Section 6: Nonpharmacologic Management and Health Care Maintenance in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

Journal of Cardiac Failure

Volumn 16, Issue 6, 2010, Pages

  Heart Failure Society of America, ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANEMIA; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; CACHEXIA; CHRONIC DISEASE; CLINICAL EVALUATION; CLINICAL FEATURE; COMORBIDITY; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; EXERCISE; FLUID INTAKE; FOLLOW UP; HEART FAILURE; HUMAN; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; POSITIVE END EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SODIUM RESTRICTION; VACCINATION;

EID: 77953624302     PISSN: 10719164     EISSN: 15328414     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2010.05.015     Document Type: Article

References (135)

1. Bennet S.J., Huster G.A., Baker S.L., Milgrom A.L.B., Kirchgassner B.J., et al. Characterization of the precipiatants of hospitalization for heart failure decompensation. Am J Crit Care 7 (1998) 168-174
2. Michalsen A., Konig G., and Thimme W. Preventable causative factors leading to hospital admission with decompensated heart failure. Heart 80 (1998) 437-441
3. Tsuyuki R.T., McKelvie R.S., Arnold J.M., Avezum Jr. A., Barretto A.C., Carvalho A.C., et al. Acute precipitants of congestive heart failure exacerbations. Arch Intern Med 161 (2001) 2337-2342
4. Francis G.S., Benedict C., Johnstone D.E., Kirlin P.C., Nicklas J., Liang C.S., et al. Comparison of neuroendocrine activation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction with and without congestive heart failure. A substudy of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD). Circulation 82 (1990) 1724-1729
5. Colin Ramirez E., Castillo Martinez L., Orea Tejeda A., Rebollar Gonzalez V., Narvaez David R., and Asensio Lafuente E. Effects of a nutritional intervention on body composition, clinical status, and quality of life in patients with heart failure. Nutrition 20 (2004) 890-895
6. Meadows R., and Johnson E.D. Clinical inquiries. Does a low salt diet reduce morbidity and mortality in congestive heart failure?. J Fam Pract 51 (2002) 615
7. American Heart Association website. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4708. Accessed November 25, 2008.
8. Estes Jr. E.H., Sieker H.O., Mclntosh H.D., and Kelser G.A. Reversible cardio-pulmonary syndrome with extreme obesity. Circulation 16 (1957) 179-187
9. Alpert M.A., Terry B.E., Mulekar M., Cohen M.V., Massey C.V., Fan T.M., et al. Cardiac morphology and left ventricular function in normoten-sive morbidly obese patients with and without congestive heart failure, and effect of weight loss. Am J Cardiol 80 (1997) 736-740
10. Horwich T.B., Fonarow G.C., Hamilton M.A., MacLellan W.R., Woo M.A., and Tillisch J.H. The relationship between obesity and mortality in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 38 (2001) 789-795
11. Davos C.H., Doehner W., Rauchhaus M., Ciciora M., Francis D.P., Coats A.J., et al. Body mass and survival in patients with chronic heart failure without cachexia: the importance of obesity. J Card. Fail 9 (2003) 29-35
12. Curtis J.P., Selter J.G., Wang Y., Rathore S.S., Jovin I.S., Jadbabaie F., et al. The obesity paradox: body mass index and outcomes in patients with heart failure. Arch Intern Med 165 (2005) 55-61
13. Fonarow G.C. The relationship between body mass index and mortality in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure. Am Heart J 154 (2007) e21
14. Kenchaiah S., Pocock S.J., Wang D., Finn P.V., Zornoff L.A., Skali H., et al. Booody mass index and prognosis in patients with heart failure: insights from the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program. Circulation 116 (2007) 627-636
15. Pischon T., Boeing H., Hoffman, et al. General and abdominal adiposity and risk of death in Europe. N Engl J Med 359 (2008) 2105-2120
16. Ammar K.A., Redfield M.M., Mahoney D.W., Johnson M., Jacobsen S.J., and Rodeheffer R.J. Central obesity: association with left ventricular dysfunction and mortality in the community. Am Heart J 156 (2008) 975-981
17. Sagar U.N., Ahmed M.M., Adams S., and Whellan D.J. Does body mass index really matter in the management of heart failure: a review of the literature. Cardiol Rev 16 (2008) 124-128
18. Mohamed-Ali v., Goodrick S., Bulmer K., Holly J.M., Yudkin J.S., and Coppack S.W. Production of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors by human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo. Am J Physiol 277 (1999) E971-E975
19. Hernandez A.F., Whellan D.J., Stroud S., Sun J.L., O'Connor C.M., and Jollis J.G. Outcomes in heart failure patients after major noncardiac surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 44 (2004) 1446-1453
20. Flum D.R., and Dellinger E.P. Impact of gastric bypass operation on survival: a population-based analysis. J Am Coll Surg 199 (2004) 543-551
21. Ikonomidis I., Mazarakis A., Papadopoulis C., Patsouras N., Kalfarentzos F., Lekakis J., et al. Weight loss after bariatric surgery improves aortic elastic properties and left ventricular function in individuals with morbid obesity: a 3-year follow-up study. J Hypertens 25 (2007) 439-447
22. Ristow B., Rabkin J., and Haeusslein E. Improvement in dilated cardiomyopathy after bariatric surgery. J Card Fail 14 (2008) 198-202
23. McClosky C.A., Ramani G.V., Mathier M.A., Schauer P.R., Eid G.M., Mattar S.G., et al. Bariatric surgery improves cardiac function in morbidly obese patients with severe cardiomyopathy. Surg Obes Relat Dis 3 (2007) 503-507
24. Whellan D.J., Gaulden L., Gattis W.A., Granger B., Russell S.D., Blazing M.A., et al. The benefit of implementing a heart failure disease management program. Arch Intern Med 161 (2001) 2223-2228
25. Gibbs C.R., Jackson G., and Lip G.Y. ABC of heart failure. Non-drug management. BMJ 320 (2000) 366-369
26. English K.M., Steeds R.P., Jones T.H., Diver M.J., and Channer K.S. Low-dose transdermal testosterone therapy improves angina threshold in men with chronic stable angina: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Circulation 102 (2000) 1906-1911
27. Ershow A.G., and Costello R.B. Dietary guidance in heart failure: a perspective on needs for prevention and management. Heart Fail Rev 11 (2006) 7-12
28. Witte K.K., and Clark A.L. Micronutrients and their supplementation in chronic cardiac failure. An update beyond theoretical perspectives. Heart Fail Rev 11 (2006) 65-74
29. Gorelik O., Almoznino-Sarafian D., Feder I., Wachsman O., Alon I., Litvinjuk V., et al. Dietary intake of various nutrients in older patients with congestive heart failure. Cardiology 99 (2003) 177-181
30. Ackman M.L., Campbell J.B., Buzak K.A., Tsuyuki R.T., Montague T.J., and Teo K.K. Use of nonprescription medications by patients with congestive heart failure. Ann Pharmacother 33 (1999) 674-679
31. Holubarsch C.J., Colucci W.S., Meinertz T., Gaus W., Tendera M., on behalf of the Survival and Prognosis, and Investigation of Crataegus Extract WS® 1442 in CHF (SPICE) trial study group. The efficacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS® 1442 in patients with heart failure: The SPICE trial. Eur J Heart Fail (2008 Nov 17)
32. D'Arcy P.F. Adverse reactions and interactions with herbal medicines. Part 2-Drug interactions. Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev 12 (1993) 147-162
33. Javaheri S., Parker T.J., Liming J.D., Corbett W.S., Nishiyama H., Wexler L., et al. Sleep apnea in 81 ambulatory male patients with stable heart failure. Types and their prevalence, consequences, and presentations. Circulation 97 (1998) 2154-2159
34. Sin D.D., Fitzgerald F., Parker J.D., Newton G., Floras J.S., and Bradley T.D. Risk factors for central and obstructive sleep apnea in 450 men and women with congestive heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160 (1999) 1101-1106
35. Tremel F., Pepin J.L., Veale D., Wuyam B., Siche J.P., Mallion J.M., et al. High prevalence and persistence of sleep apnoea in patients referred for acute left ventricular failure and medically treated over 2 months. Eur Heart J 20 (1999) 1201-1209
36. Pepperell J.C., Maskell N.A., Jones D.R., Langford-Wiley B.A., Crosthwaite N., Stradling J.R., et al. A randomized controlled trial of adaptive ventilation for Cheyne-Stokes breathing in heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 168 (2003) 1109-1114
37. Kaneko Y., Floras J.S., Usui K., Plante J., Tkacova R., Kubo T., Ando S., and Bradley T.D. Cardiovascular effects of continuous positive airway pressure in patients with heart failure and obstructive sleep apnea. N Engl J Med 348 (2003) 1233-1241
38. Blankfield R.P., Ahmed M., and Zyzanski S.J. Effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure on edema in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med 5 (2004) 589-592
39. Usui K., Bradley T.D., Spaak J., Ryan C.M., Kubo T., Kaneko Y., and Floras J.S. Inhibition of awake sympathetic nerve activity of heart failure patients with obstructive sleep apnea by nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure. J Am Coll Cardiol 45 (2005) 2008-2011
40. Ryan C.M., Usui K., Floras J.S., and Bradley T.D. Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on ventricular ectopy in heart failure patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Thorax 60 (2005) 781-785
41. Bradley T.D., Logan A.G., Kimoff R.J., Series F., Morrison D., Ferguson K., et al. CANPAP Investigators. Continuous positive airway pressure for central sleep apnea and heart failure. N Engl J Med 353 (2005) 2025-2033
42. Sullivan M., Levy W.C., Russo J.E., and Spertus J.A. Depression and health status in patients with advanced heart failure: a prospective study in tertiary care. J Card Fail 10 (2004) 390-396
43. Friedmann E., Thomas S.A., Liu F., Morton P.G., Chapa D., and Gottlieb S.S. Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial Investigators. Relationship of depression, anxiety, and social isolation to chronic heart failure outpatient mortality. Am Heart J 152 (2006) 940.e1-e8
44. Westlake C., Dracup K., Fonarow G., and Hamilton M. Depression in patients with heart failure. J Card Fail 11 (2005) 30-35
45. Rumsfeld J.S., Jones P.G., Whooley M.A., Sullivan M.D., Pitt B., Weintraub W.S., and Spertus J.A. Depression predicts mortality and hospitalization in patients with myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure. Am Heart J 150 (2005) 961-967
46. Havranek E.P., Spertus J.A., Masoudi F.A., Jones P.G., and Rumsfeld J.S. Predictors of the onset of depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 44 (2004) 2333-2338
47. O'Connor C.M., Jiang W., Kuchibhatla M., Mehta R.H., Clary G.L., Cuffe M.S., et al. Antidepressant use, depression, and survival in patients with heart failure. Arch Int Med 168 (2008) 2232-2237
48. Jiang W., Kuchibhatla M., Cuffe M.S., Christopher E.J., Alexander J.D., Clary G.L., et al. Prognostic value of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 110 (2004) 3452-3456
49. Glueck B.C., and Stroebel C.F. Biofeedback and meditation in the treatment of psychiatric illnesses. Curr Psychiatr Ther 15 (1975) 109-116
50. Middlekauff H.R., Hui K., Yu J.L., Hamilton M.A., Fonarow G.C., Moriguchi J., et al. Acupuncture inhibits sympathetic activation during mental stress in advanced heart failure patients. J Card Fail 8 (2002) 399-406
51. Schwarz E.R., Rastogi S., Kapur V., Sulemanjee N., and Rodriguez J.J. Erectile dysfunction in heart failure patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 48 (2006) 1111-1119
52. Hirata K., Adji A., Vlachopoulos C., and O'Rourke M.F. Effect of sildenafil on cardiac performance in patients with heart failure. Am J Cardiol 96 (2005) 1436-1440
53. Lewis G.D., Lachmann J., Camuso J., Lepore J.J., Shin J., Martinovic M.E., et al. Sildenafil improves exercise hemodynamics and oxygen uptake in patients with systolic heart failure. Circulation 115 (2007) 59-66
54. Bocchi E.A., Guimaraes G., Mocelin A., Bacal F., Bellotti G., and Ramires J.F. Sildenafil effects on exercise, neurohormonal activation, and erectile dysfunction in congestive heart failure: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study followed by a prospective treatment for erectile dysfunction. Circulation 106 (2002) 1097-1103
55. Suskin N., Sheth T., Negassa A., and Yusuf S. Relationship of current and past smoking to mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 37 (2001) 1677-1682
56. Aguilar D., Skali H., Moye L.A., Lewis E.F., Gaziano J.M., Rutherford J.D., et al. Alcohol consumption and prognosis in patients with left ventri cular systolic dysfunction after a myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 43 (2004) 2015-2021
57. Salisbury A.C., House J.A., Conard M.W., Krumholz H.M., and Spertus J.A. Low-to-moderate alcohol intake and health status in heart failure patients. J Card Fail 11 (2005) 323-328
58. Wilson W., Taubert K.A., Gewitz M., Lockhart P.B., Baddour L.M., Levison M., et al. Prevention of Infective Endocarditis. Guidelines From the American Heart Association. A Guideline From the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation 116 (2007) 1736-1754
59. Bleumink G.S., Feenstra J., Sturkenboom M.C., and Strieker B.H. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and heart failure. Drugs 63 (2003) 525-534
60. Huerta C., Varas-Lorenzo C., Castellsague J., and Garcia Rodriguez L.A. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of first hospital admission for heart failure in the general population. Heart 92 (2006) 1610-1615
61. Hudson M., Richard H., and Pilote L. Differences in outcomes of patients with congestive heart failure prescribed celecoxib, rofecoxib, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: population based study. BMJ 330 (2005) 1370
62. Mamdani M., Juurlink D.N., Lee D.S., Rochon P.A., Kopp A., Naglie G., et al. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors versus non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and congestive heart failure outcomes in elderly patients: a population-based cohort study. Lancet 363 (2004) 1751-1756
63. O'Connor C.M., Whellan D.J., Lee K.L., Keteyian S.J., Cooper L.S., Ellis S.J., et al. Efficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial. JAMA 301 (2009) 1439-1450
64. Flynn K.E., Pina I.L., Whellan D.J., Lin L., Blumenthal J.A., Ellis S.J., et al. Effects of exercise training on health status in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial. JAMA 301 (2009) 1451-1459
65. Keteyian S.J., Houston-Miller N., Leifer E.S., O'Connor C.M., Whellan D.M., Cooper L.S., et al. A dose-response analysis of patients with heart failure enrolled in a controlled trial investigating outcomes of exercise training (HF-ACTION). American College of Cardiology (March 29, 2009)
66. Coats A.J., Adamopoulos S., Meyer T.E., Conway J., and Sleight P. Effects of physical training in chronic heart failure. Lancet 335 (1990) 63-66
67. Coats A.J., Adamopoulos S., Radaelli A., McCance A., Meyer T.E., Bernard! L., et al. Controlled trial of physical training in chronic heart failure. Exercise performance, hemodynamics, ventilation, and autonomic function. Circulation 85 (1992) 2119-2131
68. Belardinelli R., Georgiou D., Scocco V., Barstow T.J., and Purcaro A. Low intensity exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 26 (1995) 975-982
69. Belardinelli R., Georgiou D., Cianci G., and Purcaro A. Randomized, controlled trial of long-term moderate exercise training in chronic heart failure: effects on functional capacity, quality of life, and clinical outcome. Circulation 99 (1999) 1173-1182
70. Hambrecht R., Niebauer J., Fiehn E., Kalberer B., Offner B., Hauer K., et al. Physical training in patients with stable chronic heart failure: effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and ultrastructural abnormalities of leg muscles. J Am Coll Cardiol 25 (1995) 1239-1249
71. Hambrecht R., Gielen S., Linke A., Fiehn E., Yu J., Walther C., et al. Effects of exercise training on left ventricular function and peripheral resistance in patients with chronic heart failure: A randomized trial. JAMA 283 (2000) 3095-3101
72. Keteyian S.J., Levine A.B., Brawner C.A., Kataoka T., Rogers F.J., Schairer J.R., et al. Exercise training in patients with heart failure. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 124 (1996) 1051-1057
73. Keteyian S.J., Brawner C.A., Schairer J.R., Levine T.B., Levine A.B., Rogers F.J., et al. Effects of exercise training on chronotropic incompetence in patients with heart failure. Am Heart J 138 (1999) 233-240
74. Kiilavuori K., Toivonen L., Naveri H., and Leinonen H. Reversal of autonomic derangements by physical training in chronic heart failure as sessed by heart rate variability. Eur Heart J 16 (1995) 490-495
75. Kiilavuori K., Sovijarvi A., Naveri H., Ikonen T., and Leinonen H. Effect of physical training on exercise capacity and gas exchange in patients with chronic heart failure. Chest 110 (1996) 985-991
76. Koch M., Douard H., and Broustet J.R. The benefit of graded physical exercise in chronic heart failure. Chest 101 5 Suppl (1992) 231S-235S
77. Wielenga R.P., Huisveld I.A., Bol E., Dunselman P.H., Erdman R.A., Baselier M.R., et al. Exercise training in elderly patients with chronic heart failure. Coron Artery Dis 9 (1998) 765-770
78. Willenheimer R., Erhardt L., Cline C., Rydberg E., and Israelsson B. Exercise training in heart failure improves quality of life and exercise capacity. Eur Heart J 19 (1998) 774-781
79. Kiilavuori K., Naveri H., Leinonen H., and Harkonen M. The effect of physical training on hormonal status and exertional hormonal response in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Eur Heart J 20 (1999) 456-464
80. Adamopoulos S., Piepoli M., McCance A., Bernard! L., Rocadaelli A., Ormerod O., et al. Comparison of different methods for assessing sympathovagal balance in chronic congestive heart failure secondary to coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 70 (1992) 1576-1582
81. Adamopoulos S., Ponikowski P., Cerquetani E., Piepoli M., Rosano G., Sleight P., et al. Orcadian pattern of heart rate variability in chronic heart failure patients. Effects of physical training. Eur Heart J 16 (1995) 1380-1386
82. Radaelli A., Coats A.J., Leuzzi S., Piepoli M., Meyer T.E., Calciati A., et al. Physical training enhances sympathetic and parasympathetic control of heart rate and peripheral vessels in chronic heart failure. Clin Sci (Lond) 91 (1996) 92-94
83. Katz S.D., Yuen J., Bijou R., and LeJemtel T.H. Training improves endo-thelium-dependent vasodilation in resistance vessels of patients with heart failure. J Appl Physiol 82 (1997) 1488-1492
84. Tyni-Lenne R., Gordon A., Jansson E., Bermann G., and Sylven C. Skeletal muscle endurance training improves peripheral oxidative capacity, exercise tolerance, and health-related quality of life in women with chronic congestive heart failure secondary to either ischemic cardiomyopathy or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 80 (1997) 1025-1029
85. Hambrecht R., Wolf A., Gielen S., Linke A., Hofer J., Erbs S., et al. Effect of exercise on coronary endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 342 (2000) 454-460
86. Ehsani A.A., Heath G.W., Hagberg J.M., Sobel B.E., and Holloszy J.O. Effects of 12 months of intense exercise training on ischemic ST-segment depression in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 64 (1981) 1116-1124
87. Schuler G., Hambrecht R., Schlierf G., Grunze M., Methfessel S., Hauer K., et al. Myocardial perfusion and regression of coronary artery disease in patients on a regimen of intensive physical exercise and low fat diet. J Am Coll Cardiol 19 (1992) 34-42
88. Schuler G., Hambrecht R., Schlierf G., Niebauer J., Hauer K., Neumann J., et al. Regular physical exercise and low-fat diet. Effects on progression of coronary artery disease. Circulation 86 (1992) 1-11
89. Niebauer J., Hambrecht R., Marburger C., Hauer K., Velich T., von Hodenberg E., et al. Impact of intensive physical exercise and low-fat diet on collateral vessel formation in stable angina pectoris and angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 76 (1995) 771-775
90. McKelvie R.S., Teo K.K., Roberts R., McCartney N., Humen D., Montague T., et al. Effects of exercise training in patients with heart failure: the Exercise Rehabilitation Trial (EXERT). Am Heart J 144 (2002) 23-30
91. Szlachcic J., Massie B.M., Kramer B.L., Topic N., and Tubau J. Correlates and prognostic implication of exercise capacity in chronic congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 55 (1985) 1037-1042
92. Mancini D.M., Eisen H., Kussmaul W., Mull R., Edmunds Jr. L.H., and Wilson J.R. Value of peak exercise oxygen consumption for optimal timing of cardiac transplantation in ambulatory patients with heart failure. Circulation 83 (1991) 778-786
93. Stelken A.M., Younis L.T., Jennison S.H., Miller D.D., Miller L.W., Shaw L.J., et al. Prognostic value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing using percent achieved of predicted peak oxygen uptake for patients with ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 27 (1996) 345-352
94. Myers J. Effects of exercise training on abnormal ventilatory responses to exercise in patients with chronic heart failure. Congest Heart Fail 6 (2000) 243-249
95. Franciosa J.A., Park M., and Levine T.B. Lack of correlation between exercise capacity and indexes of resting left ventricular performance in heart failure. Am J Cardiol 47 (1981) 33-39
96. Higginbotham M.B., Morris K.G., Conn E.H., Coleman R.E., and Cobb F.R. Determinants of variable exercise performance among patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Am J Cardiol 51 (1983) 52-60
97. Conn E.H., Williams R.S., and Wallace A.G. Exercise responses before and after physical conditioning in patients with severely depressed left ventricular function. Am J Cardiol 49 (1982) 296-300
98. Wilson J.R., Martin J.L., Schwartz D., and Ferraro N. Exercise intolerance in patients with chronic heart failure: role of impaired nutritive flow to skeletal muscle. Circulation 69 (1984) 1079-1087
99. Sullivan M.J., Knight J.D., Higginbotham M.B., and Cobb F.R. Relation between central and peripheral hemodynamics during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure. Muscle blood flow is reduced with maintenance of arterial perfusion pressure. Circulation 80 (1989) 769-781
100. Palmer R.M., Ferrige A.G., and Moncada S. Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Nature 327 (1987) 524-526
101. Ignarro L.J., Buga G.M., Wood K.S., Byrns R.E., and Chaudhuri G. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 (1987) 9265-9269
102. Kubo S.H., Rector T.S., Bank A.J., Williams R.E., and Heifetz S.M. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is attenuated in patients with heart failure. Circulation 84 (1991) 1589-1596
103. Hornig B., Maier V., and Drexler H. Physical training improves endothelial function in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 93 (1996) 210-214
104. Hambrecht R., Fiehn E., Weigl C., Gielen S., Hamann C., Kaiser R., et al. Regular physical exercise corrects endothelial dysfunction and improves exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 98 (1998) 2709-2715
105. Wilson J.R., Mancini D.M., and Dunkman W.B. Exertional fatigue due to skeletal muscle dysfunction in patients with heart failure. Circulation 87 (1993) 470-475
106. Wiener D.H., Fink L.I., Maris J., Jones R.A., Chance B., and Wilson J.R. Abnormal skeletal muscle bioenergetics during exercise in patients with heart failure: role of reduced muscle blood flow. Circulation 73 (1986) 1127-1136
107. Massie B.M., Conway M., Rajagopalan B., Yonge R., Frostick S., Ledingham J., et al. Skeletal muscle metabolism during exercise under ischemic conditions in congestive heart failure. Evidence for abnormalities unrelated to blood flow. Circulation 78 (1988) 320-326
108. Lipkin D.P., Jones D.A., Round J.M., and Poole-Wilson P.A. Abnormalities of skeletal muscle in patients with chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol 18 (1988) 187-195
109. Mancini D.M., Coyle E., Coggan A., Beltz J., Ferraro N., Montain S., et al. Contribution of intrinsic skeletal muscle changes to 31P NMR skeletal muscle metabolic abnormalities in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 80 (1989) 1338-1346
110. Sullivan M.J., Green H.J., and Cobb F.R. Skeletal muscle biochemistry and histology in ambulatory patients with long-term heart failure. Circulation 81 (1990) 518-527
111. Sullivan M.J., Higginbotham M.B., and Cobb F.R. Increased exercise ventilation in patients with chronic heart failure: intact ventilatory control despite hemodynamic and pulmonary abnormalities. Circulation 77 (1988) 552-559
112. Piepoli M.F. Exercise training in heart failure. Curr Heart Fail Rep 3 (2006) 33-40
113. Lindenfeld J. Prevalence of anemia and effects on mortality in patients with heart failure. Am Heart J 149 (2005) 391-401
114. Abboud C., and Lichtman M.A. Structure of the marrow. In: Beuier E.L.M., Coller B.S., and Kipps T.J. (Eds). Williams Hematology (1995), McGraw Hill, New York NY 25-38
115. Adams K.F., Patterson J.H., Pina I., Ghali J.K., Mehra M.R., Oren R.M., et al. STAMINA-HFP (Study of anemia in a heart failure population) regis try: rationale, design and patient characteristics. J Card Failure 9 Suppl (2003) S73
116. Wagoner L.E., Butler J., Oren R.M., Ghali J.K., Pina I., Miller A.B., et al. Anemia is common in patients with heart failure seen in specialty and community cardiology clinics: results from the STAMINA-HFP registry (Study of anemia in a heart failure population). J Am Coll Cardiol 43 Suppl (2004) 217A
117. Iverson P.O., Woldbaek P.R., Tonnessen T., and Christensen G. Decreased hematopoiesis in bone marrow of mice with congestive heart failure. Amer J Physiol 282 (2002) R166-R172
118. Chatterjee B., Nydegger U.E., and Mohacsi P. Serum erythropoietin in heart failure patients treated with ACE-inhibitors or AT(1) antagonists. Eur J Heart Fail 2 (2000) 393-398
119. Salahudeen A.K., Oliver B., Bower J.D., and Roberts II L.J. Increase inplasmaesterified F2-isoprostanes following intravenous iron infusion in patients on hemodialysis. Kidney Int 60 (2001) 1525-1531
120. Cruz D.N., Perazella M.A., Abu-Alfa A.K., and Mahnensmith R.L. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in chronic hemodialysis patients: any evidence of erythropoietin resistance?. Am J Kidney Dis 28 (1996) 535-540
121. Adams K.F., Pina I., Pavlovic-Surjancev B., Wagoner L.E., Dunlap S.H., Schwartz T.A., et al. Anemia is associated with reduced health status measures in patients with heart failure: results from the STAMINA-HFP (study of anemia in a heart failure population) registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 43 Suppl (2004) 217A
122. Herzog C.A., Guo H., and Collins A.J. Hospitalization rates for chronic heart failure patients in the Medicare population: the impact of kidney disease and anemia. J Card Failure 8 Suppl (2002) S73
123. Horwich T.B., Fonarow G.C., Hamilton M.A., MacLellan W.R., and Borenstein J. Anemia is associated with worse symptoms, greater impairment in functional capacity and a significant increase in mortality in patients with advanced heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 39 (2002) 1780-1786
124. Al-Ahmad A., Rand W.M., Manjunath G., Konstam M.A., Salem D.N., Levey A.S., et al. Reduced kidney function and anemia as risk factors for mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 38 (2001) 955-962
125. Mozaffarian D., Nye R., and Levy W.C. Anemia predicts mortality in severe heart failure: the prospective randomized amlodipine survival evaluation (PRAISE). J Am Coll Cardiol 41 (2003) 1933-1939
126. Androne A.S., Katz S.D., Lund L., LaManca J., Hudaihed A., Hryniewicz K., et al. Hemodilution is common in patients with advanced heart failure. Circulation 107 (2003) 226-229
127. Mancini D.M., Katz S.D., Lang C.C., LaManca J., Hudaihed A., and Androne A.S. Effect of erythropoietin on exercise capacity in patients with moderate to severe chronic heart failure. Circulation 107 (2003) 294-299
128. Anker S.D., Colet J.C., Filippatos G., Willenheimer R., Dickstein K., Drexler H., Lusher T.F., Bart B., Banasiak W., Niegowska J., Kirwan B.A., Mori C., von Eisenhart Rothe B., Pocock S.J., Poole-Wilson P.A., and Ponikowski P. Ferric carboxymaltose in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency. N Engl J Med 361 (2009) 2436-2448
129. Mann J.F. Hypertension and cardiovascular effects-long-term safety and potential long-term benefits of r-HuEPO. Nephrol Dial Transplant 10 Suppl 2 (1995) 80-84
130. Tang W.W., Stead R.A., and Goodkin D.A. Effects of epoetin alfa on hemostasis in chronic renal failure. Am J Nephrol 18 (1998) 263-273
131. Taylor J.E., McLaren M., Henderson I.S., Belch J.J., and Stewart W.K. Pro-thrombotic effect of erythropoietin in dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 7 (1992) 235-239
132. Wolf R.F., Gilmore L.S., Friese P., Downs T., Burstein S.A., and Dale G.L. Erythropoietin potentiates thrombus development in a canine arteriovenous shunt model. Thromb Haemost 77 (1997) 1020-1024
133. Macdougall 1C, Davies ME, Halett I, Cochlin DL, Hutton RD, Coles GA, et al. Coagulation studies and fistula blood flow during erythropoietin therapy in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1991;6:862-867.
134. Churchill D.N., Muirhead N., Goldstein M., Posen G., Fay W., Beecroft M.L., et al. Probability of thrombosis of vascular access among hemodialysis patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin. J Am Soc Nephrol 4 (1994) 1809-1813
135. Muirhead N., Laupacis A., and Wong C. Erythropoietin for anaemia in haemodialysis patients: results of a maintenance study (the Canadi an Erythropoietin Study Group). Nephrol Dial Transplant 7 (1992) 811-816