Body mass index and prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure: Insights from the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program

Circulation

Volumn 116, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 627-636

  Kenchaiah, Satish ^a   Pocock, Stuart J ^b   Wang, Duolao ^b   Finn, Peter V ^a   Zornoff, Leonardo A M ^a   Skali, Hicham ^a   Pfeffer, Marc A ^a   Yusuf, Salim ^c   Swedberg, Karl ^d   Michelson, Eric L ^e   Granger, Christopher B ^f   McMurray, John J V ^g   Solomon, Scott D ^a  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^c MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

^e ASTRAZENECA   (United Kingdom)

^f DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Heart failure; Morbidity; Mortality; Obesity; Prognosis

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; BODY WEIGHT; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HAZARD RATIO; HEART DEATH; HEART FAILURE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; SMOKING; CLINICAL TRIAL; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; MIDDLE AGED; MORBIDITY; MULTICENTER STUDY; SURVIVAL RATE;

BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVE; CANDESARTAN; TETRAZOLE DERIVATIVE;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BENZIMIDAZOLES; BODY MASS INDEX; COHORT STUDIES; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HEART FAILURE, CONGESTIVE; HUMANS; INTERNATIONALITY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORBIDITY; PROGNOSIS; SURVIVAL RATE; TETRAZOLES;

EID: 34548149550     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.679779     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Chen YT, Vaccarino V, Williams CS, Butler J, Berkman LF, Krumholz HM. Risk factors for heart failure in the elderly: a prospective community-based study. Am J Med. 1999;106:605-612.
2. He J, Ogden LG, Bazzano LA, Vupputuri S, Loria C, Whelton PK. Risk factors for congestive heart failure in US men and women: NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:996-1002.
3. Wilhelmsen L, Rosengren A, Eriksson H, Lappas G. Heart failure in the general population of men: morbidity, risk factors and prognosis. J Intern Med. 2001;249:253-261.
4. Kenchaiah S, Evans JC, Levy D, Wilson PW, Benjamin EJ, Larson MG, Kannel WB, Vasan RS. Obesity and the risk of heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:305-313.
5. Manson JE, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ, Hankinson SE, Hennekens CH, Speizer FE. Body weight and mortality among women. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:677-685.
6. Calle EE, Thun MJ, Petrelli JM, Rodriguez C, Heath CW Jr. Body-mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1097-1105.
7. Lissner L, Odell PM, D'Agostino RB, Stokes J III, Kreger BE, Belanger AJ, Brownell KD. Variability of body weight and health outcomes in the Framingham population. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1839-1844.
8. Anker SD, Ponikowski P, Varney S, Chua TP, Clark AL, Webb-Peploe KM, Harrington D, Kox WJ, Poole-Wilson PA, Coats AJ. Wasting as independent risk factor for mortality in chronic heart failure. Lancet. 1997;349:1050-1053.
9. Mosterd A, Cost B, Hoes AW, de Bruijne MC, Deckers JW, Hofman A, Grobbee DE. The prognosis of heart failure in the general population: the Rotterdam Study. Eur Heart J. 2001;22:1318-1327.
10. Lissin LW, Gauri AJ, Froelicher VF, Ghayoumi A, Myers J, Giacommini J. The prognostic value of body mass index and standard exercise testing in male veterans with congestive heart failure. J Card Fail. 2002;8:206-215.
11. Davos CH, Doehner W, Rauchhaus M, Cicoira M, Francis DP, Coats AJ, Clark AL, Anker SD. Body mass and survival in patients with chronic heart failure without cachexia: the importance of obesity. J Card Fail. 2003;9:29-35.
12. Gustafsson F, Kragelund CB, Torp-Pedersen C, Seibaek M, Burchardt H, Akkan D, Thune JJ, Kober L. Effect of obesity and being overweight on long-term mortality in congestive heart failure: influence of left ventricular systolic function. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:58-64.
13. Curtis JP, Selter JG, Wang Y, Rathore SS, Jovin IS, Jadbabaie F, Kosiborod M, Portnay EL, Sokol SI, Bader F, Krumholz HM. The obesity paradox: body mass index and outcomes in patients with heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:55-61.
14. Alla F, Briancon S, Juilliere Y, Mertes PM, Villemot JP, Zannad F. Differential clinical prognostic classifications in dilated and ischemic advanced heart failure: the EPICAL study. Am Heart J. 2000;139:895-904.
15. Ho KK, Anderson KM, Kannel WB, Grossman W, Levy D. Survival after the onset of congestive heart failure in Framingham Heart Study subjects. Circulation. 1993;88:107-115.
16. Swedberg K, Pfeffer M, Granger C, Held P, McMurray J, Ohlin G, Olofsson B, Ostergren J, Yusuf S; CHARM-Programme Investigators. Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM): rationale and design. J Card Fail. 1999;5:276-282.
17. Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB, Held P, McMurray JJ, Michelson EL, Olofsson B, Ostergren J, Yusuf S, Pocock S. Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure: the CHARM-Overall programme. Lancet. 2003;362:759-766.
18. Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic: Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity, Geneva, June 3-5, 1997. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1998.
19. Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health; 1998. Publication NIH 98-4083.
20. Pocock SJ, Wang D, Pfeffer MA, Yusuf S, McMurray JJ, Swedberg KB, Ostergren J, Michelson EL, Pieper KS, Granger CB. Predictors of mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:65-75.
21. SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 9.1. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; 2004.
22. Lavie CJ, Milani R, Mehra MR, Ventura HO, Messerli FH. Obesity, weight reduction and survival in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39:1563-1564.
23. Kalantar-Zadeh K, Block G, Horwich T, Fonarow GC. Reverse epidemiology of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1439-1444.
24. Kenchaiah S, Gaziano JM, Vasan RS. Impact of obesity on the risk of heart failure and survival after the onset of heart failure. Med Clin North Am. 2004;88:1273-1294.
25. Lavie CJ, Mehra MR, Milani RV. Obesity and heart failure prognosis: paradox or reverse epidemiology? Eur Heart J. 2005;26:5-7.
26. Berry C, Clark AL. Catabolism in chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2000;21:521-532.
27. Anker SD, Rauchhaus M. Insights into the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure: immune activation and cachexia. Curr Opin Cardiol. 1999;14:211-216.
28. Anker SD, Negassa A, Coats AJ, Afzal R, Poole-Wilson PA, Cohn JN, Yusuf S. Prognostic importance of weight loss in chronic heart failure and the effect of treatment with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: an observational study. Lancet. 2003;361:1077-1083.
29. Coats A, Anker SD, Roecker EB, Schultz MK, Staiger C, Amann-Zalan I, Shusterman N, Packer M. Prevention and reversal of cardiac cachexia in patients with severe heart failure by carvedilol: results of the COPERNICUS study. Circulation. 2001;104 II-437.
30. Horwich TB, Fonarow GC, Hamilton MA, MacLellan WR, Woo MA, Tillisch JH. The relationship between obesity and mortality in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:789-795.
31. Vaz M, Jennings G, Turner A, Cox H, Lambert G, Esler M. Regional sympathetic nervous activity and oxygen consumption in obese normotensive human subjects. Circulation. 1997;96:3423-3429.
32. Weber MA, Neutel JM, Smith DH. Contrasting clinical properties and exercise responses in obese and lean hypertensive patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:169-174.
33. Anker SD, Clark AL, Kemp M, Salsbury C, Teixeira MM, Hellewell PG, Coats AJ. Tumor necrosis factor and steroid metabolism in chronic heart failure: possible relation to muscle wasting. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:997-1001.
34. Takahashi N, Waelput W, Guisez Y. Leptin is an endogenous protective protein against the toxicity exerted by tumor necrosis factor. J Exp Med. 1999;189:207-212.
35. Mohamed-Ali V, Goodrick S, Bulmer K, Holly JM, Yudkin JS, Coppack SW. Production of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors by human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo. Am J Physiol. 1999;277:E971-E975.
36. Mehra MR, Uber PA, Park MH, Scott RL, Ventura HO, Harris BC, Frohlich ED. Obesity and suppressed B-type natriuretic peptide levels in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1590-1595.
37. Wang TJ, Larson MG, Levy D, Benjamin EJ, Leip EP, Wilson PW, Vasan RS. Impact of obesity on plasma natriuretic peptide levels. Circulation. 2004;109:594-600.
38. Eckel RH, Krauss RM; AHA Nutrition Committee. American Heart Association call to action: obesity as a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. Circulation. 1998;97:2099-2100.
39. Lauer MS, Anderson KM, Kannel WB, Levy D. The impact of obesity on left ventricular mass and geometry: the Framingham Heart Study. JAMA. 1991;266:231-236.
40. Alpert MA, Lambert CR, Terry BE, Cohen MV, Mulekar M, Massey CV, Hashimi MW, Panayiotou H, Mukerji V. Effect of weight loss on left ventricular diastolic filling in morbid obesity. Am J Cardiol. 1995;76:1198-1201.
41. Alpert MA, Terry BE, Mulekar M, Cohen MV, Massey CV, Fan TM, Panayiotou H, Mukerji V. Cardiac morphology and left ventricular function in normotensive morbidly obese patients with and without congestive heart failure, and effect of weight loss. Am J Cardiol. 1997;80:736-740.
42. Lavie CJ, Osman AF, Milani RV, Mehra MR. Body composition and prognosis in chronic systolic heart failure: the obesity paradox. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91:891-894.