메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 44, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 587-604

2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein as a fluorescent probe for reactive oxygen species measurement: Forty years of application and controversy

Author keywords

DCF; DCFH2; DCFH2 DA; Fluorescent probe; ROS

Indexed keywords

CATALASE; CHEMICAL COMPOUND; DICHLORODIHYDROFLUORESCEIN; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; HYDROXYL GROUP; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE DONOR; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITOR; OXYGEN; PEROXYNITRITE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; SUPEROXIDE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; 2',7'-DICHLORODIHYDROFLUORESCEIN; DIAGNOSTIC AGENT; FLUORESCEIN DERIVATIVE; FLUORESCENT DYE;

EID: 77953557616     PISSN: 10715762     EISSN: 10292470     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/10715761003709802     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (434)

References (130)
  • 1
    • 0142150051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species
    • Turrens JF. Mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species. J Physiol 2003;552:335-344.
    • (2003) J Physiol , vol.552 , pp. 335-344
    • Turrens, J.F.1
  • 3
    • 0025987977 scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress: From basic research to clinical application
    • Sies H. Oxidative stress: from basic research to clinical application. Am J Med 1991;91:31S-38S.
    • (1991) Am J Med , vol.91
    • Sies, H.1
  • 4
    • 0034082278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular oxygen sensing by mitochondria: Old questions, new insight
    • Chandel NS, Schumacker PT. Cellular oxygen sensing by mitochondria: old questions, new insight. J Appl Physiol 2000; 88:1880-1889.
    • (2000) J Appl Physiol , vol.88 , pp. 1880-1889
    • Chandel, N.S.1    Schumacker, P.T.2
  • 5
    • 0842270038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and aging
    • Droge W. Oxidative stress and aging. Adv Exp Med Biol 2003; 543:191-200.
    • (2003) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.543 , pp. 191-200
    • Droge, W.1
  • 6
    • 0036086130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function
    • Droge W. Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiol Rev 2002;82:47-95.
    • (2002) Physiol Rev , vol.82 , pp. 47-95
    • Droge, W.1
  • 7
    • 43749092334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular redox status and oxidative stress: Implications for cell proliferation, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis
    • Mates JM, Segura JA, Alonso FJ, Marquez J. Intracellular redox status and oxidative stress: implications for cell proliferation, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. Arch Toxicol 2008; 82:273-299.
    • (2008) Arch Toxicol , vol.82 , pp. 273-299
    • Mates, J.M.1    Segura, J.A.2    Alonso, F.J.3    Marquez, J.4
  • 8
    • 44449142812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species in tumor metastasis
    • Nishikawa M. Reactive oxygen species in tumor metastasis. Cancer Lett 2008;266:53-59.
    • (2008) Cancer Lett , vol.266 , pp. 53-59
    • Nishikawa, M.1
  • 9
    • 43449100667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species: Current knowledge and applications in cancer research and therapeutic
    • Lau AT, Wang Y, Chiu JF. Reactive oxygen species: current knowledge and applications in cancer research and therapeutic. J Cell Biochem 2008;104:657-667.
    • (2008) J Cell Biochem , vol.104 , pp. 657-667
    • Lau, A.T.1    Wang, Y.2    Chiu, J.F.3
  • 10
    • 45949103451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms associating oxidative stress with endothelial dysfunction in the development of various vascular complications in diabetes mellitus
    • Bekyarova GY, Ivanova DG, Madjova VH. Molecular mechanisms associating oxidative stress with endothelial dysfunction in the development of various vascular complications in diabetes mellitus. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2007; 49:13-19.
    • (2007) Folia Med (Plovdiv) , vol.49 , pp. 13-19
    • Bekyarova, G.Y.1    Ivanova, D.G.2    Madjova, V.H.3
  • 11
    • 48249085391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress as a major culprit in kidney disease in diabetes
    • Forbes JM, Coughlan MT, Cooper ME. Oxidative stress as a major culprit in kidney disease in diabetes. Diabetes 2008; 57:1446-1454.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 1446-1454
    • Forbes, J.M.1    Coughlan, M.T.2    Cooper, M.E.3
  • 12
    • 38349097892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress as a regulator of murine atherosclerosis
    • Hsiai T, Berliner JA. Oxidative stress as a regulator of murine atherosclerosis. Curr Drug Targets 2007;8:1222-1229.
    • (2007) Curr Drug Targets , vol.8 , pp. 1222-1229
    • Hsiai, T.1    Berliner, J.A.2
  • 14
    • 41149150716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NADPH oxidases, reactive oxygen species, and hypertension: Clinical implications and therapeutic possibilities
    • Paravicini TM, Touyz RM. NADPH oxidases, reactive oxygen species, and hypertension: clinical implications and therapeutic possibilities. Diabetes Care 2008;31(Suppl 2): S170-S180.
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Paravicini, T.M.1    Touyz, R.M.2
  • 15
    • 41349099837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redox signaling, vascular function, and hypertension
    • Lee MY, Griendling KK. Redox signaling, vascular function, and hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2008;10: 1045-1059.
    • (2008) Antioxid Redox Signal , vol.10 , pp. 1045-1059
    • Lee, M.Y.1    Griendling, K.K.2
  • 17
    • 37349049243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and transcriptional regulation in Alzheimer disease
    • Shi Q, Gibson GE. Oxidative stress and transcriptional regulation in Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2007;21:276-291.
    • (2007) Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord , vol.21 , pp. 276-291
    • Shi, Q.1    Gibson, G.E.2
  • 18
    • 0036867895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidation of biological systems: Oxidative stress phenomena, antioxidants, redox reactions, and methods for their quantifi cation
    • Kohen R, Nyska A. Oxidation of biological systems: oxidative stress phenomena, antioxidants, redox reactions, and methods for their quantifi cation. Toxicol Pathol 2002; 30:620-650.
    • (2002) Toxicol Pathol , vol.30 , pp. 620-650
    • Kohen, R.1    Nyska, A.2
  • 19
    • 0035800889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods of detection of vascular reactive species: Nitric oxide, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrite
    • Tarpey MM, Fridovich I. Methods of detection of vascular reactive species: nitric oxide, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrite. Circ Res 2001;89:224-236.
    • (2001) Circ Res , vol.89 , pp. 224-236
    • Tarpey, M.M.1    Fridovich, I.2
  • 20
    • 33749018509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in fl uorescent probes for the detection of reactive oxygen species
    • Soh N. Recent advances in fl uorescent probes for the detection of reactive oxygen species. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386: 532-543.
    • (2006) Anal Bioanal Chem , vol.386 , pp. 532-543
    • Soh, N.1
  • 21
    • 33646828379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of spectroscopic probes for detection of reactive oxygen species
    • Bartosz G. Use of spectroscopic probes for detection of reactive oxygen species. Clin Chim Acta 2006;368: 53-76.
    • (2006) Clin Chim Acta , vol.368 , pp. 53-76
    • Bartosz, G.1
  • 22
    • 34548126843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluorescent and luminescent probes for measurement of oxidative and nitrosative species in cells and tissues: Progress, pitfalls, and prospects
    • Wardman P. Fluorescent and luminescent probes for measurement of oxidative and nitrosative species in cells and tissues: progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Free Radic Biol Med 2007;43:995-1022.
    • (2007) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.43 , pp. 995-1022
    • Wardman, P.1
  • 23
    • 0002844195 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of diacetyldichlorofl uorescin: A stable reagent for fl uorometric analysis
    • Brandt R, Keston AS. Synthesis of diacetyldichlorofl uorescin: a stable reagent for fl uorometric analysis. Anal Biochem 1965;11:6-9.
    • (1965) Anal Biochem , vol.11 , pp. 6-9
    • Brandt, R.1    Keston, A.S.2
  • 24
    • 3042588253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active oxygen chemistry within the liposomal bilayer. Part IV: Locating 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorofl uorescein (DCF), 2 ′,7 ′- dichlorodihydrofl uorescein (DCFH) and 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorodihydrofl uorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) in the lipid bilayer
    • Afri M, Frimer AA, Cohen Y. Active oxygen chemistry within the liposomal bilayer. Part IV: Locating 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorofl uorescein (DCF), 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorodihydrofl uorescein (DCFH) and 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorodihydrofl uorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) in the lipid bilayer. Chem Phys Lipids 2004; 131:123-133.
    • (2004) Chem Phys Lipids , vol.131 , pp. 123-133
    • Afri, M.1    Frimer, A.A.2    Cohen, Y.3
  • 25
    • 9644294527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectrofl uorometric determination of intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells using the 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorofl uorescein diacetate assay
    • Loetchutinat C, Kothan S, Dechsupa S, Meesungnoen J, Jay-Gerin J-P, Mankhetkorn S. Spectrofl uorometric determination of intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells using the 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorofl uorescein diacetate assay. Radiat Phys Chem 2005; 72:323-331.
    • (2005) Radiat Phys Chem , vol.72 , pp. 323-331
    • Loetchutinat, C.1    Kothan, S.2    Dechsupa, S.3    Meesungnoen, J.4    Jay-Gerin, J.-P.5    Mankhetkorn, S.6
  • 26
    • 0030732696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2,7-Dihydrodichlorofl uorescein diacetate as a fl uorescent marker for peroxynitrite formation
    • Possel H, Noack H, Augustin W, Keilhoff G, Wolf G. 2,7-Dihydrodichlorofl uorescein diacetate as a fl uorescent marker for peroxynitrite formation. FEBS Lett 1997;416: 175-178.
    • (1997) FEBS Lett , vol.416 , pp. 175-178
    • Possel, H.1    Noack, H.2    Augustin, W.3    Keilhoff, G.4    Wolf, G.5
  • 27
    • 0031740070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of reactive nitrogen species using 2,7-dichlorodihydrofl uorescein and dihydrorhodamine 123
    • Ischiropoulos H, Gow A, Thom SR, Kooy NW, Royall JA, Crow JP. Detection of reactive nitrogen species using 2,7-dichlorodihydrofl uorescein and dihydrorhodamine 123. Methods Enzymol 1999;301:367-373.
    • (1999) Methods Enzymol , vol.301 , pp. 367-373
    • Ischiropoulos, H.1    Gow, A.2    Thom, S.R.3    Kooy, N.W.4    Royall, J.A.5    Crow, J.P.6
  • 28
    • 33746099288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Properties of the radical intermediate obtained on oxidation of 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorodihydrofl uorescein, a probe for oxidative stress
    • Wrona M, Wardman P. Properties of the radical intermediate obtained on oxidation of 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorodihydrofl uorescein, a probe for oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2006;41: 657-667.
    • (2006) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.41 , pp. 657-667
    • Wrona, M.1    Wardman, P.2
  • 30
    • 0031573401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A stable nonfl uorescent derivative of resorufi n for the fl uorometric determination of trace hydrogen peroxide: Applications in detecting the activity of phagocyte NADPH oxidase and other oxidases
    • Zhou M, Diwu Z, Panchuk-Voloshina N, Haugland RP. A stable nonfl uorescent derivative of resorufi n for the fl uorometric determination of trace hydrogen peroxide: applications in detecting the activity of phagocyte NADPH oxidase and other oxidases. Anal Biochem 1997;253: 162-168.
    • (1997) Anal Biochem , vol.253 , pp. 162-168
    • Zhou, M.1    Diwu, Z.2    Panchuk-Voloshina, N.3    Haugland, R.P.4
  • 31
    • 0037446363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A photochemical study of cells loaded with 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorofl uorescin: Implications for the detection of reactive oxygen species generated during UVA irradiation
    • Chignell CF, Sik RH. A photochemical study of cells loaded with 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorofl uorescin: implications for the detection of reactive oxygen species generated during UVA irradiation. Free Radic Biol Med 2003;34:1029-1034.
    • (2003) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.34 , pp. 1029-1034
    • Chignell, C.F.1    Sik, R.H.2
  • 32
    • 0036801288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photosensitized oxidation of 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorofl uorescin: Singlet oxygen does not contribute to the formation of fl uorescent oxidation product 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorofl uorescein
    • Bilski P, Belanger AG, Chignell CF. Photosensitized oxidation of 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorofl uorescin: singlet oxygen does not contribute to the formation of fl uorescent oxidation product 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorofl uorescein. Free Radic Biol Med 2002;33:938-946.
    • (2002) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.33 , pp. 938-946
    • Bilski, P.1    Belanger, A.G.2    Chignell, C.F.3
  • 33
    • 0344076349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photoreduction of the fl uorescent dye 2 ′-7 ′-dichlorofl uorescein: A spin trapping and direct electron spin resonance study with implications for oxidative stress measurements
    • Marchesi E, Rota C, Fann YC, Chignell CF, Mason RP. Photoreduction of the fl uorescent dye 2 ′-7 ′-dichlorofl uorescein: a spin trapping and direct electron spin resonance study with implications for oxidative stress measurements. Free Radic Biol Med 1999;26:148-161.
    • (1999) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.26 , pp. 148-161
    • Marchesi, E.1    Rota, C.2    Fann, Y.C.3    Chignell, C.F.4    Mason, R.P.5
  • 34
    • 0242417498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Method to overcome photoreaction, a serious drawback to the use of dichlorofl uorescin in evaluation of reactive oxygen species
    • Afzal M, Matsugo S, Sasai M, Xu B, Aoyama K, Takeuchi T. Method to overcome photoreaction, a serious drawback to the use of dichlorofl uorescin in evaluation of reactive oxygen species. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003;304:619-624.
    • (2003) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.304 , pp. 619-624
    • Afzal, M.1    Matsugo, S.2    Sasai, M.3    Xu, B.4    Aoyama, K.5    Takeuchi, T.6
  • 35
    • 0020625894 scopus 로고
    • Flow cytometric studies of oxidative product formation by neutrophils: A graded response to membrane stimulation
    • Bass DA, Parce JW, Dechatelet LR, Szejda P, Seeds MC, Thomas M. Flow cytometric studies of oxidative product formation by neutrophils: a graded response to membrane stimulation. J Immunol 1983;130:1910-1917.
    • (1983) J Immunol , vol.130 , pp. 1910-1917
    • Bass, D.A.1    Parce, J.W.2    Dechatelet, L.R.3    Szejda, P.4    Seeds, M.C.5    Thomas, M.6
  • 36
    • 33845337024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antioxidant role of a reagent, 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorodihydrofl uorescin diacetate, detecting reactive-oxygen species and blocking the induction of heme oxygenase-1 and preventing cytotoxicity
    • Andoh Y, Mizutani A, Ohashi T, Kojo S, Ishii T, Adachi Y, Ikehara S, Taketani S. The antioxidant role of a reagent, 2 ′,7 ′- dichlorodihydrofl uorescin diacetate, detecting reactive-oxygen species and blocking the induction of heme oxygenase-1 and preventing cytotoxicity. J Biochem 2006; 140:483-489.
    • (2006) J Biochem , vol.140 , pp. 483-489
    • Andoh, Y.1    Mizutani, A.2    Ohashi, T.3    Kojo, S.4    Ishii, T.5    Adachi, Y.6    Ikehara, S.7    Taketani, S.8
  • 37
    • 0028108976 scopus 로고
    • Oxidation pathways for the intracellular probe 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorofl uorescein
    • Zhu H, Bannenberg GL, Moldeus P, Shertzer HG. Oxidation pathways for the intracellular probe 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorofl uorescein. Arch Toxicol 1994;68:582-587.
    • (1994) Arch Toxicol , vol.68 , pp. 582-587
    • Zhu, H.1    Bannenberg, G.L.2    Moldeus, P.3    Shertzer, H.G.4
  • 39
    • 0032830132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for free radical formation during the oxidation of 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescin to the fluorescent dye 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein by horseradish peroxidase: Possible implications for oxidative stress measurements
    • DOI 10.1016/S0891-5849(99)00137-9, PII S0891584999001379
    • Rota C, Chignell CF, Mason RP. Evidence for free radical formation during the oxidation of 2'-7'-dichlorofl uorescin to the fl uorescent dye 2'-7'-dichlorofl uorescein by horseradish peroxidase: possible implications for oxidative stress measurements. Free Radic Biol Med 1999;27:873-881. (Pubitemid 29454591)
    • (1999) Free Radical Biology and Medicine , vol.27 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 873-881
    • Rota, C.1    Chignell, C.F.2    Mason, R.P.3
  • 40
    • 0033214972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenoxyl free radical formation during the oxidation of the fl uorescent dye 2',7'-dichlorofl uorescein by horseradish peroxidase. Possible consequences for oxidative stress measurements
    • Rota C, Fann YC, Mason RP. Phenoxyl free radical formation during the oxidation of the fl uorescent dye 2',7'-dichlorofl uorescein by horseradish peroxidase. Possible consequences for oxidative stress measurements. J Biol Chem 1999;274:28161-28168.
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 28161-28168
    • Rota, C.1    Fann, Y.C.2    Mason, R.P.3
  • 41
    • 0026554428 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the probe 2',7'-dichlorofl uorescin as an indicator of reactive oxygen species formation and oxidative stress
    • LeBel CP, Ischiropoulos H, Bondy SC. Evaluation of the probe 2',7'-dichlorofl uorescin as an indicator of reactive oxygen species formation and oxidative stress. Chem Res Toxicol 1992;5:227-231.
    • (1992) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.5 , pp. 227-231
    • Lebel, C.P.1    Ischiropoulos, H.2    Bondy, S.C.3
  • 42
    • 0028008584 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of 2',7'-dichlorofl uorescin fl uorescence in dissociated mammalian brain neurons: Estimation on intracellular content of hydrogen peroxide
    • Oyama Y, Hayashi A, Ueha T, Maekawa K. Characterization of 2',7'-dichlorofl uorescin fl uorescence in dissociated mammalian brain neurons: estimation on intracellular content of hydrogen peroxide. Brain Res 1994;635:113-117.
    • (1994) Brain Res , vol.635 , pp. 113-117
    • Oyama, Y.1    Hayashi, A.2    Ueha, T.3    Maekawa, K.4
  • 43
    • 0023873791 scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of intracellular oxidation in a renal epithelial cell line
    • Scott JA, Homcy CJ, Khaw BA, Rabito CA. Quantitation of intracellular oxidation in a renal epithelial cell line. Free Radic Biol Med 1988;4:79-83.
    • (1988) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.4 , pp. 79-83
    • Scott, J.A.1    Homcy, C.J.2    Khaw, B.A.3    Rabito, C.A.4
  • 44
    • 33847154027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copper-1,10-phenanthroline-induced apoptosis in liver carcinoma Bel-7402 cells associates with copper overload, reactive oxygen species production, glu-tathione depletion and oxidative DNA damage
    • Cai X, Pan N, Zou G. Copper-1,10-phenanthroline-induced apoptosis in liver carcinoma Bel-7402 cells associates with copper overload, reactive oxygen species production, glu-tathione depletion and oxidative DNA damage. Biometals 2007;20:1-11.
    • (2007) Biometals , vol.20 , pp. 1-11
    • Cai, X.1    Pan, N.2    Zou, G.3
  • 45
    • 0034075866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization of dichlorofl uorescin in cardiac myocytes: Implications for assessment of oxidative stress
    • Swift LM, Sarvazyan N. Localization of dichlorofl uorescin in cardiac myocytes: implications for assessment of oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000;278: H982-H990.
    • (2000) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.278
    • Swift, L.M.1    Sarvazyan, N.2
  • 46
    • 0008247296 scopus 로고
    • The fl uorometric analysis of ultramicro quantities of hydrogen peroxide
    • Keston AS, Brandt R. The fl uorometric analysis of ultramicro quantities of hydrogen peroxide. Anal Biochem 1965;11:1-5.
    • (1965) Anal Biochem , vol.11 , pp. 1-5
    • Keston, A.S.1    Brandt, R.2
  • 47
    • 0028976357 scopus 로고
    • Rapid toxicity assessment using an in vivo enzyme test for Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera)
    • Moffat BD, Snell TW. Rapid toxicity assessment using an in vivo enzyme test for Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 1995;30:47-53.
    • (1995) Ecotoxicol Environ Saf , vol.30 , pp. 47-53
    • Moffat, B.D.1    Snell, T.W.2
  • 48
    • 0000060578 scopus 로고
    • Fluorometric determination of lipase, acylase, alpha-, and gamma-chymotrypsin and inhibitors of these enzymes
    • Guilbault GG, Kramer DN. Fluorometric determination of lipase, acylase, alpha-, and gamma-chymotrypsin and inhibitors of these enzymes. Anal Chem 1964;36:409-412.
    • (1964) Anal Chem , vol.36 , pp. 409-412
    • Guilbault, G.G.1    Kramer, D.N.2
  • 49
    • 0013866506 scopus 로고
    • Membrane properties of living mammalian cells as studied by enzymatic hydrolysis of fl uor-ogenic esters
    • Rotman B, Papermaster BW. Membrane properties of living mammalian cells as studied by enzymatic hydrolysis of fl uor-ogenic esters. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1966;55:134-141.
    • (1966) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.55 , pp. 134-141
    • Rotman, B.1    Papermaster, B.W.2
  • 50
    • 0033757902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2,7-dichlorofl uorescin oxidation and reactive oxygen species: What does it measure?
    • Jakubowski W, Bartosz G. 2,7-dichlorofl uorescin oxidation and reactive oxygen species: what does it measure? Cell Biol Int 2000;24:757-760.
    • (2000) Cell Biol Int , vol.24 , pp. 757-760
    • Jakubowski, W.1    Bartosz, G.2
  • 51
    • 0015955670 scopus 로고
    • Spectrofl uorometric analysis of hydrogen peroxide
    • Black MJ, Brandt RB. Spectrofl uorometric analysis of hydrogen peroxide. Anal Biochem 1974;58:246-254.
    • (1974) Anal Biochem , vol.58 , pp. 246-254
    • Black, M.J.1    Brandt, R.B.2
  • 52
    • 33749245902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of a novel fl uorescent product, monochlorofl uorescein from dichlorofl uorescin by photo-irradiationdagger
    • Matsugo S, Sasai M, Shinmori H, Yasui F, Takeuchi M, Takeuchi T. Generation of a novel fl uorescent product, monochlorofl uorescein from dichlorofl uorescin by photo-irradiationdagger. Free Radic Res 2006;40:959-965.
    • (2006) Free Radic Res , vol.40 , pp. 959-965
    • Matsugo, S.1    Sasai, M.2    Shinmori, H.3    Yasui, F.4    Takeuchi, M.5    Takeuchi, T.6
  • 53
    • 33644872102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorofl uorescin to reactive oxygen species: A self-fulfi lling prophesy?
    • Bonini MG, Rota C, Tomasi A, Mason RP. The oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorofl uorescin to reactive oxygen species: a self-fulfi lling prophesy? Free Radic Biol Med 2006;40:968-975.
    • (2006) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.40 , pp. 968-975
    • Bonini, M.G.1    Rota, C.2    Tomasi, A.3    Mason, R.P.4
  • 54
    • 33645750975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase is an intracellular catalyst for the H(2)O(2)-dependent oxidation of dichlorodihydrofl uorescein
    • Kim YM, Lim JM, Kim BC, Han S. Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase is an intracellular catalyst for the H(2)O(2)-dependent oxidation of dichlorodihydrofl uorescein. Mol Cells 2006;21:161-165.
    • (2006) Mol Cells , vol.21 , pp. 161-165
    • Kim, Y.M.1    Lim, J.M.2    Kim, B.C.3    Han, S.4
  • 55
    • 0027193465 scopus 로고
    • 2+-induced increase in oxidative metabolism of dissociated mammalian brain neurons: Effect of extract of Ginkgo Biloba leaves
    • Oyama Y, Hayashi A, Ueha T. Ca(2+)-induced increase in oxidative metabolism of dissociated mammalian brain neurons: effect of extract of ginkgo biloba leaves. Jpn J Pharmacol 1993;61:367-370. (Pubitemid 23146232)
    • (1993) Japanese Journal of Pharmacology , vol.61 , Issue.4 , pp. 367-370
    • Oyama, Y.1    Hayashi, A.2    Ueha, T.3
  • 56
    • 0037718255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the probes 2',7'-dichlorofl uorescin diacetate, luminol, and lucigenin as indicators of reactive species formation
    • Myhre O, Andersen JM, Aarnes H, Fonnum F. Evaluation of the probes 2',7'-dichlorofl uorescin diacetate, luminol, and lucigenin as indicators of reactive species formation. Biochem Pharmacol 2003;65:1575-1582.
    • (2003) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.65 , pp. 1575-1582
    • Myhre, O.1    Andersen, J.M.2    Aarnes, H.3    Fonnum, F.4
  • 57
    • 0346373754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcellular signalling pathways and TNF-alpha release involved in formation of reactive oxygen species in rat alveolar macrophages exposed to tert-butylcyclohexane
    • Aam BB, Myhre O, Fonnum F. Transcellular signalling pathways and TNF-alpha release involved in formation of reactive oxygen species in rat alveolar macrophages exposed to tert-butylcyclohexane. Arch Toxicol 2003;77:678-684.
    • (2003) Arch Toxicol , vol.77 , pp. 678-684
    • Aam, B.B.1    Myhre, O.2    Fonnum, F.3
  • 58
    • 0032038643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superoxide dismutase-dependent, catalase-sensitive peroxides in human endothelial cells infected by Rickettsia rickettsii
    • Hong JE, Santucci LA, Tian X, Silverman DJ. Superoxide dismutase-dependent, catalase-sensitive peroxides in human endothelial cells infected by Rickettsia rickettsii. Infect Immun 1998;66:1293-1298.
    • (1998) Infect Immun , vol.66 , pp. 1293-1298
    • Hong, J.E.1    Santucci, L.A.2    Tian, X.3    Silverman, D.J.4
  • 59
    • 0028135214 scopus 로고
    • Antioxi-dant action of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate: Reaction with hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical
    • Mankhetkorn S, Abedinzadeh Z, Houee-Levin C. Antioxi-dant action of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate: reaction with hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical. Free Radic Biol Med 1994;17:517-527.
    • (1994) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.17 , pp. 517-527
    • Mankhetkorn, S.1    Abedinzadeh, Z.2    Houee-Levin, C.3
  • 60
    • 0035984192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2: The forgotten radical
    • 2: the forgotten radical. DNA Cell Biol 2002;21:251-257.
    • (2002) DNA Cell Biol , vol.21 , pp. 251-257
    • De Grey, A.D.1
  • 61
    • 0028887591 scopus 로고
    • Flow cytometric analysis of the granulocyte respiratory burst: A comparison study of fl uorescent probes
    • Vowells SJ, Sekhsaria S, Malech HL, Shalit M, Fleisher TA. Flow cytometric analysis of the granulocyte respiratory burst: a comparison study of fl uorescent probes. J Immunol Methods 1995;178:89-97.
    • (1995) J Immunol Methods , vol.178 , pp. 89-97
    • Vowells, S.J.1    Sekhsaria, S.2    Malech, H.L.3    Shalit, M.4    Fleisher, T.A.5
  • 62
    • 0032496159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular signaling by reactive oxygen species during hypoxia in cardiomyocytes
    • Duranteau J, Chandel NS, Kulisz A, Shao Z, Schumacker P T. Intracellular signaling by reactive oxygen species during hypoxia in cardiomyocytes. J Biol Chem 1998;273:11619-11624.
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 11619-11624
    • Duranteau, J.1    Chandel, N.S.2    Kulisz, A.3    Shao, Z.4    Schumacker, P.T.5
  • 63
    • 84907035001 scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen peroxide formation by cells treated with a tumor promoter
    • Frenkel K, Gleichauf C. Hydrogen peroxide formation by cells treated with a tumor promoter. Free Radic Res Com-mun 1991;12-13:783-794.
    • (1991) Free Radic Res Com-mun , vol.12-13 , pp. 783-794
    • Frenkel, K.1    Gleichauf, C.2
  • 64
    • 0035342510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemically de-acetylated 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorodihydrofl uorescein diacetate as a probe of respiratory burst activity in mononuclear phagocytes
    • Brubacher JL, Bols NC. Chemically de-acetylated 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorodihydrofl uorescein diacetate as a probe of respiratory burst activity in mononuclear phagocytes. J Immunol Methods 2001;251:81-91.
    • (2001) J Immunol Methods , vol.251 , pp. 81-91
    • Brubacher, J.L.1    Bols, N.C.2
  • 65
    • 0030331810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of reactive oxygen species involvement in amiodarone pulmonary toxicity in vivo and in vitro
    • Leeder RG, Rafeiro E, Brien JF, Mandin CC, Massey TE. Evaluation of reactive oxygen species involvement in amio-darone pulmonary toxicity in vivo and in vitro. J Biochem Toxicol 1996;11:147-160. (Pubitemid 126804268)
    • (1996) Journal of Biochemical Toxicology , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 147-160
    • Leeder, R.G.1    Rafeiro, E.2    Brien, J.F.3    Mandin, C.C.4    Massey, T.E.5
  • 66
    • 0034833908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative and hydrolytic properties of beta-amyloid
    • Brzyska M, Bacia A, Elbaum D. Oxidative and hydrolytic properties of beta-amyloid. Eur J Biochem 2001;268: 3443-3454.
    • (2001) Eur J Biochem , vol.268 , pp. 3443-3454
    • Brzyska, M.1    Bacia, A.2    Elbaum, D.3
  • 67
    • 52649167704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-throughput screening for reactive oxygen species scavengers targeting mitochondria
    • Chen XP, Du GH. High-throughput screening for reactive oxygen species scavengers targeting mitochondria. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2008;30:255-260.
    • (2008) Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol , vol.30 , pp. 255-260
    • Chen, X.P.1    Du, G.H.2
  • 68
    • 0032478585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radical releasing properties of nitric oxide donors GEA 3162, SIN-1 and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine
    • Holm P, Kankaanranta H, Mets ä-Ketel ä T, Moilanen E. Radical releasing properties of nitric oxide donors GEA 3162, SIN-1 and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine. Eur J Pharmacol 1998;346:97-102.
    • (1998) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.346 , pp. 97-102
    • Holm, P.1    Kankaanranta, H.2    Metsä-Ketelä, T.3    Moilanen, E.4
  • 69
    • 0028868773 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring intracellular nitric oxide formation by dichlorofl u-orescin in neuronal cells
    • Gunasekar PG, Kanthasamy AG, Borowitz JL, Isom GE. Monitoring intracellular nitric oxide formation by dichlorofl u-orescin in neuronal cells. J Neurosci Methods 1995;61:15-21.
    • (1995) J Neurosci Methods , vol.61 , pp. 15-21
    • Gunasekar, P.G.1    Kanthasamy, A.G.2    Borowitz, J.L.3    Isom, G.E.4
  • 71
    • 33846117474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potentiates nitro-sation of a heterocyclic amine carcinogen by nitric oxide
    • Lakshmi VM, Zenser TV. 2-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5, 5- tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potentiates nitro-sation of a heterocyclic amine carcinogen by nitric oxide. Life Sci 2007;80:644-649.
    • (2007) Life Sci , vol.80 , pp. 644-649
    • Lakshmi, V.M.1    Zenser, T.V.2
  • 72
    • 0035169926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of an imidazolineoxyl nitric oxide on prostaglandin synthesis in experimental shock: Possible role of nitrogen dioxide in prostacyclin synthase inactivation
    • Soler M, Camacho M, Molins-Pujol AM, Vila L. Effect of an imidazolineoxyl nitric oxide on prostaglandin synthesis in experimental shock: possible role of nitrogen dioxide in prostacyclin synthase inactivation. J Infect Dis 2001;183: 105-112.
    • (2001) J Infect Dis , vol.183 , pp. 105-112
    • Soler, M.1    Camacho, M.2    Molins-Pujol, A.M.3    Vila, L.4
  • 73
    • 0027231210 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide mediates Kupffer cell-induced reduction of mitochondrial energization in hepatoma cells: A comparison with oxidative burst
    • Kurose I, Miura S, Fukumura D, Yonei Y, Saito H, Tada S, Suematsu M, Tsuchiya M. Nitric oxide mediates Kupffer cell-induced reduction of mitochondrial energization in hepatoma cells: a comparison with oxidative burst. Cancer Res 1993;53:2676-2682.
    • (1993) Cancer Res , vol.53 , pp. 2676-2682
    • Kurose, I.1    Miura, S.2    Fukumura, D.3    Yonei, Y.4    Saito, H.5    Tada, S.6    Suematsu, M.7    Tsuchiya, M.8
  • 74
    • 0028856368 scopus 로고
    • NMDA receptor activation produces concurrent generation of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species: Implications for cell death
    • Gunasekar PG, Kanthasamy AG, Borowitz JL. NMDA receptor activation produces concurrent generation of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species: implications for cell death. J Neurochem. 1995:2016-2021.
    • (1995) J Neurochem. , pp. 2016-2021
    • Gunasekar, P.G.1    Kanthasamy, A.G.2    Borowitz, J.L.3
  • 75
    • 33751064582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of hydrogen sulfi de on homocysteine-induced oxida-tive stress in vascular smooth muscle cells
    • Yan SK, Chang T, Wang H, Wu L, Wang R, Meng QH. Effects of hydrogen sulfi de on homocysteine-induced oxida-tive stress in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006;351:485-491.
    • (2006) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.351 , pp. 485-491
    • Yan, S.K.1    Chang, T.2    Wang, H.3    Wu, L.4    Wang, R.5    Meng, Q.H.6
  • 76
    • 40949090475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of oxLDL-derived lipid peroxide radicals into membranes of vascular cells is the main inducer of oxLDL-mediated oxidative stress
    • Hansen-Hagge TE, Baumeister E, Bauer T, Schmiedeke D, Renn T, Wanner C, Galle J. Transmission of oxLDL-derived lipid peroxide radicals into membranes of vascular cells is the main inducer of oxLDL-mediated oxidative stress. Atherosclerosis 2008;197:602-611.
    • (2008) Atherosclerosis , vol.197 , pp. 602-611
    • Hansen-Hagge, T.E.1    Baumeister, E.2    Bauer, T.3    Schmiedeke, D.4    Renn, T.5    Wanner, C.6    Galle, J.7
  • 77
    • 0021027358 scopus 로고
    • Detection of picomole levels of hydroperoxides using a fl uorescent dichlorofl uores-cein assay
    • Cathcart R, Schwiers E, Ames BN. Detection of picomole levels of hydroperoxides using a fl uorescent dichlorofl uores-cein assay. Anal Biochem 1983;134:111-116.
    • (1983) Anal Biochem , vol.134 , pp. 111-116
    • Cathcart, R.1    Schwiers, E.2    Ames, B.N.3
  • 78
    • 0036545818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species: Methodological aspects
    • Batandier C, Fontaine E, Keriel C, Leverve XM. Determination of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species: methodological aspects. J Cell Mol Med 2002;6:175-187.
    • (2002) J Cell Mol Med , vol.6 , pp. 175-187
    • Batandier, C.1    Fontaine, E.2    Keriel, C.3    Leverve, X.M.4
  • 80
    • 0029892645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of elevated reactive oxygen species level in cultured rat hepatocytes treated with afl atoxin B1
    • Shen HM, Shi CY, Shen Y, Ong CN. Detection of elevated reactive oxygen species level in cultured rat hepatocytes treated with afl atoxin B1. Free Radic Biol Med 1996;21:139-146.
    • (1996) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.21 , pp. 139-146
    • Shen, H.M.1    Shi, C.Y.2    Shen, Y.3    Ong, C.N.4
  • 81
    • 84918833988 scopus 로고
    • Critical review of rate constants for the reactions of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals (OH/O-) in aqueous solution
    • Buxton GV, Greenstock CL, Helman WP. Critical review of rate constants for the reactions of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals (OH/O-) in aqueous solution. J Phys Chem Ref Data 1988;17:513-886.
    • (1988) J Phys Chem Ref Data , vol.17 , pp. 513-886
    • Buxton, G.V.1    Greenstock, C.L.2    Helman, W.P.3
  • 82
    • 10844237083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactivity of 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorodihydrofl uorescein and dihydrorhodamine 123 and their oxidized forms toward carbonate, nitrogen dioxide, and hydroxyl radicals
    • Wrona M, Patel K, Wardman P. Reactivity of 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorodihydrofl uorescein and dihydrorhodamine 123 and their oxidized forms toward carbonate, nitrogen dioxide, and hydroxyl radicals. Free Radic Biol Med 2005;38:262-270.
    • (2005) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.38 , pp. 262-270
    • Wrona, M.1    Patel, K.2    Wardman, P.3
  • 84
    • 0034816698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytochrome C is a potent catalyst of dichlorofl uorescin oxidation: Implications for the role of reactive oxygen species in apoptosis
    • Burkitt MJ, Wardman P. Cytochrome C is a potent catalyst of dichlorofl uorescin oxidation: implications for the role of reactive oxygen species in apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001;282:329-333.
    • (2001) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.282 , pp. 329-333
    • Burkitt, M.J.1    Wardman, P.2
  • 86
    • 42649083649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quercetin decreases intracellular GSH content and potentiates the apoptotic action of the anti-leukemic drug arsenic trioxide in human leukemia cell lines
    • Ramos AM, Aller P. Quercetin decreases intracellular GSH content and potentiates the apoptotic action of the anti-leukemic drug arsenic trioxide in human leukemia cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol 2008;75:1912-1923.
    • (2008) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.75 , pp. 1912-1923
    • Ramos, A.M.1    Aller, P.2
  • 88
    • 0037196379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid oxidation of dichlorodihydrofl uorescin with heme and hemoproteins: Formation of the fl uorescein is independent of the generation of reactive oxygen species
    • Ohashi T, Mizutani A, Murakami A, Kojo S, Ishii T, Taketani S. Rapid oxidation of dichlorodihydrofl uorescin with heme and hemoproteins: formation of the fl uorescein is independent of the generation of reactive oxygen species. FEBS Lett 2002;511:21-27.
    • (2002) FEBS Lett , vol.511 , pp. 21-27
    • Ohashi, T.1    Mizutani, A.2    Murakami, A.3    Kojo, S.4    Ishii, T.5    Taketani, S.6
  • 89
    • 0347318128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct oxidation of 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorodihydrofl uorescein by pyocyanin and other redox-active compounds independent of reactive oxygen species production
    • O ' Malley YQ, Reszka KJ, Britigan BE. Direct oxidation of 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorodihydrofl uorescein by pyocyanin and other redox-active compounds independent of reactive oxygen species production. Free Radic Biol Med 2004;36:90-100.
    • (2004) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.36 , pp. 90-100
    • Malley, Y.Q.O.1    Reszka, K.J.2    Britigan, B.E.3
  • 90
    • 0025332237 scopus 로고
    • Effects of low concentrations of arachidonic acid derived mediators on the membrane potential and respiratory burst responses of human neu-trophils as assessed by fl ow cytometry
    • Fletcher MP, Halpern GM. Effects of low concentrations of arachidonic acid derived mediators on the membrane potential and respiratory burst responses of human neu-trophils as assessed by fl ow cytometry. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 1990;4:65-77.
    • (1990) Fundam Clin Pharmacol , vol.4 , pp. 65-77
    • Fletcher, M.P.1    Halpern, G.M.2
  • 91
    • 0025239794 scopus 로고
    • Oxidative metabolism in the alveolar macrophage: Analysis by fl ow cytometry
    • Kobzik L, Godleski JJ, Brain JD. Oxidative metabolism in the alveolar macrophage: analysis by fl ow cytometry. J Leukoc Biol 1990;47:295-303.
    • (1990) J Leukoc Biol , vol.47 , pp. 295-303
    • Kobzik, L.1    Godleski, J.J.2    Brain, J.D.3
  • 92
    • 0025218905 scopus 로고
    • Flow cytometric analysis of respiratory burst activity in phagocytes with hydroethidine and 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorofl uorescin
    • Rothe G, Valet G. Flow cytometric analysis of respiratory burst activity in phagocytes with hydroethidine and 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorofl uorescin. J Leukoc Biol 1990;47:440-448.
    • (1990) J Leukoc Biol , vol.47 , pp. 440-448
    • Rothe, G.1    Valet, G.2
  • 93
    • 0026209819 scopus 로고
    • Flow cytometric study of oxidative burst activity in bovine neutrophils
    • Salgar SK, Paape MJ, Alston-Mills B, Miller RH. Flow cytometric study of oxidative burst activity in bovine neutrophils. Am J Vet Res 1991;52:1201-1207.
    • (1991) Am J Vet Res , vol.52 , pp. 1201-1207
    • Salgar, S.K.1    Paape, M.J.2    Alston-Mills, B.3    Miller, R.H.4
  • 94
    • 0027417221 scopus 로고
    • An automated micro-fl uorometric assay for monitoring oxidative burst activity of phagocytes
    • Wan CP, Myung E, Lau BH. An automated micro-fl uorometric assay for monitoring oxidative burst activity of phagocytes. J Immunol Methods 1993;159:131-138.
    • (1993) J Immunol Methods , vol.159 , pp. 131-138
    • Wan, C.P.1    Myung, E.2    Lau, B.H.3
  • 95
    • 0033183171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen radical production by Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) heterophils and Holstein cattle (Bos taurus) neutrophils
    • Tell L, Kabbur MB, Smith WL, Gage L, Cullor JS. Oxygen radical production by Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) heterophils and Holstein cattle (Bos taurus) neutrophils. J Zoo Wildl Med 1999;30:402-407.
    • (1999) J Zoo Wildl Med , vol.30 , pp. 402-407
    • Tell, L.1    Kabbur, M.B.2    Smith, W.L.3    Gage, L.4    Cullor, J.S.5
  • 97
    • 0037402817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow cytometry study of polymorphonuclear neutrophil oxidative burst: A comparison of three fl uorescent probes
    • Walrand S, Valeix S, Rodriguez C, Ligot P, Chassagne J, Vasson MP. Flow cytometry study of polymorphonuclear neutrophil oxidative burst: a comparison of three fl uorescent probes. Clin Chim Acta 2003;331:103-110.
    • (2003) Clin Chim Acta , vol.331 , pp. 103-110
    • Walrand, S.1    Valeix, S.2    Rodriguez, C.3    Ligot, P.4    Chassagne, J.5    Vasson, M.P.6
  • 98
    • 0025180980 scopus 로고
    • Failure of gentamicin to elevate cellular malondialdehyde content or increase generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in primary cultures of renal cortical epithelial cells
    • Swann JD, Acosta D. Failure of gentamicin to elevate cellular malondialdehyde content or increase generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in primary cultures of renal cortical epithelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 1990;40: 1523-1526.
    • (1990) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.40 , pp. 1523-1526
    • Swann, J.D.1    Acosta, D.2
  • 99
    • 0035231383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing functional integrity of mitochondria in vitro and in vivo
    • Degli Esposti M. Assessing functional integrity of mitochondria in vitro and in vivo. Methods Cell Biol 2001; 65:75-96.
    • (2001) Methods Cell Biol , vol.65 , pp. 75-96
    • Degli Esposti, M.1
  • 100
    • 0017835898 scopus 로고
    • A sensitive photometric assay for monoamine oxidase
    • Kochli H, Von Wartburg JP. A sensitive photometric assay for monoamine oxidase. Anal Biochem 1978;84:127-135.
    • (1978) Anal Biochem , vol.84 , pp. 127-135
    • Kochli, H.1    Von Wartburg, J.P.2
  • 101
    • 0033675175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutathione modulates the level of free radicals produced in UVA-irradiated cells
    • Tobi SE, Paul N, McMillan TJ. Glutathione modulates the level of free radicals produced in UVA-irradiated cells. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 2000;57:102-112.
    • (2000) J Photochem Photobiol B Biol , vol.57 , pp. 102-112
    • Tobi, S.E.1    Paul, N.2    McMillan, T.J.3
  • 102
    • 50849108185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Singlet oxygen reacts with 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorodihydrofl uorescein and contributes to the formation of 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorofl uorescein
    • Daghastanli NA, Itri R, Baptista MS. Singlet oxygen reacts with 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorodihydrofl uorescein and contributes to the formation of 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorofl uorescein. Photochem Photobiol 2008;84:1238-1243.
    • (2008) Photochem Photobiol , vol.84 , pp. 1238-1243
    • Daghastanli, N.A.1    Itri, R.2    Baptista, M.S.3
  • 103
    • 0026643574 scopus 로고
    • Flow cytometric analysis of nitric oxide production in human neutrophils using dichlorofl uorescein dia-cetate in the presence of a calmodulin inhibitor
    • Rao KM, Padmanabhan J, Kilby DL, Cohen HJ, Currie MS, Weinberg JB. Flow cytometric analysis of nitric oxide production in human neutrophils using dichlorofl uorescein dia-cetate in the presence of a calmodulin inhibitor. J Leukoc Biol 1992;51:496-500.
    • (1992) J Leukoc Biol , vol.51 , pp. 496-500
    • Rao, K.M.1    Padmanabhan, J.2    Kilby, D.L.3    Cohen, H.J.4    Currie, M.S.5    Weinberg, J.B.6
  • 105
    • 0031407101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluorescence-based measurement of nitric oxide synthase activity in activated rat macrophages using dichlorofl uorescin
    • Imrich A, Kobzik L. Fluorescence-based measurement of nitric oxide synthase activity in activated rat macrophages using dichlorofl uorescin. Nitric Oxide 1997;1:359-369.
    • (1997) Nitric Oxide , vol.1 , pp. 359-369
    • Imrich, A.1    Kobzik, L.2
  • 106
    • 0031423791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dichlorodihydrofl uorescein and dihydrorhodamine 123 are sensitive indicators of peroxynitrite in vitro: Implications for intracellular measurement of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species
    • Crow J P. Dichlorodihydrofl uorescein and dihydrorhodamine 123 are sensitive indicators of peroxynitrite in vitro: implications for intracellular measurement of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. Nitric Oxide 1997;1:145-157.
    • (1997) Nitric Oxide , vol.1 , pp. 145-157
    • Crow, J.P.1
  • 109
    • 0030721736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidation of 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorofl uorescin by peroxynitrite
    • Kooy NW, Royall JA, Ischiropoulos H. Oxidation of 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorofl uorescin by peroxynitrite. Free Radic Res 1997;27:245-254.
    • (1997) Free Radic Res , vol.27 , pp. 245-254
    • Kooy, N.W.1    Royall, J.A.2    Ischiropoulos, H.3
  • 110
    • 0042328260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation of dichlorodihydrofl uorescein and dihydrorhodamine
    • Glebska J, Koppenol WH. Peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation of dichlorodihydrofl uorescein and dihydrorhodamine. Free Radic Biol Med 2003;35:676-682.
    • (2003) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.35 , pp. 676-682
    • Glebska, J.1    Koppenol, W.H.2
  • 111
    • 52649151914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A highly specifi c BODIPY-based fl uorescent probe for the detection of hypochlorous acid
    • Sun ZN, Liu FQ, Chen Y, Tam PK, Yang D. A highly specifi c BODIPY-based fl uorescent probe for the detection of hypochlorous acid. Org Lett 2008;10:2171-2174.
    • (2008) Org Lett , vol.10 , pp. 2171-2174
    • Sun, Z.N.1    Liu, F.Q.2    Chen, Y.3    Tam, P.K.4    Yang, D.5
  • 112
    • 33646505308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective fl uorescent probe for the detection and imaging of peroxynitrite in living cells
    • selective fl uorescent probe for the detection and imaging of peroxynitrite in living cells. J Am Chem Soc 2006;128: 6004-6005.
    • (2006) J Am Chem Soc , vol.128 , pp. 6004-6005
  • 113
    • 65549139801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BODIPY-based fl uorescent probe for peroxynitrite detection and imaging in living cells
    • Sun ZN, Wang HL, Liu FQ, Chen Y, Tam PK, Yang D. BODIPY-based fl uorescent probe for peroxynitrite detection and imaging in living cells. Org Lett 2009;11:1887-1890.
    • (2009) Org Lett , vol.11 , pp. 1887-1890
    • Sun, Z.N.1    Wang, H.L.2    Liu, F.Q.3    Chen, Y.4    Tam, P.K.5    Yang, D.6
  • 114
    • 0018588603 scopus 로고
    • Determination of serum uric acid and glucose using dichlorofl uorescincycloheptaamylose complex
    • Tokyo
    • Kato T, Hiraga Y, Takahashi Y, Kinoshita T. Determination of serum uric acid and glucose using dichlorofl uorescincycloheptaamylose complex. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1979;27:3073-3077.
    • (1979) Chem Pharm Bull , vol.27 , pp. 3073-3077
    • Kato, T.1    Hiraga, Y.2    Takahashi, Y.3    Kinoshita, T.4
  • 115
    • 0018891993 scopus 로고
    • A new enzymatic method for the demonstration of spermine in human seminal stains
    • Suzuki O, Oya M, Katsumata Y, Matsumoto T, Yada S. A new enzymatic method for the demonstration of spermine in human seminal stains. J Forens Sci 1980;25:99-102.
    • (1980) J Forens Sci , vol.25 , pp. 99-102
    • Suzuki, O.1    Oya, M.2    Katsumata, Y.3    Matsumoto, T.4    Yada, S.5
  • 116
    • 0021288845 scopus 로고
    • Detection of picomole levels of lipid hydroperoxides using a dichlorofl uorescein fl uorescent assay
    • Cathcart R, Schwiers E, Ames BN. Detection of picomole levels of lipid hydroperoxides using a dichlorofl uorescein fl uorescent assay. Methods Enzymol 1984;105:352-358.
    • (1984) Methods Enzymol , vol.105 , pp. 352-358
    • Cathcart, R.1    Schwiers, E.2    Ames, B.N.3
  • 117
    • 3242713272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein (ox-LDL) binding to lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) in cultured bovine articular chondrocytes increases production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in the activation of NF-kappaB
    • Nishimura S, Akagi M, Yoshida K, Hayakawa S, Sawamura T, Munakata H, Hamanishi C. Oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein (ox-LDL) binding to lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) in cultured bovine articular chondrocytes increases production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in the activation of NF-kappaB. Osteoarthr Cartil 2004;12:568-576.
    • (2004) Osteoarthr Cartil , vol.12 , pp. 568-576
    • Nishimura, S.1    Akagi, M.2    Yoshida, K.3    Hayakawa, S.4    Sawamura, T.5    Munakata, H.6    Hamanishi, C.7
  • 118
    • 0033876198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thalidomide inhibits angiogenesis in embryoid bodies by the generation of hydroxyl radicals
    • Sauer H, Gunther J, Hescheler J, Wartenberg M. Thalidomide inhibits angiogenesis in embryoid bodies by the generation of hydroxyl radicals. Am J Pathol 2000;156:151-158.
    • (2000) Am J Pathol , vol.156 , pp. 151-158
    • Sauer, H.1    Gunther, J.2    Hescheler, J.3    Wartenberg, M.4
  • 119
    • 0036862583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tubuloside B from Cistanche salsa rescues the PC12 neuronal cells from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress
    • Sheng G, Pu X, Lei L, Tu P, Li C. Tubuloside B from Cistanche salsa rescues the PC12 neuronal cells from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress. Planta Med 2002;68:966-970.
    • (2002) Planta Med , vol.68 , pp. 966-970
    • Sheng, G.1    Pu, X.2    Lei, L.3    Tu, P.4    Li, C.5
  • 120
    • 0025087596 scopus 로고
    • Sensitive and rapid quantitation of oxygen reactive species formation in rat synaptosomes
    • LeBel CP, Bondy SC. Sensitive and rapid quantitation of oxygen reactive species formation in rat synaptosomes. Neurochem Int 1990;17:435-440.
    • (1990) Neurochem Int , vol.17 , pp. 435-440
    • Lebel, C.P.1    Bondy, S.C.2
  • 121
  • 122
    • 42649137882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A liposomal formulation study of 2,7-dichlorodihydrofl uorescein for detection of reactive oxygen species
    • Sadzuka Y, Nakagawa K, Yoshioka H, Sonobe T. A liposomal formulation study of 2,7-dichlorodihydrofl uorescein for detection of reactive oxygen species. Int J Pharm 2008; 356:300-305.
    • (2008) Int J Pharm , vol.356 , pp. 300-305
    • Sadzuka, Y.1    Nakagawa, K.2    Yoshioka, H.3    Sonobe, T.4
  • 123
    • 0035500419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method to measure the oxidizability of both the aqueous and lipid compartments of plasma
    • Aldini G, Yeum KJ, Russell RM, Krinsky NI. A method to measure the oxidizability of both the aqueous and lipid compartments of plasma. Free Radic Biol Med 2001;31: 1043-1050.
    • (2001) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.31 , pp. 1043-1050
    • Aldini, G.1    Yeum, K.J.2    Russell, R.M.3    Krinsky, N.I.4
  • 124
    • 46749135175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DCFH2 interactions with hydroxyl radicals and other oxidantsinfl uence of organic solvents
    • Bromme HJ, Zuhlke L, Silber RE, Simm A. DCFH2 interactions with hydroxyl radicals and other oxidantsinfl uence of organic solvents. Exp Gerontol 2008;43: 638-644.
    • (2008) Exp Gerontol , vol.43 , pp. 638-644
    • Bromme, H.J.1    Zuhlke, L.2    Silber, R.E.3    Simm, A.4
  • 125
    • 0032783532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dihydrofl uorescein diacetate is superior for detecting intracellular oxidants: Comparison with 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorodihydrofl uorescein diacetate, 5 (and 6)-carboxy-2 ′,7 ′-dichlorodihydrofl uorescein diacetate, and dihydrorhodamine 123
    • Hempel SL, Buettner GR, O ' Malley YQ, Wessels DA, Flaherty DM. Dihydrofl uorescein diacetate is superior for detecting intracellular oxidants: comparison with 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorodihydrofl uorescein diacetate, 5 (and 6)-carboxy-2 ′,7 ′-dichlorodihydrofl uorescein diacetate, and dihydrorhodamine 123. Free Radic Biol Med 1999;27:146-159.
    • (1999) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.27 , pp. 146-159
    • Hempel, S.L.1    Buettner, G.R.2    Malley, Y.Q.3    Wessels, D.A.4    Flaherty, D.M.5
  • 126
    • 0035186325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The intracellular oxidation of 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorofl uorescin in murine T lymphocytes
    • van Reyk DM, King NJ, Dinauer MC, Hunt NH. The intracellular oxidation of 2 ′,7 ′-dichlorofl uorescin in murine T lymphocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2001;30: 82-88.
    • (2001) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.30 , pp. 82-88
    • Van Reyk, D.M.1    King, N.J.2    Dinauer, M.C.3    Hunt, N.H.4
  • 128
    • 0029760618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between the intracellular reactive oxygen species and the induction of oxidative DNA damage in human neutrophillike cells
    • Takeuchi T, Nakajima M, Morimoto K. Relationship between the intracellular reactive oxygen species and the induction of oxidative DNA damage in human neutrophillike cells. Carcinogenesis 1996;17:1543-1548.
    • (1996) Carcinogenesis , vol.17 , pp. 1543-1548
    • Takeuchi, T.1    Nakajima, M.2    Morimoto, K.3
  • 129
    • 33748561167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-talk between calcium and reactive oxygen species signaling
    • Yan Y, Wei CL, Zhang WR, Cheng HP, Liu J. Cross-talk between calcium and reactive oxygen species signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2006;27:821-826.
    • (2006) Acta Pharmacol Sin , vol.27 , pp. 821-826
    • Yan, Y.1    Wei, C.L.2    Zhang, W.R.3    Cheng, H.P.4    Liu, J.5
  • 130
    • 0032701415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In the neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y, oxidative stress-induced free radical overproduction causes cell death without any participation of intracellular Ca(2+) increase
    • Amoroso S, Gioielli A, Cataldi M, Di Renzo G, Annunziato L. In the neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y, oxidative stress-induced free radical overproduction causes cell death without any participation of intracellular Ca(2+) increase. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999;1452:151-160.
    • (1999) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1452 , pp. 151-160
    • Amoroso, S.1    Gioielli, A.2    Cataldi, M.3    Di Renzo, G.4    Annunziato, L.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.