Work and family research in the first decade of the 21st century

Journal of Marriage and Family

Volumn 72, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 705-725

  Bianchi, Suzanne M ^a   Milkie, Melissa A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

Family conflict; Gender; Paid work; Time use; Unpaid family work; Work family balance

Indexed keywords

EID: 77955540432     PISSN: 00222445     EISSN: 17413737     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00726.x     Document Type: Review

References (167)

1. Ahituv A, Lerman R I. How do marital status, work effort, and wage rates interact? Demography 2007, 44:623-647.
2. Allen S M, Hawkins A J. Maternal gatekeeping: Mothers' beliefs and behaviors that inhibit greater father involvement in family work. Journal of Marriage and the Family 1999, 61:199-212.
3. Allen T D, Herst D E L, Bruck C S, Sutton M. Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 2000, 5:278-308.
4. Allen T D, Shockley K M, Poteat L F. Workplace factors associated with family dinner behaviors. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2008, 73:336-342.
5. Bakker A B, Geurts S A E. Toward a dual-process model of work-home interference. Work and Occupations 2004, 31:345-366.
6. Barnett R C, Gareis K C. Reduced-hours employment: The relationship between difficulty of trade-offs and quality of life. Work and Occupations 2000, 27:168-187.
7. Barnett R C, Gareis K C. Parental after-school stress and psychological well-being. Journal of Marriage and Family 2006, 68:101-108.
8. Barnett R C, Gareis K C. Shift work, parenting behaviors, and children's socioemotional well-being: A within-family study. Journal of Family Issues 2007, 28:727-748.
9. Barnett R C, Gareis K C, Brennan R T. Wives' shift work schedules and husbands' and wives' well-being in dual-earner couples with children: A within-couple analysis. Journal of Family Issues 2008, 29:396-422.
10. Baum C L. A dynamic analysis of the effect of child care costs on the work decisions of low-income mothers with infants. Demography 2002, 39:139-164.
11. Becker P E, Moen P. Scaling back: Dual-earner couples' work-family strategies. Journal of Marriage and the Family 1999, 61:995-1007.
12. Behson S J. The relative contribution of formal and informal organizational work-family support. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2005, 66:487-500.
13. Belkin L. The opt-out revolution. New York Times Magazine 2003, 26:42-86.
14. Bellavia G M, Frone M R. Work-family conflict. Handbook of work stress 2005, 113-148. Barling J, Kelloway E KFrone M R., Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage
15. Belsky J, Burchinal M, McCartney K, Vandell D L, Clarke-Stewart K A, Owen M T. Are there long-term effects of early child care? Child Development 2007, 78:681-701.
16. Berke D L. Coming home again: The challenges and rewards of home-based self-employment. Journal of Family Issues 2003, 24:513-546.
17. Bianchi S M. Maternal employment and time with children: Dramatic change or surprising continuity? Demography 2000, 37:401-414.
18. Bianchi S M, Milkie M A, Sayer L C, Robinson J P. Is anyone doing the housework? U.S. trends and gender differentials in domestic labor. Social Forces 2000, 79:191-228.
19. Bianchi S M, Raley S B. Time allocation in families. Work, family, health, and well-being 2005, 21-42. Bianchi S M, Casper L MKing R B., Philadelphia, Erlbaum
20. Bianchi S M, Robinson J P, Milkie M A. Changing rhythms of American family life 2006, New York, Russell Sage Foundation
21. Bittman M. Now its 2000: Trends in doing and being in the new millennium. Journal of Occupational Science 2000, 7:108-117.
22. Bittman M, England P, Sayer L C, Folbre N, Matheson G. When does gender trump money? Bargaining and time in household work. American Journal of Sociology 2003, 109:186-214.
23. Bittman M, Wajcman J. The rush hour: The character of leisure time and gender equity. Social Forces 2000, 79:165-189.
24. Blair-Loy M. Cultural constructions of family schemas: The case of women finance executives. Gender and Society 2001, 15:687-709.
25. Blair-Loy M. Competing devotions: Career and family among women executives 2003, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press
26. Brooks-Gunn J, Han W J, Waldfogel J. Maternal employment and child cognitive outcomes in the first three years of life: The NICHD study of early child care. Child Development 2002, 73:1052-1072.
27. Budig M J, England P. The wage penalty for motherhood. American Sociological Review 2001, 66:204-225.
28. Bulanda R E. Paternal involvement with children: The influence of gender ideologies. Journal of Marriage and Family 2004, 66:40-45.
29. Byron K. A meta-analytic review of work-family conflict and its antecedents. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2005, 67:169-198.
30. Carr D. The psychological consequences of work-family trade-offs for three cohorts of men and women. Social Psychology Quarterly 2002, 65:103-124.
31. Carr D, Springer K W. Advances in families and health research in the 21st century. Journal of Marriage and Family 2010, 72:743-761.
32. Casper L M, Smith K E. Dispelling the myths: Self-care, class, and race. Journal of Family Issues 2002, 23:716-727.
33. Cassidy G L, Davies L. Explaining gender differences in mastery among married parents. Social Psychology Quarterly 2003, 66:48-61.
34. Chase-Lansdale P L, Moffitt R, Lohman B, Cherlin A, Coley R, Pittman L. Mothers' transition from welfare to work and the well-being of preschoolers and adolescents. Science 2003, 299:1548-1552.
35. Christensen K. Leadership in action: A work and family agenda for the future. The work and family handbook: Multi-disciplinary perspectives and approaches 2006, 705-725. Pitt-Catsouphes MKossek E ESweet S., Mahwah, NJ, Erlbaum
36. Christiansen S L, Palkovitz R. Why the " good provider" role still matters: Providing as a form of paternal involvement. Journal of Family Issues 2001, 22:84-106.
37. Ciabattari T. Single mothers, social capital, and work-family conflict. Journal of Family Issues 2007, 28:34-60.
38. Clark S C. Employees' sense of community, sense of control, and work/family conflict in Native American organizations. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2002, 61:92-108.
39. Coley R L, Morris J E. Comparing father and mother reports of father involvement among low-income minority families. Journal of Marriage and Family 2002, 64:982-997.
40. Conger R D, Elder G H. Families in troubled times 1994, New York, DeGruyter
41. Conger R D, Wallace L E, Sun Y, Simons R L, McLoyd V C, Brody G H. Economic pressure in African American families: A replication and extension of the family stress model. Developmental Psychology 2002, 38:179-193.
42. Cooke L P, Baxter J. " Families" in international context: Comparing institutional effects across western societies. Journal of Marriage and Family 2010, 72:516-536.
43. Correll S J, Benard S, Paik I. Getting a job: Is there a motherhood penalty? American Journal of Sociology 2007, 112:1297-1338.
44. Craig L. Does father care mean fathers share? A comparison of how mothers and fathers in intact families spend time with children. Gender & Society 2006, 20:259-281.
45. Crouter A C, Bumpus M F, Head M R, McHale S M. Implications of overwork and overload for the quality of men's family relationships. Journal of Marriage and Family 2001, 63:404-416.
46. Crouter A C, Head M R, McHale S M, Tucker C J. Family time and the psychosocial adjustment of adolescent siblings and their parents. Journal of Marriage and Family 2004, 66:147-162.
47. Daly K J. Deconstructing family time from ideology to lived experience. Journal of Marriage and Family 2001, 63:283-294.
48. Davis K D, Goodman W B, Pirretti A E, Almeida D M. Nonstandard work schedules, perceived family well-being, and daily stressors. Journal of Marriage and Family 2008, 70:991-1003.
49. Demerouti E, Bakker A B, Bulters A J. The loss spiral of work pressure, work-home interference and exhaustion: Reciprocal relations in a three-wave study. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2004, 64:131-149.
50. Dentinger E, Clarkberg M. Informal caregiving and retirement timing among men and women: Gender and caregiving relationships in late midlife. Journal of Family Issues 2002, 2:857-879.
51. Drago R, Kashian R. Mapping the terrain of work/family journals. Journal of Family Issues 2003, 24:488-512.
52. Duxbury L, Higgins C. Work-life balance in the new millennium: Where are we? Where do we need to go? 2001, Ottawa, Canadian Policy Research Networks
53. Eby L T, Casper W J, Lockwood A, Bordeaux C, Brinkley A. Work and family research in IO/OB: Content analysis and review of the literature (1980-2002). Journal of Vocational Behavior 2005, 66:124-197.
54. Eggebeen D J, Knoester C. Does fatherhood matter for men? Journal of Marriage and Family 2001, 63:381-393.
55. Erickson R J, Nichols L, Ritter C. Family influences on absenteeism: Testing an expanded process model. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2000, 57:246-272.
56. Fagan J, Press J. Father influences on employed mothers' work family balance. Journal of Family Issues 2008, 29:1136-1160.
57. Ferree M M. Filling the glass: Gender perspectives on families. Journal of Marriage and Family 2010, 72:420-439.
58. Gangl M, Ziefle A. Motherhood, labor force behavior, and women's careers: An empirical assessment of the wage penalty for motherhood in Britain, Germany, and the United States. Demography 2009, 46:341-370.
59. Gareis K C, Barnett R C. Under what conditions do long work hours affect psychological distress? A study of full-time and reduced-hours female doctors. Work and Occupations 2002, 29:483-497.
60. Gaunt R. Maternal gatekeeping: Antecedents and consequences. Journal of Family Issues 2008, 29:373-395.
61. Gauthier A H, Smeeding T M, Furstenberg F F. Are parents investing less time in children? Trends in selected industrialized countries. Population and Development Review 2004, 30:647-671.
62. Gennetian L, Crosby D, Huston A, Lowe E. Can child care assistance in welfare and employment programs support the employment of low-income families? Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 2004, 23:723-743.
63. Gennetian L A, Duncan G, Knox V, Vargas W, Clark-Kauffman E, London A S. How welfare policies affect adolescents' school outcomes: A synthesis of evidence from experimental studies. Journal of Research on Adolescence 2004, 14:399-423.
64. Gershuny J. Changing times: Work and leisure in postindustrial society 2000, Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press
65. Glauber R. Gender and race in families and at work: The fatherhood wage premium. Gender and Society 2008, 22:8-30.
66. Gordon R A, Chase-Lansdale L. Availability of child care in the United States: A description and analysis of data sources. Demography 2001, 38:299-316.
67. Gordon R A, Hognas R S. The best laid plans: Expectations, preferences, and stability of child-care arrangements. Journal of Marriage and Family 2006, 68:373-393.
68. Gordon R A, Kaestner R, Korenman S. The effects of maternal employment on child injuries and infectious disease. Demography 2007, 44:307-333.
69. Gordon R A, Kaestner R, Korenman S. Child care and work absences: Trade-offs by type of care. Journal of Marriage and Family 2008, 70:239-256.
70. Gornick J C, Meyers M K. Families that work: Policies for reconciling parenthood and employment 2003, New York, Russell Sage Foundation
71. Greenhaus J H, Parasuraman S, Collins K M. Career involvement and family involvement as moderators of relationships between work-family conflict and withdrawal from a profession. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 2001, 6:91-100.
72. Gupta S. Autonomy, dependence, or display? The relationship between married women's earnings and housework. Journal of Marriage and Family 2007, 69:399-417.
73. Gupta S, Smock P J, Manning W D. Moving out: Transition to nonresidence among resident fathers in the United States, 1968-1997. Journal of Marriage and Family 2004, 66:627-638.
74. Han W J. Maternal nonstandard work schedules and child cognitive outcomes. Child Development 2005, 76:137-154.
75. Hardoy I, Schone P. Subsidizing " stayers" ?: Effects of a Norwegian child care reform on marital stability. Journal of Marriage and Family 2008, 70:571-584.
76. Heymann J. The widening gap: Why America's families are in jeopardy and what can be done about it 2000, New York, Basic Books
77. Hill E J, Ferris M, Martinson V. Does it matter where you work? A comparison of how three work venues (traditional office, virtual office, and home office) influence aspects of work and personal/family life. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2003, 63:220-241.
78. Hoffman S D. The changing impact of marriage and children on women's labor force participation. Monthly Labor Review 2009, 132:3-14.
79. Hook J L. Care in context: Men's unpaid work in 20 countries: 1965-2003. American Sociological Review 2006, 71:639-660.
80. Howes C, Sakai L M, Shinn M, Phillips D, Galinsky E, Whitebook M. Race, social class and maternal working conditions as influences on child development. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 1995, 16:107-124.
81. Hyde J S, Else-Quest N M, Goldsmith H H, Biesanz J C. Children's temperament and behavior problems predict their employed mothers' work functioning. Child Development 2004, 75:580-594.
82. Jacobs J A, Gerson K. Overworked individuals or overworked families? Explaining trends in work, leisure, and family time. Work and Occupations 2001, 28:40-63.
83. Jacobs J A, Gerson K. The time divide: Work, family, and gender inequality 2004, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press
84. Joshi P, Bogen K. Nonstandard schedules and young children's behavioral outcomes among working low-income families. Journal of Marriage and Family 2007, 69:139-156.
85. Juhn C, Potter S. Changes in labor force participation in the United States. Journal of Economic Perspectives 2006, 20:27-46.
86. Karasek R A. Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly 1979, 24:285-308.
87. Kaufman G, Uhlenberg P. The influence of parenthood on the work effort of married men and women. Social Forces 2000, 78:931-949.
88. Keene J R, Reynolds J R. The job costs of family demands: Gender differences in negative family-to-work spillover. Journal of Family Issues 2005, 26:275-299.
89. Kirchmeyer C. The different effects of family on objective career success across gender: A test of alternative explanations. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2006, 68:323-346.
90. Knoester C, Eggebeen D J. The effects of the transition to parenthood and subsequent children on men's well-being and social participation. Journal of Family Issues 2006, 27:1532-1560.
91. Knoester C, Petts R J, Eggebeen D J. Commitments to fathering and the well-being and social participation of new, disadvantaged fathers. Journal of Marriage and Family 2007, 69:991-1004.
92. Kossek E E, Lautsch B A, Eaton S C. Telecommuting, control, and boundary management: Correlates of policy use and practice, job control, and work-family effectiveness. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2006, 68:347-367.
93. Kuperberg A, Stone P. The media depiction of women who opt out. Gender and Society 2008, 22:497-517.
94. Lambert S J. Making a difference for hourly employees. Work-life policies 2009, 169-195. Crouter A CBooth A., Washington, DC, Urban Institute Press
95. Landale N S, Oropesa R S. Father involvement in the lives of mainland Puerto Rican children: Contributions of nonresident, cohabiting, and married fathers. Social Forces 2001, 79:945-968.
96. Lareau A. Unequal childhoods: Class, race, and family life 2003, Berkeley, University of California Press
97. Lewis S, Kagan C, Heaton P. Dual-earner parents with disabled children: Family patterns for working and caring. Journal of Family Issues 2000, 21:1031-1060.
98. Lundberg S, Rose E. Parenthood and the earnings of married men and women. Labor Economics 2000, 7:689-710.
99. MacDermid S M, Harvey A. The work-family conflict construct: Methodological implications. The work and family handbook: Multi-disciplinary perspectives and approaches 2006, 567-586. Pitt-Catsouphes M, Kossek E ESweet S., Mahwah, NJ, Erlbaum
100. Mandel H, Semyonov M. Family policies, wage structures, and gender gaps: Sources of earnings inequality in 20 countries. American Sociological Review 2005, 70:949-967.
101. Mandel H, Semyonov M. A welfare state paradox: State interventions and women's employment opportunities in 22 countries. American Journal of Sociology 2006, 111:1910-1949.
102. Mattingly M J, Bianchi S M. Gender differences in the quantity and quality of free time: The U.S. experience. Social Forces 2003, 81:999-1030.
103. Mattingly M J, Sayer L C. Under pressure: Gender differences in the relationship between free time and feeling rushed. Journal of Marriage and Family 2006, 68:205-221.
104. Meyers M K, Heintze T, Wolf D A. Child care subsidies and the employment of welfare recipients. Demography 2002, 39:165-179.
105. Milkie M A, Mattingly M J, Nomaguchi K M, Bianchi S M, Robinson J P. The time squeeze: Parental statuses and feelings about time with children. Journal of Marriage and Family 2004, 66:739-761.
106. Milkie M A, Peltola P. Playing all the roles: Gender and the work-family balancing act. Journal of Marriage and the Family 1999, 61:476-490.
107. Milkie M A, Raley S, Bianchi S M. Social Forces 2009, 88:487-517. Taking on the second shift: Time allocations and time pressures of U.S. parents of preschoolers.
108. Misra J, Moller S, Budig M J. Work-family policies and poverty for partnered and single women in Europe and North America. Gender & Society 2007, 21:804-827.
109. Moen P, Kelly E, Chermack K. Learning from a natural experiment: Studying a corporate work-time policy initiative. Work-life policies 2009, Crouter A C, Booth A, 97-132)., Washington, DC, Urban Institute Press
110. Morris P A, Huston A C, Duncan G J, Crosby D A, Bos J M. How welfare and work policies affect children 2001, New York, Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation
111. Morrissey T W. Familial factors associated with the use of multiple child-care arrangements. Journal of Marriage and Family 2008, 70:549-563.
112. Mullen J, Kelley E, Kelloway E K. Health and well-being outcomes of the work-family interface. Handbook of work-family integration: Research, theory and best practices 2008, Korabik K, Lero D D, Whitehead D L., Oxford, Elsevier
113. Nomaguchi K M. Maternal employment, nonparental care, mother-child interactions, and child outcomes during preschool years. Journal of Marriage and Family 2006, 68:1341-1369.
114. Nomaguchi K M. Change in work-family conflict among employed parents between 1977 and 1997. Journal of Marriage and Family 2009, 71:15-32.
115. Nomaguchi K M, Milkie M A, Bianchi S M. Time strains and psychological well-being: Do dual-earner mothers and fathers differ? Journal of Family Issues 2005, 26:756-792.
116. O'Laughlin E M, Bischoff L G. Balancing parenthood and academia: Work/family stress as influenced by gender and tenure status. Journal of Family Issues 2005, 26:79-106.
117. Pavalko E K, Artis J E. Women's caregiving and paid work: Causal relationships in late midlife. Journals of Gerontology: Social Sciences 1997, 52B:S170-S179.
118. Pearlin L I. The stress process revisited: Reflections on concepts and their interrelationships. Handbook of the sociology of mental health 1999, 395-415. Aneshensel C SPhelan J C., New York, Plenum
119. Perry-Jenkins M, Goldberg A E, Pierce C P, Sayer A G. Shift work, role overload, and the transition to parenthood. Journal of Marriage and Family 2007, 69:123-138.
120. Perry-Jenkins M, Repetti R L, Crouter A C. Work and family in the 1990s. Journal of Marriage and the Family 2000, 62:981-998.
121. Pitt-Catsouphes MKossek E ESweet S. (Eds.),, The work and family handbook: Multi-disciplinary perspectives and approaches, Mahwah, NJ, Erlbaum.
122. Polatnick M R. Too old for child care? Too young for self-care? Negotiating after-school arrangements for middle school. Journal of Family Issues 2002, 23:728-747.
123. Press J E, Fagan J, Laughlin L. Taking pressure off families: Child-care subsidies lessen mothers' work-hour problems. Journal of Marriage and Family 2006, 68:155-171.
124. Presser H B. Nonstandard work schedules and marital instability. Journal of Marriage and the Family 2000, 62:93-110.
125. Presser H B. Working in a 24/7 economy 2003, New York, Russell Sage Foundation
126. Probst T M. Economic stressors. Handbook of work stress 2005, 267-297. Barling JKelloway E KFrone M R., Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage
127. Rantanen J, Kinnunen U, Feldt T, Pulkkinen L. Work-family conflict and psychological well-being: Stability and cross-lagged relations within one- and six-year follow-ups. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2008, 73:37-51.
128. Raver C C. Does work pay psychologically as well as economically? The role of employment in predicting depressive symptoms and parenting among low-income families. Child Development 2003, 74:1720-1736.
129. Reynolds J R. In the face of conflict: Work-family conflict and desired work hour adjustments. Journal of Marriage and Family 2005, 67:1313-1331.
130. Reynolds J R, Aletraris L. Work-family conflict, children, and hour mismatches in Australia. Journal of Family Issues 2007, 28:749-772.
131. Reynolds J R, Burge S W, Robbins C L, Boyd E M, Harris B. Mastery and the fulfillment of occupational expectations by midlife. Social Psychology Quarterly 2007, 70:366-383.
132. Riley L A, Glass J L. You can't always get what you want: Infant care preferences and use among employed mothers. Journal of Marriage and Family 2002, 64:2-15.
133. Rindfuss R R, Guilkey D, Morgan S P, Kravdal O, Guzzo K B. Child care availability and first-birth timing in Norway. Demography 2007, 44:345-372.
134. Roehling P V, Jarvis L H, Swope H E. Variations in negative work-family spillover among White, Black, and Hispanic American men and women: Does ethnicity matter? Journal of Family Issues 2005, 26:840-865.
135. Rose K K, Elicker E. Parental decision making about child care. Journal of Family Issues 2008, 29:1161-1184.
136. Ross C E, Mirowsky J. Age and the gender gap in the sense of personal control. Social Psychology Quarterly 2002, 65:125-145.
137. Roxburgh S. " There just aren't enough hours in the day": The mental health consequences of time pressure. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 2004, 45:115-131.
138. Roxburgh S. Parenting strains, distress, and family paid labor: A modification of the cost-of-caring hypothesis. Journal of Family Issues 2005, 26:1062-1081.
139. Ruhm C J. Maternal employment and child development. Handbook of families and work 2009, 331-354. Crane D RHill E J., New York, University Press of America
140. Sandberg J F, Hofferth S L. Changes in children's time with parents: United States, 1981-1997. Demography 2001, 38:423-436.
141. Sandberg J F, Hofferth S L. Changes in children's time with parents: A correction. Demography 2005, 42:391-395.
142. Sayer L C. Gender, time, and inequality: Trends in women's and men's paid work, unpaid work, and free time. Social Forces 2005, 84:285-303.
143. Sayer L C, Bianchi S M, Robinson J P. Are parents investing less in children? Trends in mothers' and fathers' time with children. American Journal of Sociology 2004, 110:1-43.
144. Sayer L C, England P, Bittman M, Bianchi S M. How long is the second (plus first) shift? Gender differences in paid, unpaid and total work time in Australia and the United States. Journal of Comparative Family Studies 2009, 40:523-545.
145. Sayer L C, Gauthier A H, Furstenberg F F. Educational differences in parents' time with children: Cross-national variations. Journal of Marriage and Family 2004, 66:1152-1169.
146. Schieman S, Milkie M A, Glavin P. When work interferes with life: The social distribution of work-nonwork interference and the influence of work-related demands and resources. American Sociological Review 2009, 74:966-988.
147. Schieman S, Reid S. Job authority and health: Unraveling the competing suppression and explanatory influences. Social Science and Medicine 2009, 69:1616-1624.
148. Schieman S, Whitestone Y K, Van Gundy K. The nature of work and the stress of higher status. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 2006, 47:242-257.
149. Schneider B. In the moment: The benefits of the experience sampling method. The work and family handbook: Multi-disciplinary perspectives and approaches 2006, 469-488. Pitt-Catsouphes MKossek E ESweet S., Mahwah, NJ, Erlbaum
150. Scott E K, London A S, Hurst A. Instability in patchworks of child care when moving from welfare to work. Journal of Marriage and Family 2005, 67:370-386.
151. Steinmetz H, Frese M, Schmidt P. A longitudinal panel study on antecedents and outcomes of work-home interference. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2008, 73:231-241.
152. Stevens D P, Minnotte K L, Mannon S E, Kiger G. Examining the " neglected side of the work-family interface": Antecedents of positive and negative family-to-work spillover. Journal of Family Issues 2007, 28:242-262.
153. Strazdins L, Clements M S, Korda R J, Broom D H, D'Souza R M. Unsociable work? Nonstandard work schedules, family relationships, and children's well-being. Journal of Marriage and Family 2006, 68:394-410.
154. Sweet S, Moen P. Advancing a career focus on work and the family: Insights from the life course perspective. The work and family handbook: Multi-disciplinary perspectives and approaches 2006, 189-208. Pitt-Catsouphes M, Kossek E ESweet S., Mahwah, NJ, Erlbaum
155. Thompson J A, Bunderson J S. Work-nonwork conflict and the phenomenology of time: Beyond the balance metaphor. Work and Occupations 2001, 28:17-39.
156. Thorstad R R, Anderson T L, Hall M E L, Willingham M, Carruthers L. Breaking the mold: A qualitative exploration of mothers in Christian academia and their experiences of spousal support. Journal of Family Issues 2006, 27:229-251.
157. Townsend N. The package deal: Marriage, work and fatherhood in men's lives 2002, Philadelphia, Temple University Press
158. Uttal L. Using kin for child care: Embedment in the socioeconomic networks of extended families. Journal of Marriage and the Family 1999, 61:845-857.
159. van Daalen G, Willemsen T M, Sanders K. Reducing work-family conflict through different sources of social support. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2006, 69:462-476.
160. Voydanoff P. Toward a conceptualization of perceived work-family fit and balance: A demands and resources approach. Journal of Marriage and Family 2005, 67:822-836.
161. Waldfogel J, Han W J, Brooks-Gunn J. The effects of early maternal employment on child cognitive development. Demography 2002, 39:369-392.
162. Wallace J E, Young M C. Parenthood and productivity: A study of demands, resources, and family-friendly firms. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2008, 72:110-122.
163. Wharton A S, Blair-Loy M. The " overtime culture" in a global corporation: A cross-national study of finance professionals' interest in working part-time. Work and Occupations 2002, 29:32-63.
164. Wharton A S, Blair-Loy M. Long work hours and family life: A cross-national study of employees' concerns. Journal of Family Issues 2006, 27:415-436.
165. Wight V R, Raley S B, Bianchi S M. Time for children, one's spouse, and oneself among parents who work nonstandard hours. Social Forces 2008, 87:243-274.
166. Witt L A, Carlson D S. The work-family interface and job performance: Moderating effects of conscientiousness and perceived organizational support. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 2006, 11:343-357.
167. Yeung J W, Sandberg J F, Davis-Kean P E, Hofferth S L. Children's time with fathers in intact families. Journal of Marriage and Family 2001, 63:136-154.