowale, A. (1994), "The glass ceiling: women and mentoring in management and business" in Employee Counselling Today, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 21-30.
    • (1994) Employee Counselling Today , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-30
    • Adebowale, A.1
  • 7
  • 8
    • 0007110979 scopus 로고
    • Gender bias in the selection and assessment of women in management
    • Davidson, M.J., Burke, R.J. (Eds.), Paul Chapman, London
    • Alimo-Metcalfe, B. (1994), "Gender bias in the selection and assessment of women in management" Davidson, M.J. and Burke, R.J. (Eds.), Women in Management: Current Research Issues, Paul Chapman, London.
    • (1994) Women in Management: Current Research Issues
    • Alimo-Metcalfe, B.1
  • 9
    • 27744579809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paradigm shift: A perspective on Omani women in management in the Sultanate of Oman
    • available at: (accessed January 2008)
    • Al-Lamki, S. (1999), "Paradigm shift: a perspective on Omani women in management in the Sultanate of Oman" in Advancing Women in Leadership, Vol. 2, No. 2, p. 5, available at: www.advancingwomen.com/awl/spring99/Al-Lamki/allamk.html (accessed January 2008).
    • (1999) Advancing Women in Leadership , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 5
    • Al-Lamki, S.1
  • 10
    • 0031394437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theories of occupational segregation by sex: An overview
    • Anker, R. (1997), "Theories of occupational segregation by sex: an overview" in International Labor Review, Vol. 136, No. 3, pp. 315-39.
    • (1997) International Labor Review , vol.136 , Issue.3 , pp. 315-339
    • Anker, R.1
  • 12
    • 77955861266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of Lebanese Banks, Association of Lebanese Banks, Beirut
    • Association of Lebanese Banks (2000), The Stakes and Challenges for Women in Lebanese Banking, Association of Lebanese Banks, Beirut.
    • (2000) The Stakes and Challenges for Women in Lebanese Banking
  • 13
    • 3042771038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Key success factors for women in management in Turkey
    • Aycan, Z. (2004), "Key success factors for women in management in Turkey" in Applied Psychology: An International Review, Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 453-77.
    • (2004) Applied Psychology: An International Review , vol.53 , Issue.3 , pp. 453-477
    • Aycan, Z.1
  • 14
  • 15
    • 12544259051 scopus 로고
    • Strategies for change: Women in management in the United Arab Emirates
    • Vinnicombe, S., Colwill, N.L. (Eds.), Prentice-Hall, London
    • Bank, J. and Vinnicombe, S. (1995), "Strategies for change: women in management in the United Arab Emirates" Vinnicombe, S. and Colwill, N.L. (Eds.), The Essence of Women in Management, Prentice-Hall, London.
    • (1995) The Essence of Women in Management
    • Bank, J.1    Vinnicombe, S.2
  • 16
    • 84925910325 scopus 로고
    • University of Texas Press, Austin, TX
    • Barakat, H. (1977), Lebanon in Strife, University of Texas Press, Austin, TX.
    • (1977) Lebanon in Strife
    • Barakat, H.1
  • 19
    • 77955878931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asian women managers: Participation, barriers, and future perspectives
    • Yukongdi, V., Benson, J. (Eds.), Routledge, London
    • Benson, J. and Yukongdi, V. (2006), "Asian women managers: participation, barriers, and future perspectives" in Yukongdi, V. and Benson, J. (Eds.), Women in Asian Management, Routledge, London, pp. 141-51.
    • (2006) Women in Asian Management , pp. 141-151
    • Benson, J.1    Yukongdi, V.2
  • 21
    • 0036386670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Woman in a male-dominated industry: Factor analysis of a woman workplace culture questionnaire based on a grounded theory model
    • Bergman, B. and Halleberg, L. (2002), "Woman in a male-dominated industry: factor analysis of a woman workplace culture questionnaire based on a grounded theory model" in Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, Vol. 12, pp. 311-36.
    • (2002) Sex Roles: A Journal of Research , vol.12 , pp. 311-336
    • Bergman, B.1    Halleberg, L.2
  • 23
    • 0001885540 scopus 로고
    • Turnover of female managers
    • Davidson, M.J., Burke, R.J. (Eds.), Paul Chapman, London
    • Brett, J.M. and Stroth, L.K. (1994), "Turnover of female managers" Davidson, M.J. and Burke, R.J. (Eds.), Women in Management: Current Research Issues, Paul Chapman, London.
    • (1994) Women in Management: Current Research Issues
    • Brett, J.M.1    Stroth, L.K.2
  • 24
    • 43049105036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and management: New directions in research and continuing patterns in practice
    • Broadbridge, A. and Hearn, J. (2008), "Gender and management: new directions in research and continuing patterns in practice" in British Journal of Management, Vol. 19, pp. 38-49.
    • (2008) British Journal of Management , vol.19 , pp. 38-49
    • Broadbridge, A.1    Hearn, J.2
  • 25
    • 0031063351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and beliefs about workforce discrimination in the United States and Australia
    • Browne, B. (1997), "Gender and beliefs about workforce discrimination in the United States and Australia" in The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 137, pp. 107-16.
    • (1997) The Journal of Social Psychology , vol.137 , pp. 107-116
    • Browne, B.1
  • 27
    • 0012173744 scopus 로고
    • Career development among managerial and professional women
    • Davidson, M.J., Burke, R.J. (Eds.), Paul Chapman, London
    • Burke, R.J. and McKeen, C.A. (1994), "Career development among managerial and professional women" Davidson, M.J. and Burke, R.J. (Eds.), Women in Management: Current Research Issues, Paul Chapman, London.
    • (1994) Women in Management: Current Research Issues
    • Burke, R.J.1    McKeen, C.A.2
  • 28
    • 84986105983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Not every managerial woman who makes it has a mentor
    • Burke, R.J. and McKeen, C.A. (1997), "Not every managerial woman who makes it has a mentor" in Women in Management Review, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 136-40.
    • (1997) Women in Management Review , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 136-140
    • Burke, R.J.1    McKeen, C.A.2
  • 29
    • 77955855489 scopus 로고
    • Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC
    • Callelo, T. (1989), Lebanon: A Country Study, Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
    • (1989) Lebanon: A Country Study
    • Callelo, T.1
  • 31
    • 0007032599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cleveland, J.N., Stockdale, M., Murphy, K.R. (Eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, London
    • Cleveland, J.N., Stockdale, M. and Murphy, K.R. (Eds.) (2000), Women and Men in Organizations: Sex and Gender Issues at Work, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, London.
    • (2000) Women and Men in Organizations: Sex and Gender Issues at Work
  • 32
    • 36349002832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working for the woman? Female managers and the gender wage gap
    • Cohen, P.N. and Huffman, M.L. (2007), "Working for the woman? Female managers and the gender wage gap" in American Sociological Review, Vol. 72, No. 5, pp. 681-704.
    • (2007) American Sociological Review , vol.72 , Issue.5 , pp. 681-704
    • Cohen, P.N.1    Huffman, M.L.2
  • 33
    • 84986078203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes toward women as managers: Sex versus culture
    • Cordano, M., Scherer, R. and Owen, C. (2002), "Attitudes toward women as managers: sex versus culture" in Women in Management Review, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 51-60.
    • (2002) Women in Management Review , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 51-60
    • Cordano, M.1    Scherer, R.2    Owen, C.3
  • 34
    • 43049098568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The careers of senior men and women - a capabilities theory perspective
    • Cornelius, N. and Skinner, D. (2008), "The careers of senior men and women - a capabilities theory perspective" in British Journal of Management, Vol. 19, pp. 141-9.
    • (2008) British Journal of Management , vol.19 , pp. 141-149
    • Cornelius, N.1    Skinner, D.2
  • 35
    • 20344399864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of and about women as managers: Investigating job involvement, self-esteem and attitudes
    • Cortis, R. and Cassar, V. (2005), "Perceptions of and about women as managers: investigating job involvement, self-esteem and attitudes" in Women in Management Review, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 149-64.
    • (2005) Women in Management Review , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 149-164
    • Cortis, R.1    Cassar, V.2
  • 37
    • 0003013898 scopus 로고
    • Taming wasta to achieve development
    • Cunningham, R.B. and Sarayrah, Y.K. (1994), "Taming wasta to achieve development" in Arab Studies Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 29-42.
    • (1994) Arab Studies Quarterly , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 29-42
    • Cunningham, R.B.1    Sarayrah, Y.K.2
  • 41
    • 0001298471 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of mentoring among men and women in managerial, professional, and technical positions
    • Dreher, G.F. and Ash, R.A. (1990), "A comparative study of mentoring among men and women in managerial, professional, and technical positions" in Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 75, pp. 539-46.
    • (1990) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.75 , pp. 539-546
    • Dreher, G.F.1    Ash, R.A.2
  • 42
    • 33750908246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Men, women, and managers: Are stereotypes finally changing?
    • Duehr, E.E. and Buono, J.E. (2006), "Men, women, and managers: are stereotypes finally changing?" in Personnel Psychology, Vol. 59, pp. 815-49.
    • (2006) Personnel Psychology , vol.59 , pp. 815-849
    • Duehr, E.E.1    Buono, J.E.2
  • 43
    • 34548623912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women and the labyrinth of leadership
    • Eagly, A.H. and Carli, A.L. (2007), "Women and the labyrinth of leadership" in Harvard Business Review, Vol. 85, No. 9, pp. 63-71.
    • (2007) Harvard Business Review , vol.85 , Issue.9 , pp. 63-71
    • Eagly, A.H.1    Carli, A.L.2
  • 44
    • 85047674303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role congruity theory of prejudices toward female leaders
    • Eagly, A.H. and Karau, S.J. (2002), "Role congruity theory of prejudices toward female leaders" in Psychological Review, Vol. 109, pp. 573-98.
    • (2002) Psychological Review , vol.109 , pp. 573-598
    • Eagly, A.H.1    Karau, S.J.2
  • 45
    • 29544446687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daunting hurdles slow career progress of Lebanese women
    • available at:
    • Eid, F. (2002), "Daunting hurdles slow career progress of Lebanese women", Khaleej Times, available at: www.khaleejtimes.co.ae/ktarchive/100502/editor.html.
    • (2002) Khaleej Times
    • Eid, F.1
  • 46
    • 19644372711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analytical study of women's participation in economic activities in Arab societies
    • El-Ghannam, A. (2002), "Analytical study of women's participation in economic activities in Arab societies" in Equal Opportunities International, Vol. 21, pp. 1-18.
    • (2002) Equal Opportunities International , vol.21 , pp. 1-18
    • El-Ghannam, A.1
  • 47
    • 84986678855 scopus 로고
    • The mentor advantage: Perceived career/job experiences of protégés versus non-protégés
    • Fagenson, E.A. (1989), "The mentor advantage: perceived career/job experiences of protégés versus non-protégés" in Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 10, pp. 309-20.
    • (1989) Journal of Organizational Behavior , vol.10 , pp. 309-320
    • Fagenson, E.A.1
  • 48
    • 0005967272 scopus 로고
    • Diversity in management: Introduction and the importance of women in management
    • Fagenson, E.A. (Ed.), Sage, London
    • Fagenson, E.A. (1994), "Diversity in management: introduction and the importance of women in management" Fagenson, E.A. (Ed.), Women in Management: Trends, Issues, and Challenges in Managerial, Sage, London.
    • (1994) Women in Management: Trends, Issues, and Challenges in Managerial
    • Fagenson, E.A.1
  • 49
    • 84993104464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational pressure in banking: Gender differences
    • Granleese, J. (2004), "Occupational pressure in banking: gender differences" in Women in Management Review, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 219-25.
    • (2004) Women in Management Review , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 219-225
    • Granleese, J.1
  • 50
    • 33748170892 scopus 로고
    • A Washington perspective on women and networking: The power and the pitfalls
    • Green, M. (1982), "A Washington perspective on women and networking: the power and the pitfalls" in Journal of NAWDAC, Vol. 46, pp. 17-21.
    • (1982) Journal of NAWDAC , vol.46 , pp. 17-21
    • Green, M.1
  • 51
    • 0002741164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research on work, family, and gender: Current status and future directions
    • Powell, G.N. (Ed.), Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA
    • Greenhaus, J.H. and Parasuraman, S. (1999), "Research on work, family, and gender: current status and future directions" in Powell, G.N. (Ed.), Handbook of Gender and Work, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 391-412.
    • (1999) Handbook of Gender and Work , pp. 391-412
    • Greenhaus, J.H.1    Parasuraman, S.2
  • 52
    • 29544443411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human Development Report (HDR), (in: Jamali, D., Sidani, Y. and Safieddine, A. (2005), "Constraints facing working women in Lebanon: an insider view", Women in Management Review, Vol. 20 No. 8, pp. 581-94)
    • Human Development Report (HDR) (2004), "Cultural liberty in today's diverse world", (in: Jamali, D., Sidani, Y. and Safieddine, A. (2005), "Constraints facing working women in Lebanon: an insider view", Women in Management Review, Vol. 20 No. 8, pp. 581-94).
    • (2004) Cultural liberty in today's diverse world
  • 56
    • 84986121870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women middle managers' perception of the glass ceiling
    • Jackson, J.C. (2001), "Women middle managers' perception of the glass ceiling" in Women in Management Review, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 30-41.
    • (2001) Women in Management Review , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 30-41
    • Jackson, J.C.1
  • 57
    • 33750627296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glass ceiling: Some positive trends from the Lebanese banking sector
    • Jamali, D., Safieddine, A. and Daouk, M. (2006), "The glass ceiling: some positive trends from the Lebanese banking sector" in Women in Management Review, Vol. 21, No. 8, pp. 625-42.
    • (2006) Women in Management Review , vol.21 , Issue.8 , pp. 625-642
    • Jamali, D.1    Safieddine, A.2    Daouk, M.3
  • 58
    • 36148976035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corporate governance and women: An empirical study of top and middle women managers in the Lebanese sector
    • Jamali, D., Safeddine, A. and Daouk, M. (2007), "Corporate governance and women: an empirical study of top and middle women managers in the Lebanese sector" in Corporate Governance, Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 574-85.
    • (2007) Corporate Governance , vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp. 574-585
    • Jamali, D.1    Safeddine, A.2    Daouk, M.3
  • 59
    • 29544443411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraints facing working women in Lebanon: An insider view
    • Jamali, D., Sidani, Y. and Safieddine, A. (2005), "Constraints facing working women in Lebanon: an insider view" in Women in Management Review, Vol. 20, No. 8, pp. 581-94.
    • (2005) Women in Management Review , vol.20 , Issue.8 , pp. 581-594
    • Jamali, D.1    Sidani, Y.2    Safieddine, A.3
  • 61
    • 84986140571 scopus 로고
    • An empirical investigation of the predictors of executive career success
    • Judge, T.A., Cable, D.M., Boudreau, J.W. and Bretz, R.D. (1994), "An empirical investigation of the predictors of executive career success" in Personnel Psychology, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 485-519.
    • (1994) Personnel Psychology , vol.48 , Issue.3 , pp. 485-519
    • Judge, T.A.1    Cable, D.M.2    Boudreau, J.W.3    Bretz, R.D.4
  • 63
    • 0001886993 scopus 로고
    • Trade routes: The manager's network of relationships
    • Kaplan, R.E. (1984), "Trade routes: the manager's network of relationships" in Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 37-52.
    • (1984) Organizational Dynamics , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 37-52
    • Kaplan, R.E.1
  • 65
    • 5444226001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (in: Omar, A. and Davidson, M.J. (2001), "Women in management: a comparative cross-cultural overview", Cross Cultural Management, Vol. 8 Nos 3/4, pp. 35-67)
    • Kausar, Z. (1995), "Women in feminism and politics: new directions towards Islamization", (in: Omar, A. and Davidson, M.J. (2001), "Women in management: a comparative cross-cultural overview", Cross Cultural Management, Vol. 8 Nos 3/4, pp. 35-67).
    • (1995) Women in feminism and politics: New directions towards Islamization
    • Kausar, Z.1
  • 66
    • 0039965333 scopus 로고
    • Beyond the quick fix
    • Kilmann, R.H. (1984), "Beyond the quick fix" in Management Review, Vol. 73, pp. 24-8.
    • (1984) Management Review , vol.73 , pp. 24-28
    • Kilmann, R.H.1
  • 67
    • 0141447536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in managerial careers: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow
    • Kirchmeyer, C. (2002), "Gender differences in managerial careers: yesterday, today, and tomorrow" in Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 37, pp. 5-24.
    • (2002) Journal of Business Ethics , vol.37 , pp. 5-24
    • Kirchmeyer, C.1
  • 69
    • 18844405754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the processes that facilitate and hinder efforts to advance women in organizations
    • Kottke, J.L. and Agars, M.D. (2005), "Understanding the processes that facilitate and hinder efforts to advance women in organizations" in Career Development International, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 190-202.
    • (2005) Career Development International , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 190-202
    • Kottke, J.L.1    Agars, M.D.2
  • 70
    • 0003586476 scopus 로고
    • Scott-Foresman, Glenview, IL
    • Kram, K.E. (1985), Mentoring at Work, Scott-Foresman, Glenview, IL.
    • (1985) Mentoring at Work
    • Kram, K.E.1
  • 71
    • 0000564512 scopus 로고
    • Mentoring alternatives: The role of peer relationships in career development
    • Kram, K.E. and Isabella, L.A. (1985), "Mentoring alternatives: the role of peer relationships in career development" in Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 110-32.
    • (1985) Academy of Management Journal , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 110-132
    • Kram, K.E.1    Isabella, L.A.2
  • 72
    • 29544443411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (in: Jamali, D., Sidani, Y. and Safieddine, A. (2005), "Constraints facing working women in Lebanon: an insider view", Women in Management Review, Vol. 20 No. 8, pp. 581-94)
    • Labaki, H.N. (1997), "Perceived acceptance of women business leaders in Lebanon", (in: Jamali, D., Sidani, Y. and Safieddine, A. (2005), "Constraints facing working women in Lebanon: an insider view", Women in Management Review, Vol. 20 No. 8, pp. 581-94).
    • (1997) Perceived acceptance of women business leaders in Lebanon
    • Labaki, H.N.1
  • 73
    • 0039810273 scopus 로고
    • Women and power in organizations
    • Lahtinen, H. and Wilson, F. (1994), "Women and power in organizations" in Executive Development, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 16-23.
    • (1994) Executive Development , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 16-23
    • Lahtinen, H.1    Wilson, F.2
  • 75
    • 84986166647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women entrepreneurs in Oman: Some barriers to success
    • McElwee, G. and Al-Riyami, R. (2003), "Women entrepreneurs in Oman: some barriers to success" in Career Development International, Vol. 8, No. 7, pp. 339-46.
    • (2003) Career Development International , vol.8 , Issue.7 , pp. 339-346
    • McElwee, G.1    Al-Riyami, R.2
  • 76
    • 3042741727 scopus 로고
    • Women managers in Malaysia: Their mobility and challenges
    • Adler, N.J., Izraeli, D.N. (Eds.), Blackwell Business, Oxford
    • Mansor, N. (1994), "Women managers in Malaysia: their mobility and challenges" Adler, N.J. and Izraeli, D.N. (Eds.), Competitive Frontiers: Women Managers in a Global Economy, Blackwell Business, Oxford.
    • (1994) Competitive Frontiers: Women Managers in a Global Economy
    • Mansor, N.1
  • 78
    • 33645303999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring cultural dimensions of gender and management in the Middle East
    • Metcalfe, B.D. (2006), "Exploring cultural dimensions of gender and management in the Middle East" in Thunderbird International Business Review, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 93-107.
    • (2006) Thunderbird International Business Review , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 93-107
    • Metcalfe, B.D.1
  • 79
    • 33847228019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and human resource management in the Middle East
    • Metcalfe, B.D. (2007), "Gender and human resource management in the Middle East" in International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 54-74.
    • (2007) International Journal of Human Resource Management , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 54-74
    • Metcalfe, B.D.1
  • 80
    • 54349085651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women, management, and globalization in the Middle East
    • Metcalfe, B.D. (2008), "Women, management, and globalization in the Middle East" in Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 83, pp. 85-100.
    • (2008) Journal of Business Ethics , vol.83 , pp. 85-100
    • Metcalfe, B.D.1
  • 81
    • 0141862692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Education, job satisfaction, and gender in Kuwait
    • Metle, M. (2001), "Education, job satisfaction, and gender in Kuwait" in International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 311-32.
    • (2001) International Journal of Human Resource Management , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 311-332
    • Metle, M.1
  • 82
    • 84973821481 scopus 로고
    • Managerial level and sub-unit function as the determinants of network behavior in organizations
    • Michael, J. and Yukl, G. (1993), "Managerial level and sub-unit function as the determinants of network behavior in organizations" in Group & Organization Management, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 328-51.
    • (1993) Group & Organization Management , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 328-351
    • Michael, J.1    Yukl, G.2
  • 83
    • 19444386620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patriarchy in transition: Women and the changing family in the Middle East
    • Moghadam, V. (2004), "Patriarchy in transition: women and the changing family in the Middle East" in Journal of Comparative Family Studies, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 137-52.
    • (2004) Journal of Comparative Family Studies , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-152
    • Moghadam, V.1
  • 84
    • 0001669237 scopus 로고
    • Women and minorities in management
    • Morrison, A.M. and von Glinow, M.A. (1990), "Women and minorities in management" in American Psychologist, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 200-8.
    • (1990) American Psychologist , vol.45 , Issue.2 , pp. 200-208
    • Morrison, A.M.1    von Glinow, M.A.2
  • 87
    • 84986156570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes towards women who work in Egypt
    • Mostafa, M. (2003), "Attitudes towards women who work in Egypt" in Women in Management Review, Vol. 18, Nos 5/6, pp. 252-66.
    • (2003) Women in Management Review , vol.18 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 252-266
    • Mostafa, M.1
  • 88
    • 84986037614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gently shattering the glass ceiling: Experiences of Indian women managers
    • Nath, D. (2000), "Gently shattering the glass ceiling: experiences of Indian women managers" in Women in Management Review, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 44-54.
    • (2000) Women in Management Review , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 44-54
    • Nath, D.1
  • 89
    • 27744557033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • My father knows the minister: A comparative study of Arab women's attitudes towards leadership authority
    • Neal, M., Finlay, J. and Tansey, R. (2005), "My father knows the minister: a comparative study of Arab women's attitudes towards leadership authority" in Women in Management Review, Vol. 20, No. 7, pp. 478-97.
    • (2005) Women in Management Review , vol.20 , Issue.7 , pp. 478-497
    • Neal, M.1    Finlay, J.2    Tansey, R.3
  • 91
    • 77955882942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women managers in Hong Kong: Personal and political agendas
    • Yukongdi, V., Benson, J. (Eds.), Routledge, Taylor and Francis, New York, NY
    • Ng, C. and Chakrabarty, A.S. (2006), "Women managers in Hong Kong: personal and political agendas" in Yukongdi, V. and Benson, J. (Eds.), Women in Asian Management, Routledge, Taylor and Francis, New York, NY, pp. 25-41.
    • (2006) Women in Asian Management , pp. 25-41
    • Ng, C.1    Chakrabarty, A.S.2
  • 93
    • 0034287712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender-based barriers to senior management positions: Understanding the scarcity of female CEOs
    • Oakley, J.G. (2000), "Gender-based barriers to senior management positions: understanding the scarcity of female CEOs" in Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 27, pp. 321-34.
    • (2000) Journal of Business Ethics , vol.27 , pp. 321-334
    • Oakley, J.G.1
  • 94
    • 31744449293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guest editorial: Clearing the way for gender balance in management of the UK financial services industry: Enablers and barriers
    • (special issue: careers in cross-cultural perspective)
    • Ogden, S.M., McTavish, D. and McKean, L. (2006), "Guest editorial: clearing the way for gender balance in management of the UK financial services industry: enablers and barriers" in Women in Management Review, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 40-53, (special issue: careers in cross-cultural perspective).
    • (2006) Women in Management Review , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 40-53
    • Ogden, S.M.1    McTavish, D.2    McKean, L.3
  • 95
    • 34547211214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived mentoring functions: Does mentor's gender matter?
    • Okurame, D.E. (2007), "Perceived mentoring functions: does mentor's gender matter?" in Women in Management Review, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 418-27.
    • (2007) Women in Management Review , vol.22 , Issue.5 , pp. 418-427
    • Okurame, D.E.1
  • 96
    • 5444226001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women in management: A comparative cross-cultural overview
    • Omar, A. and Davidson, M.J. (2001), "Women in management: a comparative cross-cultural overview" in Cross Cultural Management, Vol. 8, Nos 3/4, pp. 35-67.
    • (2001) Cross Cultural Management , vol.8 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 35-67
    • Omar, A.1    Davidson, M.J.2
  • 97
    • 77951984657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Typology of career development for Arab women managers in the United Arab Emirates
    • Omair, K. (2007), "Typology of career development for Arab women managers in the United Arab Emirates" in Career Development International, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 121-43.
    • (2007) Career Development International , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 121-143
    • Omair, K.1
  • 99
    • 18844459694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women's career development phases: Idealism, endurance, and reinvention
    • O'Neil, D.A. and Bilimoria, D. (2005), "Women's career development phases: idealism, endurance, and reinvention" in Career Development International, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 168-89.
    • (2005) Career Development International , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 168-189
    • O'Neil, D.A.1    Bilimoria, D.2
  • 101
    • 0008184178 scopus 로고
    • An introductory overview of women in corporate management
    • Davidson, M.J., Burke, R.J. (Eds.), Paul Chapman, London
    • Parker, B. and Fagenson, E.A. (1994), "An introductory overview of women in corporate management" Davidson, M.J. and Burke, R.J. (Eds.), Women in Management: Current Research Issues, Paul Chapman, London.
    • (1994) Women in Management: Current Research Issues
    • Parker, B.1    Fagenson, E.A.2
  • 103
    • 0004009274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Powell, G.N. (Ed.), Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA
    • Powell, G.N. (Ed.) (1999), Handbook of Gender and Work, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
    • (1999) Handbook of Gender and Work
  • 104
    • 20344373285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glass ceiling: Explaining the good and bad news
    • Davidson, M., Borke, R. (Eds.), Sage, London
    • Powell, G.N. (2000), "The glass ceiling: explaining the good and bad news" Davidson, M. and Borke, R. (Eds.), Women in Management: Current Research Issues, Sage, London.
    • (2000) Women in Management: Current Research Issues
    • Powell, G.N.1
  • 106
    • 0036238882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and managerial serotypes: Have the times changed?
    • Powell, G.N., Butterfield, D.A. and Parents, J.D. (2002), "Gender and managerial serotypes: have the times changed?" in Journal of Management, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 177-93.
    • (2002) Journal of Management , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 177-193
    • Powell, G.N.1    Butterfield, D.A.2    Parents, J.D.3
  • 107
    • 84964121085 scopus 로고
    • Barriers to mentoring: The female manager's dilemma
    • Ragins, B.R. (1989), "Barriers to mentoring: the female manager's dilemma" in Human Relations, Vol. 42, pp. 1-22.
    • (1989) Human Relations , vol.42 , pp. 1-22
    • Ragins, B.R.1
  • 108
    • 0013181874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and mentoring relationships
    • Powell, G.N. (Ed.), Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA
    • Ragins, B.R. (1999), "Gender and mentoring relationships" in Powell, G.N. (Ed.), Handbook of Gender in Organizations, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 347-70.
    • (1999) Handbook of Gender in Organizations , pp. 347-370
    • Ragins, B.R.1
  • 109
    • 0001761302 scopus 로고
    • Easier said than done: Gender differences in perceived barriers to gaining a mentor
    • Ragins, B.R. and Cotton, J. (1991), "Easier said than done: gender differences in perceived barriers to gaining a mentor" in Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 34, pp. 939-51.
    • (1991) Academy of Management Journal , vol.34 , pp. 939-951
    • Ragins, B.R.1    Cotton, J.2
  • 110
    • 0002654795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender gap in the executive suite: CEOs and female executives report on breaking the glass ceiling
    • Ragins, B.R., Townsend, B. and Mattis, M. (1998), "Gender gap in the executive suite: CEOs and female executives report on breaking the glass ceiling" in Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 28-42.
    • (1998) Academy of Management Executive , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 28-42
    • Ragins, B.R.1    Townsend, B.2    Mattis, M.3
  • 111
    • 0040532306 scopus 로고
    • Women in management: An exploration of competing paradigms
    • Riger, S. and Galligan, P. (1980), "Women in management: an exploration of competing paradigms" in American Psychologist, Vol. 35, No. 10, pp. 902-10.
    • (1980) American Psychologist , vol.35 , Issue.10 , pp. 902-910
    • Riger, S.1    Galligan, P.2
  • 112
    • 27744597962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women in the United Arab Emirates
    • Salloum, H. (2003), "Women in the United Arab Emirates" in Contemporary Review, Vol. 283, pp. 101-4.
    • (2003) Contemporary Review , vol.283 , pp. 101-104
    • Salloum, H.1
  • 113
    • 0035209995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global look at psychological barriers to women's progress in management
    • Schein, V.E. (2001), "A global look at psychological barriers to women's progress in management" in Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 675-88.
    • (2001) Journal of Social Issues , vol.57 , Issue.4 , pp. 675-688
    • Schein, V.E.1
  • 114
    • 33846408643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women in management: Reflections and projections
    • Schein, V.E. (2007), "Women in management: reflections and projections" in Women in Management Review, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 6-18.
    • (2007) Women in Management Review , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 6-18
    • Schein, V.E.1
  • 115
    • 29544443411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management in Lebanon
    • (in: Jamali, D., Sidani, Y. and Safieddine, A. (2005), "Constraints facing working women in Lebanon: an insider view")
    • Sidani, Y. (2002), "Management in Lebanon", (in: Jamali, D., Sidani, Y. and Safieddine, A. (2005), "Constraints facing working women in Lebanon: an insider view", Women in Management Review, Vol. 20 No. 8, pp. 581-94).
    • (2002) Women in Management Review , vol.20 , Issue.8 , pp. 581-594
    • Sidani, Y.1
  • 116
    • 27744579210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women, work, and Islam in Arab societies
    • Sidani, Y. (2005), "Women, work, and Islam in Arab societies" in Women in Management Review, Vol. 20, No. 7, pp. 498-512.
    • (2005) Women in Management Review , vol.20 , Issue.7 , pp. 498-512
    • Sidani, Y.1
  • 117
    • 84986037965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Career progress and career barriers: Women MBA graduates in Canada and the UK
    • Simpson, R., Sturges, J., Woods, A. and Altman, Y. (2004), "Career progress and career barriers: women MBA graduates in Canada and the UK" in Career Development International, Vol. 9, Nos 4/5, pp. 459-77.
    • (2004) Career Development International , vol.9 , Issue.4-5 , pp. 459-477
    • Simpson, R.1    Sturges, J.2    Woods, A.3    Altman, Y.4
  • 118
    • 77955911343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Female FTSE Report, Center for Developing Women Business Leaders, Cranfield School of Management, Bedford
    • Singh, V. and Vinnecombe, S. (2003), Center for Developing Women Business Leaders, Cranfield School of Management, Bedford, The Female FTSE Report.
    • (2003)
    • Singh, V.1    Vinnecombe, S.2
  • 119
    • 33748175577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women in formal corporate networks: An organizational citizenship perspective
    • Singh, V., Vinnicombe, S. and Kumra, S. (2006), "Women in formal corporate networks: an organizational citizenship perspective" in Women in Management Review, Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 458-82.
    • (2006) Women in Management Review , vol.21 , Issue.6 , pp. 458-482
    • Singh, V.1    Vinnicombe, S.2    Kumra, S.3
  • 120
    • 84986668961 scopus 로고
    • Development of the work locus of control scale
    • Spector, P. (1988), "Development of the work locus of control scale" in Journal of Occupational Psychology, Vol. 61, pp. 335-40.
    • (1988) Journal of Occupational Psychology , vol.61 , pp. 335-340
    • Spector, P.1
  • 122
    • 54049120615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barriers to networking for women in a UK professional service
    • Tonge, J. (2008), "Barriers to networking for women in a UK professional service" in Gender in Management: An International Journal, Vol. 23, No. 7, pp. 484-505.
    • (2008) Gender in Management: An International Journal , vol.23 , Issue.7 , pp. 484-505
    • Tonge, J.1
  • 123
    • 77955895912 scopus 로고
    • United Nations, The United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women
    • United Nations (1995), The United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women.
    • (1995)
  • 124
    • 77955857128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations, The Millennium Development Goals Report, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, DESA, New York, NY
    • United Nations (2007), United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, DESA, New York, NY, The Millennium Development Goals Report.
    • (2007)
  • 126
    • 20244376208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mentoring women entrepreneurs - a better approach
    • Warren, L. and Headlam-Wells, J. (2002), "Mentoring women entrepreneurs - a better approach" in Organisations and People, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 11-17.
    • (2002) Organisations and People , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 11-17
    • Warren, L.1    Headlam-Wells, J.2
  • 127
    • 84909075434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human resource development in the Arab Middle East: A fourth paradigm
    • Lee, M. (Ed.), Routledge, London
    • Weir, D.T. (2003), "Human resource development in the Arab Middle East: a fourth paradigm" in Lee, M. (Ed.), HRD in a Complex World, Routledge, London, pp. 69-82.
    • (2003) HRD in a Complex World , pp. 69-82
    • Weir, D.T.1
  • 128
    • 84980232627 scopus 로고
    • Culture and competitiveness: Evidence from two mature UK industries
    • Whipp, R., Rosenfeld, R. and Pettigrew, A. (1989), "Culture and competitiveness: evidence from two mature UK industries" in Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 561-85.
    • (1989) Journal of Management Studies , vol.26 , Issue.6 , pp. 561-585
    • Whipp, R.1    Rosenfeld, R.2    Pettigrew, A.3
  • 129
    • 33645277084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of gender and generational differences in work values and attitudes in Arab culture
    • Whiteoak, J.W., Crawford, N.G. and Mapstone, R.H. (2006), "Impact of gender and generational differences in work values and attitudes in Arab culture" in Thunderbird International Business Review, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 77-91.
    • (2006) Thunderbird International Business Review , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-91
    • Whiteoak, J.W.1    Crawford, N.G.2    Mapstone, R.H.3
  • 132
    • 70350400768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender stereotypical attitudes: Past, present, future influences on women's career advancement
    • Wood, G. (2008), "Gender stereotypical attitudes: past, present, future influences on women's career advancement" in Equal Opportunities International, Vol. 27, No. 7, pp. 613-28.
    • (2008) Equal Opportunities International , vol.27 , Issue.7 , pp. 613-628
    • Wood, G.1
  • 134
    • 33750606015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (The) World Bank, June, World Bank Middle East and North Africa Socio-Economic Development Group, Washington, DC
    • (The) World Bank (2005), The Status and Progress of Women in the Middle East and North Africa, World Bank Middle East and North Africa Socio-Economic Development Group, Washington, DC, June.
    • (2005) The Status and Progress of Women in the Middle East and North Africa
  • 136
    • 33845945922 scopus 로고
    • Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests
    • Cronbach, L. (1951), "Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests" in Psychometrika, Vol. 16, No. 9, pp. 297-334.
    • (1951) Psychometrika , vol.16 , Issue.9 , pp. 297-334
    • Cronbach, L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.