Multinational enterprise to 1930: Discontinuities and continuities

Leviathans: Multinational Corporations and the New Global History

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 45-80

  Wilkins, Mira ^a  

^a FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84926976560     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511512025.003     Document Type: Chapter

References (92)

1. Karl Moore and David Lewis, Birth of the Multinational: 2000 Years of Ancient Business History - From Ashur to Augustus (Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press, 1999), 27
2. Jack A. Goldstone, “Review Essays: Whose Measure of Reality?” American Historical Review 105 (April 2000): 503-5
3. Karl Moore and David Lewis, Foundations of Corporate Empire (London: Prentice-Hall, 2000), 120-134.
4. Rondo Cameron, “Introduction,” in International Banking, 1870-1914, ed. Rondo Cameron and V. I. Bovykin (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 3
5. Charles Wilson, “The Multinational in Historical Perspective,” in Strategy and Structure of Big Business: Proceedings of the First Fuji Conference, ed. Keiichiro Nakagawa (Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, n.d.), 265-66
6. Mira Wilkins, “Modern European Economic History and the Multinationals,” The Journal of European Economic History 6 (Winter 1977): 5
7. Charles P. Kindleberger, Multinational Excursions (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1984), 155-56.
8. W. H. McNeill, The Rise of the West (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963), 619
9. Ann M. Carlos and Stephen Nicholas in “Giants of an Earlier Capitalism: The Chartered Trading Companies as Modern Multinationals,” Business History Review 62 (Autumn 1988): 398-471
10. Mira Wilkins, The History of Foreign Investment in the United States to 1914 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989), 3-13
11. Mira Wilkins, The Emergence of Multinational Enterprise: American Business Abroad from the Colonial Era to 1914 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1970), 3-5.
12. John Dunning, Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy (Workingham, UK: Addison-Wesley, 1993), 98
13. Charles A. Jones, International Business in the Nineteenth Century (Brighton, England: Wheatsheaf Books, 1987), 27-28.
14. Geoffrey Jones, “Origins, Management, and Performance,” in British Multinationals: Origins, Management and Performance, ed. Geoffrey Jones (Aldershot, England: Gower Publishing, 1986), 7
15. Robert Reich, “Who Is Us?” Harvard Business Review 68 (Jan.-Feb. 1990): 53-64
16. Laura Tyson, “They Are Not Us: Why American Ownership Still Matters,” The American Prospect (Winter 1991): 37-47
17. Mark Mason and Dennis Encarnation, eds., Does Ownership Matter? Japanese Multinationals in Europe (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994)
18. Richard Robinson, Business History of the World: A Chronology (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993), 72
19. Geoffrey Jones, in Merchants to Multinationals (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000)
20. Mira Wilkins, “Multinational Enterprises and Economic Change,” Australian Economic History Review 38 (July 1998): 103.
21. Mira Wilkins and Frank Ernest Hill, American Business Abroad: Ford on Six Continents (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1964)
22. John H. Dunning, American Investment in British Manufacturing Industry (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1958)
23. Alfred Chandler, Strategy and Structure (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1962)
24. Alfred Chandler, The Visible Hand (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1977)
25. Oliver E. Williamson, “The Modern Corporation: Origins, Evolution, Attributes,” Journal of Economic Literature XIX (December 1981): 1537-68
26. John Stopford in “The Origins of British-Based Multinational Manufacturing Enterprises,” Business History Review 48 (Autumn 1974): 303-35.
27. Larry Franko, “The Origins of Multinational Manufacturing by Continental European Firms,” Business History Review 48 (Autumn 1974): 277-302
28. Geoffrey Jones and Harm Schroter, eds., The Rise of Multinationals in Continental Europe (Aldershot, England: Edward Elgar, 1993)
29. Mira Wilkins, “Japanese Multinational Enterprise before 1914,” Business History Review 60 (Spring 1986): 199-231.
30. Alfred Chandler, Scale and Scope (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1990).
31. Mira Wilkins, “German Chemical Firms in the United States from the Late 19th Century to the Post-World War II Period,” in The German Chemical Industry in the Twentieth Century, ed. John E. Lesch (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000), 285-321.
32. Charles Jones, “The Origins of Modern Multi-National Corporations: British Firms in Latin America, 1850-1930,” in Foreign Investment in Latin America: Impact on Economic Development, ed. Carlos Marichal (Milan, Italy: Universit`a Bocconi, 1994), 27-37
33. Donald G. Paterson, “The Failure of British Business in Canada, 1890-1914,” in Proceedings of the Business History Conference, ed. Herman Krooss (Bloomington: School of Business, Indiana University, 1975)
34. Jean-Francois Hennart, “Transaction Costs and the Multinational Enterprise: The Case of Tin,” Business and Economic History 16 (1987): 147-59;
35. Geoffrey Jones, British Multinational Banking (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993).
36. Mira Wilkins, “The Free-Standing Company, 1870-1914: An Important Type of British Foreign Direct Investment,” Economic History Review 2d ser., 41 (May 1988): 259-82
37. Harm Schroter, eds., The Free-Standing Company in the World Economy, 1830-1996 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998)
38. William Woodruff, The Impact of Western Man (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1967), 243
39. Marc Linder, Projecting Capitalism: A History of the Internationalization of the Construction Industry (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1994), 66
40. Mira Wilkins, The History of Foreign Investment in the United States, 1914-1945 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004)
41. Jeffrey J. Safford, Wilsonian Maritime Diplomacy, 1913-1921 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1978), 231
42. Morton Keller, The Life Insurance Enterprise, 1885-1910 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1963).
43. Michael J. Twomey, “Patterns of Foreign Investment in Latin America in the Twentieth Century,” in Latin America in the World Economy since 1800, ed. John H. Coatsworth and Alan M. Taylor (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998), 171-72
44. Reinhard Liehr and Mariano E. Torres Bautista, “British Free-Standing Companies in Mexico, 1884-1911,” in The Free-Standing Company in the World Economy, 1830- 1996, ed. Wilkins and Schroter, 261-62
45. A. G. Kenwood and A. L. Lougheed, The Growth of the International Economy, 1820-1990 (London: Routledge, 1992), 13.
46. Herbert Feis, Europe: The World’s Banker, 1870-1914 (New York: W.W. Norton, 1930), 27
47. James Foreman-Peck, A History of the World Economy: International Economic Relations since 1850 (Totowa, NJ: Barnes & Noble, 1983), 69-70;
48. Wilfried Feldenkirchen, Werner von Siemens (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1994), 59
49. Hugh Barty-King, Girdle around the Earth (London: Heinemann, 1979).
50. James Foreman-Peck, “International Technology Transfer, 1876-1914,” in International Technology Transfer: Europe, Japan and USA, 1700-1914, ed. David Jeremy (Aldershot, England: Edward Elgar, 1991), 122-52.
51. Christopher Armstrong and H. V. Nelles, Southern Exposure: Canadian Promoters in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1896-1930 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1988), 174.
52. Mira Wilkins, The History of Foreign Investment in the United States, 1914-1945, 95-99.
53. Thomas O’Brien, The Century of U.S. Capitalism in Latin America (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1999), 53.
54. Hermann Van der Wee and Martine Goossens, “Belgium,” in International Banking, ed. Cameron and Bovykin, 125-27.
55. William J. Hausman and John L. Neufeld, “U.S. Foreign Direct Investment in Electric Utilities in the 1920s,” in The Free-Standing Company, ed. Wilkins and Schroter, 361-90
56. C. F. Remer, Foreign Investments in China (New York: Macmillan, 1933), 490.
57. Stanley Chapman, “British Free-Standing Companies and Investment Groups in India and the Far East,” in The Free-Standing Company, ed. Wilkins and Schroter, 207-210.
58. Mira Wilkins, “The Impact of Multinational Corporations,” South African Journal of Economic History 4 (March 1989): 11
59. Harm Schroter, “Continental European Free-Standing Companies: the Case of Belgium, Germany, and Switzerland,” in The Free-Standing Company, ed. Wilkins and Schroter, 337.
60. Daniel Yergin, The Prize (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991)
61. D. K. Fieldhouse, Merchant Capital and Economic Decolonization (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), 4-5
62. Richard Tilly, “International Aspects of the Development of German Banking,” in International Banking, ed. Cameron and Bovykin, 90-112.
63. R. C. Michie, The London and New York Stock Exchanges, 1850-1914 (London: Allen & Unwin, 1987).
64. Mira Wilkins, “Cosmopolitan Finance in the 1920s: New York’s Emergence as an International Financial Centre,” in The State, the Financial System, and Economic Modernization, ed. Richard Sylla, Richard Tilly, and Gabriel Tortella (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 271-91.
65. Paul H. Emden, Money Powers of Europe in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (London: S. Low, Marston, 1937).
66. B. V. Anan’ich and V. I. Bovykin, “Foreign Banks and Foreign Investment in Russia,” in International Banking, ed. Cameron and Bovykin, 267.
67. Harold van B. Cleveland and Thomas F. Huertas, Citibank, 1812-1970 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1985).
68. Mira Wilkins, “The Neglected Intangible Asset: The Influence of the Trade Mark on the Rise of the Modern Corporation,” Business History 36 (January 1992): 66-95.
69. Charles Wilson, The History of Unilever, vol. 2 (New York: Praeger, 1968), 259.
70. H.W. Singer, “The Distribution of Gains between Investing and Borrowing Countries,” American Economic Review 40 (May 1950): 473-85.
71. Edgar Graham, The Modern Plantation in the Third World (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1984), 33-36.
72. Charles R. Whittlesey, “Rubber,” Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, vol. xiii (1934), 454.
73. Steven C. Topik and Allen Wells, eds., The Second Conquest of Latin America: Coffee, Henequen, and Oil during the Export Boom, 1850-1930 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1998).
74. D. K. Fieldhouse, Unilever Overseas (London: Croom Helm, 1978), 498-522.
75. Mira Wilkins, “An Alternative Approach,” in The Second Conquest of Latin America, ed. Steven C. Topik and Allen Wells, 198-201.
76. Frank Southard, American Industry in Europe (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1931) xiii
77. Fred V. Carstensen, American Enterprise in Foreign Markets: Studies of Singer and International Harvester in Imperial Russia (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984);
78. Robert B. Davies, “‘Peacefully Working to Conquer the World’: The Singer Manufacturing Company in Foreign Markets,” Business History Review (1969): 292-325
79. Robert B. Davies, Peacefully Working to Conquer the World (New York: Arno Press, 1976)
80. Andrew C. Godley, “Pioneering Foreign Direct Investment in British Manufacturing,” Business History Review 73 (Autumn 1999): 394-429
81. Wilfried Feldenkirchen, “Die Anfange des Siemensgeschafts in Amerika,” in Wirtschaft Gesellschaft Unternehemen: Festschrift f¨ur Hans Pohl zum 60. Geburtstag, ed. Wilfried Feldenkirchen et al. (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1995), II, 876-900.
82. D. C. Coleman, Courtaulds, vol. 2 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969).
83. Harm G. Schroter, “Continuity and Change: German Multinationals since 1850,” in The Rise of Multinationals in Continental Europe, ed. Jones and Schroter, 28-48
84. Peter Hertner, “German Multinational Enterprise before 1914: Some Case Studies,” in Multinationals: Theory and History, ed. Peter Hertner and Geoffrey Jones (Aldershot, England: Gower, 1986), 113-34
85. Mira Wilkins, “French Multinationals in the United States: An Historical Perspective,” Entreprises et Histoire 3 (May 1993): 17-19.
86. Ragnhild Lundstrom, “Swedish Multinational Growth before 1930,” in Multinationals: Theory and History, ed. Hertner and Jones, 135-56
87. Mira Wilkins, “Swiss Investments in the United States, 1914-1945,” in La Suisse et les grandes puissances, 1914-1945, ed. Sebastien Guez (Geneva: Droz, 1999), 91-139
88. Jean Heer, World Events, 1866-1966: The First Hundred Years of Nestle (Lausanne, Switzerland: Imprimeries Reunies, 1966)
89. Geoffrey Jones, “Foreign Multinationals and British Industry before 1945,” Economic History Review XLI (1988): 429-53
90. Sherman Cochran, Big Business in China: Sino-Foreign Rivalry in the Cigarette Industry, 1890-1930 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980)
91. Howard Cox, The Global Cigarette: Origins and Evolution of British American Tobacco, 1880-1945 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000)
92. Hakan Lindgren, Corporate Growth: The Swedish Match Industry in its Global Setting (Stockholm: LiberF¨orlag, 1979), 110