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(b) Balaban, A. T.; Banciu, M.; Ciorba, V. Annulenes, Benzo-, Hetero-, Homo-Derivatives, and their Valence Isomers, Vol. I; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1987; Chapter 4.
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See, for example, the case of [10]annulene: (a) Sulzbach, H. M.; Schaefer, H. F.; Klopper, W.; Lüthi, H. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3519.
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See, for example, the case of [10]annulene: (a) Sulzbach, H. M.; Schaefer, H. F.; Klopper, W.; Lüthi, H. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3519.
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7
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4244067117
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For recent reviews of aromaticity, see: a, May
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For recent reviews of aromaticity, see: (a) Schleyer, P. v. R., Ed. Chem. Rev. 2001, 101 (May).
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Ed. Chem. Rev
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Schleyer, P.V.R.1
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(c) Havenith, R. W. A.; van Lenthe, J. H.; Jenneskens, L. W. Int. J. Quantum Chem. 2001, 85, 52.
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(d) Castro, C.; Isborn, C. M.; Karney, W. L.; Mauksch, M.; Schleyer, P. v. R. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 3431.
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Castro, C.1
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18
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0346980173
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For the synthesis of a substituted [16]annulene with Möbius topology and an investigation of its aromaticity, see: (a) Ajami, D.; Oeckler, O.; Simon, A.; Herges, R. Nature 2003, 426, 819.
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For the synthesis of a substituted [16]annulene with Möbius topology and an investigation of its aromaticity, see: (a) Ajami, D.; Oeckler, O.; Simon, A.; Herges, R. Nature 2003, 426, 819.
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19
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14744305056
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(b) Castro, C.; Chen, Z.; Wannere, C. S.; Jiao, H.; Karney, W. L.; Mauksch, M.; Puchta, R.; Hommes, N. J. R. v. E.; Schleyer, P. v. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 2425.
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Mauksch, M.6
Puchta, R.7
Hommes, N.J.R.V.E.8
Schleyer, P.V.R.9
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33746321577
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(c) Ajami, D.; Hess, K.; Köhler, F.; Näther, C.; Oeckler, O.; Simon, A.; Yamamoto, C.; Okamoto, Y.; Herges, R. Chem. Eur. J. 2006, 12, 5434.
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Ajami, D.1
Hess, K.2
Köhler, F.3
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Oeckler, O.5
Simon, A.6
Yamamoto, C.7
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Review
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Review: Rzepa, H. S. Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 3697.
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Rzepa, H.S.1
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Castro, C.; Karney, W. L.; Valencia, M. A.; Vu, C. M. H.; Pemberton, R. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 9704.
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(b) Calder, I. C.; Gaoni, Y.; Sondheimer, F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 4946.
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Calder, I.C.1
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28
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For syntheses of [16]annulene that involve deuteration, see: (a) Stevenson, C. D.; Kurth, T. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1623.
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For syntheses of [16]annulene that involve deuteration, see: (a) Stevenson, C. D.; Kurth, T. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1623.
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33
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0025887131
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For example, an acyclic heptaene was found to have an isomerization barrier of 28 kcal/mol
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For example, an acyclic heptaene was found to have an isomerization barrier of 28 kcal/mol: Doering, W. v. E.; Kitasawa, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 4288.
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(b) Miehlich, B.; Savin, A.; Stoll, H.; Preuss, H. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1989, 157, 200.
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Wannere, C. S.; Sattelmeyer, K. W.; Schaefer, H. F.; Schleyer, P. v. R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 4200.
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Castro, C.; Karney, W. L.; Vu, C. M. H.; Burkhardt, S. E.; Valencia, M. A. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 3602.
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Castro, C.1
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(a) Matzinger, S.; Bally, T.; Patterson, E. V.; McMahon, R. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1535.
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Matzinger, S.1
Bally, T.2
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49
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0001861311
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This is similar to the scaling all correlation (SAC) method of Truhlar: Rossi, I, Truhlar, D. G. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1995, 234, 64
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(b) This is similar to the "scaling all correlation" (SAC) method of Truhlar: Rossi, I.; Truhlar, D. G. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1995, 234, 64.
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50
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0011190497
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Schleyer, P. v. R.; Maerker, C.; Dransteld, A.; Jiao, H.; Hommes, N. J. R. v. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6317.
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33846016083
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Frisch, M. J.; et al. Gaussian 98, Revision A. 11.3; Gaussian, Inc.: Pittsburgh, PA, 2002.
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(a) Frisch, M. J.; et al. Gaussian 98, Revision A. 11.3; Gaussian, Inc.: Pittsburgh, PA, 2002.
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Frisch, M. J.; et al. Gaussian 03, Revision D.01; Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford, CT, 2004.
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(b) Frisch, M. J.; et al. Gaussian 03, Revision D.01; Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford, CT, 2004.
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MacMolPlt v.5.3.5: Bode, B. M.; Gordon, M. S. J. Mol. Graphics Modell. 1998, 16, 133.
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MacMolPlt v.5.3.5: Bode, B. M.; Gordon, M. S. J. Mol. Graphics Modell. 1998, 16, 133.
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57
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33846007124
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Other paths are possible, but these have higher barriers than the paths in Figure 2.
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Other paths are possible, but these have higher barriers than the paths in Figure 2.
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-
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-
58
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33947487883
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(a) Anet, F. A. L.; Bourn, A. J. R.; Lin, Y. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 3576.
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J. Am. Chem. Soc
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Anet, F.A.L.1
Bourn, A.J.R.2
Lin, Y.S.3
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61
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0000121785
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Wenthold, P. G.; Hrovat, D. A.; Borden, W. T.; Lineberser, W. C. Science 1996, 272, 1456.
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Science
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Wenthold, P.G.1
Hrovat, D.A.2
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Lineberser, W.C.4
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62
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33845992392
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An annulene with Möbius topology has an odd number of CCCC dihedral angles (ω) with 180° > |ω| > 90°. Annulenes with Hückel topology have an even number of such dihedral angles
-
An annulene with "Möbius topology" has an odd number of CCCC dihedral angles (ω) with 180° > |ω| > 90°. Annulenes with "Hückel topology" have an even number of such dihedral angles.
-
-
-
-
64
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33845997995
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-
Several conformations of 1, including two Möbius ones, were reported (B3LYP) in ref 9c. although no structures were provided. It is possible that one of these is similar to 1e.
-
Several conformations of 1, including two Möbius ones, were reported (B3LYP) in ref 9c. although no structures were provided. It is possible that one of these is similar to 1e.
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-
-
-
65
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33845974749
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At the BH&HLYP/TZ level, planar all-trans C2h, hexadeca-1,3,5.7,9,11,13,15-octaene has Δr, 0.116 Å. Species 1e has Δr, 0.125 Å i.e, it is less delocalized than an acyclic polyene of similar conjugation length, So it is difficult to argue that 1e is aromatic
-
2h, hexadeca-1,3,5.7,9,11,13,15-octaene has Δr = 0.116 Å. Species 1e has Δr = 0.125 Å (i.e., it is less delocalized than an acyclic polyene of similar conjugation length). So it is difficult to argue that 1e is aromatic.
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66
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33846020421
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12 Single-point energies using CCSDT)/6-31G* increased this barrier to 19.6 kcal/mol as compared to the experimental barrier (17.4 kcal/mol. Table 2).
-
12 Single-point energies using CCSDT)/6-31G* increased this barrier to 19.6 kcal/mol as compared to the experimental barrier (17.4 kcal/mol. Table 2).
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-
-
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67
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33845978983
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If one then re-optimizes the geometry of TS1-2 using UBH&HLYP and computes the frequencies and zero-point energy with that method as well, the barrier decreases to ca. 10 kcal/mol, virtually identical to the experimentally determined one. This additional lowering arises mainly from the significantly lower ZPE obtained from the spin-unrestricted frequency calculation.
-
If one then re-optimizes the geometry of TS1-2 using UBH&HLYP and computes the frequencies and zero-point energy with that method as well, the barrier decreases to ca. 10 kcal/mol, virtually identical to the experimentally determined one. This additional lowering arises mainly from the significantly lower ZPE obtained from the spin-unrestricted frequency calculation.
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-
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68
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33845997301
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Re-optimizing the [12]annulene bond-shifting transition state and recomputing the frequencies using UBH&HLYP/TZ decreases the relative energy by 3.5 kcal/mol, yielding a barrier that deviates by only 0.7 kcal/mol from the experimental one.
-
Re-optimizing the [12]annulene bond-shifting transition state and recomputing the frequencies using UBH&HLYP/TZ decreases the relative energy by 3.5 kcal/mol, yielding a barrier that deviates by only 0.7 kcal/mol from the experimental one.
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69
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27144509804
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The bond-equalized form of CCCCCCT-[14]annulene (D2 symmetry) is predicted to be a minimum at the B3LYP/6-31G* and KMLYP/6-31G* levels: Rzepa, H. S. Org. Lett. 2005, 7, 4637.
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The bond-equalized form of CCCCCCT-[14]annulene (D2 symmetry) is predicted to be a minimum at the B3LYP/6-31G* and KMLYP/6-31G* levels: Rzepa, H. S. Org. Lett. 2005, 7, 4637.
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71
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0003691438
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Borden, W. T, Ed, Wiley: New York
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(b) Borden, W. T. In Diradicals: Borden, W. T., Ed.; Wiley: New York, 1982; pp 1-72.
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(1982)
Diradicals
, pp. 1-72
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Borden, W.T.1
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