메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 73, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 481-494

Reinterpreting the Empathy-Altruism Relationship: When One into One Equals Oneness

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALTRUISM; ARTICLE; COOPERATION; EMPATHY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; MALE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS;

EID: 0031230936     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.73.3.481     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (1009)

References (88)
  • 2
    • 0009144293 scopus 로고
    • The farmer and the cowman should be friends: An attempt at reconciliation with Batson, Coke, and Pych
    • Archer, R. L. (1984). The farmer and the cowman should be friends: An attempt at reconciliation with Batson, Coke, and Pych. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 709-711.
    • (1984) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.46 , pp. 709-711
    • Archer, R.L.1
  • 4
    • 21144462267 scopus 로고
    • Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness
    • Aron, A., Aron, E.N., & Smollan, D. (1992). Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 596-612.
    • (1992) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.63 , pp. 596-612
    • Aron, A.1    Aron, E.N.2    Smollan, D.3
  • 7
    • 77957063209 scopus 로고
    • Prosocial motivation: Is it ever truly altruistic?
    • L. Berkowitz (Ed.), New York: Academic Press
    • Batson, C. D. (1987). Prosocial motivation: Is it ever truly altruistic? In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 20, pp. 65-122). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1987) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 65-122
    • Batson, C.D.1
  • 9
    • 0000329552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prosocial behavior and altruism
    • in press. D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Batson, C. D. (in press). Prosocial behavior and altruism. In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • The Handbook of Social Psychology (4th Ed.)
    • Batson, C.D.1
  • 15
    • 33644869403 scopus 로고
    • Encouraging words concerning the evidence for altruism
    • Batson, C. D., & Shaw, L. L. (1991). Encouraging words concerning the evidence for altruism. Psychological Inquiry, 2, 159-168.
    • (1991) Psychological Inquiry , vol.2 , pp. 159-168
    • Batson, C.D.1    Shaw, L.L.2
  • 20
    • 26444459341 scopus 로고
    • In-group bias in the minimal group situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis
    • Brewer, M. (1979). In-group bias in the minimal group situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 307-324.
    • (1979) Psychological Bulletin , vol.86 , pp. 307-324
    • Brewer, M.1
  • 24
    • 21844521539 scopus 로고
    • Some neo-Darwin decision rules for altruism: Weighing cues for inclusive fitness as a function of the biological importance of the decision
    • Burnstein, E., Crandall, C., & Kitayama, S. (1994). Some neo-Darwin decision rules for altruism: Weighing cues for inclusive fitness as a function of the biological importance of the decision. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 773-789.
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.67 , pp. 773-789
    • Burnstein, E.1    Crandall, C.2    Kitayama, S.3
  • 25
    • 0000048388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary perspective
    • in press. D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Buss, D. M., & Kenrick, D. T. (in press). The evolutionary perspective. In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • The Handbook of Social Psychology (4th Ed.)
    • Buss, D.M.1    Kenrick, D.T.2
  • 26
    • 0030119501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-anchoring and differentiation processes in the minimal group setting
    • Cadinu, M. R., & Rothbart, M. (1996). Self-anchoring and differentiation processes in the minimal group setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 666-677.
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.70 , pp. 666-677
    • Cadinu, M.R.1    Rothbart, M.2
  • 27
    • 0000847375 scopus 로고
    • On the conflicts between biological and social evolution and between psychology and oral tradition
    • Campbell, D. T. (1975). On the conflicts between biological and social evolution and between psychology and oral tradition. American Psychologist, 30, 1103-1126.
    • (1975) American Psychologist , vol.30 , pp. 1103-1126
    • Campbell, D.T.1
  • 28
    • 0011417785 scopus 로고
    • Altruism or egoism? That is (still) the question
    • Cialdini, R. B. (1991). Altruism or egoism? That is (still) the question. Psychological Inquiry, 2, 124-126.
    • (1991) Psychological Inquiry , vol.2 , pp. 124-126
    • Cialdini, R.B.1
  • 32
    • 0003920748 scopus 로고
    • London: Longmans, Green. Original work published 1851
    • Comte, I. A. (1875). System of positive polity (Vol. 1). London: Longmans, Green. (Original work published 1851)
    • (1875) System of Positive Polity , vol.1
    • Comte, I.A.1
  • 33
    • 84934095701 scopus 로고
    • Levites and brother's keepers: A sociobiological perspective on prosocial behavior
    • Cunningham, M. R. (1986). Levites and brother's keepers: A sociobiological perspective on prosocial behavior. Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, 13, 35-67.
    • (1986) Humboldt Journal of Social Relations , vol.13 , pp. 35-67
    • Cunningham, M.R.1
  • 35
    • 0030118251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of perspective taking on the cognitive representation of persons: A merging of self and other
    • Davis, M. H., Conklin, L., Smith, A., & Luce, C. (1996). The effect of perspective taking on the cognitive representation of persons: A merging of self and other. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 713-726.
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.70 , pp. 713-726
    • Davis, M.H.1    Conklin, L.2    Smith, A.3    Luce, C.4
  • 36
    • 0002641684 scopus 로고
    • Cooperation for the benefit of us - Not me or my conscience
    • J. J. Mansbridge (Ed.), Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Dawes, R., van de Kragt, A. J. C., & Orbell, J. M. (1990). Cooperation for the benefit of us - not me or my conscience. In J. J. Mansbridge (Ed.), Beyond self-interest (pp. 97-110). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1990) Beyond Self-interest , pp. 97-110
    • Dawes, R.1    Van De Kragt, A.J.C.2    Orbell, J.M.3
  • 40
    • 0348078978 scopus 로고
    • Biosocial determinants of prosocial and aggressive behavior
    • L. Ellis & H. Hoffman (Eds.), New York: Praeger
    • Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., & Miller, P. A. (1990). Biosocial determinants of prosocial and aggressive behavior. In L. Ellis & H. Hoffman (Eds.), Evolution, the brain, and criminal behavior (pp. 247-260). New York: Praeger.
    • (1990) Evolution, the Brain, and Criminal Behavior , pp. 247-260
    • Eisenberg, N.1    Fabes, R.A.2    Miller, P.A.3
  • 41
  • 43
    • 0013114822 scopus 로고
    • Empathy, sadness, and distress: Three related but distinct vicarious affective responses to another's suffering
    • Fultz, J., Schaller, M., & Cialdini, R. B. (1988). Empathy, sadness, and distress: Three related but distinct vicarious affective responses to another's suffering. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14, 312-325.
    • (1988) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.14 , pp. 312-325
    • Fultz, J.1    Schaller, M.2    Cialdini, R.B.3
  • 47
    • 0013770258 scopus 로고
    • The genetic evolution of social behavior
    • Hamilton, W. D. (1964). The genetic evolution of social behavior. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 1-52.
    • (1964) Journal of Theoretical Biology , vol.7 , pp. 1-52
    • Hamilton, W.D.1
  • 48
    • 0030300038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The "self-digest": Self-knowledge serving self-regulatory functions
    • Higgins, E. T. (1996). The "self-digest": Self-knowledge serving self-regulatory functions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 1062-1083.
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.71 , pp. 1062-1083
    • Higgins, E.T.1
  • 49
    • 0001560226 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of affect and cognition in empathy
    • C. E. Izard, J. Kagan, & R. B. Zajonc (Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Hoffman, M. L. (1984). Interaction of affect and cognition in empathy. In C. E. Izard, J. Kagan, & R. B. Zajonc (Eds.), Emotions, cognitions, and behavior (pp. 103-131). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1984) Emotions, Cognitions, and Behavior , pp. 103-131
    • Hoffman, M.L.1
  • 51
    • 0009413027 scopus 로고
    • Promotive tension: Theory and research
    • V. Derlega & J. Grzelak (Eds.), New York: Academic Press
    • Hornstein, H. A. (1982). Promotive tension: Theory and research. In V. Derlega & J. Grzelak (Eds.), Cooperation and helping behavior: Theories and research (pp. 229-248). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1982) Cooperation and Helping Behavior: Theories and Research , pp. 229-248
    • Hornstein, H.A.1
  • 52
    • 0004088235 scopus 로고
    • (L. A. Selby-Brigge, Ed.) Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1740)
    • Hume, D. (1896).A treatise of human nature. (L. A. Selby-Brigge, Ed.) Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1740)
    • (1896) A Treatise of Human Nature
    • Hume, D.1
  • 53
    • 0000756180 scopus 로고
    • Duration of the effect of good mood on helping: "Footprints in the sands of time."
    • Isen, A. M., Clark, M., & Schwartz, M. (1976). Duration of the effect of good mood on helping: "Footprints in the sands of time." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 385-393.
    • (1976) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.34 , pp. 385-393
    • Isen, A.M.1    Clark, M.2    Schwartz, M.3
  • 54
    • 77957026441 scopus 로고
    • Mental representations of the self
    • L. Berkowitz (Ed.), New York: Academic Press
    • Kihlstrom, J. F., & Cantor, N. (1984). Mental representations of the self. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 15, pp. 1-47). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1984) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.15 , pp. 1-47
    • Kihlstrom, J.F.1    Cantor, N.2
  • 55
    • 0346187650 scopus 로고
    • Effects of group identity on resource use in a simulated commons dilemma
    • Kramer, R. M., & Brewer, M. B. (1984). Effects of group identity on resource use in a simulated commons dilemma. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 504-516.
    • (1984) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 504-516
    • Kramer, R.M.1    Brewer, M.B.2
  • 56
    • 0002515643 scopus 로고
    • Helping the group or helping yourself? Social motives and group identity in resources dilemmas
    • D. A. Schroeder (Ed.), Westport, CT: Praeger
    • Kramer, R. M., & Goldman, L. (1995). Helping the group or helping yourself? Social motives and group identity in resources dilemmas. In D. A. Schroeder (Ed.), Social dilemmas: Perspectives on individuals and groups (pp. 49-67). Westport, CT: Praeger.
    • (1995) Social Dilemmas: Perspectives on Individuals and Groups , pp. 49-67
    • Kramer, R.M.1    Goldman, L.2
  • 58
    • 0000864976 scopus 로고
    • Altruism and egoism: A false dichotomy?
    • Krebs, D. L. (1991). Altruism and egoism: A false dichotomy? Psychological Inquiry, 2, 137-139.
    • (1991) Psychological Inquiry , vol.2 , pp. 137-139
    • Krebs, D.L.1
  • 59
    • 0009299669 scopus 로고
    • Madison, WI: Brown & Benchmark
    • Leary, M. R. (1995). Self-presentation. Madison, WI: Brown & Benchmark.
    • (1995) Self-presentation
    • Leary, M.R.1
  • 60
    • 0003298349 scopus 로고
    • The justice motive in human relations and the economic model of man
    • V. Derlaga & J. Grzelak (Eds.), New York: Academic Press
    • Lerner, M. J. (1982). The justice motive in human relations and the economic model of man. In V. Derlaga & J. Grzelak (Eds.), Cooperation and helping behavior: Theories and research (pp. 249-278). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1982) Cooperation and Helping Behavior: Theories and Research , pp. 249-278
    • Lerner, M.J.1
  • 61
    • 0002127469 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical advances in justice behavior: Some cross-cultural inputs
    • M. H. Bond (Ed.), Newbury Park, CA: Sage
    • Leung, K. (1988). Theoretical advances in justice behavior: Some cross-cultural inputs. In M. H. Bond (Ed.), The cross-cultural challenge to social psychology (pp. 218-239). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (1988) The Cross-cultural Challenge to Social Psychology , pp. 218-239
    • Leung, K.1
  • 63
    • 12044258070 scopus 로고
    • Culture and self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation
    • Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
    • (1991) Psychological Review , vol.98 , pp. 224-253
    • Markus, H.R.1    Kitayama, S.2
  • 65
    • 84958876060 scopus 로고
    • The dynamic self-concept: A social psychological perspective
    • Markus, H., & Wurf, E. (1987). The dynamic self-concept: A social psychological perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 38, 299-337.
    • (1987) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 299-337
    • Markus, H.1    Wurf, E.2
  • 67
    • 0002117909 scopus 로고
    • Content and process in the experience of self
    • L. Berkowitz (Ed.), New York: Academic Press
    • McGuire, W. J., & McGuire, C. V. (1988). Content and process in the experience of self. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 21, pp. 97-144). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1988) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 97-144
    • McGuire, W.J.1    McGuire, C.V.2
  • 68
    • 85056559025 scopus 로고
    • Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
    • Nagel, T. (1970). The possibility of altruism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • (1970) The Possibility of Altruism
    • Nagel, T.1
  • 69
    • 84936527243 scopus 로고
    • Altruism: A review of recent theory and research
    • Piliavin, J. A., & Charng, H. W. (1990). Altruism: A review of recent theory and research. American Sociological Review, 16, 27-65.
    • (1990) American Sociological Review , vol.16 , pp. 27-65
    • Piliavin, J.A.1    Charng, H.W.2
  • 72
    • 84971722957 scopus 로고
    • Genetic similarity, human altruism, and group selection
    • Rushton, J. P. (1989). Genetic similarity, human altruism, and group selection. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 12, 503-559.
    • (1989) Behavioral and Brain Sciences , vol.12 , pp. 503-559
    • Rushton, J.P.1
  • 73
    • 0021735264 scopus 로고
    • Genetic similarity theory: Beyond kin selection altruism
    • Rushton, J. P., Russell, R. J. H., & Wells, P. A. (1984). Genetic similarity theory: Beyond kin selection altruism. Behavioral Genetics, 14, 179-193.
    • (1984) Behavioral Genetics , vol.14 , pp. 179-193
    • Rushton, J.P.1    Russell, R.J.H.2    Wells, P.A.3
  • 74
    • 38249028862 scopus 로고
    • The economics of empathic helping: Support for a mood management motive
    • Schaller, M., & Cialdini, R.B. (1988). The economics of empathic helping: Support for a mood management motive. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 24, 163-181.
    • (1988) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 163-181
    • Schaller, M.1    Cialdini, R.B.2
  • 79
    • 0030306492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An in-group becomes part of the self: Response time evidence
    • Smith, E. R., & Henry, S. (1996). An in-group becomes part of the self: Response time evidence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 635-642.
    • (1996) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.22 , pp. 635-642
    • Smith, E.R.1    Henry, S.2
  • 81
    • 0348078979 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for altruism: The lady is still waiting
    • Sorrentino, R. M. (1991). Evidence for altruism: The lady is still waiting. Psychological Inquiry, 2, 147-150.
    • (1991) Psychological Inquiry , vol.2 , pp. 147-150
    • Sorrentino, R.M.1
  • 83
    • 0001868677 scopus 로고
    • The social identity theory of intergroup behavior
    • S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Chicago: Nelson-Hall
    • Tajfel H., & Turner, J. C. (1985). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
    • (1985) Psychology of Intergroup Relations , pp. 7-24
    • Tajfel, H.1    Turner, J.C.2
  • 84
    • 85047683061 scopus 로고
    • More evidence that empathy is a source of altruistic motivation
    • Toi, M., & Batson, C. D. (1982). More evidence that empathy is a source of altruistic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 281-292.
    • (1982) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.43 , pp. 281-292
    • Toi, M.1    Batson, C.D.2
  • 85
    • 0040506181 scopus 로고
    • The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts
    • Triandis, H. C. (1989). The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 506-520.
    • (1989) Psychological Bulletin , vol.96 , pp. 506-520
    • Triandis, H.C.1
  • 86
    • 0346128604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The psychological measurement of cultural syndromes
    • Triandis, H. C. (1996). The psychological measurement of cultural syndromes. American Psychologist, 51, 407-415.
    • (1996) American Psychologist , vol.51 , pp. 407-415
    • Triandis, H.C.1
  • 88
    • 0002940250 scopus 로고
    • Kin recognition in humans
    • D. J. C. Fletcher & C. D. Michener (Eds.), New York: Wiley
    • Wells, P. A. (1987). Kin recognition in humans. In D. J. C. Fletcher & C. D. Michener (Eds.), Kin recognition in animals (pp. 395-416). New York: Wiley.
    • (1987) Kin Recognition in Animals , pp. 395-416
    • Wells, P.A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.