In the wake of betrayal: Amends, forgiveness, and the resolution of betrayal

Personal Relationships

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 253-278

  Hannon, Peggy A ^a   Rusbult, Caryl E ^b   Finkel, Eli J ^c   Kamashiro, Madoka ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^c NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77954167900     PISSN: 13504126     EISSN: 14756811     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01275.x     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Baron R M, Kenny D A. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1986, 51:1173-1182.
2. Baumeister R F, Stillwell A M, Heatherton T F. Personal narratives about guilt: Role in action control and interpersonal relationships. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 1995, 17:173-198.
3. Baumeister R F, Stillwell A M, Wotman S R. Victim and perpetrator accounts of interpersonal conflict: Autobiographical narratives about anger. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1990, 59:994-1005.
4. Bolger N, Davis A, Rafaeli E. Diary methods: Capturing life as it is lived. Annual Review of Psychology 2003, 54:579-616.
5. Bolger N, Zuckerman A, Kessler R C. Invisible support and adjustment to stress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2000, 79:953-961.
6. Eaton J, Struthers C W, Shomrony A, Santelli A G. When apologies fail: The moderating effect of implicit and explicit self-esteem on apology and forgiveness. Self and Identity 2007, 6:209-222.
7. Enright R D. Counseling within the forgiveness triad: On forgiving, receiving forgiveness, and self-forgiveness. Counseling and Values 1996, 40:107-122. the Human Development Study Group
8. Exline J J, DeShea L, Holeman V T. Is apology worth the risk? Predictors, outcomes, and ways to avoid regret. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2007, 26:479-504.
9. Fincham F D. The kiss of the porcupine: From attributing responsibility to forgiving. Personal Relationships 2000, 7:1-23.
10. Finkel E J, Rusbult C E, Kumashiro M, Hannon P A. Dealing with betrayal in close relationships: Does commitment promote forgiveness? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2002, 82:956-974.
11. Frantz C M, Bennigson C. Better late than early: The influence of timing on apology. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2005, 41:201-207.
12. Freedman S. Forgiveness and reconciliation: The importance of understanding how they differ. Counseling and Values 1998, 42:200-217.
13. Gonzales M H, Manning D J, Haugen J A. Explaining our sins: Factors influencing offender accounts and anticipated victim responses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1992, 62:958-971.
14. Gottman J M. Psychology and the study of marital processes. Annual Review of Psychology 1998, 49:169-197.
15. Hodgins H S, Liebeskind E. Apology versus defense: Antecedents and consequences. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2003, 39:297-316.
16. Hodgins H S, Liebeskind E, Schwartz W. Getting out of hot water: Facework in social predicaments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1996, 71:300-314.
17. Holmes J G, Rempel J K. Trust in close relationships. Review of personality and social psychology 1989, 187-220. Hendrick C, (Ed.)(Vol. 10, London, England, Sage
18. Five points on the construct of forgiveness within psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training 1991, 28:493-496. Human Development Study Group
19. Kearns J N, Fincham F D. Victim and perpetrator accounts of interpersonal transgressions: Self-serving or relationship-serving biases? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2005, 31:321-333.
20. Kelley H H. The theoretical description of interdependence by means of transition lists. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1984, 47:956-982.
21. Kelley H H, Holmes J G, Kerr N L, Reis H T, Rusbult C E, Van Lange P A M. An atlas of interpersonal situations 2003, New York, NY, Cambridge University Press
22. Kenny D A, Kashy D A, Bolger N. Data analysis in social psychology. Handbook of social psychology 1998, 233-265. Gilbert D T, Fiske S T, Lindzey G. (Eds.)4th ed, Vol. 1, New York, NY, McGraw-Hill
23. Kenny D A, Mannetti L, Pierro A, Livi S, Kashy D A. The statistical analysis of data from small groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2002, 83:126-137.
24. Laurenceau J P, Barrett L F, Pietromonaco P R. Intimacy as an interpersonal process: The importance of self-disclosure, partner disclosure, and perceived partner responsiveness in interpersonal exchanges. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1998, 74:1238-1251.
25. Leary M R, Springer C, Negel L, Ansell E, Evans K. The causes, phenomenology, and consequences of hurt feelings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1998, 74:1225-1237.
26. McCullough M E, Bono G, Root I M. Rumination, emotion, and forgiveness: Three longitudinal studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2007, 92:490-505.
27. McCullough M E, Rachal K C, Sandage S J, Worthington E L, Brown S W, Hight T L. Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships: II. Theoretical elaboration and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1998, 75:1586-1603.
28. McCullough M E, Worthington E L, Rachal K C. Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1997, 73:321-336.
29. Mullet E, Houdbine A, Laumonier S, Girard M. "Forgivingness": Factor structure in a sample of young, middle-aged, and elderly adults. European Psychologist 1998, 3:289-297.
30. Nezlek J B. Multilevel random coefficient analyses of event-and interval-contingent data in social and personality psychology research. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2001, 27:771-785.
31. Paleari F G, Regalia C, Fincham F. Marital quality, forgiveness, empathy, and rumination: A longitudinal analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2005, 31:368-378.
32. Paulhus D L. Two-component models of socially desirable responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1984, 46:598-609.
33. Raudenbush S W, Bryk A S. Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods 2002, London, England, Sage
34. Reis H T, Gable S L. Event-sampling and other methods for studying everyday experience. Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology 2000, 190-222. Reis H T, Judd C M. (Eds.) Cambridge, England, Cambridge University Press
35. Reis H T, Shaver P. Intimacy as an interpersonal process. Handbook of personal relationships: Theory, relationships, and interventions 1988, 367-389. Duck S, (Ed.) Chichester, England, Wiley
36. Risen J I, Gilovich T. Target and observer differences in the acceptance of questionable apologies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2007, 92:418-433.
37. Rusbult C E, Martz J M, Agnew C R. The investment model scale: Measuring commitment level, satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. Personal Relationships 1998, 5:357-391.
38. Rusbult C E, Van Lange P A M. Interdependence, interaction, and relationships. Annual Review of Psychology 2003, 54:351-375.
39. Rusbult C E, Verette J, Whitney G A, Slovik L F, Lipkus I. Accommodation processes in close relationships: Theory and preliminary empirical evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1991, 60:53-78.
40. Struthers C W, Eaton J, Santelli A G, Uchiyama M, Shirvani N. The effects of attributions of intent and apology on forgiveness: When saying sorry may not help the story. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2008, 44:983-992.
41. Takaku S. Culture and status as influences on account giving: A comparison between the United States and Japan. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 2000, 30:371-388.
42. Thompson L Y, Snyder C R, Hoffman L, Michael S T, Rasmussen H N, Billings L S, Roberts D E. Dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. Journal of Personality 2005, 73:313-359.
43. Weiner B, Graham S, Peter O, Zmuidinas M. Public confession and forgiveness. Journal of Personality 1991, 59:281-312.
44. Handbook of forgiveness 2005, Worthington E L. (Ed.). (, New York, NY, Brunner-Routledge
45. Yovetich N A, Rusbult C E. Accommodative behavior in close relationships: Exploring transformation of motivation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 1994, 30:138-164.
46. Zechmeister J S, Garcia S, Romero C, Vas S N. Don't apologize unless you mean it: A laboratory investigation of forgiveness and retaliation. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2004, 23:532-564.
47. Zechmeister J S, Romero C. Victim and offender accounts of interpersonal conflict: Autobiographical narratives of forgiveness and unforgiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2002, 82:675-686.