Failure to find an association between myosin heavy chain 9, non-muscle (MYH9) and schizophrenia: A three-stage case-control association study

Schizophrenia Research

Volumn 118, Issue 1-3, 2010, Pages 106-112

  Amagane, Hideki ^a   Watanabe, Yuichiro ^a,b   Kaneko, Naoshi ^a   Nunokawa, Ayako ^a   Muratake, Tatsuyuki ^c   Ishiguro, Hiroki ^d   Arinami, Tadao ^d   Ujike, Hiroshi ^e   Inada, Toshiya ^f   Iwata, Nakao ^g   Kunugi, Hiroshi ^h   Sasaki, Tsukasa ⁱ   Hashimoto, Ryota ^j   Itokawa, Masanari ^k   Ozaki, Norio ^l   Someya, Toshiyuki ^a  

^a NIIGATA UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICAL AND DENTAL SCIENCES   (Japan)

^b NIIGATA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c Furumachi Mental Clinic   (Japan)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TSUKUBA   (Japan)

^e OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^f SEIWA HOSPITAL   (Japan)

^g FUJITA HEALTH UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

^h NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROSCIENCE   (Japan)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^j OSAKA UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

^k TOKYO METROPOLITAN INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCE   (Japan)

^l NAGOYA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

more..

Author keywords

Case control study; Chromosome 22; Japanese; MYH9; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN; MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN 9 NON MUSCLE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CHROMOSOME 22Q; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GENE FREQUENCY; GENE MAPPING; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; HAPLOTYPE; HUMAN; JAPANESE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MICROSATELLITE MARKER; POPULATION BASED CASE CONTROL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM;

ADULT; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, PAIR 21; FEMALE; GENE FREQUENCY; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY; GENOTYPE; HUMANS; JAPAN; MALE; MICROSATELLITE REPEATS; MIDDLE AGED; MOLECULAR MOTOR PROTEINS; MYOSIN HEAVY CHAINS; POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

EID: 77951978626     PISSN: 09209964     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.01.023     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Arinami T. Analyses of the associations between the genes of 22q11 deletion syndrome and schizophrenia. J. Hum. Genet. 2006, 51(12):1037-1045.
2. Badner J.A., Gershon E.S. Meta-analysis of whole-genome linkage scans of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Mol. Psychiatry 2002, 7(4):405-411.
3. Barrett J.C., Fry B., Maller J., Daly M.J. Haploview: analysis and visualization of LD and haplotype maps. Bioinformatics 2005, 21(2):263-265.
4. Blouin J.L., Dombroski B.A., Nath S.K., Lasseter V.K., Wolyniec P.S., Nestadt G., Thornquist M., Ullrich G., McGrath J., Kasch L., Lamacz M., Thomas M.G., Gehrig C., Radhakrishna U., Snyder S.E., Balk K.G., Neufeld K., Swartz K.L., DeMarchi N., Papadimitriou G.N., Dikeos D.G., Stefanis C.N., Chakravarti A., Childs B., Housman D.E., Kazazian H.H., Antonarakis S., Pulver A.E. Schizophrenia susceptibility loci on chromosomes 13q32 and 8p21. Nat. Genet. 1998, 20(1):70-73.
5. de Bakker P.I., Yelensky R., Pe'er I., Gabriel S.B., Daly M.J., Altshuler D. Efficiency and power in genetic association studies. Nat. Genet. 2005, 37(1):1217-1223.
6. DeLisi L.E., Shaw S.H., Crow T.J., Shields G., Smith A.B., Larach V.W., Wellman N., Loftus J., Nanthakumar B., Razi K., Stewart J., Comazzi M., Vita A., Heffner T., Sherrington R. A genome-wide scan for linkage to chromosomal regions in 382 sibling pairs with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry 2002, 159(5):803-812.
7. Faraone S.V., Hwu H.G., Liu C.M., Chen W.J., Tsuang M.M., Liu S.K., Shieh M.H., Hwang T.J., Ou-Yang W.C., Chen C.Y., Chen C.C., Lin J.J., Chou F.H., Chueh C.M., Liu W.M., Hall M.H., Su J., Van Eerdewegh P., Tsuang M.T. Genome scan of Han Chinese schizophrenia families from Taiwan: confirmation of linkage to 10q22.3. Am. J. Psychiatry 2006, 163(10):1760-1766.
8. Gabriel S.B., Schaffner S.F., Nguyen H., Moore J.M., Roy J., Blumenstiel B., Higgins J., DeFelice M., Lochner A., Faggart M., Liu-Cordero S.N., Rotimi C., Adeyemo A., Cooper R., Ward R., Lander E.S., Daly M.J., Altshuler D. The structure of haplotype blocks in the human genome. Science 2002, 296(5576):2225-2229.
9. Glantz L.A., Lewis D.A. Decreased dendritic spine density on prefrontal cortical pyramidal neurons in schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2000, 57(1):65-73.
10. Golomb E., Ma X., Jana S.S., Preston Y.A., Kawamoto S., Shoham N.G., Goldin E., Conti M.A., Sellers J.R., Adelstein R.S. Identification and characterization of nonmuscle myosin II-C, a new member of the myosin II family. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279(4):2800-2808.
11. Rare chromosomal deletions and duplications increase risk of schizophrenia. Nature 2008, 455(7210):237-241. International Schizophrenia Consortium.
12. Common polygenic variation contributes to risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Nature 2009, 460(7256):748-752. International Schizophrenia Consortium.
13. Ishiguro H., Koga M., Horiuchi Y., Inada T., Iwata N., Ozaki N., Ujike H., Muratake T., Someya T., Arinami T. PICK1 is not a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia in a Japanese population: association study in a large case-control population. Neurosci. Res. 2007, 58(2):145-148.
14. Ishiguro H., Imai K., Koga M., Horiuchi Y., Inada T., Iwata N., Ozaki N., Ujike H., Itokawa M., Kunugi H., Sasaki T., Watanabe Y., Someya T., Arinami T. Replication study for associations between polymorphisms in the CLDN5 and DGCR2 genes in the 22q11 deletion syndrome region and schizophrenia. Psychiatr. Genet. 2008, 18(5):255-256.
15. Ishiguro, H., Koga, M., Horiuchi, Y., Noguchi, E., Morikawa, M., Suzuki, Y., Arai, M., Niizato, K., Iritani, S., Itokawa, M., Inada, T., Iwata, N., Ozaki, N., Ujike, H., Kunugi, H., Sasaki, T., Takahashi, M., Watanabe, Y., Someya, T., Kakita, A., Takahashi, H., Nawa, H., Arinami, T., 2008b. Supportive evidence for reduced expression of GNB1L in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2008 Nov 14. [Electronic publication ahead of print]. http://doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn160.
16. Kaneko N., Muratake T., Kuwabara H., Kurosaki T., Takei M., Ohtsuki T., Arinami T., Tsuji S., Someya T. Autosomal linkage analysis of a Japanese single multiplex schizophrenia pedigree reveals two candidate loci on chromosomes 4q and 3q. Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 2007, 144B(6):735-742.
17. Karayiorgou M., Morris M.A., Morrow B., Shprintzen R.J., Goldberg R., Borrow J., Gos A., Nestadt G., Wolyniec P.S., Lasseter V.K., Eisen H., Childs B., Kazazian H.H., Kucherlapati R., Antonarakis S.E., Pulver A.E., Housman D.E. Schizophrenia susceptibility associated with interstitial deletions of chromosome 22q11. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1995, 92(17):7612-7616.
18. Kirov G., Zaharieva I., Georgieva L., Moskvina V., Nikolov I., Cichon S., Hillmer A., Toncheva D., Owen M.J., O'Donovan M.C. A genome-wide association study in 574 schizophrenia trios using DNA pooling. Mol. Psychiatry 2009, 14(8):796-803.
19. Kitao Y., Inada T., Arinami T., Hirotsu C., Aoki S., Iijima Y., Yamauchi T., Yagi G. A contribution to genome-wide association studies: search for susceptibility loci for schizophrenia using DNA microsatellite markers on chromosomes 19, 20, 21 and 22. Psychiatr. Genet. 2000, 10(3):139-143.
20. Lencz T., Morgan T.V., Athanasiou M., Dain B., Reed C.R., Kane J.M., Kucherlapati R., Malhotra A.K. Converging evidence for a pseudoautosomal cytokine receptor gene locus in schizophrenia. Mol. Psychiatry 2007, 12(6):572-580.
21. Lewis C.M., Levinson D.F., Wise L.H., DeLisi L.E., Straub R.E., Hovatta I., Williams N.M., Schwab S.G., Pulver A.E., Faraone S.V., Brzustowicz L.M., Kaufmann C.A., Garver D.L., Gurling H.M.D., Lindholm E., Coon H., Moises H.W., Byerley W., Shaw S.H., Mesen A., Sherrington R., O'Neill F.A., Walsh D., Kendler K.S., Ekelund J., Paunio T., Lönnqvist J., Peltonen L., O'Donovan M.C., Owen M.J., Wildenauer D.B., Maier W., Nestadt G., Blouin J.-L., Antonarakis S.E., Mowry B.J., Silverman J.M., Crowe R.R., Cloninger C.R., Tsuang M.T., Malaspina D., Harkavy-Friedman J.M., Svrakic D.M., Bassett A.S., Holcomb J., Kalsi G., McQuillin A., Brynjolfson J., Sigmundsson T., Petursson H., Jazin E., Zoëga T., Helgason T. Genome scan meta-analysis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, part II: schizophrenia. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2003, 73(1):34-48.
22. Liu H., Heath S.C., Sobin C., Roos J.L., Galke B.L., Blundell M.L., Lenane M., Robertson B., Wijsman E.M., Rapoport J.L., Gogos J.A., Karayiorgou M. Genetic variation at the 22q11 PRODH2/DGCR6 locus presents an unusual pattern and increases susceptibility to schizophrenia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2002, 99(6):3717-3722.
23. Liu Y.L., Fann C.S., Liu C.M., Chen W.J., Wu J.Y., Hung S.I., Chen C.H., Jou Y.S., Liu S.K., Hwang T.J., Hsieh M.H., Chang C.C., Yang W.C., Lin J.J., Chou F.H., Faraone S.V., Tsuang M.T., Hwu H.G. RASD2, MYH9, and CACNG2 genes at chromosome 22q12 associated with the subgroup of schizophrenia with non-deficit in sustained attention and executive function. Biol. Psychiatry 2008, 64(9):789-796.
24. Mah S., Nelson M.R., DeLisi L.E., Reneland R.H., Markward N., James M.R., Nyholt D.R., Hayward N., Handoko H., Mowry B., Kammerer S., Braun A. Identification of the semaphorin receptor PLXNA2 as a candidate for susceptibility to schizophrenia. Mol. Psychiatry 2006, 11(5):471-478.
25. Mowry B.J., Holmans P.A., Pulver A.E., Gejman P.V., Riley B., Williams N.M., Laurent C., Schwab S.G., Wildenauer D.B., Bauché S., Owen M.J., Wormley B., Sanders A.R., Nestadt G., Liang K.Y., Duan J., Ribble R., Norton N., Soubigou S., Maier W., Ewen-White K.R., DeMarchi N., Carpenter B., Walsh D., Williams H., Jay M., Albus M., Nertney D.A., Papadimitriou G., O'Neill A., O'Donovan M.C., Deleuze J.F., Lerer F.B., Dikeos D., Kendler K.S., Mallet J., Silverman J.M., Crowe R.R., Levinson D.F. Multicenter linkage study of schizophrenia loci on chromosome 22q. Mol. Psychiatry 2004, 9(8):784-795.
26. Muglia, P., Tozzi, F., Galwey, N.W., Francks, C., Upmanyu, R., Kong, X.Q., Antoniades, A., Domenici, E., Perry, J., Rothen, S., Vandeleur, C.L.,Mooser, V., Waeber, G., Vollenweider, P., Preisig, M., Lucae, S., Müller-Myhsok, B., Holsboer, F., Middleton, L.T., Roses, A.D., 2008. Genome-wide association study of recurrent major depressive disorder in two European case-control cohorts. Mol. Psychiatry 2008 Dec 23. [Electronic publication ahead of print]. http://doi:10.1038/mp.2008.131.
27. Mukai J., Liu H., Burt R.A., Swor D.E., Lai W.S., Karayiorgou M., Gogos J.A. Evidence that the gene encoding ZDHHC8 contributes to the risk of schizophrenia. Nat. Genet. 2004, 36(7):725-731.
28. Murphy K.C., Jones L.A., Owen M.J. High rates of schizophrenia in adults with velo-cardio-facial syndrome. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1999, 56(10):940-945.
29. Replicating genotype-phenotype associations. Nature 2007, 447(7145):655-660. NCI-NHGRI Working Group on Replication in Association Studies.
30. Need A.C., Ge D., Weale M.E., Maia J., Feng S., Heinzen E.L., Shianna K.V., Yoon W., Kasperaviciūte D., Gennarelli M., Strittmatter W.J., Bonvicini C., Rossi G., Jayathilake K., Cola P.A., McEvoy J.P., Keefe R.S., Fisher E.M., St Jean P.L., Giegling I., Hartmann A.M., Möller H.J., Ruppert A., Fraser G., Crombie C., Middleton L.T., St Clair D., Roses A.D., Muglia P., Francks C., Rujescu D., Meltzer H.Y., Goldstein D.B. A genome-wide investigation of SNPs and CNVs in schizophrenia. PLoS Genet. 2009, 5(2):e1000373.
31. Ng M.Y., Levinson D.F., Faraone S.V., Suarez B.K., Delisi L.E., Arinami T., Riley B., Paunio T., Pulver A.E., Irmansyah, Holmans P.A., Escamilla M., Wildenauer D.B., Williams N.M., Laurent C., Mowry B.J., Brzustowicz L.M., Maziade M., Sklar P., Garver D.L., Abecasis G.R., Lerer B., Fallin M.D., Gurling H.M., Gejman P.V., Lindholm E., Moises H.W., Byerley W., Wijsman E.M., Forabosco P., Tsuang M.T., Hwu H.G., Okazaki Y., Kendler K.S., Wormley B., Fanous A., Walsh D., O'Neill F.A., Peltonen L., Nestadt G., Lasseter V.K., Liang K.Y., Papadimitriou G.M., Dikeos D.G., Schwab S.G., Owen M.J., O'Donovan M.C., Norton N., Hare E., Raventos H., Nicolini H., Albus M., Maier W., Nimgaonkar V.L., Terenius L., Mallet J., Jay M., Godard S., Nertney D., Alexander M., Crowe R.R., Silverman J.M., Bassett A.S., Roy M.A., Mérette C., Mérette C., Pato C.N., Pato M.T., Louw, Roos J., Mérette C., Kohn Y., Amann-Zalcenstein D., Kalsi G., McQuillin A., Curtis D., Brynjolfson J., Sigmundsson T., Petursson H., Sanders A.R., Duan J., Jazin E., Myles-Worsley M., Karayiorgou M., Lewis C.M. Meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide linkase studies of schizophrenia. Mol. Psychiatry 2009, 14(8):774-785.
32. O'Donovan M.C., Craddock N., Norton N., Williams H., Peirce T., Moskvina V., Nikolov I., Hamshere M., Carroll L., Georgieva L., Dwyer S., Holmans P., Marchini J.L., Spencer C.C., Howie B., Leung H.T., Hartmann A.M., Möller H.J., Morris D.W., Shi Y., Feng G., Hoffmann P., Propping P., Vasilescu C., Maier W., Rietschel M., Zammit S., Schumacher J., Quinn E.M., Schulze T.G., Williams N.M., Giegling I., Iwata N., Ikeda M., Darvasi A., Shifman S., He L., Duan J., Sanders A.R., Levinson D.F., Gejman P.V., Cichon S., Nöthen M.M., Gill M., Corvin A., Rujescu D., Kirov G., Owen M.J., Buccola N.G., Mowry B.J., Freedman R., Amin F., Black D.W., Silverman J.M., Byerley W.F., Cloninger C.R. Identification of loci associated with schizophrenia by genome-wide association and follow-up. Nat. Genet. 2008, 40(9):1053-1055. Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia Collaboration.
33. Okochi T., Ikeda M., Kishi T., Kawashima K., Kinoshita Y., Kitajima T., Yamanouchi Y., Tomita M., Inada T., Ozaki N., Iwata N. Meta-analysis of association between genetic variants in COMT and schizophrenia: an update. Schizophr. Res. 2009, 110(1-3):140-148.
34. Genomewide association studies: history, rationale, and prospects for psychiatric disorders. Am. J. Psychiatry 2009, 166(5):540-556. Psychiatric GWAS Consortium Coordinating Committee.
35. Purcell S., Cherny S.S., Sham P.C. Genetic Power Calculator: design of linkage and association genetic mapping studies of complex traits. Bioinformatics 2003, 19(1):149-150.
36. Rosoklija G., Toomayan G., Ellis S.P., Keilp J., Mann J.J., Latov N., Hays A.P., Dwork A.J. Structural abnormalities of subicular dendrites in subjects with schizophrenia and mood disorders: preliminary findings. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2000, 57(4):349-356.
37. Rousset F. GENEPOP'007: a complete re-implementation of the GENEPOP software for Windows and Linux. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 2008, 8(1):1103-1106.
38. Ryu J., Liu L., Wong T.P., Wu D.C., Burette A., Weinberg R., Wang Y.T., Sheng M. A critical role for myosin IIb in dendritic spine morphology and synaptic function. Neuron 2006, 49(2):175-182.
39. Sanders A.R., Duan J., Levinson D.F., Shi J., He D., Hou C., Burrell G.J., Rice J.P., Nertney D.A., Olincy A., Rozic P., Vinogradov S., Buccola N.G., Mowry B.J., Freedman R., Amin F., Black D.W., Silverman J.M., Byerley W.F., Crowe R.R., Cloninger C.R., Martinez M., Gejman P.V. No significant association of 14 candidate genes with schizophrenia in a large European ancestry sample: implications for psychiatric genetics. Am. J. Psychiatry 2008, 165(4):497-506.
40. Sham P.C., Curtis D. Monte Carlo tests for associations between disease and alleles at highly polymorphic loci. Ann. Hum. Genet. 1995, 59(1):97-105.
41. Shi J., Levinson D.F., Duan J., Sanders A.R., Zheng Y., Pe'er I., Dudbridge F., Holmans P.A., Whittemore A.S., Mowry B.J., Olincy A., Amin F., Cloninger C.R., Silverman J.M., Buccola N.G., Byerley W.F., Black D.W., Crowe R.R., Oksenberg J.R., Mirel D.B., Kendler K.S., Freedman R., Gejman P.V. Common variants on chromosome 6p22.1 are associated with schizophrenia. Nature 2009, 460(7256):753-757.
42. Shifman S., Bronstein M., Sternfeld M., Pisanté-Shalom A., Lev-Lehman E., Weizman A., Reznik I., Spivak B., Grisaru N., Karp L., Schiffer R., Kotler M., Strous R.D., Swartz-Vanetik M., Knobler H.Y., Shinar E., Beckmann J.S., Yakir B., Risch N., Zak N.B., Darvasi A. A highly significant association between a COMT haplotype and schizophrenia. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2002, 71(6):1296-1302.
43. Shifman S., Johannesson M., Bronstein M., Chen S.X., Collier D.A., Craddock N.J., Kendler K.S., Li T., O'Donovan M., O'Neill F.A., Owen M.J., Walsh D., Weinberger D.R., Sun C., Flint J., Darvasi A. Genome-wide association identifies a common variant in the reelin gene that increases the risk of schizophrenia only in women. PLoS Genet. 2008, 4(2):e28.
44. Shprintzen R.J., Goldberg R., Golding-Kushner K.J., Marion R.W. Late-onset psychosis in the velo-cardio-facial syndrome. Am. J. Med. Genet. 1992, 42(1):141-142.
45. Stefansson H., Ophoff R.A., Steinberg S., Andreassen O.A., Cichon S., Rujescu D., Werge T., Pietiläinen O.P., Mors O., Mortensen P.B., Sigurdsson E., Gustafsson O., Nyegaard M., Tuulio-Henriksson A., Ingason A., Hansen T., Suvisaari J., Lonnqvist J., Paunio T., Børglum A.D., Hartmann A., Fink-Jensen A., Nordentoft M., Hougaard D., Norgaard-Pedersen B., Böttcher Y., Olesen J., Breuer R., Möller H.J., Giegling I., Rasmussen H.B., Timm S., Mattheisen M., Bitter I., Réthelyi J.M., Magnusdottir B.B., Sigmundsson T., Olason P., Masson G., Gulcher J.R., Haraldsson M., Fossdal R., Thorgeirsson T.E., Thorsteinsdottir U., Ruggeri M., Tosato S., Franke B., Strengman E., Kiemeney L.A., Melle I., Djurovic S., Abramova L., Kaleda V., Sanjuan J., de Frutos R., Bramon E., Vassos E., Fraser G., Ettinger U., Picchioni M., Walker N., Toulopoulou T., Need A.C., Ge D., Yoon J.L., Shianna K.V., Freimer N.B., Cantor R.M., Murray R., Kong A., Golimbet V., Carracedo A., Arango C., Costas J., Jönsson E.G., Terenius L., Agartz I., Petursson H., Nöthen M.M., Rietschel M., Matthews P.M., Muglia P., Peltonen L., St Clair D., Goldstein D.B., Stefansson K., Collier D.A. Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia. Nature 2009, 460(7256):744-747. Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (GROUP).
46. Sullivan P.F., Lin D., Tzeng J.Y., van den Oord E., Perkins D., Stroup T.S., Wagner M., Lee S., Wright F.A., Zou F., Liu W., Downing A.M., Lieberman J., Close S.L. Genomewide association for schizophrenia in the CATIE study: results of stage 1. Mol. Psychiatry 2008, 13(6):570-584.
47. Vallada H., Curtis D., Sham P.C., Murray R.M., McGuffin P., Nanko S., Gill M., Owen M., Collier D.A. Chromosome 22 markers demonstrate transmission disequilibrium with schizophrenia. Psychiatr. Genet. 1995, 5(3):127-130.
48. Watanabe Y., Muratake T., Kaneko N., Nunokawa A., Someya T. No association between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene and schizophrenia in a Japanese population. Schizophr. Res. 2006, 84(1):29-35.
49. Williams N.M., Jones L.A., Murphy K.C., Cardno A.G., Asherson P., Williams J., McGuffin P., Owen M.J. No evidence for an allelic association between schizophrenia and markers D22S278 and D22S283. Am. J. Med. Genet. 1997, 74(1):37-39.
50. Williams N.M., Norton N., Williams H., Ekholm B., Hamshere M.L., Lindblom Y., Chowdari K.V., Cardno A.G., Zammit S., Jones L.A., Murphy K.C., Sanders R.D., McCarthy G., Gray M.Y., Jones G., Holmans P., Nimgaonkar V., Adolfson R., Osby U., Terenius L., Sedvall G., O'Donovan M.C., Owen M.J. A systematic genomewide linkage study in 353 sib pairs with schizophrenia. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2003, 73(6):1355-1367.
51. Xu B., Roos J.L., Levy S., van Rensburg E.J., Gogos J.A., Karayiorgou M. Strong association of de novo copy number mutations with sporadic schizophrenia. Nat. Genet. 2008, 40(7):880-885.