Windows on the human body - in Vivo high-field magnetic resonance research and applications in medicine and psychology

Sensors

Volumn 10, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 5724-5757

  Moser, Ewald ^a,b   Meyerspeer, Martin ^a,b   Fischmeister, Florian Ph S ^a,b,c   Grabner, Günther ^a   Bauer, Herbert ^c   Trattnig, Siegfried ^a  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

^b Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Optical Imaging and its Translation to Medicine   (Austria)

^c UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

Author keywords

1H; 23Na; 31P; Brain; Cartilage; EEG; fMRI; Joints; Magnetic field strength; Magnetic resonance; MRI; MRS; Multi modal imaging; SCP; Sensors; Skeletal muscle; SWI

Indexed keywords

1H; FMRI; MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTHS; MRS; MULTI-MODAL IMAGING; SCP; SKELETAL MUSCLE; SWI;

BIOMAGNETISM; BRAIN; CARTILAGE; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; JOINTS (STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS); MAGNETIC RESONANCE; RESEARCH; SENSORS;

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING;

ART; ARTICLE; BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; CARTILAGE; CHEMISTRY; HUMAN; INSTRUMENTATION; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MEDICINE; METHODOLOGY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PSYCHOLOGY; RADIOGRAPHY; SKELETAL MUSCLE; UTILIZATION REVIEW;

BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH; BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; CARTILAGE; HUMAN BODY; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MEDICINE; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; PSYCHOLOGY;

EID: 77954784986     PISSN: 14248220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/s100605724     Document Type: Article

References (132)

1. Moser, E. Ultra-high-field Magnetic Resonance: why and when? World J. Radiol. 2010, 2, 37-40.
2. Ugurbil, K.; Adriany, G.; Andersen, P.; Chen, W.; Garwood, M.; Gruetter, R.; Henry, P.G.; Kim, S.G.; Lieu, H.; Tkac, I.; Vaughan, T.; van De Moortele, P.F.; Yacoub, E.; Zhu, X.H. Ultrahigh field magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003, 21, 1263-1281.
3. De Graaf, R A. In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy: Principles and Techniques; Wiley: Chichester, UK; New York, NY, USA, 1998; xxi, p. 508.
4. Haacke, E.M. Magnetic resonance imaging: physical principles and sequence design. Wiley & Sons: New York, NY, USA, 1999; p. xxvii, p. 914.
5. Filippi, M. fMRI Techniques and Protocols; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 2009; xiii, p. 843.
6. He, J.; Farias, S.; Martinez, O.; Reed, B.; Mungas, D.; Decarli, C. Differences in brain volume, hippocampal volume, cerebrovascular risk factors, and apolipoprotein E4 among mild cognitive impairment subtypes. Arch. Neurol. 2009, 66, 1393-1399.
7. Knoops, A.J.; van der Graaf, Y.; Appelman, A.P.; Mali, W.P.; Geerlings, M.I. Total cerebral blood flow and hippocampal volume in patients with arterial disease. The SMART-MR study. J Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 2009, 29, 1727-1733.
8. de Lange, E.E.; Mugler, J.P.; Bertolina, J.A.; Gay, S.B.; Janus, C.L.; Brookeman, J.R. Magnetization prepared rapid gradient-echo (MP-RAGE) MR imaging of the liver: comparison with spin-echo imaging. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1991, 9, 469-476.
9. Hennig, J.; Nauerth, A.; Friedburg, H. RARE imaging: a fast imaging method for clinical MR. Magn. Reson. Med. 1986, 3, 823-833.
10. Weigel, M.; Hennig, J. Contrast behavior and relaxation effects of conventional and hyperechoturbo spin echo sequences at 1.5 and 3 T. Magn. Reson. Med. 2006, 55, 826-835.
11. Haacke, E.M.; Xu, Y.; Cheng, Y.C.; Reichenbach, J.R. Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). Magn. Reson. Med. 2004, 52, 612-618.
12. Cho, Z.H.; Min, H.K.; Oh, S.H.; Han, J.Y.; Park, C.W.; Chi, J.G.; Kim, Y.B.; Paek, S.H.; Lozano, A.M.; Lee, K.H. Direct visualization of deep brain stimulation targets in Parkinson disease with the use of 7-tesla magnetic resonance imaging. J. Neurosurg. 2010, doi:10.3171/2010.3.JNS091385.
13. Theysohn, J.M.; Kraff, O.; Maderwald, S.; Schlamann, M.U.; de Greiff, A.; Forsting, M.; Ladd, S.C.; Ladd, M.E.; Gizewski, E.R. The human hippocampus at 7 T-in vivo MRI. Hippocampus 2009, 19, 1-7.
14. Calvini, P.; Chincarini, A.; Gemme, G.; Penco, M.A.; Squarcia, S.; Nobili, F.; Rodriguez, G.; Bellotti, R.; Catanzariti, E.; Cerello, P.; De Mitri, I.; Fantacci, M.E. Automatic analysis of medial temporal lobe atrophy from structural MRIs for the early assessment of Alzheimer disease. Med. Phys. 2009, 36, 3737-3747.
15. Nakada, T.; Matsuzawa, H.; Igarashi, H.; Fujii, Y.; Kwee, I.L. In vivo visualization of senileplaque-like pathology in Alzheimer's disease patients by MR microscopy on a 7T system. J Neuroimaging 2008, 18, 125-129.
16. Reichenbach, J.R.; Barth, M.; Haacke, E.M.; Klarhofer, M.; Kaiser, W.A.; Moser, E. Highresolution MR venography at 3.0 Tesla. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 2000, 24, 949-957.
17. Lee, B.C.; Vo, K.D.; Kido, D.K.; Mukherjee, P.; Reichenbach, J.; Lin, W.; Yoon, M.S.; Haacke, M. MR high-resolution blood oxygenation level-dependent venography of occult (low-flow) vascular lesions. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 1999, 20, 1239-1242.
18. Essig, M.; Reichenbach, J.R.; Schad, L.R.; Schoenberg, S.O.; Debus, J.; Kaiser, W.A. Highresolution MR venography of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999, 17, 1417-1425.
19. Tan, I.L.; van Schijndel, R.A.; Pouwels, P.J.; van Walderveen, M.A.; Reichenbach, J.R.; Manoliu, R.A.; Barkhof, F. MR venography of multiple sclerosis. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2000, 21, 1039-1042.
20. Barth, M.; Nobauer-Huhmann, I.M.; Reichenbach, J.R.; Mlynarik, V.; Schoggl, A.; Matula, C.; Trattnig, S. High-resolution three-dimensional contrast-enhanced blood oxygenation leveldependent magnetic resonance venography of brain tumors at 3 Tesla: first clinical experience and comparison with 1.5 Tesla. Invest. Radiol. 2003, 38, 409-414.
21. Schad, L.R. Improved target volume characterization in stereotactic treatment planning of brain lesions by using high-resolution BOLD MR-venography. NMR Biomed. 2001, 14, 478-483.
22. Haacke, E.M.; Cheng, N.Y.; House, M.J.; Liu, Q.; Neelavalli, J.; Ogg, R.J.; Khan, A.; Ayaz, M.; Kirsch, W.; Obenaus, A. Imaging iron stores in the brain using magnetic resonance imaging. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005, 23, 1-25.
23. Shmueli, K.; de Zwart, J.A.; van Gelderen, P.; Li, T.Q.; Dodd, S.J.; Duyn, J.H. Magnetic susceptibility mapping of brain tissue in vivo using MRI phase data. Magn. Reson. Med. 2009, 62, 1510-1522.
24. Grabner, G.; Haubenberger, D.; Rath, J.; Beisteiner, R.; Auff, E.; Trattnig, S.; Barth, M. A Population-Specific Symmetric Phase Model to Automatically Analyze Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (SWI) Phase Shifts and Phase Symmetry in the Human Brain. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009, 31, 215-220.
25. Eckstein, F.; Charles, H.C.; Buck, R.J.; Kraus, V.B.; Remmers, A.E.; Hudelmaier, M.; Wirth, W.; Evelhoch, J.L. Accuracy and precision of quantitative assessment of cartilage morphology by magnetic resonance imaging at 3.0T. Arthritis Rheum. 2005, 52, 3132-3136.
26. Chang, G.; Regatte, R.R.; Schweitzer, M.E., Olympic fencers: adaptations in cortical and trabecular bone determined by quantitative computed tomography. Osteoporos. Int. 2009, 20, 779-785.
27. Goldstein, S.A.; Goulet, R.; McCubbrey, D. Measurement and significance of three-dimensional architecture to the mechanical integrity of trabecular bone. Calcif. Tissue Int. 1993, 53 Suppl 1, S127-132; discussion S132-123.
28. Kleerekoper, M.; Villanueva, A.R.; Stanciu, J.; Rao, D.S.; Parfitt, A.M. The role of threedimensional trabecular microstructure in the pathogenesis of vertebral compression fractures. Calcif. Tissue Int. 1985, 37, 594-597.
29. Borah, B.; Dufresne, T.E.; Chmielewski, P.A.; Gross, G.J.; Prenger, M.C.; Phipps, R.J. Risedronate preserves trabecular architecture and increases bone strength in vertebra of ovariectomized minipigs as measured by three-dimensional microcomputed tomography. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2002, 17, 1139-1147.
30. Ding, M.; Odgaard, A.; Linde, F.; Hvid, I. Age-related variations in the microstructure of human tibial cancellous bone. J. Orthop. Res. 2002, 20, 615-621.
31. Langenberger, H.; Shimizu, Y.; Windischberger, C.; Grampp, S.; Berg, A.; Ferlitsch, K.; Moser, E. Bone homogeneity factor: an advanced tool for the assessment of osteoporotic bone structure in high-resolution magnetic resonance images. Invest. Radiol. 2003, 38, 467-472.
32. Krug, R.; Carballido-Gamio, J.; Banerjee, S.; Burghardt, A.J.; Link, T.M.; Majumdar, S. In vivo ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging of trabecular bone microarchitecture at 7 T. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008, 27, 854-859.
33. Stahl, R.; Krug, R.; Kelley, D.A.; Zuo, J.; Ma, C.B.; Majumdar, S.; Link, T.M. Assessment of cartilage-dedicated sequences at ultra-high-field MRI: comparison of imaging performance and diagnostic confidence between 3.0 and 7.0 T with respect to osteoarthritis-induced changes at the knee joint. Skeletal. Radiol. 2009, 38, 771-783.
34. Kraff, O.; Theysohn, J.M.; Maderwald, S.; Saylor, C.; Ladd, S.C.; Ladd, M.E.; Barkhausen, J. MRI of the knee at 7.0 Tesla. Rofo 2007, 179, 1231-1235.
35. Bauer, J.S.; Monetti, R.; Krug, R.; Matsuura, M.; Mueller, D.; Eckstein, F.; Rummeny, E.J.; Lochmueller, E.M.; Raeth, C.W.; Link, T.M. Advances of 3T MR imaging in visualizing trabecular bone structure of the calcaneus are partially SNR-independent: analysis using simulated noise in relation to micro-CT, 1.5T MRI, and biomechanical strength. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009, 29, 132-140.
36. Bauer, J.S.; Banerjee, S.; Henning, T.D.; Krug, R.; Majumdar, S.; Link, T.M. Fast high-spatialresolution MRI of the ankle with parallel imaging using GRAPPA at 3 T. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 2007, 189, 240-245.
37. Barr, C.; Bauer, J.S.; Malfair, D.; Ma, B.; Henning, T.D.; Steinbach, L.; Link, T.M. MR imaging of the ankle at 3 Tesla and 1.5 Tesla: protocol optimization and application to cartilage, ligament and tendon pathology in cadaver specimens. Eur. Radiol. 2007, 17, 1518-1528.
38. Banerjee, S.; Choudhury, S.; Han, E.T.; Brau, A.C.; Morze, C.V.; Vigneron, D.B.; Majumdar, S. Autocalibrating parallel imaging of in vivo trabecular bone microarchitecture at 3 Tesla. Magn. Reson. Med. 2006, 56, 1075-1084.
39. Banerjee, S.; Krug, R.; Carballido-Gamio, J.; Kelley, D.A.; Xu, D.; Vigneron, D.B.; Majumdar, S. Rapid in vivo musculoskeletal MR with parallel imaging at 7T. Magn. Reson. Med. 2008, 59, 655-660.
40. Anderson, M.L.; Skinner, J.A.; Felmlee, J.P.; Berger, R.A.; Amrami, K.K. Diagnostic comparison of 1.5 Tesla and 3.0 Tesla preoperative MRI of the wrist in patients with ulnar-sided wrist pain. J. Hand Surg. Am. 2008, 33, 1153-1159.
41. Lenk, S.; Ludescher, B.; Martirosan, P.; Schick, F.; Claussen, C.D.; Schlemmer, H.P. 3.0 T highresolution MR imaging of carpal ligaments and TFCC. Rofo 2004, 176, 664-667.
42. Farooki, S.; Ashman, C.J.; Yu, J.S.; Abduljalil, A.; Chakeres, D. In vivo high-resolution MR imaging of the carpal tunnel at 8.0 tesla. Skeletal. Radiol. 2002, 31, 445-450.
43. Behr, B.; Stadler, J.; Michaely, H.J.; Damert, H.G.; Schneider, W. MR imaging of the human hand and wrist at 7 T. Skeletal. Radiol.2009, 38, 911-917.
44. Friedrich, K.M.; Chang, G.; Vieira, R.L.; Wang, L.; Wiggins, G.C.; Schweitzer, M.E.; Regatte, R.R. In vivo 7.0-tesla magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist and hand: technical aspects and applications. Semin. Musculoskelet. Radiol.2009, 13, 74-84.
45. Logothetis, N.K.; Wandell, B.A. Interpreting the BOLD signal. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2004, 66, 735-769.
46. Merboldt, K.D.; Fransson, P.; Bruhn, H.; Frahm, J. Functional MRI of the human amygdala? Neuroimage 2001, 14, 253-257.
47. Robinson, S.; Windischberger, C.; Rauscher, A.; Moser, E. Optimized 3 T EPI of the amygdalae. Neuroimage 2004, 22, 203-210.
48. Robinson, S.D.; Pripfl, J.; Bauer, H.; Moser, E. The impact of EPI voxel size on SNR and BOLD sensitivity in the anterior medio-temporal lobe: a comparative group study of deactivation of the Default Mode. MAGMA 2008, 21, 279-290.
49. Windischberger, C.; Cunnington, R.; Lamm, C.; Lanzenberger, R.; Langenberger, H.; Deecke, L.; Bauer, H.; Moser, E. Time-resolved analysis of fMRI signal changes using Brain Activation Movies. J. Neurosci. Methods 2008, 169, 222-230.
50. Biswal, B.; Yetkin, F.Z.; Haughton, V.M.; Hyde, J.S. Functional connectivity in the motor cortex of resting human brain using echo-planar MRI. Magn. Reson. Med. 1995, 34, 537-541.
51. Greicius, M.D.; Krasnow, B.; Reiss, A.L.; Menon, V. Functional connectivity in the resting brain: a network analysis of the default mode hypothesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003, 100, 253-258.
52. Damoiseaux, J.S.; Rombouts, S.A.; Barkhof, F.; Scheltens, P.; Stam, C.J.; Smith, S.M.; Beckmann, C.F. Consistent resting-state networks across healthy subjects. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103, 13848-13853.
53. Robinson, S.; Basso, G.; Soldati, N.; Sailer, U.; Jovicich, J.; Bruzzone, L.; Kryspin-Exner, I.; Bauer, H.; Moser, E. A resting state network in the motor control circuit of the basal ganglia. BMC Neurosci. 2009, 10, 137.
54. Greicius, M.D.; Boyett-Anderson, J.M.; Menon, V.; Reiss, A.L. Reduced basal forebrain and hippocampal activation during memory encoding in girls with fragile X syndrome. Neuroreport 2004, 15, 1579-1583.
55. Weissenbacher, A.; Kasess, C.; Gerstl, F.; Lanzenberger, R.; Moser, E.; Windischberger, C. Correlations and anticorrelations in resting-state functional connectivity MRI: a quantitative comparison of preprocessing strategies. Neuroimage 2009, 47, 1408-1416.
56. Kouider, S.; Dehaene, S. Levels of processing during non-conscious perception: a critical review of visual masking. Philos. Trans. R Soc. Lond B Biol. Sci. 2007, 362, 857-875.
57. Paus, T. Functional anatomy of arousal and attention systems in the human brain. Prog. Brain Res. 2000, 126, 65-77.
58. Dehaene, S.; Changeux, J.P.; Naccache, L.; Sackur, J.; Sergent, C. Conscious, preconscious, and subliminal processing: a testable taxonomy. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2006, 10, 204-211.
59. Zeki, S. The disunity of consciousness. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2003, 7, 214-218.
60. Hamalainen, M.S.; Ilmoniemi, R.J. Interpreting magnetic fields of the brain: minimum norm estimates. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 1994, 32, 35-42.
61. Pascual-Marqui, R.D. Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA): technical details. Methods Find Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. 2002, 24, Suppl D, 5-12.
62. Ives, J.R.; Warach, S.; Schmitt, F.; Edelman, R.R.; Schomer, D.L. Monitoring the patient's EEG during echo planar MRI. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1993, 87, 417-420.
63. Rosenkranz, K.; Lemieux, L. Present and future of simultaneous EEG-fMRI. MAGMA 2010, doi:10.1007/s10334-009-0196-9.
64. Debener, S.; Mullinger, K.J.; Niazy, R.K.; Bowtell, R.W. Properties of the ballistocardiogram artefact as revealed by EEG recordings at 1.5, 3 and 7 T static magnetic field strength. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2008, 67, 189-199.
65. Yan, W.X.; Mullinger, K.J.; Brookes, M.J.; Bowtell, R. Understanding gradient artefacts in simultaneous EEG/fMRI. Neuroimage 2009, 46, 459-471.
66. Ritter, P.; Villringer, A. Simultaneous EEG-fMRI. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2006, 30, 823-838.
67. Fields, R.D.; Stevens, B. ATP: an extracellular signaling molecule between neurons and glia. Trends Neurosci. 2000, 23, 625-633.
68. Fields, R.D.; Stevens-Graham, B. New insights into neuron-glia communication. Science 2002, 298, 556-562.
69. Logothetis, N.K. The neural basis of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging signal. Philos. Trans. R Soc. Lond B Biol. Sci. 2002, 357, 1003-1037.
70. Lamm, C.; Windischberger, C.; Leodolter, U.; Moser, E.; Bauer, H. Evidence for premotor cortex activity during dynamic visuospatial imagery from single-trial functional magnetic resonance imaging and event-related slow cortical potentials. Neuroimage 2001, 14, 268-283.
71. Khader, P.; Schicke, T.; Roder, B.; Rosler, F. On the relationship between slow cortical potentials and BOLD signal changes in humans. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2008, 67, 252-261.
72. He, B.J.; Snyder, A.Z.; Zempel, J.M.; Smyth, M.D.; Raichle, M.E. Electrophysiological correlates of the brain's intrinsic large-scale functional architecture. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2008, 105, 16039-16044.
73. Mankin, H.J. Biochemical and metabolic aspects of osteoarthritis. Orthop. Clin. North. Am. 1971, 2, 19-31.
74. Roughley, P.J.; Lee, E.R. Cartilage proteoglycans: structure and potential functions. Microsc. Res. Tech. 1994, 28, 385-397.
75. Lohmander, L.S. Articular cartilage and osteoarthrosis. The role of molecular markers to monitor breakdown, repair and disease. J. Anat. 1994, 184, 477-492.
76. Grushko, G.; Schneiderman, R.; Maroudas, A. Some biochemical and biophysical parameters for the study of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: a comparison between the processes of ageing and degeneration in human hip cartilage. Connect. Tissue Res. 1989, 19, 149-176.
77. Maroudas, A.; Muir, H.; Wingham, J. The correlation of fixed negative charge with glycosaminoglycan content of human articular cartilage. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1969, 177, 492-500.
78. Borthakur, A.; Shapiro, E.M.; Beers, J.; Kudchodkar, S.; Kneeland, J.B.; Reddy, R. Sensitivity of MRI to proteoglycan depletion in cartilage: comparison of sodium and proton MRI. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2000, 8, 288-293.
79. Shapiro, E.M.; Borthakur, A.; Gougoutas, A.; Reddy, R. 23Na MRI accurately measures fixed charge density in articular cartilage. Magn. Reson. Med. 2002, 47, 284-291.
80. Borthakur, A.; Shapiro, E.M.; Akella, S.V.; Gougoutas, A.; Kneeland, J.B.; Reddy, R. Quantifying sodium in the human wrist in vivo by using MR imaging. Radiology 2002, 224, 598-602.
81. Lesperance, L.M.; Gray, M.L.; Burstein, D. Determination of fixed charge density in cartilage using nuclear magnetic resonance. J. Orthop. Res. 1992, 10, 1-13.
82. Shapiro, E.M.; Borthakur, A.; Dandora, R.; Kriss, A.; Leigh, J.S.; Reddy, R. Sodium visibility and quantitation in intact bovine articular cartilage using high field 23Na MRI and MRS. J. Magn. Reson. 2000, 142, 24-31.
83. Burstein, D.; Velyvis, J.; Scott, K.T.; Stock, K.W.; Kim, Y.J.; Jaramillo, D.; Boutin, R.D.; Gray, M.L. Protocol issues for delayed Gd(DTPA)(2-)-enhanced MRI: (dGEMRIC) for clinical evaluation of articular cartilage. Magn. Reson. Med. 2001, 45, 36-41.
84. Kemp, G.J.; Meyerspeer, M.; Moser, E. Absolute quantitation of phosphorus metabolite concentrations in human muscle in vivo by 31P MRS: a quantitative review. NMR Biomed. 2007, 20, 555-565.
85. Meyerspeer, M.; Kemp, G.J.; Mlynarik, V.; Krssak, M.; Szendroedi, J.; Nowotny, P.; Roden, M.; Moser, E. Direct noninvasive quantification of lactate and high energy phosphates simultaneously in exercising human skeletal muscle by localized magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn. Reson. Med. 2007, 57, 654-660.
86. Schmid, A.I.; Chmelik, M.; Szendroedi, J.; Krssak, M.; Brehm, A.; Moser, E.; Roden, M. Quantitative ATP synthesis in human liver measured by localized 31P spectroscopy using the magnetization transfer experiment. NMR Biomed. 2008, 21, 437-443.
87. Gruber, S.; Pinker, K.; Riederer, F.; Chmelík, M.; Stadlbauer, A.; Bittsansky, M.; Mlynárik, V.; Frey, R.; Serles, W.; Bodamer, O.; Moser, E. Metabolic changes in the normal ageing brain: consistent findings from short and long echo time proton spectroscopy. Eur. J. Radiol. 2008, 68, 320-327.
88. Szendroedi, J.; Schmid, A.I.; Meyerspeer, M.; Cervin, C.; Kacerovsky, M.; Smekal, G.; Gräser-Lang, S.; Groop, L.; Roden, M. Impaired mitochondrial function and insulin resistance of skeletal muscle in mitochondrial diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009, 32, 677-679.
89. 31P NMRS study on mechanism of amino acid-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance in humans. Proc. Intl. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med. (ISMRM), 10th Annual Meeting 2002, 10, 170.
90. Stadlbauer, A.; Gruber, S.; Nimsky, C.; Fahlbusch, R.; Hammen, T.; Buslei, R.; Tomandl, B.; Moser, E.; Ganslandt, O. Preoperative grading of gliomas by using metabolite quantification with high-spatial-resolution proton MR spectroscopic imaging. Radiology 2006, 238, 958-969.
91. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2000, 85, 748-754.
92. Schick, F.; Eismann, B.; Jung, W.I.; Bongers, H.; Bunse, M.; Lutz, O. Comparison of localized proton NMR signals of skeletal muscle and fat tissue in vivo: two lipid compartments in muscle tissue. Magn. Reson. Med. 1993, 29, 158-167.
93. 1H-MRS in investigating the metabolism of the activated human visual cortex at 7 T. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006, 24, 343-348.
94. 1H NMR spectroscopy of the human brain at 7 T. Magn. Reson. Med. 2001, 46, 451-456.
95. Mangia, S.; Giove, F.; Tkac, I.; Logothetis, N.K.; Henry, P.G.; Olman, C.A.; Maraviglia, B.; Di Salle, F.; Ugurbil, K. Metabolic and hemodynamic events after changes in neuronal activity: current hypotheses, theoretical predictions and in vivo NMR experimental findings. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 2009, 29, 441-463.
96. 1H NMR spectroscopy of the human brain at high magnetic fields: metabolite quantification at 4T vs. 7T. Magn. Reson. Med. 2009, 62, 868-879.
97. 1H-MRSI of the human brain at 7 T with slice-selective adiabatic refocusing pulses. MAGMA 2008, 21, 95-101.
98. Gruber, S.; Stadlbauer, A.; Mlynarík, V.; Gatterbauer, B.; Roessler, K.; Moser, E. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in brain tumor diagnosis. Neurosurg. Clin. N Am. 2005, 16, 101-114.
99. Bogner, W.; Gruber, S.; Doelken, M.; Stadlbauer, A.; Ganslandt, O.; Boettcher, U.; Trattnig, S.; Doerfler, A.; Stefan, H.; Hammen, T. In vivo quantification of intracerebral GABA by singlevoxel 1H-MRS-How reproducible are the results. Eur. J. Radiol. 2009, 73, 526-531.
100. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies of skeletal muscle: an analytical review. Magn. Reson. Q 1994, 10, 43-63.
101. Du, F.; Zhu, X.H.; Qiao, H.; Zhang, X.; Chen, W. Efficient in vivo 31P magnetization transfer approach for noninvasively determining multiple kinetic parameters and metabolic fluxes of ATP metabolism in the human brain. Magn. Reson. Med. 2007, 57, 103-114.
102. Meyer, R.A. A linear model of muscle respiration explains monoexponential phosphocreatine changes. Am. J. Physiol. 1988, 254, C548-553.
103. Meyerspeer, M.; Scheenen, T.; Moser, E., Dynamic 31P MRS of exercising human muscle in a 7 T whole body system, with STEAM and semi-LASER localisation Proc. Intl. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med (ISMRM), 17th Annual Meeting 2009, # 2590.
104. Chance, B.; Leigh, J.S.; Kent, J.; McCully, K.; Nioka, S.; Clark, B.J.; Maris, J.M.; Graham, T. Multiple controls of oxidative metabolism in living tissues as studied by phosphorus magnetic resonance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1986, 83, 9458-9462.
105. Kemp, G.J. Studying metabolic regulation in human muscle. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2000, 28, 100-103.
106. 31P STEAM MRS at 3 Tesla using a pneumatic force-controlled plantar flexion exercise rig. Magn. Reson. Mater. Phy. 2005, 18, 257-262.
107. Brillault-Salvat, C.; Giacomini, E.; Jouvensal, L.; Wary, C.; Bloch, G.; Carlier, P.G. Simultaneous determination of muscle perfusion and oxygenation by interleaved NMR plethysmography and deoxymyoglobin spectroscopy. NMR Biomed. 1997, 10, 315-323.
108. Gruetter, R.; Weisdorf, S.A.; Rajanayagan, V.; Terpstra, M.; Merkle, H.; Truwit, C.L.; Garwood, M.; Nyberg, S.L.; Ugurbil, K. Resolution improvements in in vivo 1H NMR spectra with increased magnetic field strength. J. Magn. Reson. 1998, 135, 260-264.
109. 31P-Metabolites in Human Calf Muscle at 3 Tesla. Magn. Reson. Med. 2003, 49, 620-625.
110. 31P relaxation times in the human calf muscle: a comparison between 3 T and 7 T in vivo. Magn. Reson. Med. 2009, 62, 574-582.
111. 23Na (Sodium) Imaging at 7 T-quantification of glycosaminoglycan content in repair tissue of patients after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation in the knee joint: preliminary results. Radiology 2010, accepted.
112. Fischmeister, F.P.; Leodolter, U.; Windischberger, C.; Kasess, C.H.; Schopf, V.; Moser, E.; Bauer, H. Multiple serial picture presentation with millisecond resolution using a three-way LCshutter-tachistoscope. J. Neurosci. Methods 2010, 187, 235-242.
113. Korunka, C.; Gruber, G.; Leodolter, M.; Bauer, H. Technical Requirements for Long-Time DCEEG Recordings. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 1989, 7, 269-270.
114. Schlegelmilch, F.; Schellhorn, K.; Markert, S. A model for on-line correction of DC-EEG measurements during fMRI. Neuroimage 2004, OHBM Abstracts.
115. Bauer, H.; Lauber, W. Operant conditioning of brain steady potential shifts in man. Biofeedback Self-Regul. 1979, 4, 145-154.
116. 31P MRS acquisition in exercising human muscle at 7 T. Proc. Intl. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med. (ISMRM), 18th Annual Meeting 2010, # 4102.
117. Moser, E.; Stadlbauer, A.; Windischberger, C.; Quick, H.H.; Ladd, M.E. Magnetic resonance imaging methodology. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 2009, 36, Suppl 1, S30-41.
118. Bottomley, P.A.; Andrew, E.R. RF magnetic field penetration, phase shift and power dissipation in biological tissue: implications for NMR imaging. Phys. Med. Biol. 1978, 23, 630-643.
119. Bomsdorf, H.; Helzel, T.; Kunz, D.; Röschmann, P.; Tschendel, O.; Wieland, J. Spectroscopy and imaging with a 4 Tesla whole-body MR system. NMR Biomed. 1988, 1, 151-158.
120. van de Moortele, P.-F.; Akgun, C.; Adriany, G.; Moeller, S.; Ritter, J.; Collins, C.M.; Smith, M.B.; Vaughan, J.T.; Ugurbil, K. B1 destructive interferences and spatial phase patterns at 7 T with a head transceiver array coil. Magn. Reson. Med. 2005, 54, 1503-1518.
121. Collins, C.M.; Liu, W.; Schreiber, W.; Yang, Q.X.; Smith, M.B. Central brightening due to constructive interference with, without, and despite dielectric resonance. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005, 21, 192-196.
122. Vaughan, J.T.; Adriany, G.; Snyder, C.J.; Tian, J.; Thiel, T.; Bolinger, L.; Liu, H.; DelaBarre, L.; Ugurbil, K. Efficient high-frequency body coil for high-field MRI. Magn. Reson. Med. 2004, 52, 851-859.
123. Zelinski, A.C.; Wald, L.L.; Setsompop, K.; Goyal, V.K.; Adalsteinsson, E. Sparsity-enforced slice-selective MRI RF excitation pulse design. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 2008, 27, 1213-1229.
124. Vaughan, J.T.; Snyder, C.J.; DelaBarre, L.J.; Bolan, P.J.; Tian, J.; Bolinger, L.; Adriany, G.; Andersen, P.; Strupp, J.; Ugurbil, K. Whole-body imaging at 7 T: preliminary results. Magn. Reson. Med. 2009, 61, 244-248.
125. Katscher, U.; Börnert, P.; Leussler, C.; van den Brink, J. Transmit SENSE. Magn. Reson. Med. 2003, 49, 144-150.
126. Zhu, Y. Parallel excitation with an array of transmit coils. Magn. Reson. Med. 2004, 51, 775-784.
127. Pauly, J.; Nishimura, D.; Macovski, A. A k-space analysis of small-tip angle excitation. J. Magn. Reson. 1989, 81, 43-56.
128. Wang, Z.; Lin, J.C.; Mao, W.; Liu, W.; Smith, M.B.; Collins, C.M. SAR and temperature: simulations and comparison to regulatory limits for MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007, 26, 437-441.
129. Collins, C.M.; Smith, M.B. Calculations of B1 distribution, SNR, and SAR for a surface coil adjacent to an anatomically-accurate human body model. Magn. Reson. Med. 2001, 45, 692-699.
130. Collins, C.M.; Liu, W.; Wang, J.; Gruetter, R.; Vaughan, J.T.; Ugurbil, K.; Smith, M.B. Temperature and SAR calculations for a human head within volume and surface coils at 64 and 300 MHz. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004, 19, 650-656.
131. Chen, C.N.; Sank, V.J.; Cohen, S.M.; Hoult, D.I. The field dependence of NMR imaging. I. Laboratory assessment of signal-to-noise ratio and power deposition. Magn. Reson. Med. 1986, 3, 722-729.
132. Hoult, D.I.; Chen, C.N.; Sank, V.J. The field dependence of NMR imaging. II. Arguments concerning an optimal field strength. Magn. Reson. Med. 1986, 3, 730-746.