Prevention of healthcare-associated infections in children: New strategies and success stories

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

Volumn 23, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 300-305

  Sandora, Thomas J ^a  

^a BOSTON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

hospitals; nosocomial infection; pediatrics; prevention and control

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; FAMILY; GOVERNMENT; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INFECTION CONTROL; INFECTION RATE; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD; PATIENT SAFETY; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SURGICAL INFECTION; VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; CATHETER INFECTION; CHILD; CROSS INFECTION; HOSPITAL; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; MEDICAL RESEARCH; NEWBORN; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; TRANSMISSION;

BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH; CATHETER-RELATED INFECTIONS; CHILD; CROSS INFECTION; DRUG RESISTANCE, BACTERIAL; HOSPITALS, PEDIATRIC; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS, PEDIATRIC; PNEUMONIA, VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED; SURGICAL WOUND INFECTION;

EID: 77954888075     PISSN: 09517375     EISSN: 14736527     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283399e7d     Document Type: Review

References (45)

1. Jeffries HE, Mason W, Brewer M, et al. Prevention of central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections in pediatric intensive care units: a performance improvement collaborative. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2009; 30:645-651.
2. Elward AM, Hollenbeak CS, Warren DK, Fraser VJ. Attributable cost of nosocomial primary bloodstream infection in pediatric intensive care unit patients. Pediatrics 2005; 115:868-872.
3. The Joint Commission: National Patient Safety Goals. http://www.jointcom mission.org/NR/rdonlyres/868C9E07-037F-433D-8858-0D5FAA4322F2/0/ RevisedChapter-HAP-NPSG-20090924.pdf. [Accessed 15 January 2010]
4. Elward AM, Fraser VJ. Risk factors for nosocomial primary bloodstream infection in pediatric intensive care unit patients: a 2-year prospective cohort study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006; 27:553-560.
5. Costello JM, Graham DA, Morrow DF, et al. Risk factors for central line-associated bloodstream infection in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2009; 10:453-459.
6. McKee C, Berkowitz I, Cosgrove SE, et al. Reduction of catheter-associated bloodstream infections in pediatric patients: experimentation and reality. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2008; 9:40-46.
7. Costello JM, Morrow DF, Graham DA, et al. Systematic intervention to reduce central line-associated bloodstream infection rates in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. Pediatrics 2008; 121:915-923.
8. Chelliah A, Heydon KH, Zaoutis TE, et al. Observational trial of antibiotic-coated central venous catheters in critically ill pediatric patients. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007; 26:816-820.
9. Garland JS, Alex CP, Mueller CD, et al. A randomized trial comparing povidone-iodine to a chlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated dressing for prevention of central venous catheter infections in neonates. Pediatrics 2001; 107:1431-1436.
10. Safdar N, Maki DG. Use of vancomycin-containing lock or flush solutions for prevention of bloodstream infection associated with central venous access devices: a meta-analysis of prospective, randomized trials. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43:474-484.
11. Timsit JF, Schwebel C, Bouadma L, et al. Chlorhexidine-impregnated sponges and less frequent dressing changes for prevention of catheter-related infections in critically ill adults: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2009; 301:1 231-1241.
12. Mouw E, Chessman K, Lesher A, Tagge E. Use of an ethanol lock to prevent catheter-related infections in children with short bowel syndrome. J Pediatr Surg 2008; 43:1025-1029.
13. Maiefski M, Rupp ME, Hermsen ED. Ethanol lock technique: review of the literature. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2009; 30:1096-1108.
14. Edwards JR, Peterson KD, Mu Y, et al. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) report: data summary for 2006 through 2008, issued December 2009. Am J Infect Control 2009; 37:783-805.
15. Schulman J, Stricof RL, Stevens TP, et al. Development of a statewide collaborative to decrease NICU central line-associated bloodstream infec tions. J Perinatol 2009; 29:591-599.
16. Schulman J, Wirtschafter DD, Kurtin P. Neonatal intensive care unit collaboration to decrease hospital-acquired bloodstream infections: from comparative performance reports to improvement networks. Pediatr Clin North Am 2009; 56:865-892.
17. Miller MR, Griswold M, Harris JM 2nd, et al. Decreasing PICU catheter-associated bloodstream infections: NACHRI's quality transformation efforts. Pediatrics 2010; 125:206-213.
18. Foglia E, Meier MD, Elward A. Ventilator-associated pneumonia in neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit patients. Clin Microbiol Rev 2007; 20:409-425; table of contents.
19. Horan TC, Andrus M, Dudeck MA. CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of healthcare-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Am J Infect Control 2008; 36:309-332.
20. Elward AM, Warren DK, Fraser VJ. Ventilator-associated pneumonia in pediatric intensive care unit patients: risk factors and outcomes. Pediatrics 2002; 109:758-764.
21. Srinivasan R, Asselin J, Gildengorin G, et al. A prospective study of ventilator-associated pneumonia in children. Pediatrics 2009; 123:1108-1115.
22. How-to-guide pediatric supplement, ventilator-associated pneumonia. http://www.nichq.org/pdf/VAP.pdf. [Accessed 8 February 2010]
23. Aly H, Badawy M, El-Kholy A, et al. Randomized, controlled trial on tracheal colonization of ventilated infants: can gravity prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia? Pediatrics 2008; 122:770-774.
24. Bigham MT, Amato R, Bondurrant P, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia in the pediatric intensive care unit: characterizing the problem and implementing a sustainable solution. J Pediatr 2009; 154:582-587; e2.
25. Klompas M. The paradox of ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention measures. Crit Care 2009; 13:315.
26. Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, etal. Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999; 20:250-278; quiz 79-80.
27. Langley JM, Gravel D, Moore D, et al. Study of cerebrospinal fluid shunt-associated infections in the first year following placement, by the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2009; 30:285-288.
28. Milstone AM, Maragakis LL, Townsend T, et al. Timing of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis: a modifiable risk factor for deep surgical site infections after pediatric spinal fusion. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008; 27:704-708.
29. Ben-Ami E, Levy I, Katz J, et al. Risk factors for sternal wound infection in children undergoing cardiac surgery: a case-control study. J Hosp Infect 2008; 70:335-340.
30. Milstone AM, Passaretti CL, Perl TM. Chlorhexidine: expanding the armamentarium for infection control and prevention. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:274-281.
31. Darouiche RO, Wall MJ Jr, Itani KM, et al. Chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone-iodine for surgical-site antisepsis. N Engl J Med 2010; 362:18-26.
32. Jarvis WR. Selected aspects of the socioeconomic impact of nosocomial infections: morbidity, mortality, cost, and prevention. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1996; 17:552-557.
33. Fritz SA, Garbutt J, Elward A, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for community-acquired methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus colonization in children seen in a practice-based research network. Pediatrics 2008; 121:1090-1098.
34. Lee GM, Huang SS, Rifas-Shiman SL, et al. Epidemiology and risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus colonization in children in the post-PCV7 era. BMC Infect Dis 2009; 9:110.
35. Gerber JS, Coffin SE, Smathers SA, Zaoutis TE. Trends in the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in children's hospitals in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 49:65-71.
36. Gregory ML, Eichenwald EC, Puopolo KM. Seven-year experience with a surveillance program to reduce methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in a neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatrics 2009; 123:e790-e796.
37. Seybold U, Halvosa JS, White N, et al. Emergence of and risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of community origin in intensive care nurseries. Pediatrics 2008; 122:1039-1046.
38. Milstone AM, Song X, Beers C, et al. Unrecognized burden of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus carriage in the pediatric intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008; 29:1174-1176.
39. Song X, Perencevich E, Campos J, et al. Clinical and economic impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization or infection on neonates in intensive care units. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010; 31:177-182.
40. Schultz ED, Tanaka DT, Goldberg RN, et al. Effect of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in the neonatal intensive care unit on total hospital cost. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2009; 30:383-385.
41. Milstone AM, Perl TM. MRSA: screening and laboratory identification. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008; 27:927-928.
42. McGinigle KL, Gourlay ML, Buchanan IB. The use of active surveillance cultures in adult intensive care units to reduce methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-related morbidity, mortality, and costs: a systematic review. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:1717-1725.
43. Milstone AM, Maragakis LL, Carroll KC, Perl TM. Targeted surveillance to identify children colonized with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in the pediatric intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010; 31:95-98.
44. Santos RP, Mayo TW, Siegel JD. Healthcare epidemiology: active surveillance cultures and contact precautions for control of multidrug-resistant organisms: ethical considerations. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47:110-116.
45. Research Committee of the Society of Healthcare Epidemiology of America. Enhancing patient safety by reducing healthcare-associated infections: the role of discovery and dissemination. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010; 31:118-123.