Endoventricular electromechanical mapping - The diagnostic and therapeutic utility of the NOGA® XP cardiac navigation system

Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research

Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 48-62

  Psaltis, Peter J ^a,b   Worthley, Stephen G ^a,b  

^a ROYAL ADELAIDE HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Cell therapy; Electromechanical mapping; Gene therapy; Intramyocardial delivery; Left ventricular mapping; Myocardial viability

Indexed keywords

ADENOVIRUS VECTOR; GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; PLACEBO; PLASMID DNA; VASCULOTROPIN 121; VASCULOTROPIN 165; VASCULOTROPIN C;

ANALYTICAL EQUIPMENT; ANGINA PECTORIS; CATHETER; CELL TRANSPLANTATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; ELECTRODIAGNOSIS; ENDOCARDIUM; GENE THERAPY; HEART FUNCTION; HEART HEMODYNAMICS; HEART INFARCTION; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEART MUSCLE REVASCULARIZATION; HUMAN; MYOSTAR; NEEDLE; NOGA XP; NOGASTAR; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; QWIK PATCH; REFSTAR; REVIEW; ACTION POTENTIAL; ALGORITHM; ANIMAL; COMPUTER ASSISTED DIAGNOSIS; COMPUTER ASSISTED THERAPY; DEVICES; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; HEART CATHETERIZATION; HEART CONTRACTION; HEART DISEASES; HEART FUNCTION TEST; HEART MUSCLE CONDUCTION SYSTEM; HEART VENTRICLE; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PREDICTIVE VALUE; REPRODUCIBILITY; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING; TIME; TISSUE SURVIVAL;

ACTION POTENTIALS; ALGORITHMS; ANIMALS; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC TECHNIQUES, CARDIAC; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; HEART CATHETERIZATION; HEART CONDUCTION SYSTEM; HEART DISEASES; HEART VENTRICLES; HUMANS; IMAGE INTERPRETATION, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL; MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; THERAPY, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; TIME FACTORS; TISSUE SURVIVAL; CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION;

EID: 77953407194     PISSN: 19375387     EISSN: 19375395     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12265-008-9080-7     Document Type: Review

References (92)

1. S. A. Ben-Haim D. Osadchy I. Schuster L. Gepstein G. Hayam M. E. Josephson 1996 Nonfluoroscopic, in vivo navigation and mapping technology Nature Medicine 2 1393 1395
2. S. Shpun L. Gepstein G. Hayam S. A. Ben-Haim 1997 Guidance of radiofrequency endocardial ablation with real-time three-dimensional magnetic navigation system Circulation 96 2016 2021
3. D. C. Shah P. Jais M. Haissaguerre S. Chouairi A. Takahashi M. Hocini 1997 Three-dimensional mapping of the common atrial flutter circuit in the right atrium Circulation 96 3904 3912
4. C. Pappone G. Oreto F. Lamberti G. Vicedomini M. L. Loricchio S. Shpun 1999 Catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using a 3D mapping system Circulation 100 1203 1208
5. R. Kornowski M. B. Leon 1999 Left ventricular electromechanical mapping: Current understanding and diagnostic potential Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 48 421 429
6. M. B. Leon R. Kornowski W. E. Downey G. Weisz D. S. Baim R. O. Bonow 2005 A blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of percutaneous laser myocardial revascularization to improve angina symptoms in patients with severe coronary disease Journal of the American College of Cardiology 46 1812 1819
7. P. R. Vale D. W. Losordo C. E. Milliken M. Maysky D. D. Esakof J. F. Symes 2000 Left ventricular electromechanical mapping to assess efficacy of Phvegf(165) gene transfer for therapeutic angiogenesis in chronic myocardial ischemia Circulation 102 965 974
8. W. Sherman T. P. Martens J. F. Viles-Gonzalez T. Siminiak 2006 Catheter-based delivery of cells to the heart Nature Clinical Practice 3 Suppl 1 S57 S64
9. L. Gepstein G. Hayam S. Shpun S. A. Ben-Haim 1997 Hemodynamic evaluation of the heart with a nonfluoroscopic electromechanical mapping technique Circulation 96 3672 3680
10. R. Kornowski M. K. Hong L. Gepstein S. Goldstein S. Ellahham S. A. Ben-Haim 1998 Preliminary animal and clinical experiences using an electromechanical endocardial mapping procedure to distinguish infarcted from healthy myocardium Circulation 98 1116 1124
11. L. Gepstein G. Hayam S. A. Ben-Haim 1997 A novel method for nonfluoroscopic catheter-based electroanatomical mapping of the heart. In vitro and in vivo accuracy results Circulation 95 1611 1622
12. J. L. Smeets S. A. Ben-Haim L. M. Rodriguez C. Timmermans H. J. Wellens 1998 New method for nonfluoroscopic endocardial mapping in humans: Accuracy assessment and first clinical results Circulation 97 2426 2432
13. I. Schnittger P. J. Fitzgerald G. T. Daughters N. B. Ingels N. E. Kantrowitz A. Schwarzkopf 1982 Limitations of comparing left ventricular volumes by two dimensional echocardiography, myocardial markers and cineangiography The American Journal of Cardiology 50 512 519
14. A. S. Gopal A. M. Keller R. Rigling D. L. King Jr. D. L. King 1993 Left ventricular volume and endocardial surface area by three-dimensional echocardiography: Comparison with two-dimensional echocardiography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in normal subjects Journal of the American College of Cardiology 22 258 270
15. A. S. Gopal Z. Shen P. M. Sapin A. M. Keller M. J. Schnellbaecher D. W. Leibowitz 1995 Assessment of cardiac function by three-dimensional echocardiography compared with conventional noninvasive methods Circulation 92 842 853
16. G. Van Langenhove J. N. Hamburger P. C. Smits M. Albertal E. Onderwater I. P. Kay 2000 Evaluation of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction with a nonfluoroscopic endoventricular three-dimensional mapping technique American Heart Journal 140 596 602
17. R. Sarmento-Leite G. V. Silva H. F. Dohman R. M. Rocha H. J. Dohman N. D. de Mattos 2003 Comparison of left ventricular electromechanical mapping and left ventricular angiography: Defining practical standards for analysis of Noga maps Texas Heart Institute Journal 30 19 26
18. L. Gepstein A. Goldin J. Lessick G. Hayam S. Shpun Y. Schwartz 1998 Electromechanical characterization of chronic myocardial infarction in the canine coronary occlusion model Circulation 98 2055 2064
19. D. J. Callans J. F. Ren J. Michele F. E. Marchlinski S. M. Dillon 1999 Electroanatomic left ventricular mapping in the porcine model of healed anterior myocardial infarction. Correlation with intracardiac echocardiography and pathological analysis Circulation 100 1744 1750
20. S. Fuchs R. Kornowski A. Shiran A. Pierre S. Ellahham M. B. Leon 1999 Electromechanical characterization of myocardial hibernation in a pig model Coronary Artery Disease 10 195 198
21. T. Wolf L. Gepstein U. Dror G. Hayam R. Shofti A. Zaretzky 2001 Detailed endocardial mapping accurately predicts the transmural extent of myocardial infarction Journal of the American College of Cardiology 37 1590 1597
22. S. T. Thambar L. Schofield A. Poppas M. Bouchard D. O. Williams L. L. Johnson 2003 Validation of R wave voltage endomyocardial mapping to assess myocardial fibrosis: Comparison with thallium and dobutamine echocardiography in a swine model Journal of Interventional Cardiology 16 23 31
23. R. Kornowski M. K. Hong M. B. Leon 1998 Comparison between left ventricular electromechanical mapping and radionuclide perfusion imaging for detection of myocardial viability Circulation 98 1837 1841
24. H. E. Botker J. F. Lassen F. Hermansen H. Wiggers P. Sogaard W. Y. Kim 2001 Electromechanical mapping for detection of myocardial viability in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy Circulation 103 1631 1637
25. A. Keck K. Hertting Y. Schwartz R. Kitzing M. Weber B. Leisner 2002 Electromechanical mapping for determination of myocardial contractility and viability. A comparison with echocardiography, myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography, and positron emission tomography Journal of the American College of Cardiology 40 1067 1074 discussion 1075-1068
26. T. Wolf L. Gepstein G. Hayam A. Zaretzky R. Shofty D. Kirshenbaum 2001 Three-dimensional endocardial impedance mapping: A new approach for myocardial infarction assessment American Journal of Physiology 280 H179 H188
27. J. Odenstedt C. Mansson S. O. Jansson L. Grip 2003 Endocardial electromechanical mapping in a porcine acute infarct and reperfusion model evaluating the extent of myocardial ischemia The Journal of Invasive Cardiology 15 497 501
28. J. A. Fallavollita U. Valeti S. Oza J. M. Canty Jr. 2004 Spatial heterogeneity of endocardial voltage amplitude in viable, chronically dysfunctional myocardium Basic Research in Cardiology 99 212 222
29. K. C. Allman L. J. Shaw R. Hachamovitch J. E. Udelson 2002 Myocardial viability testing and impact of revascularization on prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction: A meta-analysis Journal of the American College of Cardiology 39 1151 1158
30. E. C. Perin G. V. Silva R. Sarmento-Leite A. L. Sousa M. Howell R. Muthupillai 2002 Assessing myocardial viability and infarct transmurality with left ventricular electromechanical mapping in patients with stable coronary artery disease: Validation by delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging Circulation 106 957 961
31. V. Rizzello D. Poldermans J. J. Bax 2005 Assessment of myocardial viability in chronic ischemic heart disease: Current status Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 49 81 96
32. S. Fuchs R. C. Hendel D. S. Baim J. W. Moses A. Pierre R. J. Laham 2001 Comparison of endocardial electromechanical mapping with radionuclide perfusion imaging to assess myocardial viability and severity of myocardial ischemia in angina pectoris The American Journal of Cardiology 87 874 880
33. A. Poppas F. H. Sheehan M. Reisman V. Harms R. Kornowski 2004 Validation of viability assessment by electromechanical mapping by three-dimensional reconstruction with dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients with coronary artery disease The American Journal of Cardiology 93 1097 1101
34. S. Graf M. Gyongyosi A. Khorsand S. G. Nekolla C. Pirich K. Kletter 2004 Electromechanical properties of perfusion/metabolism mismatch: Comparison of nonfluoroscopic electroanatomic mapping with 18f-Fdg Pet Journal of Nuclear Medicine 45 1611 1618
35. K. C. Koch J. vom Dahl M. Wenderdel B. Nowak W. M. Schaefer A. Sasse 2001 Myocardial viability assessment by endocardial electroanatomic mapping: Comparison with metabolic imaging and functional recovery after coronary revascularization Journal of the American College of Cardiology 38 91 98
36. M. Gyongyosi H. Sochor A. Khorsand L. Gepstein D. Glogar 2001 Online myocardial viability assessment in the catheterization laboratory via NOGA electroanatomic mapping: Quantitative comparison with thallium-201 uptake Circulation 104 1005 1011
37. H. Samady Y. H. Liu C. J. Choi M. Ragosta S. E. Pfau M. W. Cleman 2003 Electromechanical mapping for detecting myocardial viability and ischemia in patients with severe ischemic cardiomyopathy The American Journal of Cardiology 91 807 811
38. A. Maes W. Flameng J. Nuyts M. Borgers B. Shivalkar J. Ausma 1994 Histological alterations in chronically hypoperfused myocardium. Correlation with PET findings Circulation 90 735 745
39. C. Depre J. L. Vanoverschelde J. A. Melin M. Borgers A. Bol J. Ausma 1995 Structural and metabolic correlates of the reversibility of chronic left ventricular ischemic dysfunction in humans The American Journal of Physiology 268 H1265 H1275
40. E. C. Perin G. V. Silva R. Sarmento-Leite W. K. Vaughn R. D. Fish J. J. Ferguson 3rd 2002 Left ventricular electromechanical mapping: Preliminary evidence of electromechanical changes after successful coronary intervention American Heart Journal 144 693 701
41. K. C. Koch M. Wenderdel C. Stellbrink P. Hanrath J. vom Dahl 2001 Electromechanical assessment of left ventricular function following successful percutaneous coronary revascularization Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 54 466 472
42. E. Jorgensen T. Madsen J. Kastrup 2005 Comparison of the left ventricular electromechanical map before percutaneous coronary stent revascularization and at one-month follow-up in patients with a recent ST elevation infarction Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 64 153 159
43. H. Wiggers H. E. Botker P. Sogaard A. Kaltoft F. Hermansen W. Y. Kim 2003 Electromechanical mapping versus positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography for the detection of myocardial viability in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy Journal of the American College of Cardiology 41 843 848
44. K. C. Koch J. vom Dahl W. M. Schaefer B. Nowak S. Kapan P. Hanrath 2004 Prognostic value of endocardial electromechanical mapping in patients with left ventricular dysfunction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention The American Journal of Cardiology 94 1129 1133
45. R. Kornowski B. Bhargava M. B. Leon 1999 Percutaneous transmyocardial laser revascularization: An overview Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 47 354 359
46. D. A. Cooley O. H. Frazier K. A. Kadipasaoglu M. H. Lindenmeir S. Pehlivanoglu J. W. Kolff 1996 Transmyocardial laser revascularization: Clinical experience with twelve-month follow-up The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 111 791 797 discussion 797-799
47. R. J. Laham D. S. Baim 2001 Combined percutaneous biosense-guided laser myocardial revascularization and coronary intervention Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 53 235 240
48. S. Fuchs R. Baffour M. Shou E. Stabile S. Singh B. Schwartz 2001 Could plasmid-mediated gene transfer into the myocardium be augmented by left ventricular guided laser myocardial injury? Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 54 533 538
49. A. N. Patel C. Spadaccio M. Kuzman E. Park D. W. Fischer S. L. Stice 2007 Improved cell survival in infarcted myocardium using a novel combination transmyocardial laser and cell delivery system Cell Transplantation 16 899 905
50. R. Kornowski D. S. Baim J. W. Moses M. K. Hong R. J. Laham S. Fuchs 2000 Short- and intermediate-term clinical outcomes from direct myocardial laser revascularization guided by biosense left ventricular electromechanical mapping Circulation 102 1120 1125
51. G. Van Langenhove E. Regar D. P. Foley J. N. Hamburger P. C. Smits M. Albertal 2000 Acute changes of global and regional left ventricular function immediately after direct myocardial revascularization Seminars in Interventional Cardiology 5 103 106
52. S. N. Oesterle T. A. Sanborn N. Ali J. Resar S. R. Ramee R. Heuser 2000 Percutaneous transmyocardial laser revascularisation for severe angina: The Pacific Randomised Trial. Potential class improvement from intramyocardial channels Lancet 356 1705 1710
53. G. W. Stone P. S. Teirstein R. Rubenstein D. Schmidt P. L. Whitlow E. J. Kosinski 2002 A prospective, multicenter, randomized trial of percutaneous transmyocardial laser revascularization in patients with nonrecanalizable chronic total occlusions Journal of the American College of Cardiology 39 1581 1587
54. P. L. Whitlow S. J. DeMaio Jr. E. C. Perin W. W. O'Neill J. M. Lasala J. E. Schneider 2003 One-year results of percutaneous myocardial revascularization for refractory angina pectoris The American Journal of Cardiology 91 1342 1346
55. M. Salem S. Rotevatn S. Stavnes M. Brekke S. E. Vollset J. E. Nordrehaug 2004 Usefulness and safety of percutaneous myocardial laser revascularization for refractory angina pectoris The American Journal of Cardiology 93 1086 1091
56. P. R. Vale D. W. Losordo C. E. Milliken M. C. McDonald L. M. Gravelin C. M. Curry 2001 Randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of catheter-based myocardial gene transfer for therapeutic angiogenesis using left ventricular electromechanical mapping in patients with chronic myocardial ischemia Circulation 103 2138 2143
57. D. W. Losordo P. R. Vale R. C. Hendel C. E. Milliken F. D. Fortuin N. Cummings 2002 Phase 1/2 placebo-controlled, double-blind, dose-escalating trial of myocardial vascular endothelial growth factor 2 gene transfer by catheter delivery in patients with chronic myocardial ischemia Circulation 105 2012 2018
58. S. Fuchs N. Dib B. M. Cohen P. Okubagzi E. B. Diethrich A. Campbell 2006 A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, pilot study of the safety and feasibility of catheter-based intramyocardial injection of Advegf121 in patients with refractory advanced coronary artery disease Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 68 372 378
59. K. T. Krause K. Jaquet S. Geidel C. Schneider C. Mandel H. P. Stoll 2006 Percutaneous endocardial injection of erythropoietin: Assessment of cardioprotection by electromechanical mapping European Journal of Heart Failure 8 443 450
60. S. Fuchs R. Baffour Y. F. Zhou M. Shou A. Pierre F. O. Tio 2001 Transendocardial delivery of autologous bone marrow enhances collateral perfusion and regional function in pigs with chronic experimental myocardial ischemia Journal of the American College of Cardiology 37 1726 1732
61. H. F. Tse Y. L. Kwong J. K. Chan G. Lo C. L. Ho C. P. Lau 2003 Angiogenesis in ischaemic myocardium by intramyocardial autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell implantation Lancet 361 47 49
62. E. C. Perin H. F. Dohmann R. Borojevic S. A. Silva A. L. Sousa G. V. Silva 2004 Improved exercise capacity and ischemia 6 and 12 months after transendocardial injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells for ischemic cardiomyopathy Circulation 110 II213 II218
63. S. Fuchs R. Kornowski G. Weisz L. F. Satler P. C. Smits P. Okubagzi 2006 Safety and feasibility of transendocardial autologous bone marrow cell transplantation in patients with advanced heart disease The American Journal of Cardiology 97 823 829
64. P. R. Vale D. W. Losordo T. Tkebuchava D. Chen C. E. Milliken J. M. Isner 1999 Catheter-based myocardial gene transfer utilizing nonfluoroscopic electromechanical left ventricular mapping Journal of the American College of Cardiology 34 246 254
65. R. Kornowski M. B. Leon S. Fuchs Y. Vodovotz M. A. Flynn D. A. Gordon 2000 Electromagnetic guidance for catheter-based transendocardial injection: A platform for intramyocardial angiogenesis therapy. Results in normal and ischemic porcine models Journal of the American College of Cardiology 35 1031 1039
66. P. C. Smits G. van Langenhove M. Schaar A. Reijs W. H. Bakker W. J. van der Giessen 2002 Efficacy of percutaneous intramyocardial injections using a nonfluoroscopic 3-D mapping based catheter system Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy 16 527 533
67. J. Kastrup E. Jorgensen A. Ruck K. Tagil D. Glogar W. Ruzyllo 2005 Direct intramyocardial plasmid vascular endothelial growth factor-A165 gene therapy in patients with stable severe angina pectoris a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study: The Euroinject One Trial Journal of the American College of Cardiology 45 982 988
68. F. Baldazzi E. Jorgensen R. S. Ripa J. Kastrup 2008 Release of biomarkers of myocardial damage after direct intramyocardial injection of genes and stem cells via the percutaneous transluminal route European Heart Journal 29 1819 1826
69. B. Assmus J. Honold V. Schachinger M. B. Britten U. Fischer-Rasokat R. Lehmann 2006 Transcoronary transplantation of progenitor cells after myocardial infarction New England Journal of Medicine 355 1222 1232
70. D. Hou E. A. Youssef T. J. Brinton P. Zhang P. Rogers E. T. Price 2005 Radiolabeled cell distribution after intramyocardial, intracoronary, and interstitial retrograde coronary venous delivery: Implications for current clinical trials Circulation 112 I150 156
71. T. Freyman G. Polin H. Osman J. Crary M. Lu L. Cheng 2006 A quantitative, randomized study evaluating three methods of mesenchymal stem cell delivery following myocardial infarction European Heart Journal 27 1114 1122
72. P. R. Vulliet M. Greeley S. M. Halloran K. A. MacDonald M. D. Kittleson 2004 Intra-coronary arterial injection of mesenchymal stromal cells and microinfarction in dogs Lancet 363 783 784
73. E. C. Perin G. V. Silva J. A. Assad D. Vela L. M. Buja A. L. Sousa 2008 Comparison of intracoronary and transendocardial delivery of allogeneic mesenchymal cells in a canine model of acute myocardial infarction Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 44 486 495
74. N. Nyolczas M. Gyongyosi G. Beran M. Dettke S. Graf H. Sochor 2007 Design and rationale for the myocardial stem cell administration after acute myocardial infarction (Mystar) study: A multicenter, prospective, randomized, single-blind trial comparing early and late intracoronary or combined (percutaneous intramyocardial and intracoronary) administration of nonselected autologous bone marrow cells to patients after acute myocardial infarction American Heart Journal 153 212.e1 e7
75. L. C. Amado A. P. Saliaris K. H. Schuleri M. St John J. S. Xie S. Cattaneo 2005 Cardiac repair with intramyocardial injection of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells after myocardial infarction Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102 11474 11479
76. N. Dib E. B. Diethrich A. Campbell N. Goodwin B. Robinson J. Gilbert 2002 Endoventricular transplantation of allogenic skeletal myoblasts in a porcine model of myocardial infarction Journal of Endovascular Therapy 9 313 319
77. P. C. Smits R. J. van Geuns D. Poldermans M. Bountioukos E. E. Onderwater C. H. Lee 2003 Catheter-based intramyocardial injection of autologous skeletal myoblasts as a primary treatment of ischemic heart failure: Clinical experience with six-month follow-up Journal of the American College of Cardiology 42 2063 2069
78. E. Biagini M. Valgimigli P. C. Smits D. Poldermans A. F. Schinkel V. Rizzello 2006 Stress and tissue Doppler echocardiographic evidence of effectiveness of myoblast transplantation in patients with ischaemic heart failure European Journal of Heart Failure 8 641 648
79. D. W. Losordo R. A. Schatz C. J. White J. E. Udelson V. Veereshwarayya M. Durgin 2007 Intramyocardial transplantation of autologous CD34+ stem cells for intractable angina: A phase I/IIa double-blind, randomized controlled trial Circulation 115 3165 3172
80. G. V. Silva S. Litovsky J. A. Assad A. L. Sousa B. J. Martin D. Vela 2005 Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into an endothelial phenotype, enhance vascular density, and improve heart function in a canine chronic ischemia model Circulation 111 150 156
81. H. F. Tse S. Thambar Y. L. Kwong P. Rowlings G. Bellamy J. McCrohon 2006 Safety of catheter-based intramyocardial autologous bone marrow cells implantation for therapeutic angiogenesis The American Journal of Cardiology 98 60 62
82. B. Chazaud L. Hittinger C. Sonnet S. Champagne P. Le Corvoisier N. Benhaiem-Sigaux 2003 Endoventricular porcine autologous myoblast transplantation can be successfully achieved with minor mechanical cell damage Cardiovascular Research 58 444 450
83. S. R. Opie N. Dib 2006 Surgical and catheter delivery of autologous myoblasts in patients with congestive heart failure Nature Clinical Practice 3 Suppl 1 S42 S45
84. E. C. Perin H. F. Dohmann R. Borojevic S. A. Silva A. L. Sousa C. T. Mesquita 2003 Transendocardial, autologous bone marrow cell transplantation for severe, chronic ischemic heart failure Circulation 107 2294 2302
85. S. L. Chen W. W. Fang F. Ye Y. H. Liu J. Qian S. J. Shan 2004 Effect on left ventricular function of intracoronary transplantation of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell in patients with acute myocardial infarction The American Journal of Cardiology 94 92 95
86. G. Bolotin T. Wolf F. H. van der Veen R. Shachner Y. Sazbon D. Reisfeld 2001 Three-dimensional electromechanical mapping: Imaging in the operating room of the future The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 72 S1083 S1089
87. T. Ota T. W. Gilbert S. F. Badylak D. Schwartzman M. A. Zenati 2007 Electromechanical characterization of a tissue-engineered myocardial patch derived from extracellular matrix The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 133 979 985
88. H. U. Klemm R. Ventura O. Franzen S. Baldus K. Mortensen T. Risius 2006 Simultaneous mapping of activation and motion timing in the healthy and chronically ischemic heart Heart Rhythm 3 781 788
89. T. Dickfeld H. Calkins M. Zviman R. Kato G. Meininger L. Lickfett 2003 Anatomic stereotactic catheter ablation on three-dimensional magnetic resonance images in real time Circulation 108 2407 2413
90. E. C. Perin G. V. Silva M. R. Fernandes T. Munger A. Pandey R. Sehra 2007 First experience with remote left ventricular mapping and transendocardial cell injection with a novel integrated magnetic navigation-guided electromechanical mapping system Eurointervention 3 142 148
91. S. Seth R. Narang B. Bhargava R. Ray S. Mohanty G. Gulati 2006 Percutaneous intracoronary cellular cardiomyoplasty for nonischemic cardiomyopathy: Clinical and histopathological results: The First-in-Man ABCD (autologous bone marrow cells in dilated cardiomyopathy) trial Journal of the American College of Cardiology 48 2350 2351
92. S. Ohnishi B. Yanagawa K. Tanaka Y. Miyahara H. Obata M. Kataoka 2007 Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells attenuates myocardial injury and dysfunction in a rat model of acute myocarditis Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 42 88 97