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-
Barrelene is an example of a "Möbius" molecule with purely longicydically (σ-type) overlapping p orbitais and an odd number of ring centers. Hence, in one-electron (HMO) theory, it does not show aromatic stabilization as a neutral species, see: H. E. Zimmerman, G. L. Grunewald, R. M. Paufler, M. A Sherwin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 2330.
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For an early experimental attempt to prepare a ground state 4π electron Möbius homoaromatic cation in superacids solutions, see
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Möbius ground state annulene aromaticity, for decades seen as merely hypothetical, was described as "unrealistic"
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f) The first recognition of either Möbius or Hiickel character of molecular orbitais in metallacycles was first articulated in: A. J. Kos, P. von R. Schleyer,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980,102,7928.
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f) Also see for a later report on. neutral Möbius[4n]annulenes, partly based and expanding on Reference [7a]: C. Castro, C. M. Isborn, W. L. Karney, M. Mauksch, P. v. R. Schleyer, Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 3431.
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g) See also for Möbius triplet aromaticity and the generalization of aromaticity rules (which include both Möbius triplet and Möbius antiaromaticity), see Reference [7a]: C. J. Kastrup, S. P. Oldfield, H, S. Rzepa, Chem. Commun. 2002, 642;
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n chirality (n is an odd number, see Ref. [36]) of higher-order twisted charged Möbius annulenes
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The concept of aromatic metallacycles goes back to Calvin and Wilson
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a) The concept of aromatic metallacycles goes back to Calvin and Wilson: M, Calvin, K. W. Wilson, J. Am Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 2003;
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77954342780
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Rzepa (ref. [11a]), in analogy to earlier theoretical anticipations of Kos and Schleyer for bridged doubly lithiated butadiene (Ref. [6f]), suggested a five-membered vanadacyde with a diiminato ligand as a "6π delocalized system with 2π occupancy of a pπ-dπ Craig/Möbius orbital bearing a localized dπ phase shift at the metal atom". In contrast, we describe herein 8π electron Möbius aromatics with two pairs of MO's of Möbius and Hückel character, respectively, and with the phase inversion across the ring opposite to the metal atom
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a) Rzepa (ref. [11a]), in analogy to earlier theoretical anticipations of Kos and Schleyer for bridged doubly lithiated butadiene (Ref. [6f]), suggested a five-membered vanadacyde with a diiminato ligand as a "6π delocalized system with 2π occupancy of a pπ-dπ Craig/Möbius orbital bearing a localized dπ phase shift at the metal atom". In contrast, we describe herein 8π electron Möbius aromatics with two pairs of MO's of Möbius and Hückel character, respectively, and with the phase inversion across the ring opposite to the metal atom,
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b) See for transition metal d-orbital involvement in a twisted π-conjugated macrocycle: H. S. Rzepa, Inorg. Chem. 2008, 47, 8932.
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c) for synthesis of a metallacycloheptatriene, see: M, Paneque, C.M. Posadas, M. L. Pověda, N. Rendón, L. L. Santos, E. Alvarez, V. Salazar, K. Mereiter, E. Oflate,. J. Organomet. Chem. 2003, 682, 204;
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d) these molecules have been frequently proposed as intermediates in cyclotrimerization of alkynes, for example: K. P. C. Vollhardt, R. G. Bergman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 4996;
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79
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77954336830
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The NAOs are, for isolated atoms, identical with the hydrogen-like valence-shell orbitais. In the molecular environment, the natural atomic orbitais are the maximum occupancy "effective" atomic orbitais in a molecule.
-
The NAOs are, for isolated atoms, identical with the hydrogen-like valence-shell orbitais. In the molecular environment, the natural atomic orbitais are the maximum occupancy "effective" atomic orbitais in a molecule.
-
-
-
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80
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77954324950
-
-
- ligand.
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- ligand.
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81
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77954344787
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3] (see Table 1.)
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3] (see Table 1.)
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83
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b) for a review, see: Z. Chen, C. S. Wannere, C. Corminboeuf, R. Puchta, P. v. R. Schleyer, Chem. Rev. 2005,105, 3842;
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86
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77954319320
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ZZ = -7.4 for 1, with a different basis set), see Reference [24 g].
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ZZ = -7.4 for 1, with a different basis set), see Reference [24 g].
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for Möbius-Hückel spectra in an example from classical physics
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56749173599
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A recent work proposed that derivatives of neutral l.H-M.öbius aza[l.l.]annulenes could be lower in energy than conformations with the Hückel topology, see
-
A recent work proposed that derivatives of neutral l.H-M.öbius aza[l.l.]annulenes could be lower in energy than conformations with the Hückel topology, see: M. Mauksch, S. B. Tsogoeva, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2008,5755.
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77954333100
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In cycloheptatetraene was a similar pairing of Hückel and Möbius orbitais computationally found, see Reference [7e].
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In cycloheptatetraene was a similar pairing of Hückel and Möbius orbitais computationally found, see Reference [7e].
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98
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T.M, Krygowski, M, Cyrański, Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10255;
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Krygowski, T.M.1
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101
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77954320264
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2) bond, respectively, see Reference [40a], and references therein
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2) bond, respectively, see Reference [40a], and references therein.
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103
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0032655197
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a) L. Kloppenburg, D. Jones, U. H. F. Bunz, Macromolecules 1999, 32, 4194.
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104
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77954325290
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6 gives a 14VE species that could principally react with alkynyls by oxidative addition.
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6 gives a 14VE species that could principally react with alkynyls by oxidative addition.
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105
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14944367966
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Gatteschi and co-workers reported a true one-dimensional "magnetic" Möbius strip made of an odd-membered cycle of metal atoms in which the incommensurability of unpaired antiferromagnetically coupled electron spins results in "spin frustration"
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Gatteschi and co-workers reported a true one-dimensional "magnetic" Möbius strip made of an odd-membered cycle of metal atoms in which the incommensurability of unpaired antiferromagnetically coupled electron spins results in "spin frustration": O. Cador, D. Gatteschi, R. Sessoli, A.-L. Barra, G. A. Timco, R. E. P. Winpenny, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2005,290, 55.
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77954333493
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-1 higher in energy than the singlet.
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-1 higher in energy than the singlet.
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110
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0038626673
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Cheeseman, J.R.6
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Stratmann, R.E.9
Burant, J.C.10
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Millam, J.M.12
Daniels, A.D.13
Kudin, K.N.14
Strain, M.C.15
Farkas, O.16
Tomasi, J.17
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Cossi, M.19
Cammi, R.20
Mennucci, B.21
Pomelli, C.22
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Petersson, G.A.26
Ayala, P.Y.27
Cui, Q.28
Morokuma, K.29
Rega, N.30
Salvador, P.31
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Malick, D.K.33
Rabuck, A.D.34
Raghavachari, K.35
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Baboul, A.G.39
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Liashenko, A.42
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Komaromi, I.44
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Wong, M.W.56
Andres, J.L.57
Gonzalez, C.58
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