메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 409-425

Ventilator-associated pneumonia in neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit patients

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AMPHOTERICIN B; CARBAPENEM DERIVATIVE; CEFEPIME; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; CHLORHEXIDINE; CIPROFLOXACIN; COLISTIN; GENTAMICIN; HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; IMIPENEM; LINEZOLID; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE; NYSTATIN; OMEPRAZOLE; PIPERACILLIN PLUS TAZOBACTAM; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; RANITIDINE; STEROID; SUCRALFATE; TOBRAMYCIN; VANCOMYCIN;

EID: 34547396873     PISSN: 08938512     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00041-06     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (254)

References (101)
  • 1
    • 4744375310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia in a pediatric intensive care unit in Saudi Arabia: A 30-month prospective surveillance
    • Almuneef, M., Z. A. Memish, H. H. Balkhy, H. Alalem, and A. Abutaleb. 2004. Ventilator-associated pneumonia in a pediatric intensive care unit in Saudi Arabia: a 30-month prospective surveillance. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 25:753-758.
    • (2004) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol , vol.25 , pp. 753-758
    • Almuneef, M.1    Memish, Z.A.2    Balkhy, H.H.3    Alalem, H.4    Abutaleb, A.5
  • 2
    • 13644269309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia
    • American Thoracic Society
    • American Thoracic Society. 2005. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 171:388-416.
    • (2005) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.171 , pp. 388-416
  • 3
    • 0346139501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia in extremely preterm neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit: Characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes
    • Apisarnthanarak, A., G. Holzmann-Pazgal, A. Hamvas, M. A. Olsen, and V. J. Fraser. 2003. Ventilator-associated pneumonia in extremely preterm neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit: characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes. Pediatrics 112:1283-1289.
    • (2003) Pediatrics , vol.112 , pp. 1283-1289
    • Apisarnthanarak, A.1    Holzmann-Pazgal, G.2    Hamvas, A.3    Olsen, M.A.4    Fraser, V.J.5
  • 4
    • 2942755660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An educational intervention to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia in an integrated health system: A comparison of effects
    • Babcock, H. M., J. E. Zack, T. Garrison, E. Trovillion, M. Jones, V. J. Fraser, and M. H. Kollef. 2004. An educational intervention to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia in an integrated health system: a comparison of effects. Chest 125:2224-2231.
    • (2004) Chest , vol.125 , pp. 2224-2231
    • Babcock, H.M.1    Zack, J.E.2    Garrison, T.3    Trovillion, E.4    Jones, M.5    Fraser, V.J.6    Kollef, M.H.7
  • 6
    • 0031966168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal nosocomial infections
    • Baltimore, R. S. 1998. Neonatal nosocomial infections. Semin. Perinatol. 22:25-32.
    • (1998) Semin. Perinatol , vol.22 , pp. 25-32
    • Baltimore, R.S.1
  • 7
    • 0034937650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in severely burned pediatric patients
    • Barret, J. P., M. G. Jeschke, and D. N. Herndon. 2001. Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in severely burned pediatric patients. Burns 27:439-445.
    • (2001) Burns , vol.27 , pp. 439-445
    • Barret, J.P.1    Jeschke, M.G.2    Herndon, D.N.3
  • 8
    • 0035675088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality rate attributable to ventilator-associated nosocomial pneumonia in an adult intensive care unit: A prospective case-control study
    • Bercault, N., and T. Boulain. 2001. Mortality rate attributable to ventilator-associated nosocomial pneumonia in an adult intensive care unit: a prospective case-control study. Crit. Care Med. 29:2303-2309.
    • (2001) Crit. Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 2303-2309
    • Bercault, N.1    Boulain, T.2
  • 10
    • 34547489813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black, S. R., E. Lo, M. Madriaga, M. Zimmerman, and J. Segreti. 2002. Nosocomial pneumonia in the PICU. Abstr. 40th Intersci. Conf. Antimicrob. Agents Chermother., abstr. K-452.
    • Black, S. R., E. Lo, M. Madriaga, M. Zimmerman, and J. Segreti. 2002. Nosocomial pneumonia in the PICU. Abstr. 40th Intersci. Conf. Antimicrob. Agents Chermother., abstr. K-452.
  • 11
    • 0029987974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of aspiration or tracheostomy-associated pneumonia in neurologically impaired children: Effect of antimicrobials effective against anaerobic bacteria
    • Brook, I. 1996. Treatment of aspiration or tracheostomy-associated pneumonia in neurologically impaired children: effect of antimicrobials effective against anaerobic bacteria. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 35:171-177.
    • (1996) Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol , vol.35 , pp. 171-177
    • Brook, I.1
  • 12
    • 0035047870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How safe is non-bronchoseopic bronchoalveolar lavage in critically ill mechanically ventilated children?
    • Burmester, M., and Q. Mok. 2001. How safe is non-bronchoseopic bronchoalveolar lavage in critically ill mechanically ventilated children? Intensive Care Med. 27:716-721.
    • (2001) Intensive Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 716-721
    • Burmester, M.1    Mok, Q.2
  • 13
    • 0021710220 scopus 로고
    • Prospective evaluation of the protected specimen brush for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in ventilated patients
    • Chastre, J., F. Viau, P. Brun, J. Pierre, M. C. Dauge, A. Bouchama, A. Akesbi, and C. Gibert. 1984. Prospective evaluation of the protected specimen brush for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in ventilated patients. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 130:924-929.
    • (1984) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.130 , pp. 924-929
    • Chastre, J.1    Viau, F.2    Brun, P.3    Pierre, J.4    Dauge, M.C.5    Bouchama, A.6    Akesbi, A.7    Gibert, C.8
  • 14
    • 85136377973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chastre, J., M. Wolff, J. Y. Fagon, S. Chevret, F. Thomas, D. Wermert, E. Clementi, J. Gonzalez, D. Jusserand, P. Asfar, D. Perrin, F. Fieux, S. Aubas, and the PneumA Trial Group. 2003. Comparison of 8 vs 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized trial. JAMA 290:2588-2598.
    • Chastre, J., M. Wolff, J. Y. Fagon, S. Chevret, F. Thomas, D. Wermert, E. Clementi, J. Gonzalez, D. Jusserand, P. Asfar, D. Perrin, F. Fieux, S. Aubas, and the PneumA Trial Group. 2003. Comparison of 8 vs 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized trial. JAMA 290:2588-2598.
  • 15
    • 33846417278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical chlorhexidine for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A meta-analysis
    • Chlebicki, M. P., and N. Safdar. 2007. Topical chlorhexidine for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a meta-analysis. Crit. Care Med. 35:595-602.
    • (2007) Crit. Care Med , vol.35 , pp. 595-602
    • Chlebicki, M.P.1    Safdar, N.2
  • 16
    • 0037453115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: An evidence-based systematic review
    • Collard, H. R., S. Saint, and M. A. Matthay. 2003. Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: an evidence-based systematic review. Ann. Intern. Med. 138:494-501.
    • (2003) Ann. Intern. Med , vol.138 , pp. 494-501
    • Collard, H.R.1    Saint, S.2    Matthay, M.A.3
  • 17
    • 0033852948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients, a prospective randomized evaluation of the Sterieath closed suctioning system
    • Combes, P., B. Fauvage, and C. Oleyer. 2000. Nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients, a prospective randomized evaluation of the Sterieath closed suctioning system. Intensive Care Med. 26:878-882.
    • (2000) Intensive Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 878-882
    • Combes, P.1    Fauvage, B.2    Oleyer, C.3
  • 18
    • 0030029997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients. Resolving discordant meta-analyses
    • Cook, D. J., B. K. Reeve, G. H. Guyatt, D. K. Heyland, L. E. Griffith, L. Buckingham, and M. Tryba. 1996. Stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients. Resolving discordant meta-analyses. JAMA 275:308-314.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.275 , pp. 308-314
    • Cook, D.J.1    Reeve, B.K.2    Guyatt, G.H.3    Heyland, D.K.4    Griffith, L.E.5    Buckingham, L.6    Tryba, M.7
  • 19
  • 20
    • 0034167158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of a closed (Trach Care MAC) with an open endotracheal suction system in small premature infants
    • Cordero, L., M. Sananes, and L. W. Ayers. 2000. Comparison of a closed (Trach Care MAC) with an open endotracheal suction system in small premature infants. J. Perinatol. 3:151-156.
    • (2000) J. Perinatol , vol.3 , pp. 151-156
    • Cordero, L.1    Sananes, M.2    Ayers, L.W.3
  • 21
    • 33751190732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tailoring the Institute for Health Care Improvement 100,000 Lives Campaign to pediatric settings: The example of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Curley, M. A., E. Schwalenstocker, J. K. Deshpande, C. C. Ganser, D. Bertoch, J. Brandon, and P. Kurtin. 2006. Tailoring the Institute for Health Care Improvement 100,000 Lives Campaign to pediatric settings: the example of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. 53:1231-1251.
    • (2006) Pediatr. Clin. N. Am , vol.53 , pp. 1231-1251
    • Curley, M.A.1    Schwalenstocker, E.2    Deshpande, J.K.3    Ganser, C.C.4    Bertoch, D.5    Brandon, J.6    Kurtin, P.7
  • 22
    • 34547448500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 23 August, accession date. Criteria for defining nosocomial pneumonia
    • Department of Health and Human Services. 23 August 2006, accession date. Criteria for defining nosocomial pneumonia. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/ hip/NNIS/members/pneumonia/Final/PneumoCriteriaV1.pdf.
    • (2006)
  • 23
    • 0025647269 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of colonization, nosocomial pneumonia, and mortality in critically ill patients using a Trach Care closed-suction system versus an open-suction system: Prospective, randomized study
    • Deppe, S. A., J. W. Kelly, L. L. Thoi, J. H. Chudy, R. N. Longfield, J. P. Ducey, C. L. Truwit, and M. R. Antopol. 1990. Incidence of colonization, nosocomial pneumonia, and mortality in critically ill patients using a Trach Care closed-suction system versus an open-suction system: prospective, randomized study. Crit. Care Med. 18:1389-1393.
    • (1990) Crit. Care Med , vol.18 , pp. 1389-1393
    • Deppe, S.A.1    Kelly, J.W.2    Thoi, L.L.3    Chudy, J.H.4    Longfield, R.N.5    Ducey, J.P.6    Truwit, C.L.7    Antopol, M.R.8
  • 24
    • 0024468840 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial infection in neonatal intensive care units
    • Donowitz, L. G. 1989. Nosocomial infection in neonatal intensive care units. Am. J. Infect. Control 17:250-257.
    • (1989) Am. J. Infect. Control , vol.17 , pp. 250-257
    • Donowitz, L.G.1
  • 25
    • 0033610663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: A randomised trial
    • Drakulovic, M. B., A. Torres, T. T. Bauer, J. M. Nicolas, S. Nogué, and M. Ferrer. 1999. Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: a randomised trial. Lancet 354:1851-1858.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1851-1858
    • Drakulovic, M.B.1    Torres, A.2    Bauer, T.T.3    Nicolas, J.M.4    Nogué, S.5    Ferrer, M.6
  • 26
    • 0029066811 scopus 로고
    • Low birth weight and nosocomial infection of neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit
    • Drews, M. B., A. C. Ludwig, J. U. Leititis, and F. D. Daschner. 1995. Low birth weight and nosocomial infection of neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit. J. Hosp. Infect. 30:65-72.
    • (1995) J. Hosp. Infect , vol.30 , pp. 65-72
    • Drews, M.B.1    Ludwig, A.C.2    Leititis, J.U.3    Daschner, F.D.4
  • 27
    • 0024359689 scopus 로고
    • Cardiopulmonary and intracranial pressure changes related to endotracheal suctioning in preterm infants
    • Durand, M., B. Sangha, L. A. Cabal, T. Hoppenbrouwers, and J. E. Hodgman. 1989. Cardiopulmonary and intracranial pressure changes related to endotracheal suctioning in preterm infants. Crit. Care Med. 17:506-510.
    • (1989) Crit. Care Med , vol.17 , pp. 506-510
    • Durand, M.1    Sangha, B.2    Cabal, L.A.3    Hoppenbrouwers, T.4    Hodgman, J.E.5
  • 28
    • 0036252543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia in pediatric intensive care unit patients: Risk factors and outcomes
    • Elward, A. M., D. K. Warren, and V. J. Fraser. 2002. Ventilator-associated pneumonia in pediatric intensive care unit patients: risk factors and outcomes. Pediatrics 109:758-764.
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.109 , pp. 758-764
    • Elward, A.M.1    Warren, D.K.2    Fraser, V.J.3
  • 30
    • 0032851762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical diagnosis of ventilator associated pneumonia revisited: Comparative validation using immediate post-mortem lung biopsies
    • Fabregas, N., S. Ewig, A. Torres, M. El-Ebiary, J. Ramirez, J. P. de La Bellacasa, T. Bauer, and H. Cabello. 1999. Clinical diagnosis of ventilator associated pneumonia revisited: comparative validation using immediate post-mortem lung biopsies. Thorax 54:867-873.
    • (1999) Thorax , vol.54 , pp. 867-873
    • Fabregas, N.1    Ewig, S.2    Torres, A.3    El-Ebiary, M.4    Ramirez, J.5    de La Bellacasa, J.P.6    Bauer, T.7    Cabello, H.8
  • 31
    • 0027466159 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients: A cohort study evaluating attributable mortality and hospital stay
    • Fagon, J. Y., J. Chastre, A. J. Hance, P. Montravers, A. Novara, and C. Gibert. 1993. Nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients: a cohort study evaluating attributable mortality and hospital stay. Am. J. Med. 94:281-288.
    • (1993) Am. J. Med , vol.94 , pp. 281-288
    • Fagon, J.Y.1    Chastre, J.2    Hance, A.J.3    Montravers, P.4    Novara, A.5    Gibert, C.6
  • 33
    • 0033857998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of antibiotics in pediatric intensive care and potential savings
    • Fischer, J. E., M. Ramser, and S. Fanconi. 2000. Use of antibiotics in pediatric intensive care and potential savings. Intensive Care Med. 26:959-966.
    • (2000) Intensive Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 959-966
    • Fischer, J.E.1    Ramser, M.2    Fanconi, S.3
  • 34
    • 0033852952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delay of extubation in neonates and children after cardiac surgery: Impact of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Fischer, J. E., P. Allen, and S. Fanconi. 2000. Delay of extubation in neonates and children after cardiac surgery: impact of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Intensive Care Med. 26:942-949.
    • (2000) Intensive Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 942-949
    • Fischer, J.E.1    Allen, P.2    Fanconi, S.3
  • 36
    • 0033006181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Flanagan, P. G. 1999. Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. J. Hosp. Infect. 41:87-99.
    • (1999) J. Hosp. Infect , vol.41 , pp. 87-99
    • Flanagan, P.G.1
  • 37
    • 0034030424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia using non-bronchoscopic, non-directed lung lavages
    • Flanagan, P. G., G. P. Findlay, J. T. Magee, A. Ionescu, R. A. Barnes, and M. Smithies. 2000. The diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia using non-bronchoscopic, non-directed lung lavages. Intensive Care Med. 26:20-30.
    • (2000) Intensive Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 20-30
    • Flanagan, P.G.1    Findlay, G.P.2    Magee, J.T.3    Ionescu, A.4    Barnes, R.A.5    Smithies, M.6
  • 38
    • 34547395207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foglia, E., C. Hollenbeak, V. Fraser, and A. Elward. 2006. Costs associated with nosocomial bloodstream infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia in pediatric intensive care unit patients. Abstr. 16th Annu. Meet. Soc. Healthcare Epidemiol. America, abstr. 109.
    • Foglia, E., C. Hollenbeak, V. Fraser, and A. Elward. 2006. Costs associated with nosocomial bloodstream infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia in pediatric intensive care unit patients. Abstr. 16th Annu. Meet. Soc. Healthcare Epidemiol. America, abstr. 109.
  • 40
    • 0014688946 scopus 로고
    • Impaired opsonic activity but normal phagocytosis in low-birth-weight infants
    • Forman, M. L., and E. R. Stiehm. 1969. Impaired opsonic activity but normal phagocytosis in low-birth-weight infants. N. Engl. J. Med. 281:926-931.
    • (1969) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.281 , pp. 926-931
    • Forman, M.L.1    Stiehm, E.R.2
  • 42
    • 2142719785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia in intubated children: Comparison of different diagnostic methods
    • Gauvin, F., C. Dassa, M. Chaibou, F. Proulx, C. A. Farrell, and J. Lacroix. 2003. Ventilator-associated pneumonia in intubated children: comparison of different diagnostic methods. Pediatr. Crit. Care Med. 4:437-443.
    • (2003) Pediatr. Crit. Care Med , vol.4 , pp. 437-443
    • Gauvin, F.1    Dassa, C.2    Chaibou, M.3    Proulx, F.4    Farrell, C.A.5    Lacroix, J.6
  • 43
    • 0029793818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gaynes, R. P., J. R. Edwards, W. R. Jarvis, D. H. Culver, J. S. Tolson, W. J. Martone, and the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System. 1996. Nosocomial infections among neonates in high-risk nurseries in the United States. Pediatrics 98:357-361.
    • Gaynes, R. P., J. R. Edwards, W. R. Jarvis, D. H. Culver, J. S. Tolson, W. J. Martone, and the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System. 1996. Nosocomial infections among neonates in high-risk nurseries in the United States. Pediatrics 98:357-361.
  • 44
    • 0020580297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goldmann, D. A., J. Freeman, and W. A. Durbin, Jr. 1983. Nosocomial infection and death in a neonatal intensive care unit. J. Infect. Dis. 147: 635-641.
    • Goldmann, D. A., J. Freeman, and W. A. Durbin, Jr. 1983. Nosocomial infection and death in a neonatal intensive care unit. J. Infect. Dis. 147: 635-641.
  • 45
    • 2542565665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late-onset infection and the role of antibiotic prescribing policies
    • Gordon, A., and D. Isaacs. 2004. Late-onset infection and the role of antibiotic prescribing policies. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 17:231-236.
    • (2004) Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis , vol.17 , pp. 231-236
    • Gordon, A.1    Isaacs, D.2
  • 46
    • 26444599602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of computerized surveillance to detect nosocomial pneumonia in neonatal intensive care unit patents
    • Haas, J. P., E. A. Mendonca, B. Ross, C. Friedman, and E. Larson. 2005. Use of computerized surveillance to detect nosocomial pneumonia in neonatal intensive care unit patents. Am. J. Infect. Control 33:439-443.
    • (2005) Am. J. Infect. Control , vol.33 , pp. 439-443
    • Haas, J.P.1    Mendonca, E.A.2    Ross, B.3    Friedman, C.4    Larson, E.5
  • 47
    • 0020691287 scopus 로고
    • Barrier properties of the newborn infant's skin
    • Harpin, V. A., and N. Rutter. 1983. Barrier properties of the newborn infant's skin. J. Pediatr. 102:419-425.
    • (1983) J. Pediatr , vol.102 , pp. 419-425
    • Harpin, V.A.1    Rutter, N.2
  • 48
    • 0017163781 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial infections in a newborn intensive-care unit. Results of forty-one months of surveillance
    • Hemming, V. G., J. C. Overall, Jr., and M. R. Britt. 1976. Nosocomial infections in a newborn intensive-care unit. Results of forty-one months of surveillance. N. Engl. J. Med. 294:1310-1316.
    • (1976) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.294 , pp. 1310-1316
    • Hemming, V.G.1    Overall Jr., J.C.2    Britt, M.R.3
  • 49
    • 0028173492 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial infection in a neonatal intensive care unit and its prevention with selective intestinal decolonization: A multivariant evaluation of infection reduction
    • Herruzo-Cabrera, R., J. I. Garcia Gonzalez, P. Garcia-Magan, and J. del Rey-Calero. 1994. Nosocomial infection in a neonatal intensive care unit and its prevention with selective intestinal decolonization: a multivariant evaluation of infection reduction. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 10:573-580.
    • (1994) Eur. J. Epidemiol , vol.10 , pp. 573-580
    • Herruzo-Cabrera, R.1    Garcia Gonzalez, J.I.2    Garcia-Magan, P.3    del Rey-Calero, J.4
  • 50
    • 0032939662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The attributable morbidity and mortality of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the critically ill patient
    • Heyland, D. K., D. J. Cook, L. Griffith, S. P. Keenan, C. Brun-Buisson, et al. 1999. The attributable morbidity and mortality of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the critically ill patient. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 159:1249-1256.
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.159 , pp. 1249-1256
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Cook, D.J.2    Griffith, L.3    Keenan, S.P.4    Brun-Buisson, C.5
  • 51
    • 0036304245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical importance of delays in the initiation of appropriate antibiotic treatment for ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Iregui, M., S. Ward, G. Sherman, V. J. Fraser, and M. H. Kollef. 2002. Clinical importance of delays in the initiation of appropriate antibiotic treatment for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 122:262-268.
    • (2002) Chest , vol.122 , pp. 262-268
    • Iregui, M.1    Ward, S.2    Sherman, G.3    Fraser, V.J.4    Kollef, M.H.5
  • 52
    • 0025752574 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia in children
    • Jacobs, R. F. 1991. Nosocomial pneumonia in children. Infection 19:64-72.
    • (1991) Infection , vol.19 , pp. 64-72
    • Jacobs, R.F.1
  • 56
    • 4744341171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of knowledge, beliefs, and practices of neonatal intensive care unit healthcare workers regarding nosocomial infections, central venous catheter care, and hand hygiene
    • Kennedy, A. M., A. M. Elward, and V. J. Fraser. 2004. Survey of knowledge, beliefs, and practices of neonatal intensive care unit healthcare workers regarding nosocomial infections, central venous catheter care, and hand hygiene. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 25:747-752.
    • (2004) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol , vol.25 , pp. 747-752
    • Kennedy, A.M.1    Elward, A.M.2    Fraser, V.J.3
  • 57
    • 0024998773 scopus 로고
    • Effect of endotracheal suctioning on arterial blood gases in children
    • Kerem, E., I. Yatsiv, and K. J. Goitein. 1990. Effect of endotracheal suctioning on arterial blood gases in children. Intensive Care Med. 16:95-99.
    • (1990) Intensive Care Med , vol.16 , pp. 95-99
    • Kerem, E.1    Yatsiv, I.2    Goitein, K.J.3
  • 58
    • 0014005817 scopus 로고
    • Elevation of cord over maternal IgG immunoglobulin: Evidence for an active placental IgG transport
    • Kohler, P. F., and R. S. Farr. 1966. Elevation of cord over maternal IgG immunoglobulin: evidence for an active placental IgG transport. Nature 210:1070-1071.
    • (1966) Nature , vol.210 , pp. 1070-1071
    • Kohler, P.F.1    Farr, R.S.2
  • 59
    • 0032911760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inadequate antimicrobial treatment of infections: A risk factor for hospital mortality among critically ill patients
    • Kollef, M. H., G. Sherman, S. Ward, and V. J. Fraser. 1999. Inadequate antimicrobial treatment of infections: a risk factor for hospital mortality among critically ill patients. Chest 115:462-474.
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , pp. 462-474
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Sherman, G.2    Ward, S.3    Fraser, V.J.4
  • 61
    • 2942715051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce respiratory infections and mortality in adults receiving intensive care
    • CD000022
    • Liberati, A., R. D'Amico, Pifferi, V. Torri, and L. Brazzi. 2004. Antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce respiratory infections and mortality in adults receiving intensive care. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2004(1):CD000022.
    • (2004) Cochrane Database Syst. Rev , vol.2004 , Issue.1
    • Liberati, A.1    D'Amico, R.2    Pifferi3    Torri, V.4    Brazzi, L.5
  • 62
    • 0036278184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia and upper airway colonisation with gram negative bacilli: The role of stress ulcer prophylaxis in children
    • Lopriore, E., D. G. Markhorst, and R. J. Gemke. 2002. Ventilator-associated pneumonia and upper airway colonisation with gram negative bacilli: the role of stress ulcer prophylaxis in children. Intensive Care Med. 28:763-767.
    • (2002) Intensive Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 763-767
    • Lopriore, E.1    Markhorst, D.G.2    Gemke, R.J.3
  • 63
  • 65
    • 0033993577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical antibiotics on tracheostoma prevents exogenous colonization and infection of lower airways in children
    • Morar, P., Z. Makura, A. Jones, P. Baines, A. Selby, J. Hughes, and R. van Saene. 2000. Topical antibiotics on tracheostoma prevents exogenous colonization and infection of lower airways in children. Chest 117:513-518.
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117 , pp. 513-518
    • Morar, P.1    Makura, Z.2    Jones, A.3    Baines, P.4    Selby, A.5    Hughes, J.6    van Saene, R.7
  • 66
    • 0034764636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risks and complications of nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage in a pediatric intensive care unit
    • Morrow, B., and A. Argent. 2001. Risks and complications of nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage in a pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 32:378-384.
    • (2001) Pediatr. Pulmonol , vol.32 , pp. 378-384
    • Morrow, B.1    Argent, A.2
  • 67
    • 7644231771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral health and care in the intensive care unit: State of the science
    • Munro, C. L., and M. J. Grap. 2004. Oral health and care in the intensive care unit: state of the science. Am. J. Crit. Care 13:25-34.
    • (2004) Am. J. Crit. Care , vol.13 , pp. 25-34
    • Munro, C.L.1    Grap, M.J.2
  • 68
    • 9644295892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued October 2004
    • National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System
    • National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. 2004. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued October 2004. Am. J. Infect. Control 32:470-485.
    • (2004) Am. J. Infect. Control , vol.32 , pp. 470-485
  • 69
    • 0032106623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of nosocomial infection in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)
    • Ng, S. P., J. M. Gomez, S. H. Lim, and N. K. Ho. 1998. Reduction of nosocomial infection in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Singapore Med. J. 39:319-323.
    • (1998) Singapore Med. J , vol.39 , pp. 319-323
    • Ng, S.P.1    Gomez, J.M.2    Lim, S.H.3    Ho, N.K.4
  • 73
    • 34247160707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of oral decontamination with chlorhexidine on the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia: A meta-analysis
    • Pineda, L. A., R. G. Saliba, and A. A. El Solh. 2006. Effect of oral decontamination with chlorhexidine on the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia: a meta-analysis. Crit. Care 10:R35.
    • (2006) Crit. Care , vol.10
    • Pineda, L.A.1    Saliba, R.G.2    El Solh, A.A.3
  • 74
    • 0034198905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving compliance with hand hygiene in hospitals
    • Pittet, D. 2000. Improving compliance with hand hygiene in hospitals. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 21:381-386.
    • (2000) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol , vol.21 , pp. 381-386
    • Pittet, D.1
  • 75
    • 0033606097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial contamination of the hands of hospital staff during routine patient care
    • Pittet, D., S. Dharan, S. Touveneau, V. Sauvan, and T. V. Perneger. 1999. Bacterial contamination of the hands of hospital staff during routine patient care. Arch. Intern. Med. 159:821-826.
    • (1999) Arch. Intern. Med , vol.159 , pp. 821-826
    • Pittet, D.1    Dharan, S.2    Touveneau, S.3    Sauvan, V.4    Perneger, T.V.5
  • 76
    • 0034546826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prober, C. G., P. D. Walson, J. Jones, and the Committee on Infectious Diseases and Committee on Drugs. 2000. Technical report: precautions regarding the use of aerosolized antibiotics. Pediatrics 106:e89.
    • Prober, C. G., P. D. Walson, J. Jones, and the Committee on Infectious Diseases and Committee on Drugs. 2000. Technical report: precautions regarding the use of aerosolized antibiotics. Pediatrics 106:e89.
  • 77
    • 0034168028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raymond, J., Y. Aujard, and the European Study Group. 2000. Nosocomial infections in pediatric patients: a European, multicenter prospective study. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 21:260-263.
    • Raymond, J., Y. Aujard, and the European Study Group. 2000. Nosocomial infections in pediatric patients: a European, multicenter prospective study. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 21:260-263.
  • 78
    • 0033111016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Richards, M. J., J. R. Edwards, D. H. Culver, R. P. Gaynes, and the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. 1999. Nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units in the United States. Pediatrics 103:e39.
    • Richards, M. J., J. R. Edwards, D. H. Culver, R. P. Gaynes, and the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. 1999. Nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units in the United States. Pediatrics 103:e39.
  • 79
    • 0028852074 scopus 로고
    • Role of bronchoalveolar lavage in children with lung disease
    • Riedler, J., J. Grigg, and C. F. Robertson. 1995. Role of bronchoalveolar lavage in children with lung disease. Eur. Respir. J. 8:1725-1730.
    • (1995) Eur. Respir. J , vol.8 , pp. 1725-1730
    • Riedler, J.1    Grigg, J.2    Robertson, C.F.3
  • 81
    • 0031765941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of nosocomial infection in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) through the use of selective digestive decontamination
    • Ruza, F., F. Alvarado, R. Herruzo, M. A. Delgado, S. Garcia, P. Dorao, and F. Goded. 1998. Prevention of nosocomial infection in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) through the use of selective digestive decontamination. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 14:719-727.
    • (1998) Eur. J. Epidemiol , vol.14 , pp. 719-727
    • Ruza, F.1    Alvarado, F.2    Herruzo, R.3    Delgado, M.A.4    Garcia, S.5    Dorao, P.6    Goded, F.7
  • 83
    • 0031225237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shlaes, D. M., D. N. Gerding, J. F. John, Jr., W. A. Craig, D. L. Bornstein, R. A. Duncan, M. R. Eckman, W. E. Farrer, W. H. Greene, V. Lorian, S. Levy, J. E. McGowan, Jr., S. M. Paul, J. Ruskin, F. C. Tenover, and C. Watanakunakorn. 1997. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and Infectious Diseases Society of America Joint Committee on the Prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance: guidelines for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals. Clin. Infect. Dis. 25:584-599.
    • Shlaes, D. M., D. N. Gerding, J. F. John, Jr., W. A. Craig, D. L. Bornstein, R. A. Duncan, M. R. Eckman, W. E. Farrer, W. H. Greene, V. Lorian, S. Levy, J. E. McGowan, Jr., S. M. Paul, J. Ruskin, F. C. Tenover, and C. Watanakunakorn. 1997. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and Infectious Diseases Society of America Joint Committee on the Prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance: guidelines for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals. Clin. Infect. Dis. 25:584-599.
  • 84
    • 12244294489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive approaches to the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A meta-analysis
    • Shorr, A. F., J. H. Sherner, W. L. Jackson, and M. H. Kollef. 2005. Invasive approaches to the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a meta-analysis. Crit. Care Med. 33:46-53.
    • (2005) Crit. Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 46-53
    • Shorr, A.F.1    Sherner, J.H.2    Jackson, W.L.3    Kollef, M.H.4
  • 85
    • 0033837067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-course empirical antibiotic therapy for patients with pulmonary infiltrates in the intensive care unit: A proposed solution for indiscriminate antibiotic prescription
    • Singh, N., P. Rogers, C. W. Atwood, M. M. Wagener, and V. L. Yu. 2000. Short-course empirical antibiotic therapy for patients with pulmonary infiltrates in the intensive care unit: a proposed solution for indiscriminate antibiotic prescription. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 162:505-511.
    • (2000) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.162 , pp. 505-511
    • Singh, N.1    Rogers, P.2    Atwood, C.W.3    Wagener, M.M.4    Yu, V.L.5
  • 86
    • 0036517418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial growth in secretions and on suctioning equipment of orally intubated patients: A pilot study
    • Sole, M. L., F. E. Poalillo, J. F. Byers, and J. E. Ludy. 2002. Bacterial growth in secretions and on suctioning equipment of orally intubated patients: a pilot study. Am. J. Crit. Care 11:141-149.
    • (2002) Am. J. Crit. Care , vol.11 , pp. 141-149
    • Sole, M.L.1    Poalillo, F.E.2    Byers, J.F.3    Ludy, J.E.4
  • 87
    • 0020263483 scopus 로고
    • Criteria for the discontinuation of antibiotic therapy during presumptive treatment of suspected neonatal infection
    • Squire, E. N., Jr., H. M. Reich, G. B. Merenstein, B. E. Favara, and J. K. Todd. 1982. Criteria for the discontinuation of antibiotic therapy during presumptive treatment of suspected neonatal infection. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. 1:85-90.
    • (1982) Pediatr. Infect. Dis , vol.1 , pp. 85-90
    • Squire Jr., E.N.1    Reich, H.M.2    Merenstein, G.B.3    Favara, B.E.4    Todd, J.K.5
  • 88
    • 0034985046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stover, B. H., S. T. Shulman, D. F. Bratcher, M. T. Brady, G. L. Levine, W. R. Jarvis, and the Pediatric Prevention Network. 2001. Nosocomial infection rates in US children's hospitals' neonatal and pediatric intensive care units. Am. J. Infect. Control 29:152-157.
    • Stover, B. H., S. T. Shulman, D. F. Bratcher, M. T. Brady, G. L. Levine, W. R. Jarvis, and the Pediatric Prevention Network. 2001. Nosocomial infection rates in US children's hospitals' neonatal and pediatric intensive care units. Am. J. Infect. Control 29:152-157.
  • 89
    • 1642525257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for preventing health-care-associated pneumonia, 2003: Recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee
    • CDC, and Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee
    • Tablan, O. C., L. J. Anderson, R. Besser, C. Bridges, R. Hajjeh, CDC, and Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. 2004. Guidelines for preventing health-care-associated pneumonia, 2003: recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. Recomm. Rep. 53:1-36.
    • (2004) Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. Recomm. Rep , vol.53 , pp. 1-36
    • Tablan, O.C.1    Anderson, L.J.2    Besser, R.3    Bridges, C.4    Hajjeh, R.5
  • 91
    • 0033030907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors that predict preexisting colonization with antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacilli in patients admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit
    • Toltzis, P., C. Hoyen, S. Spinner-Block, A. E. Salvator, and L. B. Rice. 1999. Factors that predict preexisting colonization with antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacilli in patients admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatrics 103:719-723.
    • (1999) Pediatrics , vol.103 , pp. 719-723
    • Toltzis, P.1    Hoyen, C.2    Spinner-Block, S.3    Salvator, A.E.4    Rice, L.B.5
  • 92
    • 0034970422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial acquisition and transmission of antibiotic-resistant gram-negative organisms in the pediatric intensive care unit
    • Toltzis, P., and J. L. Blumer. 2001. Nosocomial acquisition and transmission of antibiotic-resistant gram-negative organisms in the pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 20:612-618.
    • (2001) Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J , vol.20 , pp. 612-618
    • Toltzis, P.1    Blumer, J.L.2
  • 93
    • 0030984574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonization with antibiotic-resistant gram-negative organisms in a pediatric intensive care unit
    • Toltzis, P., T. Yamashita, L. Vilt, and J. L. Blumer. 1997. Colonization with antibiotic-resistant gram-negative organisms in a pediatric intensive care unit. Crit. Care Med. 25:538-544.
    • (1997) Crit. Care Med , vol.25 , pp. 538-544
    • Toltzis, P.1    Yamashita, T.2    Vilt, L.3    Blumer, J.L.4
  • 96
    • 0031834907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shift in antibiotic prescribing patterns in relation to antibiotic expenditure in paediatrics
    • van Houten, M. A., M. Laseur, and J. L. Kimpen. 1998. Shift in antibiotic prescribing patterns in relation to antibiotic expenditure in paediatrics. Eur. J. Pediatr. 157:479-481.
    • (1998) Eur. J. Pediatr , vol.157 , pp. 479-481
    • van Houten, M.A.1    Laseur, M.2    Kimpen, J.L.3
  • 97
    • 0035908622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between methodological trial quality and the effects of selective digestive decontamination on pneumonia and mortality in critically ill patients
    • van Nieuwenhoven, C. A., E. Buskens, F. H. van Tiel, and M. J. Bonten. 2001. Relationship between methodological trial quality and the effects of selective digestive decontamination on pneumonia and mortality in critically ill patients. JAMA 286:335-340.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.286 , pp. 335-340
    • van Nieuwenhoven, C.A.1    Buskens, E.2    van Tiel, F.H.3    Bonten, M.J.4
  • 100
    • 0242552187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linezolid vs vancomycin: Analysis of two double-blind studies of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia
    • Wunderink, R. G., J. Rello, S. K. Cammarata, R. V. Croos-Dabrera, and M. H. Kollef. 2003. Linezolid vs vancomycin: analysis of two double-blind studies of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia. Chest 124:1789-1797.
    • (2003) Chest , vol.124 , pp. 1789-1797
    • Wunderink, R.G.1    Rello, J.2    Cammarata, S.K.3    Croos-Dabrera, R.V.4    Kollef, M.H.5
  • 101
    • 0036897785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in mechanically ventilated pediatric intensive care patients during stress ulcer prophylaxis with sucralfate, ranitidine, and omeprazole
    • Yildizdas, D., H. Yapicioglu, and H. L. Yilmaz. 2002. Occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in mechanically ventilated pediatric intensive care patients during stress ulcer prophylaxis with sucralfate, ranitidine, and omeprazole. J. Crit. Care 17:240-245.
    • (2002) J. Crit. Care , vol.17 , pp. 240-245
    • Yildizdas, D.1    Yapicioglu, H.2    Yilmaz, H.L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.