Biogeography and biodiversity in sulfide structures of active and inactive vents at deep-sea hydrothermal fields of the southern mariana trough

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 76, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 2968-2979

  Kato, Shingo ^a   Takano, Yoshinori ^b   Kakegawa, Takeshi ^c   Oba, Hironori ^a   Inoue, Kazuhiko ^a   Kobayashi, Chiyori ^a   Utsumi, Motoo ^d   Marumo, Katsumi ^e   Kobayashi, Kensei ^f   Ito, Yuki ^f   Ishibashi, Jun Ichiro ^g   Yamagishi, Akihiko ^a  

^a TOKYO UNIVERSITY OF PHARMACY AND LIFE SCIENCES   (Japan)

^b JAPAN AGENCY FOR MARINE EARTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^c TOHOKU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TSUKUBA   (Japan)

^e NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AIST   (Japan)

^f YOKOHAMA NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^g KYUSHU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

16S RRNA GENE; ARCHAEAL; AVAILABLE ENERGY; BACK-ARC; BASALTIC ROCKS; COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS; COPY NUMBER; ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES; GEOLOGICAL SETTING; HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY; HYDROTHERMAL FIELD; HYPERTHERMOPHILIC ARCHAEA; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; MARINE SEDIMENTS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; MICROBIAL ECO SYSTEM; OFF-AXIS; PHYLOTYPES; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; SAMPLING POINTS; SEA FLOOR; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; TOTAL ORGANIC CONTENTS;

BIODIVERSITY; CLONING; LIBRARIES; RNA; SUBMARINE GEOLOGY; VENTS;

STRUCTURE (COMPOSITION);

RNA 16S; SEA WATER; SULFIDE;

ABUNDANCE; BACKARC BASIN; BASALT; BIODIVERSITY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; DEEP SEA; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GENE; HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; PROKARYOTE; SEAFLOOR; SPREADING CENTER; SULFIDE; TROUGH;

ARCHAEBACTERIUM; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM; BIODIVERSITY; CLASSIFICATION; ECOSYSTEM; EPSILONPROTEOBACTERIA; GENETICS; GEOLOGY; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; MOLECULAR GENETICS; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; SEDIMENT; TEMPERATURE;

ARCHAEA; BACTERIA; BASE SEQUENCE; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM; EPSILONPROTEOBACTERIA; GEOLOGIC SEDIMENTS; GEOLOGY; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; RNA, RIBOSOMAL, 16S; SEAWATER; SULFIDES; TEMPERATURE;

MARIANA TROUGH; PACIFIC OCEAN;

ARCHAEA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); EPSILONPROTEOBACTERIA;

EID: 77951541709     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: 10985336     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00478-10     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Alain, K., M. Zbinden, N. L. Bris, F. Lesongeur, J. Quérellou, F. Gaill, and M.-A. Cambon-Bonavita. 2004. Early steps in microbial colonization processes at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Environ. Microbiol. 6: 227-241.
2. Altschul, S. F., W. Gish, W. Miller, E. W. Meyers, and D. J. Lipman. 1990. Basic local alignment search tool. J. Mol. Biol. 215: 403-410.
3. Amend, J. P., K. L. Rogers, E. L. Shock, S. Gurrieri, and S. Inguaggiato. 2003. Energetics of chemolithoautotrophy in the hydrothermal system of vulcano island, southern Italy. Geobiology 1: 37-58.
4. Ashelford, K. E., N. A. Chuzhanova, J. C. Fry, A. J. Jones, and A. J. Weightman. 2006. New screening software shows that most recent large 16S rRNA gene clone libraries contain chimeras. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 5734-5741.
5. Bach, W., and K. J. Edwards. 2003. Iron and sulfide oxidation within the basaltic ocean crust: implications for chemolithoautotrophic microbial biomass production. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 67: 3871-3887.
6. Baker, E. T., G. J. Massoth, K. Nakamura, R. W. Embley, C. E. J. de Ronde, and R. J. Arculus. 2005. Hydrothermal activity on near-arc sections of backarc ridges: results from the Mariana Trough and Lau basin. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 6:Q09001. doi:10.1029/2005GC000948.
7. Barns, S. M., C. F. Delwiche, J. D. Palmer, and N. R. Pace. 1996. Perspectives on archaeal diversity, thermophily and monophyly from environmental rRNA sequences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93: 9188-9193.
8. Barns, S. M., R. E. Fundyga, M. W. Jeffries, and N. R. Pace. 1994. Remarkable archaeal diversity detected in a Yellowstone national park hot spring environment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 91: 1609-1613.
9. Bowman, J. P., and R. D. McCuaig. 2003. Biodiversity, community structural shifts, and biogeography of prokaryotes within Antarctic continental shelf sediment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 2463-2483.
10. Campbell, B. J., A. S. Engel, M. L. Porter, and K. Takai. 2006. The versatile epsilon-proteobacteria: key players in sulphidic habitats. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 4: 458-468.
11. 11. Clark, D. A., and P. R. Norris. 1996. Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans gen. nov., sp. nov.: mixed-culture ferrous iron oxidation with Sulfobacillus species. Microbiology 142: 785-790. (Pubitemid 26139353)
12. Cleaver, A. A., N. P. Burton, and P. R. Norris. 2007. A novel Acidimicrobium species in continuous cultures of moderately thermophilic, mineral-sulfideoxidizing acidophiles. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 4294-4299.
13. Corre, E., A.-L. Reysenbach, and D. Prieur. 2001. ε-proteobacterial diversity from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 205: 329-335.
14. DeLong, E. 1992. Archaea in coastal marine environments. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 89: 5685-5689.
15. Edwards, K. J., D. R. Rogers, C. O. Wirsen, and T. M. McCollom. 2003. Isolation and characterization of novel psychrophilic, neutrophilic, Fe-oxidizing, chemolithoautotrophic α- and γ-proteobacteria from the deep sea. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 2906-2913.
16. Ehrhardt, C. J., R. M. Haymon, M. G. Lamontagne, and P. A. Holden. 2007. Evidence for hydrothermal archaea within the basaltic flanks of the East Pacific Rise. Environ. Microbiol. 9: 900-912.
17. Fryer, P. 1995. Geology of the Mariana Trough, p. 237-279. In B. Taylor (ed.), Backarc basins: tectonics and magmatism. Plenum Press, Inc., New York, NY.
18. Fuhrman, J., K. McCallum, and A. Davis. 1992. Novel major archaebacterial group from marine plankton. Nature 356: 148-149.
19. Gamo, T., J. Ishibashi, U. Tsunogai, K. Okamura, and H. Chiba. 2006. Unique geochemistry of submarine hydrothermal fluids from arc-back-arc settings of the western Pacific. Geophys. Monogr. 166: 147-161.
20. Garciåla-Martiålnez, J., and F. Rodriålguez-Valera. 2000. Microdiversity of uncultured marine prokaryotes: the SAR11 cluster and the marine archaea of group I. Mol. Ecol. 9: 935-948.
21. Guindon, S., and O. Gascuel. 2003. A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood. Syst. Biol. 52: 696-704.
22. Harmsen, H., D. Prieur, and C. Jeanthon. 1997. Distribution of microorganisms in deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimneys investigated by whole-cell hybridization and enrichment culture of thermophilic subpopulations. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63: 2876-2883.
23. Hirayama, H., M. Sunamura, K. Takai, T. Nunoura, T. Noguchi, H. Oida, Y. Furushima, H. Yamamoto, T. Oomori, and K. Horikoshi. 2007. Culturedependent and -independent characterization of microbial communities associated with a shallow submarine hydrothermal system occurring within a coral reef off Taketomi island, Japan. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 7642-7656.
24. Hoehler, T. M., M. J. Alperin, D. B. Albert, and C. S. Martens. 1994. Field and laboratory studies of methane oxidation in an anoxic marine sediment: evidence for a methanogen-sulfate reducer consortium. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 8: 451-463.
25. Hughes, J. B., J. J. Hellmann, T. H. Ricketts, and B. J. M. Bohannan. 2001. Counting the uncountable: statistical approaches to estimating microbial diversity. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 4399-4406.
26. Ishibashi, J., R. Suzuki, T. Yamanaka, T. Toki, H. Kimura, T. Noguchi, and T. Urabe. 2006. Seafloor hydrothermal activity at off-axial seamounts of backarc spreading in southern Mariana Trough. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70:A279.
27. Ishibashi, J., and T. Urabe. 1995. Hydrothermal activity related to arc-backarc magmatism in the western Pacific, p. 451-495. In B. Taylor (ed.), Backarc basins: tectonics and magmatism. Plenum Press, Inc., New York, NY.
28. Ishibashi, J., T. Yamanaka, H. Kimura, A. Hirota, T. Toki, U. Tsunogai, T. Gamo, M. Utsumi, K. Roe, and S. Miyabe. 2004. Geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids in south Mariana backarc spreading center. EOS Trans. AGU 85 Fall Meet. Suppl., abstr. V44A-05.
29. Johnson, D. B., P. Bacelar-Nicolau, N. Okibe, A. Thomas, and K. B. Hallberg. 2009. Ferrimicrobium acidiphilum gen. nov., sp. nov. and Ferrithrix thermotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov.: heterotrophic, iron-oxidizing, extremely acidophilic Actinobacteria. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59: 1082-1089.
30. Johnson, D. B., M. A Ghauri, and M. F. Said. 1992. Isolation and characterization of an acidophilic, heterotrophic bacterium capable of oxidizing ferrous iron. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 1423-1428.
31. Kakegawa, T., M. Utsumi, and K. Marumo. 2008. Geochemistry of sulfide chimneys and basement pillow lavas at the southern Mariana Trough (12.55°N-12.58°N). Resource Geol. 58: 249-266.
32. Kalanetra, K. M., S. L. Huston, and D. C. Nelson. 2004. Novel, attached, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria at shallow hydrothermal vents possess vacuoles not involved in respiratory nitrate accumulation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 7487-7496.
33. Kato, S., C. Kobayashi, T. Kakegawa, and A. Yamagishi. 2009. Microbial communities in iron-silica-rich microbial mats at deep-sea hydrothermal fields of the southern Mariana Trough. Environ. Microbiol. 11: 2094-2111.
34. Kato, S., K. Yanagawa, M. Sunamura, Y. Takano, J. Ishibashi, T. Kakegawa, M. Utsumi, T. Yamanaka, T. Toki, T. Noguchi, K. Kobayashi, A. Moroi, H. Kimura, Y. Kawarabayasi, K. Marumo, T. Urabe, and A. Yamagishi. 2009. Abundance of Zetaproteobacteria within crustal fluids in back-arc hydrothermal fields of the southern Mariana Trough. Environ. Microbiol. 11: 3210-3222.
35. Kormas, K. A., D. C. Smith, V. Edgcomb, and A. Teske. 2003. Molecular analysis of deep subsurface microbial communities in Nankai Trough sediments (ODP leg 190, site 1176). FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 45: 115-125.
36. Kormas, K. A., M. K. Tivey, K. Von Damm, and A. Teske. 2006. Bacterial and archaeal phylotypes associated with distinct mineralogical layers of a white smoker spire from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent site (9°N, East Pacific Rise). Environ. Microbiol. 8: 909-920.
37. Lane, D. J. 1991. 16S/23S rRNA sequencing, p. 115-147. In E. Stackebrandt and M. Goodfellow (ed.), Nucleic acid techniques in bacterial systematics. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England.
38. Lee, Z. M.-P., C. Bussema III, and T. M. Schmidt. 2009. rrnDB: documenting the number of rRNA and tRNA genes in bacteria and archaea. Nucleic Acids Res. 37(database issue):D489-D493.
39. Li, L. 1999. Microbial diversity in sediments collected from the deepest cold-seep area, the Japan trench. Mar. Biotechnol. 1: 391-400.
40. 40. Li, L., C. Kato, and K. Horikoshi. 1999. Bacterial diversity in deep-sea sediments from different depths. Biodiversity Conservation 8: 659-677. (Pubitemid 29321669)
41. Longnecker, K., and A.-L. Reysenbach. 2001. Expansion of the geographic distribution of a novel lineage of ε-proteobacteria to a hydrothermal vent site on the southern East Pacific Rise. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 35: 287-293.
42. Lopez-Garcia, P., S. Duperron, P. Philippot, J. Foriel, J. Susini, and D. Moreira. 2003. Bacterial diversity in hydrothermal sediment and epsilonproteobacterial dominance in experimental microcolonizers at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Environ. Microbiol. 5: 961-976.
43. Lozupone, C., M. Hamady, and R. Knight. 2006. Unifrac: an online tool for comparing microbial community diversity in a phylogenetic context. BMC Bioinform. 7:371. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-7-371.
44. Lozupone, C., and R. Knight. 2005. Unifrac: a new phylogenetic method for comparing microbial communities. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 8228-8235.
45. 45. Ludwig, W., O. Strunk, R. Westram, L. Richter, H. Meier, Yadhukumar, A. Buchner, T. Lai, S. Steppi, G. Jobb, W. Forster, I. Brettske, S. Gerber, A. W. Ginhart, O. Gross, S. Grumann, S. Hermann, R. Jost, A. Konig, T. Liss, R. Lussmann, M. May, B. Nonhoff, B. Reichel, R. Strehlow, A. Stamatakis, N. Stuckmann, A. Vilbig, M. Lenke, T. Ludwig, A. Bode, and K.-H. Schleifer. 2004. ARB: a software environment for sequence data. Nucleic Acids Res. 32: 1363-1371. (Pubitemid 38854737)
46. Maidak, B. L., J. R. Cole, T. G. Lilburn, C. T. Parker, Jr., P. R. Saxman, R. J. Farris, G. M. Garrity, G. J. Olsen, T. M. Schmidt, and J. M. Tiedje. 2001. The RDP-II (Ribosomal Database Project). Nucleic Acids Res. 29: 173-174.
47. Martens, C. S., and R. A. Berner. 1974. Methane production in the interstitial waters of sulfate-depleted marine sediments. Science 185: 1167-1169.
48. Martin, A. P. 2002. Phylogenetic approaches for describing and comparing me diversity of microbial communities. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68:3673-3682.
49. Martiny, J. B. H., B. J. M. Bohannan, J. H. Brown, R. K. Colwell, J. A. Fuhrman, J. L. Green, M. C. Horner-Devine, M. Kane, J. A. Krumins, C. R. Kuske, P. J. Morin, S. Naeem, L. Ovreas, A.-L. Reysenbach, V. H. Smith, and J. T. Staley. 2006. Microbial biogeography: putting microorganisms on the map. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 4: 102-112.
50. Mason, O. U., C. A. Di Meo-Savoie, J. D. Van Nostrand, J. Zhou, M. R. Fisk, and S. J. Giovannoni. 2008. Prokaryotic diversity, distribution, and insights into their role in biogeochemical cycling in marine basalts. ISME J. 3: 231-242.
51. Mason, O. U., U. Stingl, L. J. Wilhelm, M. M. Moeseneder, C. A. Di MeoSavoie, M. R. Fisk, and S. J. Giovannoni. 2007. The phylogeny of endolithic microbes associated with marine basalts. Environ. Microbiol. 9: 2539-2550.
52. McCliment, E. A., K. M. Voglesonger, P. A. O'Day, E. E. Dunn, J. R. Holloway, and S. C. Cary. 2006. Colonization of nascent, deep-sea hydrothermal vents by a novel archaeal and nanoarchaeal assemblage. Environ. Microbiol. 8: 114-125.
53. Nakagawa, S., and K. Takai. 2008. Deep-sea vent chemoautotrophs: diversity, biochemistry, and ecological significance. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 65: 1-14.
54. Nakagawa, S., K. Takai, F. Inagaki, H. Chiba, J. Ishibashi, S. Kataoka, H. Hirayama, T. Nunoura, K. Horikoshi, and Y. Sako. 2005. Variability in microbial community and venting chemistry in a sediment-hosted backarc hydrothermal system: impacts of subseafloor phase-separation. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 54: 141-155.
55. Nakagawa, S., K. Takai, F. Inagaki, H. Hirayama, T. Nunoura, K. Horikoshi, and Y. Sako. 2005. Distribution, phylogenetic diversity and physiological characteristics of epsilon-proteobacteria in a deep-sea hydrothermal field. Environ. Microbiol. 7: 1619-1632.
56. Nakagawa, T., K. Takai, Y. Suzuki, H. Hirayama, U. Konno, U. Tsunogai, and K. Horikoshi. 2006. Geomicrobiological exploration and characterization of a novel deep-sea hydrothermal system at the TOTO caldera in the Mariana volcanic arc. Environ. Microbiol. 8: 37-49.
57. Page, A., M. K. Tivey, D. S. Stakes, and A.-L. Reysenbach. 2008. Temporal and spatial archaeal colonization of hydrothermal vent deposits. Environ. Microbiol. 10: 874-884.
58. Ramette, A., and J. Tiedje. 2007. Biogeography: an emerging cornerstone for understanding prokaryotic diversity, ecology, and evolution. Microb. Ecol. 53: 197-207.
59. Ravenschlag, K., K. Sahm, J. Pernthaler, and R. Amann. 1999. High bacterial diversity in permanently cold marine sediments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 3982-3989.
60. Santelli, C. M., B. N. Orcutt, E. Banning, W. Bach, C. L. Moyer, M. L. Sogin, H. Staudigel, and K. J. Edwards. 2008. Abundance and diversity of microbial life in ocean crust. Nature 453: 653-656.
61. Schloss, P. D., and J. Handelsman. 2005. Introducing DOTUR, a computer program for defining operational taxonomic units and estimating species richness. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 1501-1506.
62. Schloss, P. D., and J. Handelsman. 2006. Introducing SONS, a tool for operational taxonomic unit-based comparisons of microbial community memberships and structures. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 6773-6779.
63. Schrenk, M. O., D. S. Kelley, J. R. Delaney, and J. A. Baross. 2003. Incidence and diversity of microorganisms within the walls of an active deep-sea sulfide chimney. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 3580-3592.
64. Sievert, S. M., J. Kuever, and G. Muyzer. 2000. Identification of 16S ribosomal DNA-defined bacterial populations at a shallow submarine hydrothermal vent near Milos island (Greece). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 3102-3109.
65. Suzuki, Y., F. Inagaki, K. Takai, K. H. Nealson, and K. Horikoshi. 2004. Microbial diversity in inactive chimney structures from deep-sea hydrothermal systems. Microb. Ecol. 47: 186-196.
66. Tabatabai, M. A., and J. M. Bremner. 1969. Use of p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphatase activity. Soil Biol. Biochem. 1: 301-307.
67. 67. Takai, K., T. Gamo, U. Tsunogai, N. Nakayama, H. Hirayama, K. H. Nealson, and K. Horikoshi. 2004. Geochemical and microbiological evidence for a hydrogen-based, hyperthermophilic subsurface lithoautotrophic microbial ecosystem (HyperSLiME) beneath an active deep-sea hydrothermal field. Extremophiles 8: 269-282. (Pubitemid 40882688)
68. 68. Takai, K., and K. Horikoshi. 1999. Genetic diversity of archaea in deep-sea hydrothermal vent environments. Genetics 152: 1285-1297. (Pubitemid 29370312)
69. Takai, K., and K. Horikoshi. 2000. Rapid detection and quantification of members of the archaeal community by quantitative PCR using fluorogenic probes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 5066-5072.
70. Takai, K., T. Komatsu, F. Inagaki, and K. Horikoshi. 2001. Distribution of archaea in a black smoker chimney structure. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 3618-3629.
71. Takai, K., S. Nakagawa, A. L. Reysenbach, and J. Hoek. 2006. Microbial ecology of mid-ocean ridges and back-arc basins. Geophys. Monogr. 166: 185-213.
72. Takai, K., T. Nunoura, J. Ishibashi, J. Lupton, R. Suzuki, H. Hamasaki, Y. Ueno, S. Kawagucci, T. Gamo, and Y. Suzuki. 2008. Variability in the microbial communities and hydrothermal fluid chemistry at the newly discovered mariner hydrothermal field, southern Lau basin. J. Geophys. Res. 113:G02031. doi:10.1029/2007JG000636.
73. Takai, K., and Y. Sako. 1999. A molecular view of archaeal diversity in marine and terrestrial hot water environments. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 28: 177-188.
74. Takano, Y., Y. Edazawa, K. Kobayashi, T. Urabe, and K. Marumo. 2005. Evidence of sub-vent biosphere: enzymatic activities in 308°C deep-sea hydrothermal systems at Suiyo seamount, Izu-Bonin Arc, Western Pacific ocean. Earth Planetary Sci. Lett. 229: 193-203.
75. Takano, Y., H. Mori, T. Kaneko, Y. Ishikawa, K. Marumo, and K. Kobayashi. 2006. Phosphatase and microbial activity with biochemical indicators in semi-permafrost active layer sediments over the past 10,000 years. Appl. Geochem. 21: 48-57.
76. Teske, A., K.-U. Hinrichs, V. Edgcomb, A. de Vera Gomez, D. Kysela, S. P. Sylva, M. L. Sogin, and H. W. Jannasch. 2002. Microbial diversity of hydrothermal sediments in the Guaymas basin: evidence for anaerobic methanotrophic communities. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 1994-2007.
77. Thompson, J. D., D. G. Higgins, and T. J. Gibson. 1994. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 22: 4673-4680.
78. Tivey, M. K. 1995. The influence of hydrothermal fluid composition and advection rates on black smoker chimney mineralogy: insights from modeling transport and reaction. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59: 1933-1949.
79. Tivey, M. K., and R. E. McDuff. 1990. Mineral precipitation in the walls of black smoker chimneys: a quantitative model of transport and chemical reaction. J. Geophys. Res. 95: 12617-12637.
80. Urabe, T., J. Ishibashi, A. Maruyama, K. Marumo, N. Seama, and M. Utsumi. 2004. Discovery and drilling of on-and off-axis hydrothermal sites in backarc spreading center of southern Mariana Trough, Western Pacific. EOS Trans. AGU 85 Fall Meet. Suppl., abstr. V44A-03.
81. Vetriani, C., H. W. Jannasch, B. J. MacGregor, D. A. Stahl, and A.-L. Reysenbach. 1999. Population structure and phylogenetic characterization of marine benthic archaea in deep-sea sediments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 4375-4384.
82. Voordeckers, J., M. Do, M. Hügler, V. Ko, S. Sievert, and C. Vetriani. 2008. Culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Extremophiles 12: 627-640.
83. Wheat, C. G., P. Fryer, S. Hulme, N. Becker, A. Curtis, and C. Moyer. 2003. Hydrothermal venting in the southern most portion of the Mariana backarc spreading center at 12.57°N. EOS Trans. AGU 84 Fall Meet. Suppl., abstr. T32A-0920.