Trans fatty acids in food and their influence on human health

Food Technology and Biotechnology

Volumn 48, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 135-142

  Filip, Sebastjan ^a   Fink, Rok ^a   Hribar, Janez ^a   Vidrih, Rajko ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA   (Slovenia)

Author keywords

Human health; Human nutrition; Hydrogenated fats; Trans fatty acids

Indexed keywords

CARDIO-VASCULAR DISEASE; CASE-CONTROL STUDY; EUROPEAN COUNTRIES; FOOD MANUFACTURERS; HUMAN HEALTH; HUMAN NUTRITION; TRANS FATTY ACID; UNITED STATES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATIONS;

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; ESTERIFICATION; FATTY ACIDS; HYDROGENATION; ISOMERS; NUTRITION; SOYBEAN OIL;

OILS AND FATS;

GLYCINE MAX;

EID: 77955026904     PISSN: 13309862     EISSN: 13342606     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. S.C. Srinivasan, X. Irz, B. Shankar, An assessment of the potential consumption impact of WHO dietary norms in OECD countries, Food Policy, 31 (2006) 53-77.
2. W.C. Willett, Trans fatty acids and cardiovascular disease - Epidemiological data, Atherosclerosis (Suppl.), 7 (2006) 5-8.
3. K.H. Wagner, E. Plasse, C. Proell, S. Kanzler, Comprehensive studies on the trans fatty acid content of Austrian foods: Convenience products, fast food and fats, Food Chem. 108 (2008) 1054-1060.
4. M.C. Craig-Schmidt, World-wide consumption of trans fatty acids, Atherosclerosis (Suppl.), 7 (2006) 1-4.
5. J. Moss, Labelling of trans fatty acid content in food, regulations and limits - The FDA view, Atherosclerosis (Suppl.), 7 (2006) 57-95.
6. C.M. Oomen, M.C. Ocké, E.J.M. Feskens, M.A.J. van Erp-Baart, F.J. Kok, D. Kromhout, Association between trans fatty acid intake and 10-year risk of coronary heart disease in the Zutphen Elderly Study: A prospective population-based study, Lancet, 357 (2001) 746-751.
7. S. Stender, J. Dyerberg, A. Bysted, T. Leth, A. Astrup, A trans world journey, Atherosclerosis (Suppl.), 7 (2006) 47-52.
8. M.T. Tarrago-Trani, K.M. Phillips, L.E. Lemar, J.M. Holden, New and existing oils and fats used in products with reduced trans fatty acid content, J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 106 (2006) 867-880.
9. M.B. Katan, Regulation of trans fats: The gap, the Polder and McDonald's French fries, Atherosclerosis (Suppl.), 7 (2006) 63-66.
10. Atlas of Health in Europe, World Health Organisation, WHO (2008) Copenhagen, Denmark
11. Food Labeling: Trans fatty acids in nutrition labeling; Consumer research to consider nutrient content and health claims and possible footnote or disclosure statements, final rule and proposed rule, Federal Register, Vol. 58, Food and Drug Administration, USA (2003) 41433-41506.
12. S. Borra, P.M. Kris-Etherton, J.G. Dausch, S. Yin-Piazza, An update of trans fat reduction in the American diet, J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 107 (2007) 2048-2050.
13. M. Carriquiry, W.J. Weber, L.H. Baumgard, B.A. Crooker, In vitro biohydrogenation of four dietary fats, Animal Feed Sci. Technol. 141 (2008) 339-355.
14. J. Chen, Y. Cao, H. Gao, L. Yang, Z.Y. Chen, Isomerization of conjugated linolenic acids during methylation, Chem. Phys. Lipids, 150 (2007) 136-142.
15. Margarine and spreads, IMACE - International Margarine Association of the Countries of Europe (2009) (http://www.imace.org/margarine/history.htm).
16. K. Salobir, Nutritional Functionality of Fats. In: 21st Food Technology Days 2001: Functional Foods, B. Žlender, L. Gašperlin (Eds.), Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia (2001) pp. 121-136.
17. M.J. Albers, L.J. Harnack, L.M. Steffen, D.R. Jacobs, 2006 marketplace survey of trans-fatty acid content of marga-rines and butters, cookies and snack cakes, and savoury snacks, J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 108 (2008) 367-370.
18. T. Blake: Trans-Fats, BBC, UK (2009) (http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/food_matters/transfats.shtml).
19. F. Destaillats, P.A. Golay, F. Joffre, M. de Wispelaere, B. Hug, F. Giuffrida, L. Fauconnot, F. Dionisi, Comparison of available analytical methods to measure trans-octadecenoic acid isomeric profile and content by gas-liquid chromatography in milk fat, J. Chromatogr. A, 1145 (2007) 222-228.
20. V. Fournier, P. Juanéda, F. Destaillats, F. Dionisi, P. Lambelet, L.L. Sébédio, O. Berdeaux, Analysis of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid geometrical isomers formed during fish-oil deodorization, J. Chromatogr. A, 1129 (2006) 21-28.
21. A. Ascherio, Epidemiological studies on dietary fats and coronary heart disease, Am. J. Med. 113 (2002) 9-12.
22. C.M. Murrieta, B.W. Hess, D.C. Rule, Comparison of acidic and alkaline catalysts for preparation of fatty acid methyl esters from ovine muscle with emphasis on conjugated linoleic acid, Meat Sci. 65 (2003) 523-529.
23. D. Triantafillou, V. Zografos, H. Katsikas, Fatty acid content of margarines in the Greek market (including trans-fatty acids): A contribution to improving consumers' information, Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 54 (2003) 135-141.
24. F.A. Kummerow, Q. Zhou, M.M. Mahfouz, M.R. Smiricky, C.M. Grieshop, D.J. Schaeffer, Trans fatty acids in hydrogenated fat inhibited the synthesis of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipid of arterial cells, Life Sci. 74 (2004) 2707-2723.
25. G.C. Burdge, P.R. Derrick, J.J. Russell, S. Tricon, S. Kew, T. Banerjee, R.F. Grimble, C.M. Williams, P. Yaqoob, P.C. Calder, Incorporation of cis-9, trans-11 or trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid in human erythrocytes in vivo, Nutr. Res. 25 (2005) 13-19.
26. M. Pfeuffer, J. Schrezenmeir, Impact of trans fatty acids of ruminant origin compared with those from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils on CHD risk, Int. Dairy J. 16 (2006) 1383-1388.
27. B. Koletzko, J. Müller, Cisand trans-isomeric fatty acids in plasma lipids of newborn infants and their mothers, Biol. Neonate, 57 (1990) 172-178.
28. B. Koletzko, Trans fatty acids may impair biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturates and growth in man, Acta Paediatr. 81 (1992) 302-306.
29. B. Koletzko, T. Decsi, Fatty acid composition of plasma lipid classes in healthy subjects from birth to young adulthood, Eur. J. Pediatr. 153 (1994) 520-525.
30. R.G. Jensen, C.J. Lammi-Keefe, R.A. Henderson, V.J. Bush, A.M. Ferris, Effect of dietary intake of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of human milk in North America, J. Pediatr. (Suppl.), 120 (1992) 87-92.
31. R.G. Jensen, C.J. Lammi-Keefe: Current Status of Research on the Composition of Bovine and Human Milk Lipids. In: Lipids in Infant Nutrition, Y.S. Huang, A.J. Sinclair (Eds.), AOCS Press, Champaign, IL, USA (1998) pp. 168-191.
32. E. Larqué, S. Zamora, A. Gil, Dietary trans fatty acids in early life: A review, Early Hum. Dev. (Suppl.), 65 (2001) 31-41.
33. E. Larqué, F. Pérez-Llamas, V. Puerta, M.D. Girón, M.D. Suárez, S. Zamora, A. Gil, Dietary trans fatty acids affect docosahexaenoic acid concentrations in plasma and liver but not brain of pregnant and fetal rats, Pediatr. Res. 47 (2000) 278-283.
34. E. Larqué, S. Zamora, A. Gil, Dietary trans fatty acids affect the essential fatty-acid concentration of rat milk, J. Nutr. 130 (2000) 847-851.
35. E. Larqué, P.A. García-Ruiz, F. Perez-Llamas, S. Zamora, A. Gil, Dietary trans fatty acids alter the compositions of microsomes and mitochondria and the activities of microsome Δ6-fatty acid desaturase and glucose-6-phosphatase in livers of pregnant rats, J. Nutr. 133 (2003) 2526-2531.
36. J. Boatella, M. Rafecas, R. Codony, A. Gibert, M. Rivero, R. Tormo, D. Infante, F. Sánchez-Valverde, Trans fatty acid content of human milk in Spain, J. Pediatr. Gastr. Nutr. 16 (1993) 432-434.
37. Z.Y. Chen, G. Pelletier, R. Hollywood, W.M.N. Ratnayake, Trans fatty acid isomers in Canadian human milk, Lipids, 30 (1995) 15-21.
38. R.P. Mensink, P. Nestel, Trans fatty acids and cardiovascular risk markers: Does the source matter?, Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 20 (2009) 1-2.
39. A. Ascherio, Trans fatty acids and blood lipids, Atherosclerosis (Suppl.), 7 (2006) 25-27.
40. P.R. Mensink, B.M. Katan, Trans monounsaturated fatty acids in nutrition and their impact on serum lipoprotein levels in man, Prog. Lipid Res. 32 (1993) 111-122.
41. Position of the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada: Dietary fatty acids, J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 107 (2007) 1599-1611.
42. A. Astrup, The trans fatty acid story in Denmark, Atherosclerosis (Suppl.), 7 (2006) 43-46.
43. S.H. Chen, K.C. Chen, H.M. Lien, Determination of fatty acids in vegetable oil by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 849 (1999) 357-369.
44. S.A. Mjøs, Identification of fatty acids in gas chromatography by application of different temperature and pressure programmes on a single capillary column, J. Chromatogr. A, 1015 (2003) 151-161.
45. I. Bondia-Pons, A.I. Castellote, M.C. López-Sabater, Comparison of conventional and fast gas chromatography in human-plasma fatty-acid determination, J. Chromatogr. B, 809 (2004) 339-344.
46. W.M.N. Ratnayake, Determination of trans unsaturation by infrared spectrophotometry and determination of fatty-acid composition of partially hydrogenated vegetable oils and animal fats by gas chromatography/infrared spectrophotometry: Collaborative study, J. AOAC Int. 78 (1995) 783- 802.
47. F. Ulberth, M. Henninger, Simplified method for the determination of trans monoenes in edible fats by TLC-GLC, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 69 (1992) 829-831.
48. S.R. Baggio, A.M.R. Miguel, N. Bragagnolo, Simultaneous determination of cholesterol oxides, cholesterol and fatty acids in processed turkey meat products, Food Chem. 89 (2005) 475-484.
49. W.P. Park, E.R. Goins, In situ preparation of fatty acid methyl esters for analysis of fatty acid composition in foods, J. Food Sci. 59 (1994) 1262-1266.
50. R. Garces, M. Mancha, One-step lipid extraction and fatty acid methyl esters preparation from fresh plant tissues, Anal. Biochem. 211 (1993) 139-143.
51. T. Leth, G.H. Jensen, Æ.A. Mikkelsen, A. Bysted, The effect of the regulation on trans fatty acid content in Danish food, Atherosclerossis, 7 (2006) 53-56.
52. S.M. Innis, T.J. Green, T.K. Halsey, Variability in the trans fatty acid content of foods within a food category: Implications for estimation of dietary trans fatty acid intakes, J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 18 (1999) 255-260.
53. G. van Poppel, M.A. van Erp-Baart, T. Leth, E. Gevers, J. van Amelsvoort, D. Lanzmann-Petithory, A. Kafatos, A. Aro, Trans fatty acids in foods in Europe: The TRANSFAIR study, J. Food Compos. Anal. 11 (1998) 112-136.
54. A.K. Seçkim, O. Gursoy, O. Kinik, N. Akbulut, Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration, fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of some Turkish dairy products, LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 38 (2005) 909-915.
55. M. Ledoux, J.M. Chardigny, M. Darbois, Y. Soustre, J.L. Sébédio, L. Laloux, Fatty acid composition of French butters, with special emphasis on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers, J. Food Compos. Anal. 18 (2005) 409-425.
56. J.M. Chardigny, R.L. Wolff, E. Mager, J.L. Sébédio, L. Martine, P. Juanéda, Trans monoand polyunsaturated fatty acids in human milk, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 49 (1995) 523-531.
57. A.J. Pandya, K.M. Ghodke, Goat and sheep milk products other than cheeses and yoghurt, Small Ruminant Res. 68 (2007) 193-206.
58. D.E. Bauman, J.M. Griinari, Regulation and nutritional manipulation of milk fat: Low-fat milk syndrome, Livest. Prod. Sci. 70 (2000) 15-29.
59. J. Brát, J. Pokorný, Fatty acid composition of margarines and cooking fats available on the Czech market, J. Food Compos. Anal. 13 (2000) 337-343.
60. Z. Cenčič-Kodba, Content of trans fatty acids in margarines and selected fatty foods marketed in Slovenia, 3rd Slovenian Congress on Food and Nutrition, Food Processing - Innovation - Nutrition - Healthy Consumers, P. Raspor, T. Buzeti, L. Gašperlin, M. Jevšnik, B. Kovač, A. Krumpak, P. Medved, S. Oštir, P. Plahuta, M. Simčič, S. Smole-Mò ina (Eds.), Slovenian Nutrition Society, Ljubljana, Slovenia (2007) p. 119.
61. E. Larqué, M. Garaulet, F. Pérez-Llamas, S. Zamora, F.J. Tebar, Fatty acid composition and nutritional relevance of most widely consumed margarines in Spain, Grasas y Aceites, 54 (2003) 65-70.
62. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases, WHO Technical Report Series 916, Geneva, Switzerland (2003)
63. Crisco® shortening products reformulated to contain zero gram trans fat per serving (2008) (http://www.crisco.com/Promotions_News/Press_Releases/2007/zero_grams_ttran_fat).
64. J. Farmani, M. Hamedi, M. Safari, A. Madadlou, Trans-free Iranian vanaspati through enzymatic and chemical transesterification of triple blends of fully hydrogenated soybean, rapeseed and sunflower oils, Food Chem. 102 (2007) 827-833.
65. L.J. Unnevehr, E. Jagmanaite, Getting rid of trans fats in the US diet: Policies, incentives and progress, Food Policy, 33 (2008) 497-503.
66. R.H. Eckel, P. Kris-Etherton, A.H. Lichtenstein, J. Wylie-Rosett, A. Groom, K.F. Stitzel, S. Yin-Piazza, Americans' awareness, knowledge, and behaviours regarding fats: 2006- 2007, J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 109 (2009) 288-296.
67. World Population to 2300, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, New York, USA (2004) pp. 4-10.