메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 60-200

Nonlinear refraction and absorption: Mechanisms and magnitudes

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 77950836324     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19438206     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AOP.2.000060     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (304)

References (270)
  • 3
    • 84943916196 scopus 로고
    • Perturbation theory of the non-linear optical polarization of an isolated system
    • B. J. Orr and J. F. Ward, "Perturbation theory of the non-linear optical polarization of an isolated system, " Mol. Phys. 20, 513-526 (1971).
    • (1971) Mol. Phys. , vol.20 , pp. 513-526
    • Orr, B.J.1    Ward, J.F.2
  • 4
    • 0001527964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fundamental limits on third-order molecular susceptibilities
    • M. G. Kuzyk, "Fundamental limits on third-order molecular susceptibilities, " Opt. Lett. 16, 1183-1185 (2000).
    • (2000) Opt. Lett. , vol.16 , pp. 1183-1185
    • Kuzyk, M.G.1
  • 5
    • 33749665763 scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear optical susceptibilities of epitaxially grown polydiacetylene measured by femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy
    • M. Yoshizawa, Y. Hattori, and T. Kobayashi, "Nonlinear optical susceptibilities of epitaxially grown polydiacetylene measured by femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy, " Phys. Rev. B 47, 3882-3889 (1993).
    • (1993) Phys. Rev. B , vol.47 , pp. 3882-3889
    • Yoshizawa, M.1    Hattori, Y.2    Kobayashi, T.3
  • 6
    • 3342949980 scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear refractive index of optical crystals
    • R. Adair, L. L. Chase, and R. A. Payne, "Nonlinear refractive index of optical crystals, " Phys. Rev. B 39, 3337-3350 (1989).
    • (1989) Phys. Rev. B , vol.39 , pp. 3337-3350
    • Adair, R.1    Chase, L.L.2    Payne, R.A.3
  • 8
    • 0030211603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infrared to ultraviolet measurements of two-photon absorption and n2 in wide bandgap solids
    • R. DeSalvo, A. Said, D. Hagan, and E. Van Stryland, "Infrared to ultraviolet measurements of two-photon absorption and n2 in wide bandgap solids, " IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 32, 1324-1333 (1996).
    • (1996) IEEE J. Quantum Electron. , vol.32 , pp. 1324-1333
    • DeSalvo, R.1    Said, A.2    Hagan, D.3    van Stryland, E.4
  • 13
    • 0035540768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nobel Lecture: Semiconducting and metallic polymers: The fourth generation of polymeric materials
    • A. J. Heeger, "Nobel Lecture: Semiconducting and metallic polymers: the fourth generation of polymeric materials, " Rev. Mod. Phys. 73, 681-700 (2001).
    • (2001) Rev. Mod. Phys. , vol.73 , pp. 681-700
    • Heeger, A.J.1
  • 15
    • 0017943235 scopus 로고
    • Solid-state polymerization of a diacetylene crystal: Thermal, ultraviolet, and X-ray polymerization of 2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-diol bis-(p-toluene sulfonate)
    • R. R. Chance and G. N. Patel, "Solid-state polymerization of a diacetylene crystal: thermal, ultraviolet, and X-ray polymerization of 2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-diol bis-(p-toluene sulfonate), " J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 16, 859-881 (1978).
    • (1978) J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. , vol.16 , pp. 859-881
    • Chance, R.R.1    Patel, G.N.2
  • 16
    • 0010160991 scopus 로고
    • Anisotropy of the third-order nonlinear-optical susceptibility in a degenerate-ground-state conjugated polymer: Trans-(CH)x
    • M. Sinclair, D. Moses, K. Agaki, and A. J. Heeger, "Anisotropy of the third-order nonlinear-optical susceptibility in a degenerate-ground-state conjugated polymer: trans-(CH)x, " Phys. Rev. B 38, 10724-10733 (1988).
    • (1988) Phys. Rev. B , vol.38 , pp. 10724-10733
    • Sinclair, M.1    Moses, D.2    Agaki, K.3    Heeger, A.J.4
  • 17
    • 4243971812 scopus 로고
    • Spectrum of χ(3)(-3ω;ω, ω, ω) in polyacetylene: An application of free-electron laser in nonlinear optical spectroscopy
    • W.-S. Fann, S. Benson, J. M. J. Madey, S. Etemad, G. L. Baker, and A. J. Heeger, "Spectrum of χ(3)(-3ω;ω, ω, ω) in polyacetylene: an application of free-electron laser in nonlinear optical spectroscopy, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 1492-1495 (1989).
    • (1989) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.62 , pp. 1492-1495
    • Fann, W.-S.1    Benson, S.2    Madey, J.M.J.3    Etemad, S.4    Baker, G.L.5    Heeger, A.J.6
  • 18
    • 0000395363 scopus 로고
    • Theory of evenparity state and two-photon spectra of conjugated polymers
    • P. C. M. McWilliams, G. W. Hayden, and Z. G. Soos, "Theory of evenparity state and two-photon spectra of conjugated polymers, " Phys. Rev. B 43, 9777-9791 (1991).
    • (1991) Phys. Rev. B , vol.43 , pp. 9777-9791
    • McWilliams, P.C.M.1    Hayden, G.W.2    Soos, Z.G.3
  • 19
    • 0026135825 scopus 로고
    • The cubic susceptibility dispersion of poly(4-BCMU) thin films: Third harmonic generation and two-photon-absorption measurements
    • W. E. Torruellas, K. B. Rochford, R. Zanoni, S. Aramaki, and G. I. Stegeman, "The cubic susceptibility dispersion of poly(4-BCMU) thin films: third harmonic generation and two-photon-absorption measurements, " Opt. Commun. 82, 94-100 (1991).
    • (1991) Opt. Commun. , vol.82 , pp. 94-100
    • Torruellas, W.E.1    Rochford, K.B.2    Zanoni, R.3    Aramaki, S.4    Stegeman, G.I.5
  • 21
    • 0000855551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twophoton saturation in the bandgap of a molecular quantum wire
    • W. E. Torruellas, B. L. Lawrence, G. I. Stegeman, and G. Baker, "Twophoton saturation in the bandgap of a molecular quantum wire, " Opt. Lett. 21, 1777-1779 (1996).
    • (1996) Opt. Lett. , vol.21 , pp. 1777-1779
    • Torruellas, W.E.1    Lawrence, B.L.2    Stegeman, G.I.3    Baker, G.4
  • 22
    • 2142808835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear refraction and multiphoton absorption in polydiacetylenes from 1200 to 2200 nm
    • S. Polyakov, F. Yoshino, M. Liu, and G. Stegeman, "Nonlinear refraction and multiphoton absorption in polydiacetylenes from 1200 to 2200 nm, " Phys. Rev. B 69, 115421 (2004).
    • (2004) Phys. Rev. B , vol.69 , pp. 115421
    • Polyakov, S.1    Yoshino, F.2    Liu, M.3    Stegeman, G.4
  • 23
    • 0029756736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear optical and electroabsorption spectra of polydiacetylene crystals and films
    • D. Mukhopadhyay and Z. G. Soos, "Nonlinear optical and electroabsorption spectra of polydiacetylene crystals and films, " J. Chem. Phys. 104, 1600-1610 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Chem. Phys. , vol.104 , pp. 1600-1610
    • Mukhopadhyay, D.1    Soos, Z.G.2
  • 25
    • 84893985816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MEH-PPV chloroform solution degenerated two photon absorption spectrum, proceedings of Encontro Nacional de Física da Matéria Condensada XXVI (ENFMC XXVI)
    • L. De Boni, L. S. Corrêa, D. T. Balogh, R. M. Faria, S. C. Zilio, L. Misoguti, and C. R. Mendonça, "MEH-PPV chloroform solution degenerated two photon absorption spectrum, " proceedings of Encontro Nacional de Física da Matéria Condensada XXVI (ENFMC XXVI), Ann. Opt. 5, 1-3 (2003).
    • (2003) Ann. Opt. , vol.5 , pp. 1-3
    • de Boni, L.1    Corrêa, L.S.2    Balogh, D.T.3    Faria, R.M.4    Zilio, S.C.5    Misoguti, L.6    Mendonça, C.R.7
  • 26
    • 84975582392 scopus 로고
    • Tuning the properties of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) for use in all-optical switching
    • A. Samoc, M. Samoc, M. Woodruff, and B. Luther-Davies, "Tuning the properties of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) for use in all-optical switching, " Opt. Lett. 20, 1241-3 (1995).
    • (1995) Opt. Lett. , vol.20 , pp. 1241-1243
    • Samoc, A.1    Samoc, M.2    Woodruff, M.3    Luther-Davies, B.4
  • 27
    • 0000549264 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of the solid-state phase transitions in the polydiacetylene, poly-4BCMU: Thermal, x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering studies
    • E.g., Z. Iqbalt, N. S. Murthyt, Y. P. Khannat, J. S. Szobotai, R. A. Dalterio, and F. J. Owens, "The mechanism of the solid-state phase transitions in the polydiacetylene, poly-4BCMU: thermal, x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering studies, " J. Phys. C 20 4283-4295 (1987).
    • (1987) J. Phys. C , vol.20 , pp. 4283-4295
    • Iqbalt, Z.1    Murthyt, N.S.2    Khannat, Y.P.3    Szobotai, J.S.4    Dalterio, R.A.5    Owens, F.J.6
  • 28
    • 84958372566 scopus 로고
    • Optical absorption and scattering losses of PTS and poly(4-BCMU) thin-film waveguides in the near infrared
    • W. Krug, E. Miao, M. Derstine, and J. Valera, "Optical absorption and scattering losses of PTS and poly(4-BCMU) thin-film waveguides in the near infrared, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 726-732 (1989).
    • (1989) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.6 , pp. 726-732
    • Krug, W.1    Miao, E.2    Derstine, M.3    Valera, J.4
  • 29
    • 33751403309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiphoton spectroscopy of polymers for all-optical switching
    • Reviewed in A. Bahtiar, K. Koynov, A. Kibrom, T. Ahn, and Chr. Bubeck, "Multiphoton spectroscopy of polymers for all-optical switching, " Proc. SPIE 6330, 63300C (2006).
    • (2006) Proc. SPIE , vol.6330
    • Bahtiar, A.1    Koynov, K.2    Kibrom, A.3    Ahn, T.4    Bubeck, C.5
  • 30
  • 31
    • 0003047121 scopus 로고
    • Coulomb correlations and two-photon spectra of conjugated polymers
    • Z. G. Soos, P. C. M. McWilliams, and G. W. Hayden, "Coulomb correlations and two-photon spectra of conjugated polymers, " Chem. Phys. Lett. 171, 14-18 (1990).
    • (1990) Chem. Phys. Lett. , vol.171 , pp. 14-18
    • Soos, Z.G.1    McWilliams, P.C.M.2    Hayden, G.W.3
  • 32
    • 0026907709 scopus 로고
    • Ultrafast relaxation in conjugated polymers with large optical nonlinearity
    • Reviewed in
    • Reviewed in T. Kobayashi, "Ultrafast relaxation in conjugated polymers with large optical nonlinearity, " Synth. Met. 49-50, 565-581 (1992).
    • (1992) Synth. Met. , vol.49-50 , pp. 565-581
    • Kobayashi, T.1
  • 33
    • 0022093612 scopus 로고
    • Intensity dependent index of refraction in organic materials
    • G. M. Carter, Y. J. Chen, and S. K. Tripathy, "Intensity dependent index of refraction in organic materials, " Opt. Eng. 24, 609-612 (1985).
    • (1985) Opt. Eng. , vol.24 , pp. 609-612
    • Carter, G.M.1    Chen, Y.J.2    Tripathy, S.K.3
  • 35
    • 36449006788 scopus 로고
    • The nonlinear optical spectrum of polydiacetylene in the near infrared
    • P. A. Gass, I. Abram, R. Raj, and M. Schott, "The nonlinear optical spectrum of polydiacetylene in the near infrared, " J. Chem. Phys. 100, 88-97 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Chem. Phys. , vol.100 , pp. 88-97
    • Gass, P.A.1    Abram, I.2    Raj, R.3    Schott, M.4
  • 36
    • 0009450407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-phase modulation in polydiacetylene single crystal measured at 720-1064 nm
    • A. K. Bhowmik and M. Thakur, "Self-phase modulation in polydiacetylene single crystal measured at 720-1064 nm, " Opt. Lett. 26, 902-904 (2001).
    • (2001) Opt. Lett. , vol.26 , pp. 902-904
    • Bhowmik, A.K.1    Thakur, M.2
  • 37
    • 0028423057 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of the nonlinear refractive index and two photon absorption coefficient of PTS at 1064 nm
    • B. L. Lawrence, M. Cha, W. E. Torruellas, G. I. Stegeman, S. Etemad, and G. Baker, "Measurement of the nonlinear refractive index and two photon absorption coefficient of PTS at 1064 nm, " Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 2773-2775 (1994).
    • (1994) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.64 , pp. 2773-2775
    • Lawrence, B.L.1    Cha, M.2    Torruellas, W.E.3    Stegeman, G.I.4    Etemad, S.5    Baker, G.6
  • 38
    • 0000203925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of the nonlinear refractive index of polydiacetylene using Michelson interferometry and z-scan
    • R. Quintero-Torres and M. Thakur, "Measurement of the nonlinear refractive index of polydiacetylene using Michelson interferometry and z-scan, " J. Appl. Phys. 85, 401-403 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.85 , pp. 401-403
    • Quintero-Torres, R.1    Thakur, M.2
  • 39
    • 0032597284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanoscale optical microscopy of conjugated polymer films
    • J. A. DeAro, U. Lemmer, D. Moses, and S. K. Buratto, "Nanoscale optical microscopy of conjugated polymer films, " Synth. Met. 101, 300-301 (1999).
    • (1999) Synth. Met. , vol.101 , pp. 300-301
    • DeAro, J.A.1    Lemmer, U.2    Moses, D.3    Buratto, S.K.4
  • 40
    • 0032597123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polarization dependence of the photoconductivity of stretchoriented poly(p-phenylenevinylene) films
    • C. H. Lee, J. Y. Park, Y. W. Park, D. Moses, A. J. Heeger, T. Noguchid, and T. Ohnishid, "Polarization dependence of the photoconductivity of stretchoriented poly(p-phenylenevinylene) films, " Synth. Met. 101, 444-445 (1999).
    • (1999) Synth. Met. , vol.101 , pp. 444-445
    • Lee, C.H.1    Park, J.Y.2    Park, Y.W.3    Moses, D.4    Heeger, A.J.5    Noguchid, T.6    Ohnishid, T.7
  • 41
    • 0033870642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two-photon and one-photon resonant third-order nonlinear optical properties of >-conjugated polymers
    • M. Samoc, A. Samoc, and B. Luther-Davies, "Two-photon and one-photon resonant third-order nonlinear optical properties of >-conjugated polymers, " Synth. Met. 109, 79-83 (2000).
    • (2000) Synth. Met. , vol.109 , pp. 79-83
    • Samoc, M.1    Samoc, A.2    Luther-Davies, B.3
  • 42
    • 0030230463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The concept of guiding light with light and negative third-order optical nonlinearities of organics
    • M. Samoc, A. Samoc, B. Luther-Davies, and M. Woodruff, "The concept of guiding light with light and negative third-order optical nonlinearities of organics, " J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt. 5, 681-687 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt. , vol.5 , pp. 681-687
    • Samoc, M.1    Samoc, A.2    Luther-Davies, B.3    Woodruff, M.4
  • 43
    • 0031998501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Femtosecond Z-scan and degenerate four-wave mixing measurements of real and imaginary parts of the third-order nonlinearity of soluble conjugated polymers
    • M. Samoc, A. Samoc, B. Luther-Davies, Z. Bao, L. Yu, B. Hsieh, and U. Scherf, "Femtosecond Z-scan and degenerate four-wave mixing measurements of real and imaginary parts of the third-order nonlinearity of soluble conjugated polymers, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 817-825 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.15 , pp. 817-825
    • Samoc, M.1    Samoc, A.2    Luther-Davies, B.3    Bao, Z.4    Yu, L.5    Hsieh, B.6    Scherf, U.7
  • 44
    • 0010271545 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of nonlinear refractive index and transmission in polydiacetylene waveguides at 1.319 pm
    • K. Rochford, R. Zanoni, G. I. Stegeman, W. Krug, E. Miao, and M. W. Beranek, "Measurement of nonlinear refractive index and transmission in polydiacetylene waveguides at 1.319 pm, " Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 13-15 (1991).
    • (1991) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.58 , pp. 13-15
    • Rochford, K.1    Zanoni, R.2    Stegeman, G.I.3    Krug, W.4    Miao, E.5    Beranek, M.W.6
  • 45
    • 0010252243 scopus 로고
    • Real and imaginary components of the third-order nonlinearity of polyaniline dodecylbenzenesulfonic salt
    • M. Samoc, A. Samoc, B. Luther-Davies, J. Swiatkiewicz, C. Q. Jin, and J. W. White, "Real and imaginary components of the third-order nonlinearity of polyaniline dodecylbenzenesulfonic salt, " Opt. Lett. 20, 2478-2480 (1995).
    • (1995) Opt. Lett. , vol.20 , pp. 2478-2480
    • Samoc, M.1    Samoc, A.2    Luther-Davies, B.3    Swiatkiewicz, J.4    Jin, C.Q.5    White, J.W.6
  • 46
    • 0032286010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectrally resolved third-order nonlinearities in polydiacetylene microcrystals: Influence of particle size
    • R. Rangel-Rojo, S. Yamada, H. Matsuda, H. Kasai, H. Nakanishi, A. K. Kar, and B. S. Wherrett, "Spectrally resolved third-order nonlinearities in polydiacetylene microcrystals: influence of particle size, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 2937-2945 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.15 , pp. 2937-2945
    • Rangel-Rojo, R.1    Yamada, S.2    Matsuda, H.3    Kasai, H.4    Nakanishi, H.5    Kar, A.K.6    Wherrett, B.S.7
  • 47
    • 42549117685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and nonlinear optical properties of nanometer-size silver-coated polydiacetylene composite vesicles
    • X. Chen, G. Zou, Y. Deng, and Q. Zhang, "Synthesis and nonlinear optical properties of nanometer-size silver-coated polydiacetylene composite vesicles, " Nanotechnology 19, 195703 (2008).
    • (2008) Nanotechnology , vol.19 , pp. 195703
    • Chen, X.1    Zou, G.2    Deng, Y.3    Zhang, Q.4
  • 48
    • 0347741427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of new two-photon absorbing fluorene derivatives via Cu-mediated Ullmann condensations
    • K. D. Belfield, K. J. Schafer, W. Mourad, and B. A. Reinhardt, "Synthesis of new two-photon absorbing fluorene derivatives via Cu-mediated Ullmann condensations, " J. Org. Chem. 65, 4475-4481 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Org. Chem. , vol.65 , pp. 4475-4481
    • Belfield, K.D.1    Schafer, K.J.2    Mourad, W.3    Reinhardt, B.A.4
  • 49
    • 0041706787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonresonant femtosecond second hyperpolarizabilities of intramolecular charge-transfer molecules with great excited-and groundstate dipole-moment differences
    • M. Yamashita, S. Kikuma, Y. Yamaoka, H. Murakami, R. Morita, and H. Shigekawa, "Nonresonant femtosecond second hyperpolarizabilities of intramolecular charge-transfer molecules with great excited-and groundstate dipole-moment differences, " Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 28-30 (1999).
    • (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.75 , pp. 28-30
    • Yamashita, M.1    Kikuma, S.2    Yamaoka, Y.3    Murakami, H.4    Morita, R.5    Shigekawa, H.6
  • 50
    • 0000963221 scopus 로고
    • Relation between bond-length alternation and second electronic hyperpolarizability of conjugated organic molecules
    • Chr. B. Gorman and S. R. Marder, "An investigation of the interrelationships between linear and nonlinear polarizabilities and bond-length alternation in conjugated organic molecules, " 90, 11297-11301 (1993)
    • For example, S. R. Marder, S. W. Perry, G. Bourhill, C. B. Gorman, B. G. Tiemann, and K. Mansour, "Relation between bond-length alternation and second electronic hyperpolarizability of conjugated organic molecules, " Science 261, 186-189 (1993); Chr. B. Gorman and S. R. Marder, "An investigation of the interrelationships between linear and nonlinear polarizabilities and bond-length alternation in conjugated organic molecules, " 90, 11297-11301 (1993).
    • (1993) Science , vol.261 , pp. 186-189
    • Marder, S.R.1    Perry, S.W.2    Bourhill, G.3    Gorman, C.B.4    Tiemann, B.G.5    Mansour, K.6
  • 51
    • 0028548035 scopus 로고
    • Valence-bond chargetransfer model for nonlinear optical properties of charge-transfer organic molecules
    • D. Lu, G. Chen, J.W. Perry, andW. A. Goddard III, "Valence-bond chargetransfer model for nonlinear optical properties of charge-transfer organic molecules, " J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 10679-10685 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.116 , pp. 10679-10685
    • Lu, D.1    Chen, G.2    Perry, J.W.3    Goddard III, W.A.4
  • 52
    • 84891288419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear optical properties of organic materials
    • Reviewed in in T. J. J. Muller and U. H. F. Bunz, eds. (Wiley), Chap. 11
    • Reviewed in S. Barlow and S. R. Marder, "Nonlinear optical properties of organic materials, " in Functional Organic Materials: Syntheses, Strategies and Applications, T. J. J. Muller and U. H. F. Bunz, eds. (Wiley, 2007), Chap. 11.
    • (2007) Functional Organic Materials: Syntheses, Strategies and Applications
    • Barlow, S.1    Marder, S.R.2
  • 53
    • 54749127850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organic and polymeric 3rd-order nonlinear optical materials and device applications
    • Reviewed in in S.-S. Sun and L. Dalton, eds. (CRC Press), Chap. 17
    • Reviewed in J. M. Hales and J.W. Perry, "Organic and polymeric 3rd-order nonlinear optical materials and device applications, " in Introduction to Organic Electronic and Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, S.-S. Sun and L. Dalton, eds. (CRC Press, 2008), Chap. 17.
    • (2008) Introduction to Organic Electronic and Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
    • Hales, J.M.1    Perry, J.W.2
  • 54
    • 0032599653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and fabrication of electro-optic polymer modulators and switches
    • See, for example
    • See, for example, R. M. de Ridder, A. Driessen, E. Rikkers, P. V. Lambeck, and M. B. J. Diemeer, "Design and fabrication of electro-optic polymer modulators and switches, " Opt. Mater. 12, 205-214 (1999).
    • (1999) Opt. Mater. , vol.12 , pp. 205-214
    • de Ridder, R.M.1    Driessen, A.2    Rikkers, E.3    Lambeck, P.V.4    Diemeer, M.B.J.5
  • 57
  • 58
    • 84975562575 scopus 로고
    • Intensity-dependent birefringence in nonlinear organic polymer waveguides
    • M. J. Goodwin, C. Edge, C. Trundle, and I. Bennion, "Intensity-dependent birefringence in nonlinear organic polymer waveguides, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 5, 419-424 (1988).
    • (1988) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.5 , pp. 419-424
    • Goodwin, M.J.1    Edge, C.2    Trundle, C.3    Bennion, I.4
  • 59
    • 21844525606 scopus 로고
    • Highly efficient ultrafast optical Kerr shutters with the use of organic nonlinear materials
    • H. Kanbara, H. Kobayashi, and T. Kaino, "Highly efficient ultrafast optical Kerr shutters with the use of organic nonlinear materials, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11, 2216-2223 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.11 , pp. 2216-2223
    • Kanbara, H.1    Kobayashi, H.2    Kaino, T.3
  • 61
    • 0032331468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of the nonlinear optical properties of squaraine dyes in poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer
    • K. S. Mathis, M. G. Kuzyk, C. W. Dirk, A. Tan, S. Martinez, and G. Gampos, "Mechanisms of the nonlinear optical properties of squaraine dyes in poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 871-883 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.15 , pp. 871-883
    • Mathis, K.S.1    Kuzyk, M.G.2    Dirk, C.W.3    Tan, A.4    Martinez, S.5    Gampos, G.6
  • 62
    • 0001574213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sagnac interferometric intensity-dependent refractive-index measurements of polymer optical fiber
    • D. W. Garvey, Q. Li, M. G. Kuzyk, C. W. Dirk, and S. Martinez, "Sagnac interferometric intensity-dependent refractive-index measurements of polymer optical fiber, " Opt. Lett. 21, 104-106 (1996).
    • (1996) Opt. Lett. , vol.21 , pp. 104-106
    • Garvey, D.W.1    Li, Q.2    Kuzyk, M.G.3    Dirk, C.W.4    Martinez, S.5
  • 63
    • 36449003636 scopus 로고
    • Guest-host polymer fibers for nonlinear optics
    • M. G. Kuzyk, U. C. Paek, and C. W. Dirk, "Guest-host polymer fibers for nonlinear optics, " Appl. Phys. Lett. 59, 902-904 (1991).
    • (1991) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.59 , pp. 902-904
    • Kuzyk, M.G.1    Paek, U.C.2    Dirk, C.W.3
  • 65
    • 33748338133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bisdioxaborine polymethines with large third-order nonlinearities for all-optical signal processing
    • J. M. Hales, S. Zheng, S. Barlow, S. R. Marder, and J. W. Perry, "Bisdioxaborine polymethines with large third-order nonlinearities for all-optical signal processing, " J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 11362-11363 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.128 , pp. 11362-11363
    • Hales, J.M.1    Zheng, S.2    Barlow, S.3    Marder, S.R.4    Perry, J.W.5
  • 66
    • 0035800365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional dendrimers for nonlinear optics
    • H. Ma and A. K.-Y. Jen, "Functional dendrimers for nonlinear optics, " Adv. Mater. 13, 1201-1205 (2001).
    • (2001) Adv. Mater. , vol.13 , pp. 1201-1205
    • Ma, H.1    Jen, A.K.-Y.2
  • 68
    • 0000547999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperative enhancement of two-photon absorption in multibranched structures
    • S. J. Chung, K. S. Kim, T. C. Lin, G. S. He, J. Swiatkiewicz, and P. N. Prasad, "Cooperative enhancement of two-photon absorption in multibranched structures, " J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 10741-10745 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.103 , pp. 10741-10745
    • Chung, S.J.1    Kim, K.S.2    Lin, T.C.3    He, G.S.4    Swiatkiewicz, J.5    Prasad, P.N.6
  • 69
    • 0000939416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large nonlinear refraction and higher order nonlinear optical effects in a novel organic dendrimer
    • O. Varnavski, A. Leanov, L. Liu, J. Takacs, and T. Goodson, "Large nonlinear refraction and higher order nonlinear optical effects in a novel organic dendrimer, " J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 179-188 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.104 , pp. 179-188
    • Varnavski, O.1    Leanov, A.2    Liu, L.3    Takacs, J.4    Goodson, T.5
  • 73
    • 34249843720 scopus 로고
    • Direct measurements of nonlinear absorption and refraction in solutions of phthalocyanines
    • T. H. Wei, D. J. Hagan, M. J. Sence, E. W. Van Stryland, J. W. Perry, and D. R. Coulter, "Direct measurements of nonlinear absorption and refraction in solutions of phthalocyanines, " Appl. Phys. B 54, 46-51 (1992).
    • (1992) Appl. Phys. B , vol.54 , pp. 46-51
    • Wei, T.H.1    Hagan, D.J.2    Sence, M.J.3    van Stryland, E.W.4    Perry, J.W.5    Coulter, D.R.6
  • 74
    • 0342922940 scopus 로고
    • Two-photon spectroscopy
    • For example, in F. T. Arecchi and E. O. Schulz-Dubois, eds. (North Holland,)
    • For example, J. Worlock, "Two-photon spectroscopy, " in Laser Handbook, F. T. Arecchi and E. O. Schulz-Dubois, eds. (North Holland,1972), Vol. 2, pp. 1323-1369.
    • (1972) Laser Handbook , vol.2 , pp. 1323-1369
    • Worlock, J.1
  • 75
    • 0022161843 scopus 로고
    • Reverse saturable absorption in tetraphenylporphyrins
    • W. Blau, H. Byrne, W. M. Dennis, and J. M. Kelly, "Reverse saturable absorption in tetraphenylporphyrins, " Opt. Commun. 56, 25-29 (1986).
    • (1986) Opt. Commun. , vol.56 , pp. 25-29
    • Blau, W.1    Byrne, H.2    Dennis, W.M.3    Kelly, J.M.4
  • 76
    • 0031166233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of optical limiting devices based on excited-state absorption
    • T. Xia, D. Hagan, A. Dogariu, A. Said, and E. Van Stryland, "Optimization of optical limiting devices based on excited-state absorption, " Appl. Opt. 36, 4110-4122 (1997).
    • (1997) Appl. Opt. , vol.36 , pp. 4110-4122
    • Xia, T.1    Hagan, D.2    Dogariu, A.3    Said, A.4    van Stryland, E.5
  • 77
    • 6144247312 scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear absorption of light: Optical saturation of electronic transitions in organic molecules with high intensity laser radiation
    • C. Giuliano and L. Hess, "Nonlinear absorption of light: optical saturation of electronic transitions in organic molecules with high intensity laser radiation, " IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 3, 358-367 (1967).
    • (1967) IEEE J. Quantum Electron. , vol.3 , pp. 358-367
    • Giuliano, C.1    Hess, L.2
  • 78
    • 0004708738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear light absorption of polymethine dyes in liquid and solid media
    • O. V. Przhonska, J. Lim, D. Hagan, and E. Van Stryland, "Nonlinear light absorption of polymethine dyes in liquid and solid media, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 802-809 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.15 , pp. 802-809
    • Przhonska, O.V.1    Lim, J.2    Hagan, D.3    van Stryland, E.4
  • 79
    • 0041450557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Picosecond optical limiting in reverse saturable absorbers: A theoretical and experimental study
    • R. Lepkowicz, A. Kobyakov, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, "Picosecond optical limiting in reverse saturable absorbers: a theoretical and experimental study, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19, 94-101 2002.
    • (2002) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.19 , pp. 94-101
    • Lepkowicz, R.1    Kobyakov, A.2    Hagan, D.J.3    van Stryland, E.W.4
  • 81
    • 84873133143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Answers. com
    • Answers. com, http://www.answers.com/topic/glass.
  • 82
    • 0003398364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discussed in 3rd ed., Optics and Photonics Series, P. L. Kelley, I. P. Kaminow, and G. P. Agrawal, eds. (Academic)
    • Discussed in G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 3rd ed., Optics and Photonics Series, P. L. Kelley, I. P. Kaminow, and G. P. Agrawal, eds. (Academic, 2001).
    • (2001) Nonlinear Fiber Optics
    • Agrawal, G.P.1
  • 83
    • 11244308195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precise and absolute measurements of the complex third-order optical susceptibility
    • S. Santran, L. Canioni, L. Sarge, Th. Cardinal, and E. Fargin, "Precise and absolute measurements of the complex third-order optical susceptibility, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 21, 2180-2190 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.21 , pp. 2180-2190
    • Santran, S.1    Canioni, L.2    Sarge, L.3    Cardinal, T.4    Fargin, E.5
  • 85
    • 84975564582 scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear refractive-index measurements of glasses using three-wave frequency mixing
    • R. Adair, L. L. Chase, and S. A. Payne, "Nonlinear refractive-index measurements of glasses using three-wave frequency mixing, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 4, 875-881 (1987).
    • (1987) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.4 , pp. 875-881
    • Adair, R.1    Chase, L.L.2    Payne, S.A.3
  • 86
    • 0023670516 scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear optical glasses for ultrafast optical switches
    • S. R. Friberg and P. W. Smith, "Nonlinear optical glasses for ultrafast optical switches, " IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-23, 2089-2094 (1987).
    • (1987) IEEE J. Quantum Electron. , vol.QE-23 , pp. 2089-2094
    • Friberg, S.R.1    Smith, P.W.2
  • 87
    • 84975567737 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced-nonlinearity single-mode lead silicate optical fiber
    • M. A. Newhouse, D. L. Weidman, and D. W. Hall, "Enhanced-nonlinearity single-mode lead silicate optical fiber, " Opt. Lett. 15, 1185-1187 (1990).
    • (1990) Opt. Lett. , vol.15 , pp. 1185-1187
    • Newhouse, M.A.1    Weidman, D.L.2    Hall, D.W.3
  • 88
    • 0034405062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Femtosecond optical Kerr effect measurements in silicate glasses
    • J. E. Aber, M. C. Newstein, and B. A. Garetz, "Femtosecond optical Kerr effect measurements in silicate glasses, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17, 120-127 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.17 , pp. 120-127
    • Aber, J.E.1    Newstein, M.C.2    Garetz, B.A.3
  • 89
    • 0031549969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlations between structural properties of Nb2-O5-NaPO3-Na2B407 glasses and non-linear optical activities
    • T. Cardinal, E. Fargin, G. Le Flem, and S. Leboiteux, "Correlations between structural properties of Nb2-O5-NaPO3-Na2B407 glasses and non-linear optical activities, " J. Non-Cryst. Solids 222, 228-234 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Non-Cryst. Solids , vol.222 , pp. 228-234
    • Cardinal, T.1    Fargin, E.2    Le Flem, G.3    Leboiteux, S.4
  • 92
    • 0001728109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear optical properties of chalcogenide glass fibers and their application to all-optical switching
    • M. Asobe, "Nonlinear optical properties of chalcogenide glass fibers and their application to all-optical switching, " Opt. Fiber Technol. 3, 142-148 (1997).
    • (1997) Opt. Fiber Technol. , vol.3 , pp. 142-148
    • Asobe, M.1
  • 95
    • 0034274374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-linear optical properties of chalcogenide glasses measured by Z-scan
    • F. Smektala, C. Quemard, V. Couderc, and A. Barthelemy, "Non-linear optical properties of chalcogenide glasses measured by Z-scan, " J. Non-Cryst. Solids 274, 232-237 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Non-Cryst. Solids , vol.274 , pp. 232-237
    • Smektala, F.1    Quemard, C.2    Couderc, V.3    Barthelemy, A.4
  • 97
    • 33646674682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispersion in nonlinear figure of merit of As2Se3 chalcogenide fibre
    • H. C. Nguyen, K. Finsterbusch, D. J. Moss, and B. J. Eggleton, "Dispersion in nonlinear figure of merit of As2Se3 chalcogenide fibre, " Electron. Lett. 42, 571-572 (2006).
    • (2006) Electron. Lett. , vol.42 , pp. 571-572
    • Nguyen, H.C.1    Finsterbusch, K.2    Moss, D.J.3    Eggleton, B.J.4
  • 98
    • 0018003470 scopus 로고
    • Emperical relations for predicting nonlinear refractive index changes in optical solids
    • N. L. Boling, A. J. Glass, and A. Owyoung, "Emperical relations for predicting nonlinear refractive index changes in optical solids, " IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-14, 601-608 (1978).
    • (1978) IEEE J. Quantum Electron. , vol.QE-14 , pp. 601-608
    • Boling, N.L.1    Glass, A.J.2    Owyoung, A.3
  • 100
    • 77956706428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical nonlinearities in the transparency region of bulk semiconductors
    • in I, E. Garmire and A. Kost, eds. (Academic), Chap. 4
    • M. Sheik-Bahae, "Optical nonlinearities in the transparency region of bulk semiconductors, " in Nonlinear Optics in Semiconductors I, E. Garmire and A. Kost, eds. (Academic, 1999), Chap. 4, pp 257-318.
    • (1999) Nonlinear Optics in Semiconductors , pp. 257-318
    • Sheik-Bahae, M.1
  • 102
    • 0036507537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dimensional systems: Quantum size effects and electronic properties of semiconductor microcrystallites (zero-dimensional systems) and some quasi-two-dimensional systems
    • A. D. Yoffe, "Low-dimensional systems: quantum size effects and electronic properties of semiconductor microcrystallites (zero-dimensional systems) and some quasi-two-dimensional systems, " Adv. Phys. 51, 799-890 (2002).
    • (2002) Adv. Phys. , vol.51 , pp. 799-890
    • Yoffe, A.D.1
  • 103
    • 0001611361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probing ultrafast carrier and phonon dynamics in semiconductors
    • Reviewed by
    • Reviewed by A. Othonos, "Probing ultrafast carrier and phonon dynamics in semiconductors, " J. Appl. Phys. 83, 1789-1830 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.83 , pp. 1789-1830
    • Othonos, A.1
  • 104
    • 0141868909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of semiconductor optical amplifier: Modeling and applications
    • Reviewed by (July)
    • Reviewed by J. Mørk, M. L. Nielsen, and T. W. Berg, "The dynamics of semiconductor optical amplifier: modeling and applications, " Opt. Photonics News 14(7), 42-48 (July 2003).
    • (2003) Opt. Photonics News , vol.14 , Issue.7 , pp. 42-48
    • Mørk, J.1    Nielsen, M.L.2    Berg, T.W.3
  • 105
    • 0031268154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semiconductor laser amplifiers for ultrafast all-optical signal processing
    • Reviewed in
    • Reviewed in R. J. Manning, A. D. Ellis, A. J. Poustie, and K. J. Blow, "Semiconductor laser amplifiers for ultrafast all-optical signal processing, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 3204-3216 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.14 , pp. 3204-3216
    • Manning, R.J.1    Ellis, A.D.2    Poustie, A.J.3    Blow, K.J.4
  • 106
    • 0030213534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory of the ultrafast optical response of active semiconductor waveguides
    • J. Mørk and A. Mecozzi, "Theory of the ultrafast optical response of active semiconductor waveguides, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 13, 1803-1815 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.13 , pp. 1803-1815
    • Mørk, J.1    Mecozzi, A.2
  • 107
    • 0043118933 scopus 로고
    • 130 ps recovery of all-optical switching in a GaAs multiquantum well directional coupler
    • P. LiKamWa, A. Miller, J. S. Roberts, and P. N. Robson, "130 ps recovery of all-optical switching in a GaAs multiquantum well directional coupler, " Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 2055-2057 (1991).
    • (1991) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.58 , pp. 2055-2057
    • LiKamWa, P.1    Miller, A.2    Roberts, J.S.3    Robson, P.N.4
  • 109
    • 27344436266 scopus 로고
    • A simple theory for the effects of plasma screening on the optical spectra of highly excited semiconductors
    • L. Banyai and S. W. Koch, "A simple theory for the effects of plasma screening on the optical spectra of highly excited semiconductors, " Z. Phys. B 63, 283-291 (1986).
    • (1986) Z. Phys. B , vol.63 , pp. 283-291
    • Banyai, L.1    Koch, S.W.2
  • 110
    • 0005486798 scopus 로고
    • Quantum theory of freeelectron dielectric constant in semiconductors
    • A. G. Aronov, D. E. Pikus, and D. Shekhter, "Quantum theory of freeelectron dielectric constant in semiconductors, " Sov. Phys. Solid State 10, 645-647 (1968).
    • (1968) Sov. Phys. Solid State , vol.10 , pp. 645-647
    • Aronov, A.G.1    Pikus, D.E.2    Shekhter, D.3
  • 112
    • 0011109844 scopus 로고
    • Band-gap resonant nonlinear refraction in III-V semiconductors
    • D. A. B. Miller, C. T. Seaton, M. E. Prise, and S. D. Smith, "Band-gap resonant nonlinear refraction in III-V semiconductors, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 197-200 (1981).
    • (1981) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.47 , pp. 197-200
    • Miller, D.A.B.1    Seaton, C.T.2    Prise, M.E.3    Smith, S.D.4
  • 114
    • 0019073748 scopus 로고
    • Theory of intensity dependence of refractive index
    • T. S. Moss, "Theory of intensity dependence of refractive index, " Phys. Status Solidi B 101, 555-561 (1980).
    • (1980) Phys. Status Solidi B , vol.101 , pp. 555-561
    • Moss, T.S.1
  • 115
    • 2842573277 scopus 로고
    • Band structure of narrow gap semiconductors
    • in of Lecture Notes in Physics, W. Zawadski, ed. (Springer Verlag)
    • E. O. Kane, "Band structure of narrow gap semiconductors, " in Narrow Gap Semiconductors Physics and Applications, Vol. 133 of Lecture Notes in Physics, W. Zawadski, ed. (Springer Verlag, 1980), pp. 13-31.
    • (1980) Narrow Gap Semiconductors Physics and Applications , vol.133 , pp. 13-31
    • Kane, E.O.1
  • 116
    • 0039544930 scopus 로고
    • Optical absorption in pure single crystal InSb at 298° and 78°K
    • J. W. Kurnick and J. M. Powell, "Optical absorption in pure single crystal InSb at 298° and 78°K, " Phys. Rev. 116, 597-604 (1959).
    • (1959) Phys. Rev. , vol.116 , pp. 597-604
    • Kurnick, J.W.1    Powell, J.M.2
  • 117
    • 0035312896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical nonlinearities and photoexcited carrier lifetime in CdS at 532 nm
    • H. P. Li, C. H. Kam, Y. L. Lam, W. Ji, "Optical nonlinearities and photoexcited carrier lifetime in CdS at 532 nm, " Opt. Commun. 190, 351-356 (2001).
    • (2001) Opt. Commun. , vol.190 , pp. 351-356
    • Li, H.P.1    Kam, C.H.2    Lam, Y.L.3    Ji, W.4
  • 118
    • 0031536415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of optical nonlinearities and carrier lifetime in ZnO
    • X. J. Zhang, W. Ji, and S. H. Tang, "Determination of optical nonlinearities and carrier lifetime in ZnO, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 1951-1955 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.14 , pp. 1951-1955
    • Zhang, X.J.1    Ji, W.2    Tang, S.H.3
  • 119
    • 42649094437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large nonlinear refraction in InSb at 10 μm and the effects of Auger recombination
    • Note: a range of values is given, since here Boltzmann statistics do not hold and the cross section becomes density dependent
    • V. Dubikovskiy, D. J. Hagan, and E.W. Van Stryland, "Large nonlinear refraction in InSb at 10 μm and the effects of Auger recombination, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 25, 223-235 (2008). Note: a range of values is given, since here Boltzmann statistics do not hold and the cross section becomes density dependent.
    • (2008) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.25 , pp. 223-235
    • Dubikovskiy, V.1    Hagan, D.J.2    van Stryland, E.W.3
  • 120
    • 0021461528 scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear-optical energy regulation by nonlinear refraction and absorption in silicon
    • T. Boggess, S. Moss, I. Boyd, and A. Smirl, "Nonlinear-optical energy regulation by nonlinear refraction and absorption in silicon, " Opt. Lett. 9, 291-293 (1984).
    • (1984) Opt. Lett. , vol.9 , pp. 291-293
    • Boggess, T.1    Moss, S.2    Boyd, I.3    Smirl, A.4
  • 121
    • 0013532679 scopus 로고
    • Semiconductor nonlinear properties
    • in H.M. Gibbs, G. Khitrova, and N. Peyghamberian, eds., of Springer Series in Electronics and Photonics, D. H. Auson, W. Engl, and T. Sugnao, eds. (Springer-Verlag), Chap. 2
    • N. Peyghamberian and S.W. Koch, "Semiconductor nonlinear properties, " in Nonlinear Photonics, H.M. Gibbs, G. Khitrova, and N. Peyghamberian, eds., Vol. 30 of Springer Series in Electronics and Photonics, D. H. Auson, W. Engl, and T. Sugnao, eds. (Springer-Verlag, 1990), Chap. 2, pp 7-60.
    • (1990) Nonlinear Photonics , vol.30 , pp. 7-60
    • Peyghamberian, N.1    Koch, S.W.2
  • 122
    • 0005302322 scopus 로고
    • Ultrafast nonlinearities in semiconductor laser amplifiers
    • M. Sheik-Bahae and E.W. Van Stryland, "Ultrafast nonlinearities in semiconductor laser amplifiers, " Phys. Rev. B 50, 171-178 (1994).
    • (1994) Phys. Rev. B , vol.50 , pp. 171-178
    • Sheik-Bahae, M.1    van Stryland, E.W.2
  • 124
    • 84975655918 scopus 로고
    • Nondegenerate two-photon absorption in zinc-blende semiconductors
    • D. C. Hutchings and E. W. Van Stryland, "Nondegenerate two-photon absorption in zinc-blende semiconductors, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9, 2065-2074 (1992).
    • (1992) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.9 , pp. 2065-2074
    • Hutchings, D.C.1    van Stryland, E.W.2
  • 126
    • 0021388313 scopus 로고
    • Scaling rules for multiphoton interband absorption in semiconductors
    • B. S. Wherrett, "Scaling rules for multiphoton interband absorption in semiconductors, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 1, 67-72 (1984).
    • (1984) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.1 , pp. 67-72
    • Wherrett, B.S.1
  • 129
    • 33745161443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-phase-modulation in submicron silicon-on insulator photonic wires
    • E. Dulkeith, Y. A. Vlasov, X. Chen, N. C. Panoiu, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., "Self-phase-modulation in submicron silicon-on insulator photonic wires, " Opt. Express 14, 5324-5334 (2006).
    • (2006) Opt. Express , vol.14 , pp. 5324-5334
    • Dulkeith, E.1    Vlasov, Y.A.2    Chen, X.3    Panoiu, N.C.4    Osgood Jr., R.M.5
  • 130
    • 0000102705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selforganized GaAs quantum-wire lasers grown on B-oriented GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy
    • M. Higashiwaki, S. Shimomura, S. Hiyamizu, and S. Ikawa, "Selforganized GaAs quantum-wire lasers grown on B-oriented GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy, " Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 780-782 (1999).
    • (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.74 , pp. 780-782
    • Higashiwaki, M.1    Shimomura, S.2    Hiyamizu, S.3    Ikawa, S.4
  • 131
    • 0032069191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear optical properties of semiconductor nanocrystals
    • G. P. Banfi, V. Degiorgio, and D. Ricard, "Nonlinear optical properties of semiconductor nanocrystals, " Adv. Phys. 47, 447-510 (1998).
    • (1998) Adv. Phys. , vol.47 , pp. 447-510
    • Banfi, G.P.1    Degiorgio, V.2    Ricard, D.3
  • 132
    • 0029291374 scopus 로고
    • Pump/probe Z-scan studies of GaAs nanocrystals grown in porous glass
    • M. D. Dvorak, B. L. Justus and A. D. Berry, "Pump/probe Z-scan studies of GaAs nanocrystals grown in porous glass, " Opt. Commun. 116, 149-152 (1995).
    • (1995) Opt. Commun. , vol.116 , pp. 149-152
    • Dvorak, M.D.1    Justus, B.L.2    Berry, A.D.3
  • 133
    • 0000856358 scopus 로고
    • Quantum states of confined carriers in very thin AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures
    • R. Dingle, W. Wiegmann, and C. H. Henry, "Quantum states of confined carriers in very thin AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 33, 827-830 (1974).
    • (1974) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.33 , pp. 827-830
    • Dingle, R.1    Wiegmann, W.2    Henry, C.H.3
  • 134
    • 3142716802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • InGaAs/GaAs quantum well circular ring lasers fabricated by laser direct writing and pulsed anodic oxidation
    • For example, C. Y. Liu and S. Yuan, "InGaAs/GaAs quantum well circular ring lasers fabricated by laser direct writing and pulsed anodic oxidation, " J. Cryst. Growth 268, 364-368 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Cryst. Growth , vol.268 , pp. 364-368
    • Liu, C.Y.1    Yuan, S.2
  • 135
    • 0034514377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular beam epitaxy of GaN/AlxGa1-xN superlattices for 1.52-4.2 μm intersubband transitions
    • For example, H. M. Ng, C. Gmachl, S. N. G. Chu, and A. Y. Cho, "Molecular beam epitaxy of GaN/AlxGa1-xN superlattices for 1.52-4.2 μm intersubband transitions, " J. Cryst. Growth 220, 432-438 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Cryst. Growth , vol.220 , pp. 432-438
    • Ng, H.M.1    Gmachl, C.2    Chu, S.N.G.3    Cho, A.Y.4
  • 136
    • 0347015947 scopus 로고
    • Linear and nonlinear optical properties of semiconductor quantum wells
    • For example, reviewed in S. Schmitt-Rink, D. S. Chemla, and D. A. B. Miller, "Linear and nonlinear optical properties of semiconductor quantum wells, " Adv. Phys. 38, 89-188 (1989).
    • (1989) Adv. Phys. , vol.38 , pp. 89-188
    • Schmitt-Rink, S.1    Chemla, D.S.2    Miller, D.A.B.3
  • 138
    • 34548335232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polarization-dependent nonlinear refraction and two-photon absorption in GaAs/AlAs superlattice waveguides below the half-bandgap
    • S. J. Wagner, J. Meier, A. S. Helmy, J. S. Aitchison, M. Sorel, and D. C. Hutchings, "Polarization-dependent nonlinear refraction and two-photon absorption in GaAs/AlAs superlattice waveguides below the half-bandgap, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24, 1557-1563 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.24 , pp. 1557-1563
    • Wagner, S.J.1    Meier, J.2    Helmy, A.S.3    Aitchison, J.S.4    Sorel, M.5    Hutchings, D.C.6
  • 139
    • 0038721385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct measurements of large near-band edge nonlinear index change from 1.48 to 1.55 μm in InGaAs/InAlGaAs multiquantum wells
    • L. Brzozowskia, E. H. Sargent, A. Spring Thorpe and M. Extavour, "Direct measurements of large near-band edge nonlinear index change from 1.48 to 1.55 μm in InGaAs/InAlGaAs multiquantum wells, " Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 4429-4431 (2003).
    • (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.82 , pp. 4429-4431
    • Brzozowskia, L.1    Sargent, E.H.2    Spring Thorpe, A.3    Extavour, M.4
  • 140
    • 44449116519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of nonlinear absorption in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells using the reflection Z-scan
    • R. Liu, Y. Shu, G. Zhang, J. Sun, X. Xing, B. Pi, J. Yao, Z. Wang, and J. Xu, "Study of nonlinear absorption in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells using the reflection Z-scan, " Opt. Quantum Electron. 39, 1207-1214 (2007).
    • (2007) Opt. Quantum Electron. , vol.39 , pp. 1207-1214
    • Liu, R.1    Shu, Y.2    Zhang, G.3    Sun, J.4    Xing, X.5    Pi, B.6    Yao, J.7    Wang, Z.8    Xu, J.9
  • 141
    • 0024770804 scopus 로고
    • Confined excitons, trions and biexcitons in semiconductor microcrystals
    • A. L. Efros and A. V. Rodina, "Confined excitons, trions and biexcitons in semiconductor microcrystals, " Solid State Commun. 72, 645-649 (1989).
    • (1989) Solid State Commun. , vol.72 , pp. 645-649
    • Efros, A.L.1    Rodina, A.V.2
  • 142
    • 0000309644 scopus 로고
    • Band-edge absorption and luminescence of nonspherical nanometer-size crystals
    • A. L. Efros and A. V. Rodina, "Band-edge absorption and luminescence of nonspherical nanometer-size crystals, " Phys. Rev. B 47, 10005-10007 (1993).
    • (1993) Phys. Rev. B , vol.47 , pp. 10005-10007
    • Efros, A.L.1    Rodina, A.V.2
  • 143
    • 0020750011 scopus 로고
    • Degenerate four-wave mixing in semiconductor-doped glasses
    • R. K. Jain and R. C. Lind, "Degenerate four-wave mixing in semiconductor-doped glasses, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. 73, 647-653 (1983).
    • (1983) J. Opt. Soc. Am. , vol.73 , pp. 647-653
    • Jain, R.K.1    Lind, R.C.2
  • 144
    • 84975647271 scopus 로고
    • Photodarkening effect and the optical nonlinearity in a quantum-confined, semiconductor-doped glass
    • P. Horan and W. Blau, "Photodarkening effect and the optical nonlinearity in a quantum-confined, semiconductor-doped glass, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 7, 304-308 (1990).
    • (1990) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.7 , pp. 304-308
    • Horan, P.1    Blau, W.2
  • 146
    • 0002673234 scopus 로고
    • Time-resolved measurements of carrier recombination in experimental semiconductor-doped glasses: Confirmation of the role of Auger recombination
    • M. Ghanassi, M. C. Schanne-Klein, F. Hache, A. I. Ekimov, D. Ricard, and Chr. Flytzanis, "Time-resolved measurements of carrier recombination in experimental semiconductor-doped glasses: confirmation of the role of Auger recombination, " Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 78-80 (1993).
    • (1993) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.62 , pp. 78-80
    • Ghanassi, M.1    Schanne-Klein, M.C.2    Hache, F.3    Ekimov, A.I.4    Ricard, D.5    Flytzanis, C.6
  • 148
    • 21544475985 scopus 로고
    • Quantum confinement effects of semiconductor crystallites in glass
    • N. F. Borrelli, D. W. Hall, H. J. Holland, and D. W. Smith, "Quantum confinement effects of semiconductor crystallites in glass, " J. Appl. Phys. 61, 5399-5409 (1987).
    • (1987) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.61 , pp. 5399-5409
    • Borrelli, N.F.1    Hall, D.W.2    Holland, H.J.3    Smith, D.W.4
  • 149
    • 84975649451 scopus 로고
    • Optical nonlinearities of glasses doped with semiconductor microcrystallites
    • G. R. Olbright, N. Peyghambarian, S. W. Koch, and L. Banyai, "Optical nonlinearities of glasses doped with semiconductor microcrystallites, " Opt. Lett. 12, 413-415 (1987).
    • (1987) Opt. Lett. , vol.12 , pp. 413-415
    • Olbright, G.R.1    Peyghambarian, N.2    Koch, S.W.3    Banyai, L.4
  • 153
    • 36249013105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size dependence of nonlinear optical absorption and refraction of Mn-doped ZnSe nanocrystals
    • C. Gan, M. Xiao, D. Battaglia, N. Pradhan, and X. Peng, "Size dependence of nonlinear optical absorption and refraction of Mn-doped ZnSe nanocrystals, " Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 201103 (2007).
    • (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.91 , pp. 201103
    • Gan, C.1    Xiao, M.2    Battaglia, D.3    Pradhan, N.4    Peng, X.5
  • 154
    • 33745697515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of growth conditions on InAs quantum dot formation by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition using tertiarybutylarsine in pure N2 ambient
    • Z. Yin, X. Tang, J. Zhao, and S. Deny, "Effects of growth conditions on InAs quantum dot formation by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition using tertiarybutylarsine in pure N2 ambient, " J. Appl. Phys. 99, 124306 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.99 , pp. 124306
    • Yin, Z.1    Tang, X.2    Zhao, J.3    Deny, S.4
  • 155
    • 33646515608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topological characteristics of InAs quantum dot with GaInAs cover using Sb surfactant
    • M. Tetsuya, M. Tomoyuki, and K. Fumio, "Topological characteristics of InAs quantum dot with GaInAs cover using Sb surfactant, " Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 183109 (2006).
    • (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.88 , pp. 183109
    • Tetsuya, M.1    Tomoyuki, M.2    Fumio, K.3
  • 156
    • 0035886187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular-beam epitaxial growth of one-dimensional rows of InAs quantum dots on nanoscale-patterned GaAs
    • S. C. Lee, L. R. Dawson, K. J. Malloy, and S. R. Brueck, "Molecular-beam epitaxial growth of one-dimensional rows of InAs quantum dots on nanoscale-patterned GaAs, " Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 2630-2632 (2001).
    • (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.79 , pp. 2630-2632
    • Lee, S.C.1    Dawson, L.R.2    Malloy, K.J.3    Brueck, S.R.4
  • 159
    • 33749683622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct spectroscopic evidence for the formation of one-dimensional wetting wires during the growth of InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot chains
    • X. Wang, Z. M. Wang, B. Liang, G. J. Salamo, and C.-K. Shih, "Direct spectroscopic evidence for the formation of one-dimensional wetting wires during the growth of InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot chains, " Nano Lett. 6, 1847-1851 (2006).
    • (2006) Nano Lett. , vol.6 , pp. 1847-1851
    • Wang, X.1    Wang, Z.M.2    Liang, B.3    Salamo, G.J.4    Shih, C.-K.5
  • 160
    • 0032620857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-situ observation of InAs self-organized islands on AlAs surfaces
    • P. Ballet, J. B. Smathers, and G. J. Salamo, "In-situ observation of InAs self-organized islands on AlAs surfaces, " Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 337-339 (1999).
    • (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.75 , pp. 337-339
    • Ballet, P.1    Smathers, J.B.2    Salamo, G.J.3
  • 161
    • 0035397079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of size and density of InAs/ (Al, Ga)As self-organized islands
    • P. Ballet, J. B. Smathers, H. Yang, C. L. Workman, and G. J. Salamo, "Control of size and density of InAs/ (Al, Ga)As self-organized islands, " J. Appl. Phys. 90, 481-487 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.90 , pp. 481-487
    • Ballet, P.1    Smathers, J.B.2    Yang, H.3    Workman, C.L.4    Salamo, G.J.5
  • 162
    • 0037418383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of shape control and evolution of nanocrystals
    • X. Peng, "Mechanisms of shape control and evolution of nanocrystals, " Adv. Mater. 15, 459-463 (2003).
    • (2003) Adv. Mater. , vol.15 , pp. 459-463
    • Peng, X.1
  • 163
    • 0242541284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation and stability of size-, shape-, and structure-controlled CdTe nanocrystals: Ligand effects on monomers and nanocrystals
    • W. W. Yu, Y. A. Wang, and X. Peng, "Formation and stability of size-, shape-, and structure-controlled CdTe nanocrystals: ligand effects on monomers and nanocrystals, " Chem. Mater. 4300-4308 (2003).
    • (2003) Chem. Mater. , pp. 4300-4308
    • Yu, W.W.1    Wang, Y.A.2    Peng, X.3
  • 164
    • 0141885391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale synthesis of nearly monodisperse CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals using air-stable reagents via successive ion layer adsorption and reaction
    • J. Jack Li, Y. A. Wang, W. Guo, J. C. Keay, T. D. Mishima, M. B. Johnson, and X. Peng, "Large-scale synthesis of nearly monodisperse CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals using air-stable reagents via successive ion layer adsorption and reaction, " J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 12567-12575 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.125 , pp. 12567-12575
    • Jack Li, J.1    Wang, Y.A.2    Guo, W.3    Keay, J.C.4    Mishima, T.D.5    Johnson, M.B.6    Peng, X.7
  • 165
    • 0142011550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface-related emission in highly luminescent CdSe quantum dots
    • X. Wang, L. Qu, J. Zhang, X. Peng, and M. Xiao, "Surface-related emission in highly luminescent CdSe quantum dots, " Nano Lett. 3, 1103-1106 (2003).
    • (2003) Nano Lett. , vol.3 , pp. 1103-1106
    • Wang, X.1    Qu, L.2    Zhang, J.3    Peng, X.4    Xiao, M.5
  • 166
    • 33947674825 scopus 로고
    • Origin and frequency dependence of nonlinear optical susceptibilities of glasses
    • R. Hellwarth, J. Cherlow, and T.-T. Yang, "Origin and frequency dependence of nonlinear optical susceptibilities of glasses, " Phys. Rev. B 1, 964-967 (1975).
    • (1975) Phys. Rev. B , vol.1 , pp. 964-967
    • Hellwarth, R.1    Cherlow, J.2    Yang, T.-T.3
  • 169
    • 0009945520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-domain observation of nuclear contributions to the optical nonlinearities of glasses
    • I. Kang, S. Smolorz, T. Krauss, F. Wise, B. G. Aitken, and N. F. Borrelli, "Time-domain observation of nuclear contributions to the optical nonlinearities of glasses, " Phys. Rev. B 54, R12641-R12644 (1996).
    • (1996) Phys. Rev. B , vol.54
    • Kang, I.1    Smolorz, S.2    Krauss, T.3    Wise, F.4    Aitken, B.G.5    Borrelli, N.F.6
  • 170
    • 0032606359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of the nonlinear optical response of optical fiber materials by use of spectrally resolved twobeam coupling
    • S. Smolorz, F. Wise, and N. F. Borrelli, "Measurement of the nonlinear optical response of optical fiber materials by use of spectrally resolved twobeam coupling, " Opt. Lett. 24, 1103-1105 (1999).
    • (1999) Opt. Lett. , vol.24 , pp. 1103-1105
    • Smolorz, S.1    Wise, F.2    Borrelli, N.F.3
  • 171
    • 0032327924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-domain separation of nuclear and electronic contributions to the third-order nonlinearity in glasses
    • S. Montant, A. Le Calvez, E. Freysz, and A. Ducasse, "Time-domain separation of nuclear and electronic contributions to the third-order nonlinearity in glasses, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 2802-2807 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.15 , pp. 2802-2807
    • Montant, S.1    Le Calvez, A.2    Freysz, E.3    Ducasse, A.4
  • 172
    • 0023966087 scopus 로고
    • Femtosecond optical Kerr studies on the origin of the nonlinear response in simple liquids
    • D. McMorrow, W. T. Lotshaw, and G. A. Kenney-Wallace, "Femtosecond optical Kerr studies on the origin of the nonlinear response in simple liquids, " IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24, 443-454 (1988).
    • (1988) IEEE J. Quantum Electron. , vol.24 , pp. 443-454
    • McMorrow, D.1    Lotshaw, W.T.2    Kenney-Wallace, G.A.3
  • 173
    • 61849110314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear optics of liquid crystalline materials
    • I. C. Khoo, "Nonlinear optics of liquid crystalline materials, " Phys. Rep. 471, 221-267 (2009).
    • (2009) Phys. Rep. , vol.471 , pp. 221-267
    • Khoo, I.C.1
  • 176
    • 11744383665 scopus 로고
    • Study of pretransitional behavior of laserfield-induced molecular alignment in isotropic nematic substances
    • G. K. L. Wong and Y. R. Shen, "Study of pretransitional behavior of laserfield-induced molecular alignment in isotropic nematic substances, " Phys. Rev. A 10, 1277-1284 (1974).
    • (1974) Phys. Rev. A , vol.10 , pp. 1277-1284
    • Wong, G.K.L.1    Shen, Y.R.2
  • 177
    • 84913829189 scopus 로고
    • Phase conjugate reflection by degenerate four wave mixing in a nematic crystal in the isotropic phase
    • D. Fekete, J. AuYeung, and A. Yariv, "Phase conjugate reflection by degenerate four wave mixing in a nematic crystal in the isotropic phase, " Opt. Lett. 5, 51-53 (1980).
    • (1980) Opt. Lett. , vol.5 , pp. 51-53
    • Fekete, D.1    AuYeung, J.2    Yariv, A.3
  • 178
    • 84975564325 scopus 로고
    • Nonlocal radial dependence of laserinduced molecular reorientation in a nematic liquid crystal: Theory and experiment
    • I. C. Khoo, T. H. Liu, and P. Y. Yan, "Nonlocal radial dependence of laserinduced molecular reorientation in a nematic liquid crystal: theory and experiment, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 4, 115-120 (1987).
    • (1987) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.4 , pp. 115-120
    • Khoo, I.C.1    Liu, T.H.2    Yan, P.Y.3
  • 179
    • 33644513397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transverse nonlocal effects in optical reorientation of nematic liquid crystals
    • E. Brasselet, A. Lherbier, and L. J. Dube, "Transverse nonlocal effects in optical reorientation of nematic liquid crystals, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 23, 36-44 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.23 , pp. 36-44
    • Brasselet, E.1    Lherbier, A.2    Dube, L.J.3
  • 180
    • 84975674541 scopus 로고
    • Passive optical selflimiter using laser induced axially symmetric and asymmetric transverse self-phase modulations in a liquid crystal film
    • I. C. Khoo, G. Finn, R. R. Michael, and T. H. Liu, "Passive optical selflimiter using laser induced axially symmetric and asymmetric transverse self-phase modulations in a liquid crystal film, " Opt. Lett. 11, 227-229 (1986).
    • (1986) Opt. Lett. , vol.11 , pp. 227-229
    • Khoo, I.C.1    Finn, G.2    Michael, R.R.3    Liu, T.H.4
  • 181
    • 0000861202 scopus 로고
    • Transverse self-phase modulation and bistability in the transmission of a laser beam through a nonlinear thin film
    • I. C. Khoo, J. Y. Hou, T. H. Liu, P. Y. Yan, R. R. Michael, and G. M. Finn, "Transverse self-phase modulation and bistability in the transmission of a laser beam through a nonlinear thin film, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 4, 886-891 (1987).
    • (1987) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.4 , pp. 886-891
    • Khoo, I.C.1    Hou, J.Y.2    Liu, T.H.3    Yan, P.Y.4    Michael, R.R.5    Finn, G.M.6
  • 182
    • 2342487998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observation of optical spatial solitons in a highly nonlocal medium
    • C. Conti, M. Peccianti, and G. Assanto, "Observation of optical spatial solitons in a highly nonlocal medium, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 113902 (2004).
    • (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.92 , pp. 113902
    • Conti, C.1    Peccianti, M.2    Assanto, G.3
  • 183
    • 34347325183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light-induced dynamics in nematic liquid crystals-a fascinating world of complex nonlinear phenomena
    • G. Demeter and D. O. Krimer, "Light-induced dynamics in nematic liquid crystals-a fascinating world of complex nonlinear phenomena, " Phys. Rep. 448, 133-162 (2007).
    • (2007) Phys. Rep. , vol.448 , pp. 133-162
    • Demeter, G.1    Krimer, D.O.2
  • 184
    • 0021386046 scopus 로고
    • Nanosecond laser-induced transient and erasable permanent grating diffractions and ultrasonic waves in a nematic film
    • I. C. Khoo and R. Normandin, "Nanosecond laser-induced transient and erasable permanent grating diffractions and ultrasonic waves in a nematic film, " Appl. Phys. 55, 1416-1418 (1984).
    • (1984) Appl. Phys. , vol.55 , pp. 1416-1418
    • Khoo, I.C.1    Normandin, R.2
  • 185
    • 0023292175 scopus 로고
    • Theory and experiment on optically induced nematics axis reorientation and nonlinear effects in the nanosecond regime
    • I. C. Khoo, R. R. Michael, and P. Y. Yan, "Theory and experiment on optically induced nematics axis reorientation and nonlinear effects in the nanosecond regime, " IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-23, 267-272 (1987).
    • (1987) IEEE J. Quantum Electron. , vol.QE-23 , pp. 267-272
    • Khoo, I.C.1    Michael, R.R.2    Yan, P.Y.3
  • 186
    • 0001700687 scopus 로고
    • Flow alignment and inertial effects in picosecond laser-induced reorientation phenomena of nematic liquid crystals
    • H. J. Eichler and R. Macdonald, "Flow alignment and inertial effects in picosecond laser-induced reorientation phenomena of nematic liquid crystals, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2666-2669 (1991).
    • (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.67 , pp. 2666-2669
    • Eichler, H.J.1    McDonald, R.2
  • 187
    • 0141664150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optically induced space charge fields, dc voltage, and extraordinarily large nonlinearity in dye-doped nematic liquid crystals
    • I. C. Khoo, S. Slussarenko, B. D. Guenther, andW. V. Wood, "Optically induced space charge fields, dc voltage, and extraordinarily large nonlinearity in dye-doped nematic liquid crystals, " Opt. Lett. 23, 253-255 (1998).
    • (1998) Opt. Lett. , vol.23 , pp. 253-255
    • Khoo, I.C.1    Slussarenko, S.2    Guenther, B.D.3    Wood, W.V.4
  • 189
    • 0042850532 scopus 로고
    • Surfacemediated alignment of nematic liquid crystals with polarized laser light
    • W. M. Gibbons, P. J. Shannon, S.-T. Sun, and B. J. Swetlin, "Surfacemediated alignment of nematic liquid crystals with polarized laser light, " Nature 351, 49-50 (1991).
    • (1991) Nature , vol.351 , pp. 49-50
    • Gibbons, W.M.1    Shannon, P.J.2    Sun, S.-T.3    Swetlin, B.J.4
  • 190
    • 0027594323 scopus 로고
    • Optically induced extraordinarily large negative orientational nonlinearity in dye-doped-liquid crystal
    • I. C. Khoo, H. Li, and Y. Liang, "Optically induced extraordinarily large negative orientational nonlinearity in dye-doped-liquid crystal, " IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 29, 1444-1447 (1993).
    • (1993) IEEE J. Quantum Electron. , vol.29 , pp. 1444-1447
    • Khoo, I.C.1    Li, H.2    Liang, Y.3
  • 191
    • 84963289625 scopus 로고
    • Transient laser induced orthogonal director axis reorientation in dye-doped liquid crystal
    • H. Li, Y. Liang, and I. C. Khoo, "Transient laser induced orthogonal director axis reorientation in dye-doped liquid crystal, " Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 251, 85-92 (1994).
    • (1994) Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. , vol.251 , pp. 85-92
    • Li, H.1    Liang, Y.2    Khoo, I.C.3
  • 192
    • 0041948735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical reorientation of nematic liquid crystals in the presence of photoisomerization
    • I. Jánossy and L. Szabados, "Optical reorientation of nematic liquid crystals in the presence of photoisomerization, " Phys. Rev. E 4598-4604 (1998).
    • (1998) Phys. Rev. E , pp. 4598-4604
    • Jánossy, I.1    Szabados, L.2
  • 193
    • 28844498517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of the guest-host orientational interaction in dye-doped liquid-crystalline materials
    • T. V. Truong, L. Xu, and Y. R. Shen, "Dynamics of the guest-host orientational interaction in dye-doped liquid-crystalline materials, " Phys. Rev. E 72, 051709 (2005).
    • (2005) Phys. Rev. E , vol.72 , pp. 051709
    • Truong, T.V.1    Xu, L.2    Shen, Y.R.3
  • 195
    • 0036565039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrically tunable, optically induced dynamic and permanent gratings in dye-doped liquid crystals
    • M. Kaczmarek, M. Y. Shih, R. S. Cudney, and I. C. Khoo, "Electrically tunable, optically induced dynamic and permanent gratings in dye-doped liquid crystals, " IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38, 451-457 (2002).
    • (2002) IEEE J. Quantum Electron. , vol.38 , pp. 451-457
    • Kaczmarek, M.1    Shih, M.Y.2    Cudney, R.S.3    Khoo, I.C.4
  • 196
    • 0034993170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supra optical nonlinearities (SON) of methyl-red and azobenzene liquid crystal-doped nematic liquid crystals
    • I. C. Khoo, P. H. Chen, M. Y. Shih, A. Shishido, and S. Slussarenko, "Supra optical nonlinearities (SON) of methyl-red and azobenzene liquid crystal-doped nematic liquid crystals, " Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 358, 1-13 (2001).
    • (2001) Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. , vol.358 , pp. 1-13
    • Khoo, I.C.1    Chen, P.H.2    Shih, M.Y.3    Shishido, A.4    Slussarenko, S.5
  • 197
    • 0030883638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid optical switching by means of photoinduced change in refractive index of azobenzene liquid crystals detected by reflection-mode analysis
    • and references therein
    • A. T. Shishido, O. Tsutsumi, A. Kanazawa, T. Shiono, T. Ikeda, and N. Tamai, "Rapid optical switching by means of photoinduced change in refractive index of azobenzene liquid crystals detected by reflection-mode analysis, " J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 7791-7796 (1997), and references therein.
    • (1997) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.119 , pp. 7791-7796
    • Shishido, A.T.1    Tsutsumi, O.2    Kanazawa, A.3    Shiono, T.4    Ikeda, T.5    Tamai, N.6
  • 198
    • 11844284023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alignment modulation of azobenzene-containing liquid crystal systems by photochemical reactions
    • Y. L. Yu and T. Ikeda, "Alignment modulation of azobenzene-containing liquid crystal systems by photochemical reactions, " J. Photochem. Photobiol. C 5, 247-265 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Photochem. Photobiol. C , vol.5 , pp. 247-265
    • Yu, Y.L.1    Ikeda, T.2
  • 199
    • 0000005866 scopus 로고
    • Optically induced spatial charge separation in a nematic and the resultant orientational nonlinearity
    • E. V. Rudenko and A. V. Sukhov, "Optically induced spatial charge separation in a nematic and the resultant orientational nonlinearity, " JETP 78, 875-882 (1994).
    • (1994) JETP , vol.78 , pp. 875-882
    • Rudenko, E.V.1    Sukhov, A.V.2
  • 200
    • 0028540138 scopus 로고
    • Observation of orientational photorefractive effects in nematic liquid crystals
    • I. C. Khoo, H. Li, and Y. Liang, "Observation of orientational photorefractive effects in nematic liquid crystals, " Opt. Lett. 19, 1723-1725 (1994).
    • (1994) Opt. Lett. , vol.19 , pp. 1723-1725
    • Khoo, I.C.1    Li, H.2    Liang, Y.3
  • 201
    • 0030106548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orientational photorefractive effects in nematic liquid crystal film
    • I. C. Khoo, "Orientational photorefractive effects in nematic liquid crystal film, " IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 32, 525-534 (1996).
    • (1996) IEEE J. Quantum Electron. , vol.32 , pp. 525-534
    • Khoo, I.C.1
  • 202
    • 0029513691 scopus 로고
    • High photorefractive gain in nematic liquid crystals doped with electron-donor and acceptor molecules
    • G. P. Wiederrecht, B. A. Yoon, and M. R. Wasielewski, "High photorefractive gain in nematic liquid crystals doped with electron-donor and acceptor molecules, " Science 270, 1794-1797 (1995).
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 1794-1797
    • Wiederrecht, G.P.1    Yoon, B.A.2    Wasielewski, M.R.3
  • 203
    • 33745024074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orientational photorefractive effect in undoped and CdSe nano-rods doped nematic liquid crystal-bulk and interface contributions
    • I. C. Khoo, K. Chen, and Y. Z. Williams, "Orientational photorefractive effect in undoped and CdSe nano-rods doped nematic liquid crystal-bulk and interface contributions, " IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 443-450 (2006).
    • (2006) IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. , vol.12 , pp. 443-450
    • Khoo, I.C.1    Chen, K.2    Williams, Y.Z.3
  • 204
    • 36849103228 scopus 로고
    • Conduction-induced alignment of nematic liquid crystals: Basic model and stability consideration
    • W. Helfrich, "Conduction-induced alignment of nematic liquid crystals: basic model and stability consideration, " J. Chem. Phys. 51, 4092-4105 (1969).
    • (1969) J. Chem. Phys. , vol.51 , pp. 4092-4105
    • Helfrich, W.1
  • 205
    • 0014665439 scopus 로고
    • Stimulated thermal light scattering in the picosecond regime
    • M. E. Mack, "Stimulated thermal light scattering in the picosecond regime, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 22, 13-15 (1969).
    • (1969) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.22 , pp. 13-15
    • Mack, M.E.1
  • 207
    • 0022043010 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism and dynamics of transient thermal grating diffraction in nematic liquid crystal films
    • I. C. Khoo and R. Normandin, "The mechanism and dynamics of transient thermal grating diffraction in nematic liquid crystal films, " IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 21, 329-335 (1985).
    • (1985) IEEE J. Quantum Electron. , vol.21 , pp. 329-335
    • Khoo, I.C.1    Normandin, R.2
  • 208
    • 11744312332 scopus 로고
    • Boundary-layer phase transition in nematic liquid crystals
    • See, for example, P. Sheng, "Boundary-layer phase transition in nematic liquid crystals, " Phys. Rev. A 26, 1610-1617 (1982).
    • (1982) Phys. Rev. A , vol.26 , pp. 1610-1617
    • Sheng, P.1
  • 209
    • 4243099424 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of picosecond laser induced density, temperature and flowreorientation effects in the mesophases of liquid crystals
    • I. C. Khoo, R. G. Lindquist, R. R. Michael, R. J. Mansfield, and P. Lopresti, "Dynamics of picosecond laser induced density, temperature and flowreorientation effects in the mesophases of liquid crystals, " J. Appl. Phys. 69, 3853-3859 (1991).
    • (1991) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.69 , pp. 3853-3859
    • Khoo, I.C.1    Lindquist, R.G.2    Michael, R.R.3    Mansfield, R.J.4    Lopresti, P.5
  • 210
    • 23544455571 scopus 로고
    • Laser induced thermal, orientational and density nonlinear optical effects in nematic liquid crystals
    • I. C. Khoo, J. Y. Hou, G. L. Din, Y. L. He, and D. F. Shi, "Laser induced thermal, orientational and density nonlinear optical effects in nematic liquid crystals, " Phys. Rev. A 42, 1001-1004 (1990).
    • (1990) Phys. Rev. A , vol.42 , pp. 1001-1004
    • Khoo, I.C.1    Hou, J.Y.2    Din, G.L.3    He, Y.L.4    Shi, D.F.5
  • 211
    • 59949086895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory and experimental studies of all-optical transmission switching in a twist-alignment dye-doped nematic liquid crystal
    • I. C. Khoo, J. H. Park, and J. D. Liou, "Theory and experimental studies of all-optical transmission switching in a twist-alignment dye-doped nematic liquid crystal, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 25, 1931-1937 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.25 , pp. 1931-1937
    • Khoo, I.C.1    Park, J.H.2    Liou, J.D.3
  • 219
    • 0004055235 scopus 로고
    • 4th ed. (Saunders College Publishing/ Harcourt Brace)
    • A. Yariv, Optical Electronics, 4th ed. (Saunders College Publishing/ Harcourt Brace, 1991).
    • (1991) Optical Electronics
    • Yariv, A.1
  • 221
    • 84955043735 scopus 로고
    • Photorefractive nonlinear optics
    • J. Feinberg, "Photorefractive nonlinear optics, " Phys. Today 41(10), 46-52 (1988).
    • (1988) Phys. Today , vol.41 , Issue.10 , pp. 46-52
    • Feinberg, J.1
  • 222
    • 0020848946 scopus 로고
    • Optimal properties of photorefractive materials for optical data processing
    • G. C. Valley and M. B. Klein, "Optimal properties of photorefractive materials for optical data processing, " Opt. Eng. 22, 704-711 (1983).
    • (1983) Opt. Eng. , vol.22 , pp. 704-711
    • Valley, G.C.1    Klein, M.B.2
  • 223
    • 0018992043 scopus 로고
    • Photorefractive effects and light-induced charge migration in barium titanate
    • J. Feinberg, D. Heiman, A. R. Tanguay, Jr., and R.W. Hellwarth, "Photorefractive effects and light-induced charge migration in barium titanate, " J. Appl. Phys. 51, 1297-1305 (1980).
    • (1980) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.51 , pp. 1297-1305
    • Feinberg, J.1    Heiman, D.2    Tanguay Jr., A.R.3    Hellwarth, R.W.4
  • 226
    • 0009967615 scopus 로고
    • Theory of the conductivity induced by recording holographic gratings in nonmetallic crystals
    • V. O. Vinetskii and N. V. Kukhtarev, "Theory of the conductivity induced by recording holographic gratings in nonmetallic crystals, " Sov. Phys. Solid State 16, 2414-2415 (1975).
    • (1975) Sov. Phys. Solid State , vol.16 , pp. 2414-2415
    • Vinetskii, V.O.1    Kukhtarev, N.V.2
  • 227
    • 36549104239 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous electron/hole transport in photorefractive materials
    • G. C. Valley, "Simultaneous electron/hole transport in photorefractive materials, " J. Appl. Phys. 59, 3363-3366 (1986).
    • (1986) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.59 , pp. 3363-3366
    • Valley, G.C.1
  • 228
    • 36549092254 scopus 로고
    • Theory of two-wave mixing gain enhancement in photorefractive InP:Fe: A new mechanism of resonance
    • G. Picoli, P. Gravey, C. Ozkul, and V. Vieux, "Theory of two-wave mixing gain enhancement in photorefractive InP:Fe: a new mechanism of resonance, " J. Appl. Phys. 66 3798-3813 (1989).
    • (1989) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.66 , pp. 3798-3813
    • Picoli, G.1    Gravey, P.2    Ozkul, C.3    Vieux, V.4
  • 229
    • 0025444682 scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear multi two wave mixing and the fanning process in photorefractive media
    • M. Segev, Y. Ophir, and B. Fischer, "Nonlinear multi two wave mixing and the fanning process in photorefractive media, " Opt. Commun. 77, 265-274 (1990).
    • (1990) Opt. Commun. , vol.77 , pp. 265-274
    • Segev, M.1    Ophir, Y.2    Fischer, B.3
  • 230
    • 0028768486 scopus 로고
    • Propagation of light beams in photorefractive media
    • A. A. Zozulya, M. Saffman, and D. Z. Anderson, "Propagation of light beams in photorefractive media, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 818-821 (1994).
    • (1994) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.73 , pp. 818-821
    • Zozulya, A.A.1    Saffman, M.2    Anderson, D.Z.3
  • 231
    • 84975597794 scopus 로고
    • Self-bending specklons in photorefractive crystals
    • O. V. Lyubomudrov and V. V. Shkunov, "Self-bending specklons in photorefractive crystals, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11, 1403-1408 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.11 , pp. 1403-1408
    • Lyubomudrov, O.V.1    Shkunov, V.V.2
  • 232
    • 0028542821 scopus 로고
    • Compression, self-bending, and collapse of Gaussian beams in photorefractive crystals
    • D. N. Christodoulides and M. I. Carvalho, "Compression, self-bending, and collapse of Gaussian beams in photorefractive crystals, " Opt. Lett. 19, 1714-1716 (1994).
    • (1994) Opt. Lett. , vol.19 , pp. 1714-1716
    • Christodoulides, D.N.1    Carvalho, M.I.2
  • 233
    • 3342975405 scopus 로고
    • Steadystate spatial screening solitons in photorefractive materials with external applied field
    • M. Segev, G. C. Valley, B. Crosignani, P. D. Porto, and A. Yariv, "Steadystate spatial screening solitons in photorefractive materials with external applied field, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3211-3214 (1994).
    • (1994) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.73 , pp. 3211-3214
    • Segev, M.1    Valley, G.C.2    Crosignani, B.3    Porto, P.D.4    Yariv, A.5
  • 234
    • 84975594338 scopus 로고
    • Bright, dark, and gray spatial soliton states in photorefractive media
    • D. N. Christodoulides and M. I. Carvalho, "Bright, dark, and gray spatial soliton states in photorefractive media, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 12, 1628-1633 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.12 , pp. 1628-1633
    • Christodoulides, D.N.1    Carvalho, M.I.2
  • 235
    • 0007151177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photorefractive screening solitons of high and low intensity
    • M. Segev, M. Shih, and G. C. Valley, "Photorefractive screening solitons of high and low intensity, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 13, 706-718 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , vol.13 , pp. 706-718
    • Segev, M.1    Shih, M.2    Valley, G.C.3
  • 237
    • 1442283060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transition from local to nonlocal photorefractive nonlinearity on increasing spatial dimensionality
    • G. F. Calvo, F. Agulló-López, and M. Carrascosa, "Transition from local to nonlocal photorefractive nonlinearity on increasing spatial dimensionality, " Opt. Commun. 233, 439-444 (2004).
    • (2004) Opt. Commun. , vol.233 , pp. 439-444
    • Calvo, G.F.1    Agulló-López, F.2    Carrascosa, M.3
  • 241
    • 84975565512 scopus 로고
    • Voltage-controlled photorefractive effect in paraelectric KTa1-xNbxO3:Cu, V
    • A. Agranat, V. Leyva, and A. Yariv, "Voltage-controlled photorefractive effect in paraelectric KTa1-xNbxO3:Cu, V, " Opt. Lett. 14, 1017-1019 (1989).
    • (1989) Opt. Lett. , vol.14 , pp. 1017-1019
    • Agranat, A.1    Leyva, V.2    Yariv, A.3
  • 242
    • 84975562128 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a new photorefractive material: K1-yLyT1-xNx
    • A. Agranat, R. Hofmeister, and A. Yariv, "Characterization of a new photorefractive material: K1-yLyT1-xNx, " Opt. Lett. 17, 713-715 (1992).
    • (1992) Opt. Lett. , vol.17 , pp. 713-715
    • Agranat, A.1    Hofmeister, R.2    Yariv, A.3
  • 243
    • 0000007591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial solitons in centrosymmetric photorefractive media
    • M. Segev and A. J. Agranat, "Spatial solitons in centrosymmetric photorefractive media, " Opt. Lett. 22, 1299-1301 (1997).
    • (1997) Opt. Lett. , vol.22 , pp. 1299-1301
    • Segev, M.1    Agranat, A.J.2
  • 244
    • 0001340911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One-dimensional steady-state photorefractive spatial solitons in centrosymmetric paraelectric potassium lithium tantalate niobate
    • E. DelRe, B. Crosignani, M. Tamburrini, M. Segev, M. Mitchell, E. Refaeli, and A. J. Agranat, "One-dimensional steady-state photorefractive spatial solitons in centrosymmetric paraelectric potassium lithium tantalate niobate, " Opt. Lett. 23, 421-423 (1998).
    • (1998) Opt. Lett. , vol.23 , pp. 421-423
    • DelRe, E.1    Crosignani, B.2    Tamburrini, M.3    Segev, M.4    Mitchell, M.5    Refaeli, E.6    Agranat, A.J.7
  • 245
    • 0004263380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Electrostriction, "
    • "Electrostriction, " Encyclopaedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com/ EBchecked/topic/184067/electrostriction.
    • Encyclopaedia Britannica
  • 247
    • 0347727767 scopus 로고
    • Laserinduced ultrasonics: A dynamic holographic approach to the measurement of weak absorptions, optoelastic constants and acoustic attenuation
    • R. J. D. Miller, R. Casalegno, K. A. Nelson, and M. D. Fayer, "Laserinduced ultrasonics: a dynamic holographic approach to the measurement of weak absorptions, optoelastic constants and acoustic attenuation, " Chem. Phys. 72, 371-9 (1982).
    • (1982) Chem. Phys. , vol.72 , pp. 371-379
    • Miller, R.J.D.1    Casalegno, R.2    Nelson, K.A.3    Fayer, M.D.4
  • 249
    • 0030216823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrostrictive contribution to the intensity-dependent refractive index of optical fiber
    • E. L. Buckland and R. W. Boyd, "Electrostrictive contribution to the intensity-dependent refractive index of optical fiber, " Opt. Lett. 21, 1117-1119 (1996).
    • (1996) Opt. Lett. , vol.21 , pp. 1117-1119
    • Buckland, E.L.1    Boyd, R.W.2
  • 250
    • 0031143724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of the frequency response of the electrostrictive nonlinearity in optical fiber
    • E. L. Buckland and R. W. Boyd, "Measurement of the frequency response of the electrostrictive nonlinearity in optical fiber, " Opt. Lett. 22, 676-678 (1997).
    • (1997) Opt. Lett. , vol.22 , pp. 676-678
    • Buckland, E.L.1    Boyd, R.W.2
  • 251
    • 0031271326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of the frequency response induced by electrostriction in optical fibers
    • A. Fellega, A. Melloni, and M. Martinelli, "Measurement of the frequency response induced by electrostriction in optical fibers, " Opt. Lett. 22, 1615-1617 (1997).
    • (1997) Opt. Lett. , vol.22 , pp. 1615-1617
    • Fellega, A.1    Melloni, A.2    Martinelli, M.3
  • 252
    • 0011919699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical modeling of thermal refraction in liquids in the transient regime
    • D. I. Kovsh, D. J. Hagan, and E.W. Van Stryland, "Numerical modeling of thermal refraction in liquids in the transient regime, " Opt. Express 4, 315-327 (1999).
    • (1999) Opt. Express , vol.4 , pp. 315-327
    • Kovsh, D.I.1    Hagan, D.J.2    van Stryland, E.W.3
  • 253
    • 0033175480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear optical beam propagation for optical limiting
    • D. I. Kovsh, S. Yang, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, "Nonlinear optical beam propagation for optical limiting, " Appl. Opt. 38, 5168-5180 (1999).
    • (1999) Appl. Opt. , vol.38 , pp. 5168-5180
    • Kovsh, D.I.1    Yang, S.2    Hagan, D.J.3    van Stryland, E.W.4
  • 256
    • 0000807633 scopus 로고
    • Self-action of light in crystals
    • L. A. Ostrovskii, "Self-action of light in crystals, " JETP Lett. 5, 272-275 (1967).
    • (1967) JETP Lett. , vol.5 , pp. 272-275
    • Ostrovskii, L.A.1
  • 257
    • 36749108125 scopus 로고
    • Second-order cascading in third-order nonlinear optical processes
    • G. R. Meredith, "Second-order cascading in third-order nonlinear optical processes, " J. Chem. Phys. 77, 5863-5871 (1982).
    • (1982) J. Chem. Phys. , vol.77 , pp. 5863-5871
    • Meredith, G.R.1
  • 258
    • 0030401593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (2) cascading phenomena and their applications to all-optical signal processing, modelocking, pulse compression and solitons
    • Reviewed in
    • Reviewed in G. I. Stegeman, D. J. Hagan, and L. Torner, ")(2) cascading phenomena and their applications to all-optical signal processing, modelocking, pulse compression and solitons, " Opt. Quantum Electron. 28, 1691-1740 (1996).
    • (1996) Opt. Quantum Electron. , vol.28 , pp. 1691-1740
    • Stegeman, G.I.1    Hagan, D.J.2    Torner, L.3
  • 259
    • 0021513286 scopus 로고
    • Phase matching limitations of high efficiency second harmonic generation
    • R. C. Eckardt and J. Reintjes, "Phase matching limitations of high efficiency second harmonic generation, " IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 20, 1178-1187 (1984).
    • (1984) IEEE J. Quantum Electron. , vol.20 , pp. 1178-1187
    • Eckardt, R.C.1    Reintjes, J.2
  • 261
    • 0030082671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vectorial type-II interaction in cascaded quadratic nonlinearities-an analytical approach
    • A. Kobyakov, U. Peschel, and F. Lederer, "Vectorial type-II interaction in cascaded quadratic nonlinearities-an analytical approach, " Opt. Commun. 124, 184-94 (1996).
    • (1996) Opt. Commun. , vol.124 , pp. 184-194
    • Kobyakov, A.1    Peschel, U.2    Lederer, F.3
  • 262
    • 0027140170 scopus 로고
    • Large nonlinear phase shifts in second-order nonlinear-optical processes
    • G. I. Stegeman, M. Sheik-Bahae, E. W. Van Stryland, and G. Assanto, "Large nonlinear phase shifts in second-order nonlinear-optical processes, " Opt. Lett. 18, 13-15 (1993).
    • (1993) Opt. Lett. , vol.18 , pp. 13-15
    • Stegeman, G.I.1    Sheik-Bahae, M.2    van Stryland, E.W.3    Assanto, G.4
  • 263
    • 0036273611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observation of 99% pump depletion in single-pass second-harmonic generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide
    • K. R. Parameswaran, J. R. Kurtz, R. V. Roussev, and M. M. Fejer, "Observation of 99% pump depletion in single-pass second-harmonic generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide, " Opt. Lett. 27, 43-45 (2002).
    • (2002) Opt. Lett. , vol.27 , pp. 43-45
    • Parameswaran, K.R.1    Kurtz, J.R.2    Roussev, R.V.3    Fejer, M.M.4
  • 264
    • 0041951592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Third-order and cascaded nonlinearities
    • in A. Miller and D. M. Finlayson, eds., Scottish Graduate Series (CRC Press and Taylor & Francis, 1997)
    • E. W. Van Stryland, "Third-order and cascaded nonlinearities, " in Laser Sources and Applications, A. Miller and D. M. Finlayson, eds., Scottish Graduate Series (CRC Press and Taylor & Francis, 1997), pp 15-62 (1996).
    • (1996) Laser Sources and Applications , pp. 15-62
    • van Stryland, E.W.1
  • 266
    • 0027655173 scopus 로고
    • Large nonlinear phase modulation in quasi-phase-matched KTP waveguides due to cascaded second-order processes
    • M. L. Sundheimer, Ch. Bosshard, E. W. VanStryland, G. I. Stegeman, and J. D. Bierlein, "Large nonlinear phase modulation in quasi-phase-matched KTP waveguides due to cascaded second-order processes, " Opt. Lett. 18, 1397-9 (1993).
    • (1993) Opt. Lett. , vol.18 , pp. 1397-1399
    • Sundheimer, M.L.1    Bosshard, C.2    VanStryland, E.W.3    Stegeman, G.I.4    Bierlein, J.D.5
  • 267
    • 0002674185 scopus 로고
    • Research on nonlinear optical materials: An assessment
    • Series of articles published by multiple authors under the general title
    • Series of articles published by multiple authors under the general title "Research on nonlinear optical materials: an assessment, " Appl. Opt. 26, 211-234 (1987).
    • (1987) Appl. Opt. , vol.26 , pp. 211-234
  • 268
    • 0027211208 scopus 로고
    • Material figures of merit and implications to all-optical switching
    • G. I. Stegeman, "Material figures of merit and implications to all-optical switching, " Proc. SPIE, 1852, 75-89 (1993).
    • (1993) Proc. SPIE , vol.1852 , pp. 75-89
    • Stegeman, G.I.1
  • 269
    • 84873100934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Many articles in Self-Focusing: Past and Present, eds. (Springer Science)
    • Many articles in Self-Focusing: Past and Present, R. W. Boyd, S. G. Lukishova and Y. R. Shen, eds. (Springer Science, 2009).
    • (2009)
    • Boyd, R.W.1    Lukishova, S.G.2    Shen, Y.R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.