Exploring bilingualism in a monolingual school system: Insights from Turkish and native students from Belgian schools

British Journal of Sociology of Education

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 307-321

  Agirdag, Orhan ^a  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Bilingual education; Bilingualism; Doxa; Institutional racism; Monolingualism; Turkish students

Indexed keywords

EID: 77951664308     PISSN: 01425692     EISSN: 14653346     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01425691003700540     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Agirdag, O. 2009. All languages welcomed here. Educational Leadership 66: 20-5.
2. Arce, J. 2004. Latino bilingual teachers: The struggle to sustain an emancipatory pedagogy in public schools. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 17: 227-46.
3. Baker, C. 1996. Foundations of bilingual education and bilingualism. Bilingual education and bilingualism 1. 2nd ed. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
4. Bialystok, E. 1988. Levels of bilingualism and levels of linguistic awareness. Developmental Psychology 24: 560-7.
5. Blommaert, J., and P. Van Avermaet. 2008. Taal, onderwijs en de samenleving. De kloof tussen beleid en realiteit [Language, education and the society. The gap between policy and reality]. Berchem: Epo.
6. Bourdieu, P. 1977a. The economics of linguistic exchanges. Social Science Information 16: 645-68.
7. Bourdieu, P. 1977b. Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
8. Bourdieu, P. 1998. Practical reason: On the theory of action. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
9. Brubaker, R. 2001. The return of assimilation? Changing perspectives on immigration and its sequels in France, Germany, and the United States. Ethnic and Racial Studies 24: 531-48.
10. Clyne, M. 1997. Multilingualism. In The handbook of sociolinguistics, ed. C. Florian, 301-14. Oxford: Blackwell.
11. Crawford, J. 2004. Educating english learners: Language diversity in the classroom. 5th ed. Los Angeles, CA: Bilingual Educational Services.
12. Cummins, J. 2000. Language, power, and pedagogy: Bilingual children in the crossfire. Bilingual education and bilingualism 23. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
13. Cummins, J. 2001. Bilingual children's mother tongue: Why is it important for education? Sprogforum 19: 15-20.
14. Diaz, R.M. 1983. Thought and two languages: The impact of bilingualism on cognitive development. Review of Educational Research 10: 23-54.
15. Esterberg, K.G. 2002. Qualitative methods in social research. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
16. Faas, D. 2008. Constructing identities: The ethno-national and nationalistic identities of white and Turkish students in two English secondary schools. British Journal of Sociology of Education 29: 37-48.
17. Fielding, N. 1993. Qualitative interviewing. In Researching social life, ed. G.N. Gilbert, 130-45. London: Sage.
18. Garcia, O. 1997. Bilingual education. In The handbook of sociolinguistics, ed. C. Florian, 405-20. Oxford: Blackwell.
19. Gillborn, D. 2005. Education policy as an act of white supremacy: Whiteness, critical race theory and education reform. Journal of Education Policy 20, no. 4: 485-505.
20. Gillborn, D. 2006. Citizenship education as placebo: 'Standards', institutional racism and education policy. Education, Citzenship and Social Justice 1, no. 1: 83-104.
21. Gillborn, D. 2008. Racism and education: Coincidence or conspiracy? New York: Routledge.
22. Giroux, H.A. 2001. Theory and resistance in education: Towards a pedagogy for the opposition. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey.
23. Gupta, A.F. 1997. When mother-tongue education is not preferred. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 18: 496-507.
24. Hakuta, K., and R.M. Diaz. 1985. The relationship between degree of bilingualism and cognitive ability: A critical discussion and some new longitudinal data. Children's Language 5: 319-44.
25. Helot, C., and A. Young. 2002. Bilingualism and language education in French primary schools: Why and how should migrant languages be valued? International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 5: 96-112.
26. Hirtt, N., I. Nicaise, and D. De Zutter. 2007. De school van de ongelijkheid [The school of inequality]. Berchem: Epo.
27. Hornberger, H.N. 2002. Multilingual language policies and the continua of biliteracy: An ecological approach. Language Policy 1: 27-51.
28. Hurtado, A., and A.L. Vega. 2004. Shift happens: Spanish and English transmission between parents and their children. Journal of Social Issues 60: 137-55.
29. Krashen, S. 1999. Condemned without a trial: Bogus arguments against bilingual education. Portsmouth: Heinemann.
30. Leman, J. 1997. School as a socialising and corrective force in inter-ethnic urban relations. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 18: 125-34.
31. Lesthaeghe, R. 2000. Transnational Islamic communities in a multilingual secular society. In Communities and generations: Turkish and Moroccan populations in Belgium, ed. R. Lesthaeghe, 1-57. Brussels: Vub Press.
32. Lutz, A., and S. Crist. 2009. Why do bilingual boys get better grades in English-only America? The impacts of gender, language and family interaction on academic achievement of Latino/a children of immigrants. Ethnic and Racial Studies 32: 346-68.
33. Macedo, D. 2000. The colonialism of the English only movement. Educational Researcher 29: 15-24.
34. Macpherson, W. 1999. The Stephen Lawrence inquiry. London: Stationery Office.
35. Manco, A.A., and D. Crutzen. 1999. De moedertaal en de taal waarin onderwezen wordt: Een sociolinguïstische probleem, bestudeerd aan de hand van de situatie van de turken en de marokkanen in belgië [The mother tongue and the language of instruction: A sociolinguistic problem, a study about Turks and Moroccans in Belgium]. In Moedertaalonderwijs bij allochtonen. Geïntegreerd onderwijs in de eigen taal en cultuur [Education in mother tongue for immigrants. Integrated education in own language and culture], ed. J. Leman, 160. Leuven: Acco.
36. Martin, D., and J. Stuart-Smith. 1998. Exploring bilingual children's perceptions of being bilingual and biliterate: Implications for educational provision. British Journal of Sociology of Education 19: 237-54.
37. Mouw, T., and Y. Xie. 1999. Bilingualism and the academic achievement of first- and second-generation Asian Americans: Accommodation with or without assimilation? American Sociological Review 64: 232-52.
38. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. 2006. Where immigrant students succeed. A comparative review of performance and engagement in Pisa 2003. Paris: OECD.
39. Pavlenko, A. 2002. 'We have room for but one language here': Language and national identity in the US at the turn of the 20th century. Multilingua 21: 163-96.
40. Peal, E., and W.E. Lambert. 1962. The relation of bilingualism to intelligence. Psychological monographs: General and applied. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
41. Portes, A., and L. Hao. 2002. The price of uniformity: Language, family and personality adjustment in the immigrant second generation. Ethnic and Racial Studies 25: 889-912.
42. Portes, A., and R. Schauffler. 1994. Language and the 2nd generation: Bilingualism yesterday and today. International Migration Review 28: 640-61.
43. Sierens, S. 2006. Immigratiesamenleving, onderwijs en overheid in vlaanderen: Een gespannen driehoeksverhouding [Migration society, education and government in Flanders: A tense triangle]. In Onderwijs onderweg in de immigratiesamenleving [Education on the way in the immigration society], ed. S. Sierens, M. Van Houtte, P. Loobuyck, K. Delrue, and K. Pelleriaux, 9-32. Gent: Academia Press.
44. Skutnabb-Kangas, T. 2000. Linguistic genocide in education, or worldwide diversity and human rights? Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
45. Stevens, P.A.J. 2008. Exploring pupils' perceptions of teacher racism in their context: A case study of Turkish and Belgian vocational education pupils in a Belgian school. British Journal of Sociology of Education 29: 175-87.
46. UNESCO. 1960. Convention against discrimination in education, adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO at its eleventh session on 14 December 1960. Paris: UNESCO Publishing.
47. Van Avermaet, P. 2008. Multilingual spaces in Europe and the use of the CEFR. In Un mondo di italiono, ed. A. Ciliberti, 49-60. Perugia: Guerra Edizioni.
48. Van Craen, M., K. Vancluysen, and J. Ackaert. 2007. Voorbij wij en zij? De sociaal-culturele afstand tussen autochtonen en allochtonen tegen de meetlat [Beyond us and them? Socialcultural distance between natives and immigrants measured]. Brugge: Vandenbroele.
49. Willis, P.E. 1981. Learning to labor: How working class kids get working class jobs. Morningside ed. New York: Columbia University Press.
50. Wodak, R., and G. Benke. 1997. Gender as a sociolinguistic variable: New perspectives on variation studies. In The handbook of sociolinguistics, ed. F. Coulmas, 108-27. Oxford: Blackwell.
51. Zhou, M., and C.L. Bankston. 1998. Growing up in America: How Vietnamese children adapt to life in the United States. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.