Theorizing transnational corporations as social actors: An analysis of corporate motivations

Business and Politics

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2010, Pages

  Brown, Dana L ^a   Vetterlein, Antje ^b   Roemer Mahler, Anne ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b Department of International Economics and Management   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Corporate social responsibility; Corporate strategy; Global governance; Institutional theory; Sustainability; Transnational corporations

Indexed keywords

EID: 77952020528     PISSN: 13695258     EISSN: 14693569     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2202/1469-3569.1302     Document Type: Article

References (158)

1. Abbott, Kenneth and Duncan Snidal. 2006. "Who Governs Production Standards in the Global Economy?" Paper Presented to the Global Economic Governance Programme, Oxford University.
2. Adkins, Sue. 1999. Cause Related Marketing: Who Cares Wins, Heinemann Butterworth: London.
3. Aguilera, Ruth V. and Gregory Jackson. 2003. "The Cross-National Diversity of Corporate Governance: Dimensions and Determinants" Academy of Management Review 28:447-465. (Pubitemid 36881225)
4. Aguilera, Ruth V., Cynthia A. Williams, John M. Conley and Deborah E. Rupp. 2006. "Corporate Governance and Social responsibility: A Comparative Analysis of the UK and the US" Corporate Governance: An International Review 14:147-158. (Pubitemid 43678702)
5. Albert, Michael. 1993. Capitalism vs. Capitalism, New York: Four Walls Eight Windows.
6. Arena, Christine. 2007. The High Purpose Company, New York: Harper Collins.
7. Backhaus, Kristin B., Brett A. Stone and Karl Heiner. 2002. "Exploring the Relationship Between Corporate Social Performance and Employer Attractiveness" Business and Society 41 (3):292-318.
8. Balasubramanyam, V. N., M. Salisu and David Sapsford. 1999. "Foreign Direct Investment as an Engine of Growth" The Journal of International Trade and Economic Development 8 (1):27-40. (Pubitemid 29312146)
9. Bardesi, Hisham Jamil, Stephen Davies, and Terutomo Ozawa. 1997. "Inward Foreign Direct Investment, Industrial Development and Trade: The Case of the Saudi Petrochemical Industry" The Journal of Energy and Development 22 (1):93-106.
10. Barnett, Michael and Martha Finnemore. 2004. Rules for the World: International Organizations in Global Politics, Ithaca, London: Cornell University Press.
11. Baron, David. 2001. "Private Politics, Corporate Social Responsibility and Integrated Strategy" Journal of Economics and Management Strategy 10:7-45. (Pubitemid 33574140)
12. Baxter, Grahame. 2006. "Why We Don't Do CSR but We Do Try to Do Responsible Business" Presentation given in the framework of the Oxford Achilles Working Group, Saïd Business School, Oxford University.
13. Beltratti, Andrea. 2005. "The Complementarity between Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility" The Geneva Papers 30:373-386. (Pubitemid 41196200)
14. Berger, Ida E., Peggy H. Cunnigham and Minnette E. Drumwright. 2007. "Mainstreaming Corporate Social Responsibility: Developing Markets for Virtue" California Management Review 49 (4):132-157.
15. Berlan, Amanda. 2005. Education and Child Labor among Cocoa Farmers in Ghana: The Anthropological Case for a Re-evaluation. Dissertation submitted to the University of Oxford, June 2005.
16. Berle, Adolph A. and Gardiner Coit Means. 1932. The Modern Corporation and Private Property, New York: Macmillan.
17. Bhandari, Bishnu B. and Osamu Abe. 2001. "Corporate Citizenship and Environmental Education" International Review for Environmental Strategies (IRES) 2 (1):61-77.
18. Boerzel, Tanja and Thomas Risse. 2005. "Public-Private Partnerships: Effective and Legitimate Tools of Transnational Governance" In: Edgar Grande and Louis W. Pauly (eds.). Complex Sovereignty: Reconstituting Political Authority in the Twenty-first Century, Toronto: University of Toronto Press: 195-216.
19. Boli, John and George M. Thomas. 1999. "INGOs and the Organization of World Culture" In: John Boli and George M. Thomas (eds.). Constructing World Culture: International Nongovernmental Organizations since 1875, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press: 13-49.
20. Bondy, Krista, Dirk Matten and Jeremy Moon. 2004. "The Adoption of Voluntary Codes of Conduct in MNCs: A Three-Country Comparative Study" Business and Society Review 109 (4):449-477.
21. Bone, Andrew. 2004. "Conflict Diamonds: The de Beers Group and the Kimberley Process" In: Alyson J. K. Bailes and Isabel Frommelt (eds.). Business and Security: Public-Private Sector Relationships in a New Security Environment, Oxford: Oxford University Press: 129-147.
22. Branco, Manuel Castelo and Lucia Lima Rodrigues. 2006. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Resource Based Perspectives" Journal of Business Ethics 69 (2):111-132. (Pubitemid 44728392)
23. Brown, Dana L. and Richard M. Locke. 2008. "Standards versus Sovereignty: Labor Regulation in the Era of Globalization" Working Paper.
24. Brown, Judy and Michael Fraser. 2006. "Approaches and Perspectives in Social and Environmental Accounting: An Overview of the Conceptual Landscape" Business Strategy and the Environment 15:103-117.
25. Brune, Nancy and Geoffrey Garrett. 2005. "The Globalization Rorschach Test: International Economic Integration, Inequality and the Role of Government" Annual Review of Political Science 8:399-423. (Pubitemid 40977459)
26. Buckley, Peter J. 1996. "Cooperative Forms of Transnational Corporation Activity, " In UNCTADs Transnational Corporations and World Development, United Nations, New York: International Thomson Business Press.
27. Busemeyer, Marius R. 2009. "From Myth to Reality: Globalization and Public Spending in OECD Countries Revisited" Paper presented at IMPALLA-ESPAnet Conference The European Social Model in a Global Perspective, Luxembourg.
28. Campbell, John L. 2007. "Why Would Corporations Behave in Socially Responsible Ways? An Institutional Theory of Corporate Social Responsibility" Academy of Management Review 32 (3):946-967.
29. Carlsnaes, Walter. 1992. "The Agency-Structure Problem in Foreign Policy Analysis" International Studies Quarterly 36 (3):245-270.
30. Chandler, Alfred D. and Bruce Mazlish. 2005. Leviathans -; Multinational Corporations and the New Global History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
31. Chang, Ha Joon. 1998. "Globalisation, Transnational Corporations, and Economic Development: Can the Developing Countries Pursue Strategic Industrial Policy in a Global World Economy?" In: D. Baker, G. Epstein and R. Pollin (eds.). Globalization and Progressive Economic Policy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
32. Chang, Ha Joon. 2003. Globalization, Economic Development and the Role of the State, London: Zed Books.
33. Collier, Jane. 2004. "Responsible Shareholding and Investor Engagement in the U. K." In: G. G. Brenkert (ed.). Corporate Integrity and Accountability, London: Sage: 238-252.
34. Collier, J. and Esteban, Rafael. 2007. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee Commitment" Business Ethics: A European Review 16 (1):19-33.
35. Collins, James C. and Jerry I. Porras. 1996. "Building Your Company's Vision" Harvard Business Review, September/October: 65-77.
36. Crouch, Colin. 2006. "Modelling the Firm in Its Market and Organizational Environment: Methodologies for Studying Corporate Social Responsibility" Organization Studies 27 (10):1533-1551. (Pubitemid 44564387)
37. Cyert, Richard M., and James G March. 1963. A Behavioral Theory of the Firm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
38. Davis, Gerald F., Marina von Neumann Whitman and Mayer N. Zald. 2006. "The Responsibility Paradox: Multinational Firms and Global Corporate Social Responsibility" Ross School of Business Paper 1031 (available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=899112).
39. Davis, Gloria. 2004. A History of the Social Development Network in the World Bank, 1973-2002, SDV Paper 56, Washington, DC: World Bank.
40. Dessler, David. 1989. "What's at Stake in the Agent-Structure Debate?" International Organization 43 (3):441-413.
41. Drumwright, Minette E. 1994. "Socially Responsible Organizational Buying: Environmental Concern as a Noneconomic Buying Criterion" Journal of Marketing 58 (3):1-19.
42. Dunning, John D. 1993. Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy, Reading: Addison-Wesley.
43. Falkner, Robert. 2003. "Private Environmental Governance and International Relations: Exploring the Links" Global Environmental Politics 3 (2):72-87.
44. Ferge, Zusza. 1999. "And What If the State Fades Away? The Civilizing Process and the State" In: Stefan Svallors and Peter Taylor-Gooby (eds.). The End of the Welfare State? Responses to State Retrenchment, London and New York: Routledge.
45. Finnemore, Martha and Kathryn Sikkink. 1998. "International Norm Dynamics and Political Change" International Organization 52 (4):887-917.
46. Fox, Jonathan A. 1998. "When Does Reform Policy Influence Practice? Lessons From the Bankwide Resettlement Review" In: Jonathan A. Fox and L. David Brown (eds.). The Struggle for Accountability. The World Bank, NGOs and Grassroots Movements, Cambridge, MA and London: MIT Press: 303-344.
47. Fraser, Derek. 1984. The Evolution of the British Welfare State: A History since the Industrial Revolution, London: Macmillan.
48. Freeman, R. Edward. 1984. Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach, Boston, MA: Pitman.
49. Friedman, Milton. 1962. Capitalism and Freedom, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
50. Friedman, Milton. 1970. "The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Profit" New York Times Magazine, September 13:32-33, 122, 124, 126.
51. Friedman, Thomas L. 1999. The Lexus and the Olive Tree, New York: Strauss and Giroux.
52. Garret, Geoffrey. 1998. "Global Markets and National Politics: Collision Course or Virtuous Circle?" International Organization 52 (4):787-824.
53. Genschel, Philipp. 2002. "Globalization, Tax Competition, and the Welfare State" Politics and Society 30 (2):245-75. (Pubitemid 36688660)
54. Gereffi, Gary. 1994. "The Organization of Buyer-driven Commodity Chains: How US Retailers Shape Overseas Production Networks." In: Gary Gereffi and M. Korzeniewicz (eds.). Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism, New York: Praeger: 95-122.
55. Gereffi, Gary. 1996. "Global Commodity Chains: New Forms of Coordination and Control among Nations and Firms in International Industries" Competition and Change 4:427-439.
56. Gereffi, Gary, Ronie Garcia-Johnson and Erika Sasser 2001. "The NGO-Industrial Complex" Foreign Policy (July/August): 56-65.
57. Giddens, Anthony. 1979. Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure, and Contradiction in Social Analysis, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
58. Giddens, Anthony. 1984. The Constitution of Society. Outline of the Theory of Structuration, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
59. Gilpin, Robert. 1987. The Political Economy of International Relations, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
60. Graafland Johan J. and Ber van de Ven. 2006. "Strategic and Moral Motivation for Corporate Social Responsibility" Journal of Corporate Citizenship 22:111-123.
61. Gulbrandsen, Lars. 2004. "Overlapping Public and Private Governance: Can Forest Certification Fill the Gaps in the Global Forest Regime?" Global Environmental Politics 4 (2):75-99.
62. Hall, Rodney and Thomas J. Biersteker (eds.). 2002. The Emergence of Private Authority in Global Governance. Cambridge Studies in International Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
63. Haslam, Paul Alexander. 2007. "Is Corporate Social Responsibility a Constructivist Regime? Evidence from Latin America" Global Society 21 (2):269-296.
64. Hauffler, Virginia. 2003. "Globalization and Industry Self-Regulation" In: Miles Kahler and David A. Lake (eds.). Governance in a Global Economy, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press: 226-252.
65. Held, David and Mathias Koenig-Archibugi (eds.). 2003. Taming Globalization: Frontiers of Governance, Cambridge: Polity Press.
66. Hemingway, Christine. A. and Patrick W. Maclagan. 2004. "Managers Personal Values as Drivers of Corporate Social Responsibility" Journal of Business Ethics 50 (1):33-44. (Pubitemid 39063740)
67. Henderson, Rebecca, Richard M. Locke, Christopher Lyddy and Cate Reavis. 2009. "Nike Considered: Getting Traction on Sustainability" MIT Sloan Management Case 08-077.
68. Hertel, S., L. Scruggs and C. P. Heidkamp. 2007. "Ethical Consumption: Who Cares, Who Shops, and Why?" Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the ISA, Chicago, IL, February 28 -; March 3, 2007.
69. Jahn, Detlef. 2006. "Globalization as 'Galton's Problem': The Missing Link in the Analysis of Diffusion Patterns in Welfare State Development" International Organization 60 (2):401-431. (Pubitemid 43657925)
70. Jensen, Michael. 2002. "Value Maximization, Stakeholder Theory, and the Corporate Objective Function" Business Ethics Quarterly 12:235-256.
71. Johns, Rebecca and Leyla Vural. 2000. "Class, Geography, and the Consumerist Turn: UNITE and the Stop Sweatshops Campaign" Environment and Planning A 32 (7):1193-1213. (Pubitemid 30464398)
72. Kaufman, Robert R., Alex Segura-Ubiergo, Joan Nelson and Colin Bradford. 2002. "Globalization, Domestic Politics and Social Spending in Latin America" Latin American Program, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Working Paper 257.
73. Khanna, T., K. G. Palepu and J. Sinha. 2005. "Strategies that Fit Emerging Markets" Harvard Business Review 75 (4):41-48. (Pubitemid 40777954)
74. Klein, Michael, Markus Leibrecht and Ozlem Onaran. 2009. "Globalization and the Structure of Public Spending in the Western and Eastern EU Member States" University of Vienna Discussion Paper Nr. 30, http://epub.wuwien. ac.at.
75. Koenig-Archibugi, Mathias. 2004. "Transnational Corporations and Public Accountability" Government and Opposition 39 (2):234-259. (Pubitemid 38483918)
76. KPMG. 2008. KPMG International Survey of Corporate Responsibility Reporting. Available at: https://www.kpmg.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/ International-corporateresponsibility-survey-2008pdf
77. Leader, Sheldon. 1995. "Private Property and Corporate Governance" In: F. Patfield (ed.) New Perspectives in Company Law, London: Graham and Trotman: 85-113.
78. Leader, Sheldon. 1999. "Participation and Property Rights" Journal of Business Ethics 21:97-109.
79. Leader, Sheldon. 2001. "The Reach of Democracy and Global Enterprise" Constellations 8 (4):538-553.
80. Lee, Min-Dong Paul. 2008. "A Review of the Theories of Corporate Social Responsibility: Its Evolutionary Path and the Road Ahead" International Journal of Management Reviews 10 (1):53-73.
81. Letnes, Bjorn. 2004. "Transnational Corporations and Human Rights: Silencing the Ontological Controversy" Public Organization Review 4:259-277.
82. Levy, David and Peter Newell (eds.). 2005. The Business of Global Environmental Governance, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
83. Lim, Suk-Jun. and Joe Phillips. 2008. "Embedding CSR Values: The Global Footwear Industry's Evolving Governance Structure" Journal of Business Ethics 81:143-156.
84. Lindblom, Charles E. 1977. Politics and Market: The World's Political Economic Systems, New York: Basic Books.
85. Locke, Richard M., Fei Qin and Alberto Brausse. 2006. "Does Monitoring Improve Labor Standards?: Lessons From Nike" MIT Sloan Research Paper No. 4612-06.
86. Maignan, Isabelle and David A. Ralston. 2002. "Corporate Social Responsibility in Europe and the U. S.: Insights from Businesses' Self-presentations" Journal of International Business Studies 33 (3):497-514.
87. Mares, Isabela. 2003. The Politics of Social Risk -; Business and Welfare State Development, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
88. Margolis, Joshua D. and James P. Walsh. 2003. "Misery Loves Companies: Rethinking Social Initiatives by Business" Administrative Science Quarterly 48 (2):268-305.
89. Marquis, Christopher, Mary Ann Glynn and Gerald. F. Davis. 2007. "Community Isomorphism and Corporate Social Action" Academy of Management Review 32 (3):925-945.
90. Mathis, Arne. 2005. "Corporate Social Responsibility -; Motives, Drivers and Consequences for Politics" Paper presented at the conference Global Governance and the Power of Business. Wittenberg, Germany.
91. Matten, Dirk and Jeremy Moon. 2004. "Corporate Social Responsibility Education in Europe" Journal of Business Ethics 54:323-337. (Pubitemid 40111481)
92. Mattli Walter. 2001. "The Politics and Economics of International Institutional Standards Setting: An Introduction" Journal of European Public Policy 8 (3):328-34
93. Mattli, Walter. 2003. "Public and Private Governance in Setting International Standards" In: Miles Kahler and David A. Lake (eds.). Governance in a Global Economy: Political Authority in Transition, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press: 197-229.
94. May, Christopher (eds.). 2006. Global Corporate Power, London and Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
95. Mayntz, Renate and Fritz W. Scharpf (eds.). 1995. Gesellschaftliche Selbstregelung und Politische Steuerung, Frankfurt/M.: Campus.
96. McKenzie, Richard B. and Dwight R. Lee. 1991. Quicksilver Capital, New York: Free Press.
97. McKinsey. 2006. "The McKinsey Global Survey of Business Executives: Business and Society" McKinsey Quarterly, January.
98. McKinsey. 2008. "The State of Corporate Philanthropy: A McKinsey Global Survey" McKinsey Quarterly, February.
99. McWilliams, Abigail and Donald Siegel. 2001. "Corporate Social Responsibility: A Theory of the Firm Perspective" Academy of Management Review 26 (1):117-227. (Pubitemid 33221331)
100. Menon, Ajay and Anil Menon. 1997. "Enviropreneurial Marketing Strategy: The Emergence of Corporate Environmentalism as Market Strategy" Journal of Marketing 61:51-67. (Pubitemid 127019924)
101. Meyer, William H. 1998. Human Rights and International Political Economy in Third World Nations: Multinational Corporations, Foreign Aid and Repression, Westport: Praeger.
102. O'Rourke, Dara. 2003. "Outsourcing Regulation: Analyzing Nongovernmental Systems of Labor Standards and Monitoring" The Policy Studies Journal 31 (1):1-29. (Pubitemid 37332504)
103. OECD. 2000. OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, Paris: OECD.
104. Ohmae, Kenichi. 1995. The End of the Nation State: How Regional Economics Will Soon Reshape the World, New York: Simon and Schuster.
105. Orlitzky, Marc, Frank L. Schmidt and Sara L. Rynes. 2003. "Corporate Social and Financial Performance: A Meta-Analysis" Organization Studies 24 (3):403-441. (Pubitemid 36937857)
106. Park, Susan. 2005. "How Transnational Environmental Advocacy Networks Socialize International Financial Institutions: A Case Study of the International Finance Corporation" Global Environmental Politics 5 (4):95-119.
107. Pauly, Louis W. and Simon Reich. 1997. "National Structures and Multinational Corporate Behavior: Enduring Differences in the Age of Globalization" International Organization 51 (1):1-30. (Pubitemid 127050145)
108. Phillips, Robert. 2003. Stakeholder Theory and Organizational Ethics, San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler.
109. Polanyi, Karl. 2002/1944. The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time, Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
110. Porter, Michael E. and Mark R. Kramer. 2002. "The Competitive Advantage of Corporate Philanthropy" Harvard Business Review on Corporate Social Responsibility, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School: 27-64.
111. Prahalad, C. K. and Allan Hammond. 2003. "Serving the World's Poor, Profitably" Harvard Business Review in Corporate Social Responsibility, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press: 1-26. (Pubitemid 41563896)
112. Rehbein, Kathleen A. and Douglas A. Schuler. 1999. "Testing the Firm as a Filter of Corporate Political Action" Business and Society 38 (2):144-166.
113. Reich, Robert. 2007. Supercapitalism: The Transformation of Business, Democracy and Everyday Life, New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
114. Ritter, Gerhard A. 1998. Soziale Frage und Sozialpolitik in Deutschland seit Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts, Opladen: Leske and Budrich.
115. Rodrik, Dani. 1998. "Why Do More Open Economies Have Bigger Governments?" Journal of Political Economy 106 (5):997-1032. (Pubitemid 29099366)
116. Rowley, Tim and Shawn Berman. 2000. "A Brand New Brand of Corporate Social Performance" Business and Society 39 (4):397-418.
117. Rueschemeyer, Dietrich, Evelyn Huber Stephens and John D. Stephens. 1992. Capitalist Development and Democracy, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
118. Ruggie, John. 1982. "International Regimes, Transactions, and Change: Embedded Liberalism in the Postwar Economic Order" International Organization 36 (2):379-415.
119. Ruggie, John. 2003. "Taking Embedded Liberalism Global: The Corporate Connection" In: D. Held and M. Koenig-Archibugi (eds.). Taming Globalization: Frontiers of Governance, Cambridge: Polity Press.
120. Ruggie, John. 2004. "Reconstituting the Global Public Domain -; Issues, Actors, and Practices" European Journal of International Relations 10 (4):499-531. (Pubitemid 40019762)
121. th April 2008.
122. Sanders, Pieter. 1982. "Implementing International Codes of Conduct for Multinational Enterprises" The American Journal of Comparative Law 30 (2):241-254.
123. Scharpf, Fritz W. and Vivien A. Schmidt (eds.). 2000. Welfare and Work in the Open Economy: From Vulnerability to Competitiveness, Volume I. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
124. Scheinberg, Marc. 1999. "Political and Institutional Conditions for Governance by Association: Private Order and Price Controls in American Fire Insurance" Politics and Society 27 (1):67-103.
125. Scherer, Andreas and Guido Palazzo. 2008. "Globalization and Corporate Social Responsibility." In: Andrew Crane, Abagail McWilliams, Dirk Matten and Jeremy Moon (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of CSR, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
126. Sell, Susan K. and Aseem Prakash. 2004. "Using Ideas Strategically: Examining the Contest between Business and NGO Networks in Intellectual Property Rights" International Studies Quarterly 48 (1):143-175. (Pubitemid 38345739)
127. Shamir, Boas 1991. "The Charismatic Relationship: Alternative Explanations and Predictions" Leadership Quarterly 2:81-104.
128. Shamir, Boas, Robert J. House and Michael B. Arthur. 1993. "The Motivational Effects of Charismatic Leaders: A Self-Concept Based Theory" Organizational Science 4 (4):577-594. (Pubitemid 24760188)
129. Sikkink, Kathryn and Jackie Smith. 2002. "Infrastructure for Change: Transnational Organizations, 1953-93" In: Sanjeev Khagram, James V. Riker and Kathryn Sikkink (eds.). Restructuring World Politics: Transnational Social Movements, Networks, and Norms, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
130. Sinclair, Darren. 1997. "Self-Regulation versus Command and Control? Beyond False Dichotomies" Law &Policy 19 (4):529-559. (Pubitemid 128103885)
131. Soros, George. 1997. "The Crisis of Capitalism" Atlantic Monthly, February: 45-58.
132. Sparkes, Russell and Christopher J. Cowton. 2004. "The Maturing of Socially Responsible Investment: A Review of the Developing Link with Corporate Social Responsibility" Journal of Business Ethics 52 (1):45-57. (Pubitemid 39064206)
133. Standing, Guy. 2002. "The Babble of Euphemisms: Re-embedding Social Protection in "Transformed" Labor Markets" In: Al Rainnie, Adrian Smith and Adam Swain (eds.). Work, Employment and Transition, London: Routledge.
134. Strange, Susan. 1994. "Rethinking Structural Change in the International Political Economy: States, Firms and Diplomacy." In: Richard Stubbs and Geoffrey Underhill (eds.). Political Economy and Changing Global Order. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
135. Strange, Susan. 1996. The Retreat of the State, New York: Cambridge University Press.
136. Swank, Duane and Sven Steinmo. 2002. "The New Political Economy of Taxation in Advanced Capitalist Democracies" American Journal of Political Science 46 (3):477-89.
137. The Economist. 2008. "Just Good Business" 17 January.
138. t'Hoen, Ellen. 2003. "TRIPS, Pharmaceutical Patents and Access to Essential Medicines: Seattle, Doha and Beyond" Chicago Journal of International Law 3:27-48.
139. Trevino Linda, Laura Hartman and Michael Brown. 2000. "Moral Person and Moral Managers" California Management Review 42 (4):128-142
140. Trevino, Linda, K., Gary R. Weaver, Donald Gibson and Barbara Toffler. 1999. "Managing Ethics and Legal Compliance: What Works and What Hurts" California Management Review 41 (2):131-151.
141. UNCTAD. 1995. World Investment Report -; Transnational Corporations and Competitiveness, New York and Geneva: United Nations.
142. UNCTAD FDI Statistics (annually). Available at: http://www.unctad.org/ Templates/StartPage.asp?intItemID=2921&lang=1.
143. United Nations. 2000. Guide to the Global Compact: A Practical Understanding of the Vision and Nine Principles, New York: United Nations.
144. Utting, Peter. 2005. "Rethinking Business Regulation: From Self-Regulation to Social Control" UNRISD Programme Paper TBS-15, October 2005.
145. Vetterlein, Antje. 2007. "Economic Growth, Poverty Reduction and the Role of Social Policies: The Evolution of the World Bank's Social Development Approach" Global Governance 13:513-533.
146. Vogel, David. 2005. The Market for Virtue -; The Potential and Limits of Corporate Social Responsibility, Washington, DC: Brookings.
147. Vogel, David. 2006. "The Role of Civil Regulation in Global Economic Governance", Global Economic Governance Programme, Oxford: University College, University of Oxford.
148. Waldman, David A., Donald Siegel and Mansour Javidan. 2006. "Components of Transformational Leadership and Corporate Social Responsibility" Journal of Management Studies 43:1703-1725. (Pubitemid 44893189)
149. Ward, Halina and Tom Fox. 2002. Moving the Corporate Citizenship Agenda to the South, London: International Institute for the Environment and Development.
150. Weber, Max. 1973. Gesammelte Aufsaetze zur Wissenschaftslehre, Tuebingen: J. C. B. Mohr.
151. Welford, Ricard. 2004. "Corporate Social Responsibility in Europe and Asia" Journal of Corporate Citizenship 13:31-47.
152. Wendt, Alex E. 1987. "The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations Theory" International Organization 41 (3):236-370.
153. Wendt, Alexander E. 1991. "Bridging the Theory/Meta-theory Gap in International Relations" Review of International Studies 17 (4):383-392.
154. Wendt, Alexander E. 1999. Social Theory of International Politics, New York: Cambridge University Press.
155. Wilkins, Mira. 1998. "Multinational Corporations: An Historical Account." In: Richard Kozul-Wright and Robert Rowthorn (eds.) Transnational Corporations and the Global Economy, New York: Palgrave.
156. Wilkins, Mira. 2005. "Multinational Enterprise to 1930: Discontinuities and Continuities." In: Alfred D. Chandler and Bruce Mazlish (eds.) Leviathans -; Multinational Corporations and the New Global History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
157. World Economic Forum. 2006. Partnering for Success: Business Perspectives on Multistakeholder Partnership, Executive Summary, WEF Global Corporate Citizenship Initiative, January 2006.
158. Zadek, Simon. 2004. "The Path to Corporate Responsibility." Harvard Business Review, December. (Pubitemid 39636843)