A comprehensive review of the adverse effects of systemic corticosteroids

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America

Volumn 43, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 753-768

  Poetker, David M ^a,b   Reh, Douglas D ^c  

^a MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

^b CLEMENT J ZABLOCKI VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Adverse effects; Complications; Corticosteroids; Glucocorticoids; Prednisone; Review; Steroid; Steroid physiology

Indexed keywords

BECLOMETASONE DIPROPIONATE; BETAMETHASONE; BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; BUDESONIDE; CALCIUM; CORTICOSTEROID; DEXAMETHASONE; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR; FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE; GLUCOSE; HYDROCORTISONE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MOMETASONE FUROATE; PLACEBO; PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR; PREDNISOLONE; PREDNISONE; RETINOL; SOMATOMEDIN C; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR; VITAMIN D; GLUCOCORTICOID;

ACNE; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; ADRENAL SUPPRESSION; AGGRESSIVENESS; AGITATION; ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL; ANXIETY; ASTHMA; AVASCULAR NECROSIS; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BLOOD PRESSURE; BONE DENSITY; BONE METABOLISM; BONE NECROSIS; BUFFALO HUMP; CATARACT; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPETITIVE INHIBITION; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; CUSHING SYNDROME; CUSHINGOID SYNDROME; DEPRESSION; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DISTRACTIBILITY; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG DOSE INCREASE; DRUG INDUCED DISEASE; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; ECCHYMOSIS; FEAR; GENERAL PRACTITIONER; GLAUCOMA; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLUCOSE TRANSPORT; HEART INFARCTION; HIRSUTISM; HUMAN; HYDROCORTISONE BLOOD LEVEL; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPOMANIA; INCIDENCE; INFORMED CONSENT; INSOMNIA; INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE; IRRITABILITY; KERION; LETHARGY; MACROPHAGE; MANIA; MEMORY DISORDER; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL INSTABILITY; MOON FACE; MORPHOLOGY; MUSCLE ATROPHY; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; MYCOSIS; OBESITY; PANCREATITIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PEPTIC ULCER; PHAGOCYTOSIS; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SEPSIS; SIDE EFFECT; SKIN ATROPHY; SKIN BRUISING; SKIN FRAGILITY; SPEECH DISORDER; STEVENS JOHNSON SYNDROME; STRIA; SUICIDAL IDEATION; TRUNCAL OBESITY; VERTEBRA MALFORMATION; VIRUS INFECTION; WATER RETENTION; WOUND HEALING; WOUND HEALING IMPAIRMENT; ADIPOSE TISSUE; ADRENAL GLAND; BONE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHEMICALLY INDUCED; DRUG EFFECTS; FEMUR HEAD NECROSIS; IMMUNOLOGY; METABOLISM; SKIN;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ADRENAL GLANDS; BONE AND BONES; BONE DENSITY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CATARACT; FEMUR HEAD NECROSIS; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; HUMANS; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE; SKIN; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 77954212304     PISSN: 00306665     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2010.04.003     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. Nadel D.M. The use of systemic steroids in otolaryngology. Ear Nose Throat J 1996, 75:502-505. 509-10, 511-2 passim.
2. Wright E.D., Agrawal S. Impact of perioperative systemic steroids on surgical outcomes in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis: evaluation with the novel perioperative sinus endoscopy (POSE) scoring system. Laryngoscope 2007, 117(Suppl 115):1-28.
3. Cope D., Bova R. Steroids in otolaryngology. Laryngoscope 2008, 118:1556-1560.
4. Fardet L., Kassar A., Cabane J., et al. Corticosteroid-induced adverse events in adults: frequency, screening and prevention. Drug Saf 2007, 30:861-881.
5. McEvoy C.E., Niewoehner D.E. Adverse effects of corticosteroid therapy for COPD. Chest 1997, 111:732-743.
6. Conn H.O., Poynard T. Corticosteroids and peptic ulcer: metaanalysis of adverse events during steroid therapy. J Intern Med 1994, 236:619-632.
7. Fardet L., Cabane J., Lebbé C., et al. Incidence and risk factors for corticosteroid-induced lipodystrophy: a prospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007, 57:604-609.
8. Hirsch I.B., Paauw D.S. Diabetes management in special situations. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1997, 26:631-645.
9. Greenstone M.A., Shaw A.B. Alternate day corticosteroid causes alternate day hyperglycemia. Postgrad Med J 1987, 63:761-764.
10. Chrousos G.P. Adrenocorticosteroids & adrenocortical antagonists. Basic & clinical pharmacology 2007, 635-652. McGraw-Hill, New York (NY). 10th edition. B.G. Katzung (Ed.).
11. Segal B.H., Sneller M.C. Infectious complications of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with rheumatic diseases. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1997, 23:219-237.
12. Stuck A.E., Minder C.E., Frey F.J. Risk of infectious complications in patients taking glucocorticosteroids. Rev Infect Dis 1989, 11:954-963.
13. O'Donell M.R., Schmidt G.M., Teftmeier B.R., et al. Prediction of systemic fungal infection in allogeneic marrow recipients: impact of amphotericin prophylaxis in high-risk patients. J Clin Oncol 1994, 12:827-834.
14. Fukada T., Boeckh M., Carter R.A., et al. Risks and outcomes of invasive fungal infections in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants after nonmyeloablative conditioning. Blood 2003, 102:827-833.
15. Lionakis M.S., Kontoyiannis D.P. Glucocorticoids and invasive fungal infections. Lancet 2003, 362:1828-1838.
16. Upton A., Kirby K.A., Carpenter P., et al. Invasive aspergillosis following hematopoietic cell transplantation: outcomes and prognostic factors associated with mortality. Clin Infect Dis 2007, 44:531-540.
17. Marr K.A., Carter R.A., Boeckh M., et al. Invasive aspergillosis in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients: changes in epidemiology and risk factors. Blood 2002, 100:4358-4366.
18. Atkinson J.B., Kosi M., Srikanth M.S., et al. Growth hormone reverses impaired wound healing in protein-malnourished rats treated with corticosteroids. J Pediatr Surg 1992, 27:1026-1028.
19. Nguyen H., Lim J., Dresner M.L., et al. Effect of local corticosteroids on early inflammatory function in surgical wound of rats. J Foot Surg 1998, 37:313-318.
20. Goforth P., Gudas C.J. Effects of steroids on wound healing: a review of the literature. J Foot Surg 1980, 19:22-28.
21. Suh D.Y., Hunt T.K., Spencer E.M. Insulin-like growth factor-I reverses the impairment of wound healing induced by corticosteroids in rats. Endocrinology 1992, 131:2399-2403.
22. Lenco W., McKnight M., MacDonald A.S. Effects of cortisone acetate, methylprednisolone and medroxyprogesterone on wound contracture and epithelialization in rabbits. Ann Surg 1975, 181:67-73.
23. Keenan G.F. Management of complications of glucocorticoid therapy. Clin Chest Med 1997, 18:507-520.
24. Allen D.B., Bielory L., Derendorf H., et al. Inhaled corticosteroids: past lessons and future issues. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003, 112:S1-40.
25. Ton F.N., Gunawardene S.C., Lee H., et al. Effects of low-dose prednisone on bone metabolism. J Bone Miner Res 2005, 20:464-470.
26. van Staa T.P., Leufkens H.G.M., Cooper C. The epidemiology of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2002, 13:777-787.
27. Paglia F., Dionisis S., De Geronimo S., et al. Biomarkers of bone turnover after a short period of steroid therapy in elderly men. Clin Chem 2001, 47:1314-1316.
28. Wilson A.M., McFarlane L.C., Lipworth B.J. Systemic bioactivity profiles of oral prednisolone and nebulized budesonide in adult asthmatics. Chest 1998, 114:1022-1027.
29. Laan R.F.J.M., Van Riel P.L.C.M., Van Erning L.J.T.O., et al. Vertebral osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients: effects of low dose prednisone therapy. Br J Rheumatol 1992, 31:91-96.
30. Cui Q., Wang G.-J., Balian G. Steroid-induced adipogenesis in a pluripotential cell line from bone marrow. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1997, 79:1054-1063.
31. Mirzai R., Chang C., Greenspan A., et al. The pathogenesis of osteonecrosis and the relationship to corticosteroids. J Asthma 1999, 36:77-95.
32. McKee M.D., Waddell J.P., Kudo P.A., et al. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head in men following short-course corticosteroid therapy: a report of 15 cases. CMAJ 2001, 164:205-206.
33. Wong G.K., Poon W.S., Chiu K.H. Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the hip in neurosurgical patients: epidemiological study. ANZ J Surg 2005, 75:409-410.
34. Carnahan M.C., Goldstein D.A. Ocular complications of topical, peri-ocular, and systemic corticosteroids. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2000, 11:478-483.
35. Fardet L., Flahault A., Kettaneh A., et al. Corticosteroid-induced clinical adverse events: frequency, risk factors and patient's opinion. Br J Dermatol 2007, 157:142-148.
36. Conn H.O., Blitzer B.L. Nonassociation of adrenocorticosteroid therapy and peptic ulcer. N Engl J Med 1976, 294:434-479.
37. Messer J., Reitman D., Sacks H., et al. Association of adrenocorticosteroid therapy and peptic ulcer disease. N Engl J Med 1983, 309:21-24.
38. Piper J., Ray W., Daugherty J., et al. Corticosteroid use and peptic ulcer disease: role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ann Intern Med 1991, 114:735-740.
39. Asare K. Diagnosis and treatment of adrenal insufficiency in the critically ill patient. Pharmacotherapy 2007, 27:1512-1538.
40. Ganong W.F. The adrenal medulla & adrenal cortex. Review of medical physiology 2007, 356-381. McGraw-Hill, New York (NY). 22nd edition. W.F. Ganong (Ed.).
41. Downie W.W., Dixon J.S., Lowe J.R., et al. Adrenocortical suppression by synthetic corticosteroid drugs: a comparative study of prednisolone and betamethasone. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1978, 6:397-399.
42. LaRochelle G.E., LaRochelle A.G., Ratner R.E., et al. Recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with rheumatic diseases receiving low-dose prednisone. Am J Med 1993, 95:258-264.
43. Polsonetti B.W., Joy S.D., Laos L.F. Steroid-induced myopathy in the ICU. Ann Pharmacother 2002, 36:1741-1744.
44. Bowyer S.L., LaMothe M.P., Hollister J.R. Steroid myopathy: incidence and detection in a population with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1985, 76:234-242.
45. Walsh L.J., Wong C.A., Oborne J., et al. Adverse effects of oral corticosteroids in relation to dose in patients with lung disease. Thorax 2001, 56:279-284.
46. Picado C., Fiz J.A., Montserrat J.M., et al. Respiratory and skeletal muscle function in steroid-dependent bronchia asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990, 141:14-20.
47. Nussberger J. Investigating mineralocorticoid hypertension. J Hypertens 2003, 21:S25-S30.
48. Wei L., MacDonald T.M., Walker B.R. Taking glucocorticoids by prescription is associated with subsequent cardiovascular disease. Ann Intern Med 2004, 141:764-770.
49. Souverein P.C., Berard A., Van Staa T.P., et al. Use of oral glucocorticoids and risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in a population based case-control study. Heart 2004, 90:859-865.
50. Warrington T.P., Bostwick J.M. Psychiatric adverse effects of corticosteroids. Mayo Clin Proc 2006, 81:1361-1367.
51. Kershner P., Wang-Cheng R. Psychiatric side effects of steroid therapy. Psychosomatics 1989, 30:135-139.
52. Lewis D.A., Smith R.E. Steroid-induced psychiatric syndromes. J Affect Disord 1983, 5:319-332.
53. Acute adverse reactions to prednisone in relation to dosage. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1972, 13:694-698. The Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program.
54. Schimmer BP, Parker KL. Adrenocorticotropic hormone; adrenocortical steroids and their synthetic analogs; inhibitors of the synthesis and actions of adrenocortical hormones. In: Brunron LL, Lazo JS, Parker KL, editors. Goodman & Gilman's the Pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 11th edition.
55. Lipworth B.J., Jackson C.M. Safety of inhaled and intranasal corticosteroids: lessons for the new millennium. Drug Saf 2000, 23:11-33.
56. Daley-Yates P.T., Kunka R.L., Yin Y., et al. Bioavailability of fluticasone propionate and mometasone furoate aqueous nasal sprays. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2004, 60:265-268.
57. Demoly P. Safety of intranasal corticosteroids in acute rhinosinusitis. Am J Otolaryngol 2008, 29:403-413.
58. Bachert C., Lukat K.F., Lange B. Effect of intranasal fluticasone propionate and triamcinolone acetonide on basal and dynamic measures of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis activity in healthy volunteers. Clin Exp Allergy 2004, 34:85-90.
59. Galant S.P., Melamed I.R., Nayak A.S., et al. Lack of effect of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in 2- and 3-year-old patients. Pediatrics 2003, 112:96-100.
60. Wilson A.M., Sims E.J., McFarlane L.C., et al. Effects of intranasal corticosteroids on adrenal, bone, and blood markers of systemic activity in allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998, 102:598-604.
61. Salib R.J., Howarth P.H. Safety and tolerability profiles of intranasal antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Drug Saf 2003, 26:863-893.
62. Gill G., Swift A., Jones A., et al. Severe adrenal suppression by steroid nasal drops. J R Soc Med 2001, 94:350-351.
63. Stevens D.J. Cushing's syndrome due to the abuse of betamethasone nasal drops. J Laryngol Otol 1988, 102:219-221.
64. Daman Willems C.E., Dinwiddie R., Grant D.B., et al. Temporary inhibition of growth and adrenal suppression associated with the use of steroid nose drops. Eur J Pediatr 1994, 153:632-634.
65. Findlay C.A., Macdonald J.F., Wallace A.M., et al. Childhood Cushing's syndrome induced by betamethasone nose drops and repeat prescriptions. BMJ 1998, 317:739-740.
66. Kimmerle R., Rolla A.R. Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome due to dexamethasone nasal drops. Am J Med 1985, 79:535-537.
67. Gallagher G., Mackay I. Doctors and drops. Br Med J 1991, 303:761.
68. Sachanandani N.S., Piccirillo J.F., Kramper M.A., et al. The effect of nasally administered budesonide respules on adrenal cortex function in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Ach Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009, 135:303-307.
69. Welch K.C., Thaler E.R., Doghramji L.L., et al. The effects serum and urinary cortisol levels of topical intranasal irrigations with budesonide added to saline in patients with recurrent polyposis after endoscopic sinus surgery. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2010, 24:26-28.