메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 112, Issue 3 SUPPL., 2003, Pages

Inhaled corticosteroids: Past lessons and future issues

Author keywords

Asthma; Cataract; Corticosteroids; Ecchymosis; Glaucoma; Glucocorticoids; Growth; Osteoporosis; Skin atrophy

Indexed keywords

BECLOMETASONE DIPROPIONATE; BUDESONIDE; CICLESONIDE; CORTICOSTEROID; FLUNISOLIDE; FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE; MOMETASONE FUROATE; PREDNISONE; PRODRUG; TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE;

EID: 0041735123     PISSN: 00916749     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0091-6749(03)01859-1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (230)

References (141)
  • 2
    • 0003593185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
    • National Institutes of Health. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Data fact sheet: asthma statistics. Available at: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/lung/asthma/asthstat.pdf. Accessed May 5, 2002.
    • Data Fact Sheet: Asthma Statistics
  • 5
    • 0030958324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of short-term treatment with low-dose inhaled fluticasone propionate on airway inflammation and remodeling in mild asthma: A placebo-controlled study
    • Olivieri D, Chetta A, Del Donno M, Bertorelli G, Casalini A, Pesci A, et al. Effect of short-term treatment with low-dose inhaled fluticasone propionate on airway inflammation and remodeling in mild asthma: a placebo-controlled study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:1864-71.
    • (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.155 , pp. 1864-1871
    • Olivieri, D.1    Chetta, A.2    Del Donno, M.3    Bertorelli, G.4    Casalini, A.5    Pesci, A.6
  • 6
    • 0003579918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
    • National Institutes of Health. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Pocket guide for asthma management and prevention. Available at: http://www.ginasthma.com/. Accessed July 2, 2002.
    • Pocket Guide for Asthma Management and Prevention
  • 7
    • 0034601431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids and the prevention of death from asthma
    • Suissa S, Ernst P, Benayoun S, Baltzan M, Cai B. Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids and the prevention of death from asthma. N Engl J Med 2000;343:332-6.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 332-336
    • Suissa, S.1    Ernst, P.2    Benayoun, S.3    Baltzan, M.4    Cai, B.5
  • 9
    • 0032974197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships: Concepts and perspectives
    • Derendorf H, Meibohm B. Modeling of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships: concepts and perspectives. Pharm Res 1999;16:176-85.
    • (1999) Pharm Res , vol.16 , pp. 176-185
    • Derendorf, H.1    Meibohm, B.2
  • 10
    • 0030724891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of inhaled corticosteroids in relation to efficacy and safety
    • Derendorf H. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of inhaled corticosteroids in relation to efficacy and safety. Respir Med 1997;91 (suppl A):22-8.
    • (1997) Respir Med , vol.91 , Issue.SUPPL. A , pp. 22-28
    • Derendorf, H.1
  • 12
    • 0034854302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beclomethasone dipropionate: Absolute bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and metabolism following intravenous, oral, intranasal and inhaled administration in man
    • Daley-Yates PT, Price AC, Sisson JR. Pereira A, Dallow N. Beclomethasone dipropionate: absolute bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and metabolism following intravenous, oral, intranasal and inhaled administration in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2001;51:400-9.
    • (2001) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.51 , pp. 400-409
    • Daley-Yates, P.T.1    Price, A.C.2    Sisson, J.R.3    Pereira, A.4    Dallow, N.5
  • 13
    • 0033674210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic exposure to fluticasone propionate administered via metered-dose inhaler containing chlorofluorocarbon or hydrofluoroalkane propellant
    • Mackie AE, McDowall JE, Ventresca P, Bye A, Falcoz C, Daley-Yates PT. Systemic exposure to fluticasone propionate administered via metered-dose inhaler containing chlorofluorocarbon or hydrofluoroalkane propellant. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000;39(suppl 1):17-22.
    • (2000) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.39 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 17-22
    • Mackie, A.E.1    McDowall, J.E.2    Ventresca, P.3    Bye, A.4    Falcoz, C.5    Daley-Yates, P.T.6
  • 14
    • 0029929091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of intravenous fluticasone propionate in healthy subjects
    • Mackie AE, Ventresca GP, Fuller RW, Bye A. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous fluticasone propionate in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1996;41:539-42.
    • (1996) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.41 , pp. 539-542
    • Mackie, A.E.1    Ventresca, G.P.2    Fuller, R.W.3    Bye, A.4
  • 16
    • 0029849213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic modeling of cortisol reduction after inhaled administration of fluticasone propionate
    • Rohatagi S, Bye A, Falcoz C, Mackie AE, Meibohm B, Möllmann H, et al. Dynamic modeling of cortisol reduction after inhaled administration of fluticasone propionate. J Clin Pharmacol 1996;36:938-41.
    • (1996) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.36 , pp. 938-941
    • Rohatagi, S.1    Bye, A.2    Falcoz, C.3    Mackie, A.E.4    Meibohm, B.5    Möllmann, H.6
  • 17
    • 0033450477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative potency and clinical efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids
    • Kelly HW. Comparative potency and clinical efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids. Respir Care Clin N Am 1999;5:537-53.
    • (1999) Respir Care Clin N Am , vol.5 , pp. 537-553
    • Kelly, H.W.1
  • 18
  • 19
    • 0342872006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversible formation of fatty acid esters of budesonide, an antiasthma glucocorticoid, in human lung and liver microsomes
    • Tunek A, Sjödin K, Hallström G. Reversible formation of fatty acid esters of budesonide, an antiasthma glucocorticoid, in human lung and liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos 1997:25:1311-7.
    • (1997) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.25 , pp. 1311-1317
    • Tunek, A.1    Sjödin, K.2    Hallström, G.3
  • 20
    • 0031846019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversible fatty acid conjugation of budesonide: Novel mechanism for prolonged retention of topically applied steroid in airway tissue
    • Miller-Larsson A, Mattsson H, Hjertberg E, Dahlbäck M, Tunek A, Brattsand R. Reversible fatty acid conjugation of budesonide: novel mechanism for prolonged retention of topically applied steroid in airway tissue. Drug Metab Dispos 1998;26:623-30.
    • (1998) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.26 , pp. 623-630
    • Miller-Larsson, A.1    Mattsson, H.2    Hjertberg, E.3    Dahlbäck, M.4    Tunek, A.5    Brattsand, R.6
  • 21
    • 0038698596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High doses of the novel inhaled steroid ciclesonide have no effect on HPA-axis function in patients with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma
    • abstract 590
    • Szefler SJ, Herron J, Lloyd M, Rohatagi S, Williams JE, Kundu S, et al. High doses of the novel inhaled steroid ciclesonide have no effect on HPA-axis function in patients with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma [abstract 590]. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;111(suppl part 2):S216.
    • (2003) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.111 , Issue.2 SUPPL. PART
    • Szefler, S.J.1    Herron, J.2    Lloyd, M.3    Rohatagi, S.4    Williams, J.E.5    Kundu, S.6
  • 22
    • 0042501953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ciclesonide, a novel inhaled steroid, has no effect on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis funchon in mild-to-moderate asthmatics
    • abstract 596
    • LaForce CF, Baker JW, Amin D, Rohatagi S, Mendes P, Williams J, et al. Ciclesonide, a novel inhaled steroid, has no effect on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis funchon in mild-to-moderate asthmatics [abstract 596]. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;111(suppl part 2):S218.
    • (2003) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.111 , Issue.2 SUPPL. PART
    • LaForce, C.F.1    Baker, J.W.2    Amin, D.3    Rohatagi, S.4    Mendes, P.5    Williams, J.6
  • 23
    • 0043002847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmicort Turbuhaler
    • Montvale. NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc
    • Pulmicort Turbuhaler. In: Physicians' desk reference. Montvale. NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc; 2002. p. 636-40.
    • (2002) Physicians' Desk Reference , pp. 636-640
  • 24
    • 0041500240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flovent Diskus
    • Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc
    • Flovent Diskus. In: Physicians desk reference. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc; 2002. p. 3614-8.
    • (2002) Physicians Desk Reference , pp. 3614-3618
  • 26
    • 0034567438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety overview of a new inhaled corticosteroid. QVAR (hydrofluoroalkane-beclomethasone extrafine inhalation aerosol), in asthma
    • Vanden Burgt JA. Busse WW, Martin RJ, Szefler SJ, Donnell D. Efficacy and safety overview of a new inhaled corticosteroid. QVAR (hydrofluoroalkane-beclomethasone extrafine inhalation aerosol), in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:1209-26.
    • (2000) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.106 , pp. 1209-1226
    • Vanden Burgt, J.A.1    Busse, W.W.2    Martin, R.J.3    Szefler, S.J.4    Donnell, D.5
  • 27
    • 0041500235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oropharyngeal deposition of inhaled ciclesonide and fluticasone propionate in patients with asthma [poster], September 14-18; Stockholm, Sweden
    • Richter K, Nielsen-Gode D, Biberger C, Nave R, Magnussen H. Oropharyngeal deposition of inhaled ciclesonide and fluticasone propionate in patients with asthma [poster]. Presented at the 12th European Respiratory Society Annual Congress, September 14-18, 2002; Stockholm, Sweden.
    • (2002) 12th European Respiratory Society Annual Congress
    • Richter, K.1    Nielsen-Gode, D.2    Biberger, C.3    Nave, R.4    Magnussen, H.5
  • 28
    • 0027279923 scopus 로고
    • Short-term growth in children with allergic rhinitis treated with oral antihistamine, depot and intranasal glucocorticosteroids
    • Wolthers OD, Pedersen S. Short-term growth in children with allergic rhinitis treated with oral antihistamine, depot and intranasal glucocorticosteroids. Acta Paediatr 1993;82:635-40.
    • (1993) Acta Paediatr , vol.82 , pp. 635-640
    • Wolthers, O.D.1    Pedersen, S.2
  • 29
    • 0030725172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of beclomethasone, salmeterol, and placebo in children with asthma
    • Simons FE. A comparison of beclomethasone, salmeterol, and placebo in children with asthma. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1659-65.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 1659-1665
    • Simons, F.E.1
  • 32
    • 0034642066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of budesonide or nedocronfil in children with asthma
    • The Childhood Asthma Management Program Research Group. Long-term effects of budesonide or nedocronfil in children with asthma. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1054-63.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 1054-1063
  • 33
    • 0021931293 scopus 로고
    • Clinical longitudinal standards for height and height velocity for North American children
    • Tanner JM, Davies PS. Clinical longitudinal standards for height and height velocity for North American children. J Pediatr 1985;107:317-29.
    • (1985) J Pediatr , vol.107 , pp. 317-329
    • Tanner, J.M.1    Davies, P.S.2
  • 34
    • 0027269991 scopus 로고
    • Aerosol beclomethasone dipropionate compared with theophylline as primary treatment of chronic, mild to moderately severe asthma in children
    • Tinkelman DG, Reed CE, Nelson HS, Offord KP. Aerosol beclomethasone dipropionate compared with theophylline as primary treatment of chronic, mild to moderately severe asthma in children. Pediatrics 1993;92:64-77.
    • (1993) Pediatrics , vol.92 , pp. 64-77
    • Tinkelman, D.G.1    Reed, C.E.2    Nelson, H.S.3    Offord, K.P.4
  • 35
    • 0034453962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenal suppression, evaluated by a low dose adrenocorticotropin test, and growth in asthmatic children treated with inhaled steroids
    • Kannisto S, Korppi M, Remes K, Voutilainen R. Adrenal suppression, evaluated by a low dose adrenocorticotropin test, and growth in asthmatic children treated with inhaled steroids. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:652-7.
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 652-657
    • Kannisto, S.1    Korppi, M.2    Remes, K.3    Voutilainen, R.4
  • 36
    • 0033542041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroid therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Lipworth BJ. Systemic adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroid therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:941-55.
    • (1999) Arch Intern Med , vol.159 , pp. 941-955
    • Lipworth, B.J.1
  • 37
    • 0030856684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenocortical activity with repeated twice daily dosing of fluticasone propionate and budesonide given via a large volume spacer to asthmatic school children
    • Lipworth BJ, Clark DJ, McFarlane LC. Adrenocortical activity with repeated twice daily dosing of fluticasone propionate and budesonide given via a large volume spacer to asthmatic school children. Thorax 1997;52:686-9.
    • (1997) Thorax , vol.52 , pp. 686-689
    • Lipworth, B.J.1    Clark, D.J.2    McFarlane, L.C.3
  • 39
    • 0033807715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthma drug adherence in a long term clinical trial
    • Jónasson G, Carlsen KH, Mowinckel P. Asthma drug adherence in a long term clinical trial. Arch Dis Child 2000;83:330-3.
    • (2000) Arch Dis Child , vol.83 , pp. 330-333
    • Jónasson, G.1    Carlsen, K.H.2    Mowinckel, P.3
  • 40
    • 0037057684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled corticosteroids, growth, and compliance
    • Wolthers OD, Allen DB. Inhaled corticosteroids, growth, and compliance [letter]. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1210-1.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , pp. 1210-1211
    • Wolthers, O.D.1    Allen, D.B.2
  • 41
    • 0036595473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth, systemic safety, and efficacy during 1 year of asthma treatment with different beclomethasone dipropionate formulations: An open-label, randomized comparison of extrafine and conventional aerosols in children
    • Pedersen S, Warner J, Wahn U, Staab D, Le Bourgeois M, Van Essen-Zandvliet E, et al. Growth, systemic safety, and efficacy during 1 year of asthma treatment with different beclomethasone dipropionate formulations: an open-label, randomized comparison of extrafine and conventional aerosols in children. Pediatrics 2002;109:1-10.
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.109 , pp. 1-10
    • Pedersen, S.1    Warner, J.2    Wahn, U.3    Staab, D.4    Le Bourgeois, M.5    Van Essen-Zandvliet, E.6
  • 42
    • 0035064750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral density in subjects with mild asthma randomised to treatment with inhaled corticosteroids or non-corticosteroid treatment for two years
    • Tattersfield AE, Town GL, Johnell O, Picado C, Aubier M, Braillon P, et al. Bone mineral density in subjects with mild asthma randomised to treatment with inhaled corticosteroids or non-corticosteroid treatment for two years. Thorax 2001;56:272-8.
    • (2001) Thorax , vol.56 , pp. 272-278
    • Tattersfield, A.E.1    Town, G.L.2    Johnell, O.3    Picado, C.4    Aubier, M.5    Braillon, P.6
  • 45
    • 0036183610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of nasal spray salmon calcitonin in men with idiopathic osteoporosis: Effects on bone mineral density and bone markers
    • Trovas GP, Lyritis GP, Galanos A, Raptou P, Constantelou E. A randomized trial of nasal spray salmon calcitonin in men with idiopathic osteoporosis: effects on bone mineral density and bone markers. J Bone Miner Res 2002;17:521-7.
    • (2002) J Bone Miner Res , vol.17 , pp. 521-527
    • Trovas, G.P.1    Lyritis, G.P.2    Galanos, A.3    Raptou, P.4    Constantelou, E.5
  • 46
    • 0034760774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of alendronate, calcitonin and calcium treatments in postmenopausal osteoporosis
    • Dursun N, Dursun E, Yalçin S. Comparison of alendronate, calcitonin and calcium treatments in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Int J Clin Pract 2001;55:505-9.
    • (2001) Int J Clin Pract , vol.55 , pp. 505-509
    • Dursun, N.1    Dursun, E.2    Yalçin, S.3
  • 48
  • 49
    • 0346344235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of bone loss with alendronate in postmenopausal women under 60 years of age
    • Hosking D, Chilvers CE, Christiansen C, Ravn P, Wasnich R, Ross P, et al. Prevention of bone loss with alendronate in postmenopausal women under 60 years of age. N Engl J Med 1998;338:485-92.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , pp. 485-492
    • Hosking, D.1    Chilvers, C.E.2    Christiansen, C.3    Ravn, P.4    Wasnich, R.5    Ross, P.6
  • 51
    • 0027926739 scopus 로고
    • Consensus Development Conference on Osteoporosis
    • Consensus Development Conference on Osteoporosis. Am J Med 1993;95:1S-78S.
    • (1993) Am J Med , vol.95
  • 53
    • 0002677930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
    • Marcus R, Feldman D, Kelsey J, eds. San Diego: Academic Press
    • Lukert B. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. In: Marcus R, Feldman D, Kelsey J, eds. Osteoporosis. San Diego: Academic Press; 1996. p. 801-20.
    • (1996) Osteoporosis , pp. 801-820
    • Lukert, B.1
  • 54
    • 0020538546 scopus 로고
    • Steroid-induced fractures and bone loss in patients with asthma
    • Adinoff AD, Hollister JR. Steroid-induced fractures and bone loss in patients with asthma. N Engl J Med 1983;309:265-8.
    • (1983) N Engl J Med , vol.309 , pp. 265-268
    • Adinoff, A.D.1    Hollister, J.R.2
  • 55
    • 0032076696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteoporosis after organ transplantation
    • Rodino MA, Shane E. Osteoporosis after organ transplantation. Am J Med 1998;104:459-69.
    • (1998) Am J Med , vol.104 , pp. 459-469
    • Rodino, M.A.1    Shane, E.2
  • 57
    • 0026510618 scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral density of the proximal femur and lumbar spine in glucocorticoid-treated asthmatic patients
    • Reid IR, Evans MC, Wattie DJ, Ames R, Cundy TF. Bone mineral density of the proximal femur and lumbar spine in glucocorticoid-treated asthmatic patients. Osteoporos Int 1992;2:103-5.
    • (1992) Osteoporos Int , vol.2 , pp. 103-105
    • Reid, I.R.1    Evans, M.C.2    Wattie, D.J.3    Ames, R.4    Cundy, T.F.5
  • 59
    • 0026647699 scopus 로고
    • Bone density in asthmatic patients taking high dose inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate and intermittent systemic corticosteroids
    • Packe GE, Douglas JG, McDonald AF, Robins SP, Reid DM. Bone density in asthmatic patients taking high dose inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate and intermittent systemic corticosteroids. Thorax 1992;47:414-7.
    • (1992) Thorax , vol.47 , pp. 414-417
    • Packe, G.E.1    Douglas, J.G.2    McDonald, A.F.3    Robins, S.P.4    Reid, D.M.5
  • 61
    • 0033911153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled corticosteroids and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis: Do we understand their interaction?
    • Dekhuijzen PNR, Honour JW. Inhaled corticosteroids and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis: do we understand their interaction? Respir Med 2000;94:627-31.
    • (2000) Respir Med , vol.94 , pp. 627-631
    • Dekhuijzen, P.N.R.1    Honour, J.W.2
  • 62
    • 0032996177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic effects of inhaled corticosteroids on growth and bone turnover in childhood asthma: A comparison of fluticasone with beclomethasone
    • Rao R, Gregson RK, Jones AC, Miles EA, Campbell MJ, Warner JO. Systemic effects of inhaled corticosteroids on growth and bone turnover in childhood asthma: a comparison of fluticasone with beclomethasone. Eur Respir J 1999;13:87-94.
    • (1999) Eur Respir J , vol.13 , pp. 87-94
    • Rao, R.1    Gregson, R.K.2    Jones, A.C.3    Miles, E.A.4    Campbell, M.J.5    Warner, J.O.6
  • 63
    • 0026695278 scopus 로고
    • Asthma, inhaled corticosteroid treatment, and growth
    • Ninan TK, Russell G. Asthma, inhaled corticosteroid treatment, and growth. Arch Dis Child 1992;67:703-5.
    • (1992) Arch Dis Child , vol.67 , pp. 703-705
    • Ninan, T.K.1    Russell, G.2
  • 65
    • 0031798282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects of inhaled budesonide (800 micrograms) on growth and collagen turnover in children with asthma: A double-blind comparison of once-daily versus twice-daily administration
    • Heuck C, Wolthers OD, Kollerup G, Hansen M, Teisner B. Adverse effects of inhaled budesonide (800 micrograms) on growth and collagen turnover in children with asthma: a double-blind comparison of once-daily versus twice-daily administration. J Pediatr 1998;133:608-12.
    • (1998) J Pediatr , vol.133 , pp. 608-612
    • Heuck, C.1    Wolthers, O.D.2    Kollerup, G.3    Hansen, M.4    Teisner, B.5
  • 67
    • 0036214546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delay of growth and development in children with bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis
    • Baum WF, Schneyer U, Lantzsch AM, Kloditz E. Delay of growth and development in children with bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2002;110:53-9.
    • (2002) Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes , vol.110 , pp. 53-59
    • Baum, W.F.1    Schneyer, U.2    Lantzsch, A.M.3    Kloditz, E.4
  • 68
    • 0036163754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled corticosteroid therapy for asthma in preschool children: Growth issues
    • Allen DB. Inhaled corticosteroid therapy for asthma in preschool children: growth issues. Pediatrics 2002;109:373-80.
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.109 , pp. 373-380
    • Allen, D.B.1
  • 69
    • 0025850531 scopus 로고
    • Growth of asthmatic children during treatment with budesonide: A double blind trial
    • Wolthers OD, Pedersen S. Growth of asthmatic children during treatment with budesonide: a double blind trial. BMJ 1991;303:163-5.
    • (1991) BMJ , vol.303 , pp. 163-165
    • Wolthers, O.D.1    Pedersen, S.2
  • 70
    • 0025368315 scopus 로고
    • Short term linear growth in asthmatic children during treatment with prednisolone
    • Wolthers OD, Pedersen S. Short term linear growth in asthmatic children during treatment with prednisolone. BMJ 1990;301:145-8.
    • (1990) BMJ , vol.301 , pp. 145-148
    • Wolthers, O.D.1    Pedersen, S.2
  • 71
    • 0026530329 scopus 로고
    • Controlled study of linear growth in asthmatic children during treatment with inhaled glucocorticosteroids
    • Wolthers OD, Pedersen S. Controlled study of linear growth in asthmatic children during treatment with inhaled glucocorticosteroids. Pediatrics 1992;89:839-42.
    • (1992) Pediatrics , vol.89 , pp. 839-842
    • Wolthers, O.D.1    Pedersen, S.2
  • 72
    • 0027225688 scopus 로고
    • Short term growth during treatment with inhaled fluticasone propionate and beclomethasone dipropionate
    • Wolthers OD, Pedersen S. Short term growth during treatment with inhaled fluticasone propionate and beclomethasone dipropionate. Arch Dis Child 1993;68:673-6.
    • (1993) Arch Dis Child , vol.68 , pp. 673-676
    • Wolthers, O.D.1    Pedersen, S.2
  • 73
    • 0025807035 scopus 로고
    • Growth of asthmatic children
    • MacKenzie CA, Wales JKH. Growth of asthmatic children. BMJ 1991;303:416.
    • (1991) BMJ , vol.303 , pp. 416
    • MacKenzie, C.A.1    Wales, J.K.H.2
  • 74
    • 0030801267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term growth and collagen turnover in asthmatic adolescents treated with the inhaled glucocorticoid budesonide
    • Heuck C, Wolthers OD, Hansen M, Kollerup G. Short-term growth and collagen turnover in asthmatic adolescents treated with the inhaled glucocorticoid budesonide. Steroids 1997;62:659-64.
    • (1997) Steroids , vol.62 , pp. 659-664
    • Heuck, C.1    Wolthers, O.D.2    Hansen, M.3    Kollerup, G.4
  • 77
    • 18244387017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts for the United States: Improvements to the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics version
    • Ogden CL, Kuczmarski RJ, Flegal KM, Mei Z, Guo S, Wei R, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts for the United States: improvements to the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics version. Pediatrics 2002;109:45-60.
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.109 , pp. 45-60
    • Ogden, C.L.1    Kuczmarski, R.J.2    Flegal, K.M.3    Mei, Z.4    Guo, S.5    Wei, R.6
  • 78
    • 73149089536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Z-score data files. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/nhanes/growthcharts/zscore/zscore.htm. Accessed November 25, 2002.
    • Z-score Data Files
  • 80
    • 0034642055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of long-term treatment with inhaled budesonide on adult height in children with asthma
    • Agertoft L, Pedersen S. Effect of long-term treatment with inhaled budesonide on adult height in children with asthma. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1064-9.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 1064-1069
    • Agertoft, L.1    Pedersen, S.2
  • 81
    • 0027290024 scopus 로고
    • Importance of the inhalation device on the effect of budesonide
    • Agertoft L, Pedersen S. Importance of the inhalation device on the effect of budesonide. Arch Dis Child 1993;69:130-3.
    • (1993) Arch Dis Child , vol.69 , pp. 130-133
    • Agertoft, L.1    Pedersen, S.2
  • 82
    • 0032711090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term lower leg growth rate in children with rhinitis treated with intranasal mometasone furoate and budesonide
    • Agertoft L, Pedersen S. Short-term lower leg growth rate in children with rhinitis treated with intranasal mometasone furoate and budesonide. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:948-52.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.104 , pp. 948-952
    • Agertoft, L.1    Pedersen, S.2
  • 85
    • 0036855114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expert panel report: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma - Update on selected topics 2002
    • National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Science Base Committee and Expert Panel on the Management of Asthma. Expert panel report: guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma - update on selected topics 2002. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;110(suppl):S141-S219.
    • (2002) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.110 , Issue.SUPPL.
  • 87
    • 0034771406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a glucocorticoid receptor in the bovine lens?
    • Jobling AL, Augusteyn RC. Is there a glucocorticoid receptor in the bovine lens? Exp Eye Res 2001;72:687-94.
    • (2001) Exp Eye Res , vol.72 , pp. 687-694
    • Jobling, A.L.1    Augusteyn, R.C.2
  • 92
    • 84873780949 scopus 로고
    • Statistical attributes of the steroid hypertensive response in the clinically normal eye. I: The demonstration of three levels of response
    • Armaly MF. Statistical attributes of the steroid hypertensive response in the clinically normal eye. I: The demonstration of three levels of response. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1965;4:187-91.
    • (1965) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.4 , pp. 187-191
    • Armaly, M.F.1
  • 93
    • 17644433309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular pharmacology and molecular biology of the trabecular meshwork inducible glucocorticoid response gene product
    • Polansky JR, Fauss DJ, Chen P, Chen H, Lutjen-Drecoll E, Johnson D, et al. Cellular pharmacology and molecular biology of the trabecular meshwork inducible glucocorticoid response gene product. Ophthalmologica 1997;211:126-39.
    • (1997) Ophthalmologica , vol.211 , pp. 126-139
    • Polansky, J.R.1    Fauss, D.J.2    Chen, P.3    Chen, H.4    Lutjen-Drecoll, E.5    Johnson, D.6
  • 95
    • 0034447291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of latanoprost on intraocular pressure in steroid-induced glaucoma
    • Scherer WJ, Hauber FA. Effect of latanoprost on intraocular pressure in steroid-induced glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2000;9:179-82.
    • (2000) J Glaucoma , vol.9 , pp. 179-182
    • Scherer, W.J.1    Hauber, F.A.2
  • 97
    • 0033645659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between intraocular pressure and budesonide inhalation therapy in asthmatic patients
    • Duh MS, Walker AM, Lindmark B, Laties AM. Association between intraocular pressure and budesonide inhalation therapy in asthmatic patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2000;85:356-61.
    • (2000) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol , vol.85 , pp. 356-361
    • Duh, M.S.1    Walker, A.M.2    Lindmark, B.3    Laties, A.M.4
  • 99
    • 0032692875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glaucoma secondary to topical use of steroid cream
    • thoe Schwartzenberg GW, Buys YM. Glaucoma secondary to topical use of steroid cream. Can J Ophthalmol 1999;34:222-5.
    • (1999) Can J Ophthalmol , vol.34 , pp. 222-225
    • Thoe Schwartzenberg, G.W.1    Buys, Y.M.2
  • 100
    • 0033773129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vernal keratoconjunctivitis revisited: A case series of 195 patients with long-term followup
    • Bonini S, Bonini S, Lambiase A, Marchi S, Pasqualetti P, Zuccaro O, et al. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis revisited: a case series of 195 patients with long-term followup. Ophthalmology 2000;107:1157-63.
    • (2000) Ophthalmology , vol.107 , pp. 1157-1163
    • Bonini, S.1    Bonini, S.2    Lambiase, A.3    Marchi, S.4    Pasqualetti, P.5    Zuccaro, O.6
  • 102
    • 0019310037 scopus 로고
    • Ocular findings in atopic dermatitis with special reference to the clinical features of atopic cataract
    • Amemiya T, Matsuda H, Uehara M. Ocular findings in atopic dermatitis with special reference to the clinical features of atopic cataract. Ophthalmologica 1980;180:129-32.
    • (1980) Ophthalmologica , vol.180 , pp. 129-132
    • Amemiya, T.1    Matsuda, H.2    Uehara, M.3
  • 103
    • 0027468843 scopus 로고
    • Association of ocular cataracts with inhaled and oral steroid therapy during long-term treatment of asthma
    • Toogood JH, Markov AE, Baskerville J, Dyson C. Association of ocular cataracts with inhaled and oral steroid therapy during long-term treatment of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993;91:571-9.
    • (1993) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.91 , pp. 571-579
    • Toogood, J.H.1    Markov, A.E.2    Baskerville, J.3    Dyson, C.4
  • 104
    • 0027237492 scopus 로고
    • Absence of posterior subcapsular cataracts in young patients treated with inhaled glucocorticoids
    • Simons FE, Persaud MP, Gillespie CA, Cheang M, Shuckett EP. Absence of posterior subcapsular cataracts in young patients treated with inhaled glucocorticoids. Lancet 1993;342:776-8.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 776-778
    • Simons, F.E.1    Persaud, M.P.2    Gillespie, C.A.3    Cheang, M.4    Shuckett, E.P.5
  • 105
    • 0029078927 scopus 로고
    • Posterior subcapsular cataract and inhaled corticosteroid therapy
    • Abuekteish F, Kirkpatrick JN, Russell G. Posterior subcapsular cataract and inhaled corticosteroid therapy. Thorax 1995;50:674-6.
    • (1995) Thorax , vol.50 , pp. 674-676
    • Abuekteish, F.1    Kirkpatrick, J.N.2    Russell, G.3
  • 106
    • 0032891562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled corticosteroids and cataract: Prevalence, prevention and management
    • Cumming RG, Mitchell P. Inhaled corticosteroids and cataract: prevalence, prevention and management. Drug Saf 1999;20:77-84.
    • (1999) Drug Saf , vol.20 , pp. 77-84
    • Cumming, R.G.1    Mitchell, P.2
  • 107
    • 0032511375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of inhaled corticosteroid use with cataract extraction in elderly patients
    • Garbe E, Suissa S, LeLorier J. Association of inhaled corticosteroid use with cataract extraction in elderly patients. JAMA 1998;280:539-43.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 539-543
    • Garbe, E.1    Suissa, S.2    LeLorier, J.3
  • 108
    • 0030859363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of cataracts
    • Cumming RG, Mitchell P, Leeder SR. Use of inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of cataracts. N Engl J Med 1997;337:8-14.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 8-14
    • Cumming, R.G.1    Mitchell, P.2    Leeder, S.R.3
  • 110
    • 0036123446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stevens-Johnson syndrome developing in a girl with systemic lupus erythematosus on high-dose corticosteroid therapy
    • Samimi SS, Siegfried E. Stevens-Johnson syndrome developing in a girl with systemic lupus erythematosus on high-dose corticosteroid therapy. Pediatr Dermatol 2002;19:52-5.
    • (2002) Pediatr Dermatol , vol.19 , pp. 52-55
    • Samimi, S.S.1    Siegfried, E.2
  • 113
    • 0020595256 scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroid atrophy in human skin: A study by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy
    • Lehmann P, Zheng P, Lavker RM, Kligman AM. Corticosteroid atrophy in human skin: a study by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. J Invest Dermatol 1983;81:169-76.
    • (1983) J Invest Dermatol , vol.81 , pp. 169-176
    • Lehmann, P.1    Zheng, P.2    Lavker, R.M.3    Kligman, A.M.4
  • 114
    • 0024424040 scopus 로고
    • Steroid-induced dermal atrophy: Investigations on discontinuous application
    • Lubach D, Bensmann A, Bornemann U. Steroid-induced dermal atrophy: investigations on discontinuous application. Dermatologica 1989;179:67-72.
    • (1989) Dermatologica , vol.179 , pp. 67-72
    • Lubach, D.1    Bensmann, A.2    Bornemann, U.3
  • 115
    • 0027259365 scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroids induce proliferation but do not influence TNF- or IL-1β-induced ICAM-1 expression of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro
    • Hettmannsperger U, Tenorio S, Orfanos CE, Detmar M. Corticosteroids induce proliferation but do not influence TNF- or IL-1β-induced ICAM-1 expression of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Arch Dermatol Res 1993;285:347-51.
    • (1993) Arch Dermatol Res , vol.285 , pp. 347-351
    • Hettmannsperger, U.1    Tenorio, S.2    Orfanos, C.E.3    Detmar, M.4
  • 116
    • 0017188358 scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroid-induced cutaneous atrophy and telangiectasia: Experimental production associated with weight loss in rats
    • Smith JG Jr, Wehr RF, Chalker DK. Corticosteroid-induced cutaneous atrophy and telangiectasia: experimental production associated with weight loss in rats. Arch Dermatol 1976;112:1115-7.
    • (1976) Arch Dermatol , vol.112 , pp. 1115-1117
    • Smith J.G., Jr.1    Wehr, R.F.2    Chalker, D.K.3
  • 118
    • 0017088817 scopus 로고
    • Tachyphylaxis to topically applied steroids
    • du Vivier A. Tachyphylaxis to topically applied steroids. Arch Dermatol 1976;112:1245-8.
    • (1976) Arch Dermatol , vol.112 , pp. 1245-1248
    • Du Vivier, A.1
  • 119
    • 0024336732 scopus 로고
    • Topical all-trans-retinoic acid prevents corticosteroid-induced skin atrophy without abrogating the anti-inflammatory effect
    • Lesnik RH, Mezick JA, Capetola R, Kligman LH. Topical all-trans-retinoic acid prevents corticosteroid-induced skin atrophy without abrogating the anti-inflammatory effect. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:186-90.
    • (1989) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.21 , pp. 186-190
    • Lesnik, R.H.1    Mezick, J.A.2    Capetola, R.3    Kligman, L.H.4
  • 120
    • 0025228045 scopus 로고
    • Reversal effects of topical retinoic acid on the skin of kidney transplant recipients under systemic corticotherapy
    • De Lacharriére O, Escoffier C, Gracia AM, Teillac D, Saint Léger D, Berrebi C, et al. Reversal effects of topical retinoic acid on the skin of kidney transplant recipients under systemic corticotherapy. J Invest Dermatol 1990;95:516-22.
    • (1990) J Invest Dermatol , vol.95 , pp. 516-522
    • De Lacharriére, O.1    Escoffier, C.2    Gracia, A.M.3    Teillac, D.4    Saint Léger, D.5    Berrebi, C.6
  • 121
    • 0030015147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concurrent application of tretinoin (retinoic acid) partially protects against corticosteroid-induced epidermal atrophy
    • McMichael AJ, Griffiths CE, Talwar HS, Finkel LJ, Rafal ES, Hamilton TA, et al. Concurrent application of tretinoin (retinoic acid) partially protects against corticosteroid-induced epidermal atrophy. Br J Dermatol 1996;135:60-4.
    • (1996) Br J Dermatol , vol.135 , pp. 60-64
    • McMichael, A.J.1    Griffiths, C.E.2    Talwar, H.S.3    Finkel, L.J.4    Rafal, E.S.5    Hamilton, T.A.6
  • 122
    • 0001392587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disorders of connective tissue
    • Champion RH, Burton JL, Burns DA, Breathnach SM, eds. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Science, Inc
    • Burton JL, Lovell CR. Disorders of connective tissue. In: Champion RH, Burton JL, Burns DA, Breathnach SM, eds. Textbook of Dermatology. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Science, Inc; 1998. p. 2003-71.
    • (1998) Textbook of Dermatology , pp. 2003-2071
    • Burton, J.L.1    Lovell, C.R.2
  • 123
    • 0003346808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical and thermal injury
    • Champion RH, Burton JL, Burns DA, Breathnach SM, eds. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Science Inc
    • Kennedy CTC. Mechanical and thermal injury. In: Champion RH, Burton JL, Burns DA, Breathnach SM, eds. Textbook of dermatology. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Science Inc; 1998. p. 883-956.
    • (1998) Textbook of Dermatology , pp. 883-956
    • Kennedy, C.T.C.1
  • 124
    • 0015856193 scopus 로고
    • A rapid increase in skin extensibility due to prednisolone
    • Burton JL, Shuster S. A rapid increase in skin extensibility due to prednisolone. Br J Dermatol 1973;89:491-5.
    • (1973) Br J Dermatol , vol.89 , pp. 491-495
    • Burton, J.L.1    Shuster, S.2
  • 126
    • 0035861467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone mass density and skin tensile properties
    • Piérard GE, Vanderplaetsen S, Piérard-Franchimont C. Comparative effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone mass density and skin tensile properties. Maturitas 2001;40:221-7.
    • (2001) Maturitas , vol.40 , pp. 221-227
    • Piérard, G.E.1    Vanderplaetsen, S.2    Piérard-Franchimont, C.3
  • 127
    • 0030953914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects of corticosteroid therapy for COPD: A critical review
    • McEvoy CE, Niewoehner DE. Adverse effects of corticosteroid therapy for COPD: a critical review. Chest 1997;111:732-43.
    • (1997) Chest , vol.111 , pp. 732-743
    • McEvoy, C.E.1    Niewoehner, D.E.2
  • 128
    • 0025368394 scopus 로고
    • Purpura and dermal thinning associated with high dose inhaled corticosteroids
    • Capewell S, Reynolds S, Shuttleworth D, Edwards C, Finlay AY. Purpura and dermal thinning associated with high dose inhaled corticosteroids. BMJ 1990;300:1548-51.
    • (1990) BMJ , vol.300 , pp. 1548-1551
    • Capewell, S.1    Reynolds, S.2    Shuttleworth, D.3    Edwards, C.4    Finlay, A.Y.5
  • 130
    • 0031915355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term inhaled corticosteroids on skin collagen synthesis and thickness in asthmatic patients
    • Haapasaari K, Rossi O, Risteli J, Oikarinen A. Effects of long-term inhaled corticosteroids on skin collagen synthesis and thickness in asthmatic patients. Eur Respir J 1998;11:139-43.
    • (1998) Eur Respir J , vol.11 , pp. 139-143
    • Haapasaari, K.1    Rossi, O.2    Risteli, J.3    Oikarinen, A.4
  • 131
    • 0026806260 scopus 로고
    • Easy bruising as a side-effect of inhaled corticosteroids
    • Mak VH, Melchor R, Spiro SG. Easy bruising as a side-effect of inhaled corticosteroids. Eur Respir J 1992;5:1068-74.
    • (1992) Eur Respir J , vol.5 , pp. 1068-1074
    • Mak, V.H.1    Melchor, R.2    Spiro, S.G.3
  • 132
    • 0030023452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin bruising in asthmatic subjects treated with high doses of inhaled steroids: Frequency and association with adrenal function
    • Roy A, Leblanc C, Paquette L, Ghezzo H, Côté J, Cartier A, et al. Skin bruising in asthmatic subjects treated with high doses of inhaled steroids: frequency and association with adrenal function. Eur Respir J 1996;9:226-31.
    • (1996) Eur Respir J , vol.9 , pp. 226-231
    • Roy, A.1    Leblanc, C.2    Paquette, L.3    Ghezzo, H.4    Côté, J.5    Cartier, A.6
  • 133
    • 0031835117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids: Results of a questionnaire survey of asthma specialists
    • Storms WW, Theen C. Clinical adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids: results of a questionnaire survey of asthma specialists. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1998;80:391-4.
    • (1998) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol , vol.80 , pp. 391-394
    • Storms, W.W.1    Theen, C.2
  • 134
    • 0031913201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perception of the role and potential side effects of inhaled corticosteroids among asthmatic patients
    • Boulet LP. Perception of the role and potential side effects of inhaled corticosteroids among asthmatic patients. Chest 1998;113:587-92.
    • (1998) Chest , vol.113 , pp. 587-592
    • Boulet, L.P.1
  • 135
    • 0042501943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescribing information: Vanceril 84 μg double strength
    • Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc
    • Prescribing information: Vanceril 84 μg double strength. In: Physicians' desk reference. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc; 2002. p. 3167-9.
    • (2002) Physicians' Desk Reference , pp. 3167-3169
  • 136
    • 0034643610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of fluticasone propionate in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The ISOLDE trial
    • Burge PS, Calverley PMA, Jones PW, Spencer S, Anderson JA, Maslen TK. Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of fluticasone propionate in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the ISOLDE trial. BMJ 2000;320:1297-303.
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.320 , pp. 1297-1303
    • Burge, P.S.1    Calverley, P.M.A.2    Jones, P.W.3    Spencer, S.4    Anderson, J.A.5    Maslen, T.K.6
  • 137
    • 0034727828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of inhaled triamcinolone on the decline in pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • The Lung Health Study Research Group. Effect of inhaled triamcinolone on the decline in pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1902-9.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 1902-1909
  • 138
    • 0027238546 scopus 로고
    • Slowing the deterioration of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease observed during bronchodilator therapy by adding inhaled corticosteroids: A 4-year prospective study
    • Dompeling E, van Schayck CP, van Grunsven PM, van Herwaarden CL, Akkermans R, Molema J, et al. Slowing the deterioration of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease observed during bronchodilator therapy by adding inhaled corticosteroids: a 4-year prospective study. Ann Intern Med 1993;118:770-8.
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.118 , pp. 770-778
    • Dompeling, E.1    Van Schayck, C.P.2    Van Grunsven, P.M.3    Van Herwaarden, C.L.4    Akkermans, R.5    Molema, J.6
  • 139
    • 0032515756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial of inhaled fluticasone propionate in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Paggiaro PL, Dahle R, Bakran I, Frith L, Hollingworth K, Efthimiou J. Multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial of inhaled fluticasone propionate in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet 1998;351:773-80.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 773-780
    • Paggiaro, P.L.1    Dahle, R.2    Bakran, I.3    Frith, L.4    Hollingworth, K.5    Efthimiou, J.6
  • 140
    • 0033614639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effect of inhaled budesonide in mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomised controlled trial
    • Vestbo J, Sorensen T, Lange P, Brix A, Torre P, Viskum K. Long-term effect of inhaled budesonide in mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999;353:1819-23.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 1819-1823
    • Vestbo, J.1    Sorensen, T.2    Lange, P.3    Brix, A.4    Torre, P.5    Viskum, K.6
  • 141
    • 0345188819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment with inhaled budesonide in persons with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who continue smoking
    • Pauwels RA, Löfdahl CG, Laitinen LA, Schouten JP, Postma DS, Pride NB, et al. Long-term treatment with inhaled budesonide in persons with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who continue smoking. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1948-53.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 1948-1953
    • Pauwels, R.A.1    Löfdahl, C.G.2    Laitinen, L.A.3    Schouten, J.P.4    Postma, D.S.5    Pride, N.B.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.