메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 118, Issue 3-4, 2009, Pages 131-161

Chromite composition and PGE content of Bushveld chromitites: Part 1 - The Lower and Middle Groups

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BUSHVELD COMPLEX; CHEMICAL DATA; CHROMITITES; CRYSTALLISATION; EN-ROUTE; FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION; MICROPROBE ANALYSIS; NEGATIVE SLOPE; ORTHOPYROXENE; REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE;

EID: 77949460574     PISSN: 03717453     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/174327509X12550990458004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (86)

References (106)
  • 1
    • 0036626195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unexpectedly high-PGE chromitite from the deeper mantle section of the northern Oman ophiolite and its tectonic implications
    • Ahmed, A. H. and Arai A. S.: 2002, Unexpectedly high-PGE chromitite from the deeper mantle section of the northern Oman ophiolite and its tectonic implications, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2002), 143, 263-278.
    • (2002) Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2002 , vol.143 , pp. 263-278
    • Ahmed, A.H.1    Arai, A.S.2
  • 2
    • 0000215222 scopus 로고
    • Cr-rich spinels as petrogenetic indicators: MORB-type lavas from the Lamont seamount chain, eastern
    • Allan, J. F., Sack, R. O. and Batiza, R.: 1988, Cr-rich spinels as petrogenetic indicators: MORB-type lavas from the Lamont seamount chain, eastern PacificAmerican Mineralogist, 73, 741-753.
    • (1988) Pacific American Mineralogist , vol.73 , pp. 741-753
    • Allan, J.F.1    Sack, R.O.2    Batiza, R.3
  • 3
    • 0035199130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The range of spinel compositions in terrestrial mafic and ultramafic ricks
    • Barnes, S. J. and Roeder, P. L.: 2001, The range of spinel compositions in terrestrial mafic and ultramafic ricks, Journal of Petrology, 42, 2279-2302.
    • (2001) Journal of Petrology , vol.42 , pp. 2279-2302
    • Barnes, S.J.1    Roeder, P.L.2
  • 4
  • 5
    • 9444273805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stabilities of laurite RuS2 and monosulphide solid solution at magmatic temperature
    • Bockrath, C., Balhaus, C. and Holzheid, A.: 2004, Stabilities of laurite RuS2 and monosulphide solid solution at magmatic temperature, Chemical Geology, 208, 265-271.
    • (2004) Chemical Geology , vol.208 , pp. 265-271
    • Bockrath, C.1    Balhaus, C.2    Holzheid, A.3
  • 6
    • 0027101530 scopus 로고
    • Concentration of platinum-group elements by magmatic fluids in layered intrusions
    • Boudreau, A. E. and McCallum, I. S.: 1992, Concentration of platinum-group elements by magmatic fluids in layered intrusions, Economic Geology, 87, 1830-1848.
    • (1992) Economic Geology , vol.87 , pp. 1830-1848
    • Boudreau, A.E.1    McCallum, I.S.2
  • 7
    • 0035300150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-temperature stability of laurite and ru-Os-Ir alloy and their role in PGE fractionation in mafic magmas
    • Brenan, J. M. and Andrews, D.: 2001, High-temperature stability of laurite and ru-Os-Ir alloy and their role in PGE fractionation in mafic magmas, The Canadian Mineralogist, 39, 341-360.
    • (2001) The Canadian Mineralogist , vol.39 , pp. 341-360
    • Brenan, J.M.1    Andrews, D.2
  • 8
    • 23844534878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of podiform chromitite deposits: Implications from PGE abundances and Os isotopic compositions of chromites from the Troodos complex, Cyprus
    • Buchla, A., Brugmann, G. and Batanova, V. G.: 2004, Formation of podiform chromitite deposits: implications from PGE abundances and Os isotopic compositions of chromites from the Troodos complex, Cyprus, Chemical Geology, 208, 217-232
    • (2004) Chemical Geology , vol.208 , pp. 217-232
    • Buchla, A.1    Brugmann, G.2    Batanova, V.G.3
  • 9
    • 0001173324 scopus 로고
    • Postcumulus and subsolidus equilibration of chromite and coexisting silicates in the Eastern Bushveld complex
    • Cameron, E. N.: 1975, Postcumulus and subsolidus equilibration of chromite and coexisting silicates in the Eastern Bushveld complex. Geochimica and Cosmochimica Acta, 39, 1021-1033.
    • (1975) Geochimica and Cosmochimica Acta , vol.39 , pp. 1021-1033
    • Cameron, E.N.1
  • 10
    • 0010402591 scopus 로고
    • Chromite in the central sector of the Eastern Bushveld Complex, South Africa
    • Cameron, E. N.: 1977, Chromite in the central sector of the Eastern Bushveld Complex, South Africa, American Mineralogist, 62, 1082-1096.
    • (1977) American Mineralogist , vol.62 , pp. 1082-1096
    • Cameron, E.N.1
  • 11
    • 0000423428 scopus 로고
    • The lower zone of the eastern Bushveld complex in the Olifants river trough
    • Cameron, E. N.: 1978. The lower zone of the eastern Bushveld complex in the Olifants river trough. Journal of Petrology, 19, 437-462.
    • (1978) Journal of Petrology , vol.19 , pp. 437-462
    • Cameron, E.N.1
  • 12
    • 0019059246 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the Lower Critical Zone Central Sector eastern Bushveld Complex and its chromite deposits
    • Cameron, E. N.: 1980. Evolution of the Lower Critical Zone Central Sector eastern Bushveld Complex and its chromite deposits. Economic Geology, 75, 845-871.
    • (1980) Economic Geology , vol.75 , pp. 845-871
    • Cameron, E.N.1
  • 13
    • 0019899289 scopus 로고
    • The Upper Critical Zone of the eastern Bushveld Complex - Precursor to the Merensky Reef
    • Cameron, E. N.: 1982. The Upper Critical Zone of the eastern Bushveld Complex - precursor to the Merensky Reef. Economic Geology, 77, 1307-1327.
    • (1982) Economic Geology , vol.77 , pp. 1307-1327
    • Cameron, E.N.1
  • 14
    • 0020542027 scopus 로고
    • A model for the origin of the platinum-rich sulphide horizons in the Bushveld and Stillwater Complexes
    • Campbell, I. H.,Naldrett, A. J. and Barnes, S. J.: 1983, A model for the origin of the platinum-rich sulphide horizons in the Bushveld and Stillwater Complexes. Journal of Petrology, 24, 133-165.
    • (1983) Journal of Petrology , vol.24 , pp. 133-165
    • Campbell, I.H.1    Naldrett, A.J.2    Barnes, S.J.3
  • 15
    • 29444433794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pressure fluctuations and the formation of the PGE rich Merensky and chromitite reefs
    • Cawthorn R. G.: (2005). Pressure fluctuations and the formation of the PGE rich Merensky and chromitite reefs, Bushveld Complex. Mineralium Deposita, 40, 231-235.
    • (2005) Bushveld Complex. Mineralium Deposita , vol.40 , pp. 231-235
    • Cawthorn, R.G.1
  • 16
    • 0032407367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emplacement and crystallization time for the Bushveld complex
    • Cawthorn, R. G. and Walraven, F.: (1998), Emplacement and crystallization time for the Bushveld complex. Journal of Petrology, 39, 1669-1687.
    • (1998) Journal of Petrology , vol.39 , pp. 1669-1687
    • Cawthorn, R.G.1    Walraven, F.2
  • 17
    • 0035104712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connectivity between the Eastern and Western limbs of the Bushveld Complex
    • Cawthorn, R. G. and Webb, S. J.: 2001, Connectivity between the Eastern and Western limbs of the Bushveld Complex, Tectonophysics, , 330, 195-209
    • (2001) Tectonophysics , vol.330 , pp. 195-209
    • Cawthorn, R.G.1    Webb, S.J.2
  • 18
    • 3042817765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Platinum-group element deposits in the Bushveld Complex South Africa
    • (ed. L. J. Cabri) Ottawa Ontario. Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
    • Cawthorn, R. G., Merkle, R. K. and Viljoen, M. J.: 2002, Platinum-Group Element Deposits in the Bushveld Complex South Africa. In The Geology Geochemistry Mineralogy and Mineral Beneficiation of Platinum-Group Elements (ed. L. J. Cabri) Ottawa Ontario. Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Special Volume54, pp. 389-429.
    • (2002) The Geology Geochemistry Mineralogy and Mineral Beneficiation of Platinum-Group Elements , vol.54 , pp. 389-429
    • Cawthorn, R.G.1    Merkle, R.K.2    Viljoen, M.J.3
  • 19
    • 0024903163 scopus 로고
    • Geochemistry of the platinum-group elements in various types of spinels from the Vourinos ophiolitic complex, Greece
    • Cocherie A, Auge, T. and Meyer, G.: 1989, Geochemistry of the platinum-group elements in various types of spinels from the Vourinos ophiolitic complex, Greece, Chemical Geology, 77 (1989) 27-39
    • (1989) Chemical Geology , vol.77 , Issue.1989 , pp. 27-39
    • Cocherie, A.1    Auge, T.2    Meyer, G.3
  • 20
    • 0001622003 scopus 로고
    • The chromite deposits of the western belt of the Bushveld Complex
    • S. H. Haughton, ed., Geological Society of South Africa, Johannesburg
    • Cousins, C. A. and Feringa, G.: 1964, The chromite deposits of the western belt of the Bushveld Complex, in S. H. Haughton, ed., The geology of some ore deposits in Southern Africa, volume II, Geological Society of South Africa, Johannesburg, pp. 183-202
    • (1964) The Geology of Some Ore Deposits in Southern Africa , vol.2 , pp. 183-202
    • Cousins, C.A.1    Feringa, G.2
  • 21
    • 0001502210 scopus 로고
    • Pyrite-pentlandite assemblages and other low temperature relations in the Fe-Ni-S System
    • Craig, J. R.: 1973, Pyrite-pentlandite assemblages and other low temperature relations in the Fe-Ni-S System, American Journal of Science 273A, 496-510.
    • (1973) American Journal of Science , vol.273 A , pp. 496-510
    • Craig, J.R.1
  • 22
    • 0001379225 scopus 로고
    • Phase relations in the Cu-Fe- Ni-S system and their application to magmatic ore deposits
    • Craig, J. R., and Kullerud, G.: 1969. Phase relations in the Cu-Fe- Ni-S system and their application to magmatic ore deposits. Economic Geology Monograph, 4, 344-358.
    • (1969) Economic Geology Monograph , vol.4 , pp. 344-358
    • Craig, J.R.1    Kullerud, G.2
  • 25
    • 0002887631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of the chromium budget of the Western Limb of the Bushveld Complex
    • Eales, H. V.: 2000, Implications of the chromium budget of the Western Limb of the Bushveld Complex, South African Journal of Geology, 103, 141-150.
    • (2000) South African Journal of Geology , vol.103 , pp. 141-150
    • Eales, H.V.1
  • 26
    • 0030423050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bushveld complex
    • Cawthorn, R. G. (ed.), Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Eales, H. V. and Cawthorn, R. G.: 1996, The Bushveld Complex. In: Cawthorn, R. G. (ed.) Layered Intrusions. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 181-230.
    • (1996) Layered Intrusions , pp. 181-230
    • Eales, H.V.1    Cawthorn, R.G.2
  • 27
    • 0025592831 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for magma mixing processes within the Critical and Lower Zones of the Northwestern Bushveld Complex, South Africa
    • Eales, H. V., de Klerk, W. J. and Teigler, B.: 1990, Evidence for magma mixing processes within the Critical and Lower Zones of the Northwestern Bushveld Complex, South Africa, Chemical Geology, vol.88, 261-278
    • (1990) Chemical Geology , vol.88 , pp. 261-278
    • Eales, H.V.1    De Klerk, W.J.2    Teigler, B.3
  • 28
    • 0005658767 scopus 로고
    • Experimental investigation of physicochemical conditions of pentlandite formation
    • Fedorova, Zh. N. and Sinyakova, E. F.: 1993, Experimental investigation of physicochemical conditions of pentlandite formation, Russian Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 34, (2), 79-87.
    • (1993) Russian Journal of Geology and Geophysics , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 79-87
    • Fedorova Zh., N.1    Sinyakova, E.F.2
  • 29
    • 53249123182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiments and models bearing on the role of chromite as a collector of platinum group minerals by local reduction
    • Finnigan, C. S., Brenan, J. M., Mungall, J. E. and McDonough: 2008, Experiments and models bearing on the role of chromite as a collector of platinum group minerals by local reduction, Journal of Petrology, 49, 1647-1665
    • (2008) Journal of Petrology , vol.49 , pp. 1647-1665
    • Finnigan, C.S.1    Brenan, J.M.2    Mungall, J.E.3    McDonough4
  • 31
    • 0022181136 scopus 로고
    • The geological setting of the platiniferous UG-2 chromitite layer at the farm Mandagshoek, Eastern Bushveld Complex
    • Gain, S. B.: 1985, The geological setting of the platiniferous UG-2 chromitite layer at the farm Mandagshoek, Eastern Bushveld Complex, Economic Geology, 80, 925-943.
    • (1985) Economic Geology , vol.80 , pp. 925-943
    • Gain, S.B.1
  • 33
    • 0029508669 scopus 로고
    • Geology of the ultra basic to basic Uitkomst Complex, eastern Transvaal, South Africa: An overview
    • Gauert, C. D. K., de Waal, S. A., and Wallmach, T.: 1995, Geology of the ultrabasic to basic Uitkomst Complex, eastern Transvaal, South Africa: An overview: Journal of African Earth Sciences, 21, 553-570.
    • (1995) Journal of African Earth Sciences , vol.21 , pp. 553-570
    • Gauert, C.D.K.1    De Waal, S.A.2    Wallmach, T.3
  • 34
    • 0029479155 scopus 로고
    • Chemical mass transfer in magmatic processes IV. A revised and internally consistent thermodynamic model for the interpolation and extrapolation of liquid-solid equilibria in magmatic systems at elevated temperatures and pressures
    • Ghiorso, M. S., and Sack, R. O.: 1995, Chemical mass transfer in magmatic processes IV. A revised and internally consistent thermodynamic model for the interpolation and extrapolation of liquid-solid equilibria in magmatic systems at elevated temperatures and pressures. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 119, 197-212.
    • (1995) Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology , vol.119 , pp. 197-212
    • Ghiorso, M.S.1    Sack, R.O.2
  • 35
    • 0002053021 scopus 로고
    • On the occurrence of chromite along the southern and eastern margins of the Bushveld plutonic complex
    • Hall, A. L. and Humphrey, W. A.: 1908. On the occurrence of chromite along the southern and eastern margins of the Bushveld plutonic complex. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 11, 69-77
    • (1908) Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa , vol.11 , pp. 69-77
    • Hall, A.L.1    Humphrey, W.A.2
  • 36
    • 0022268021 scopus 로고
    • Field relations and Sr isotope systematics of the marginal rocks of the eastern Bushveld Complex
    • Harmer, R. E. and Sharpe, M. R.: 1985. Field relations and Sr isotope systematics of the marginal rocks of the eastern Bushveld Complex. Economic Geology 80, 813-837.
    • (1985) Economic Geology , vol.80 , pp. 813-837
    • Harmer, R.E.1    Sharpe, M.R.2
  • 37
    • 0002873782 scopus 로고
    • The geological setting and petrogenesis of the bushveld chromitite layers
    • C. W. Stowe ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, NY
    • Hatton, C. J. and von Gruenewaldt, G.: 1987, The geological setting and petrogenesis of the Bushveld chromitite layers, in C. W. Stowe ed. Evolution of chromium ore fields, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, NY, pp. 109-143.
    • (1987) Evolution of Chromium Ore Fields , pp. 109-143
    • Hatton, C.J.1    Von Gruenewaldt, G.2
  • 38
    • 0022268016 scopus 로고
    • Chromite from the Swartkop Chrome Mine - An estimate of the effects of sub-solidus equilibration
    • Hatton, C. J., and von Gruenewaldt, G.: 1985, Chromite from the Swartkop Chrome Mine - an estimate of the effects of sub-solidus equilibration, Economikc Geology, 80, 911-924.
    • (1985) Economikc Geology , vol.80 , pp. 911-924
    • Hatton, C.J.1    Von Gruenewaldt, G.2
  • 39
    • 0001254877 scopus 로고
    • The role of collectors in the formation of platinum deposits in the Bushveld
    • Hiemstra, S. A.: 1979. The role of collectors in the formation of platinum deposits in the Bushveld. Canadian Mineralogist, 17, 469-482.
    • (1979) Canadian Mineralogist , vol.17 , pp. 469-482
    • Hiemstra, S.A.1
  • 40
    • 0022268027 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of some platinum group elements in the UG-2 chromitite layer of the Bushveld Complex
    • Hiemstra, S. A.: 1985. 'The distribution of some platinum group elements in the UG-2 chromitite layer of the Bushveld Complex.' Economic Geology, 80, 944-957.
    • (1985) Economic Geology , vol.80 , pp. 944-957
    • Hiemstra, S.A.1
  • 41
    • 0002680326 scopus 로고
    • Chromian spinel as a petrogenetic indicator. Part 2. Petrological applications
    • Irvine, T. N.: 1967, Chromian spinel as a petrogenetic indicator. Part 2. Petrological applications. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 4, 71-103.
    • (1967) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.4 , pp. 71-103
    • Irvine, T.N.1
  • 42
    • 84872006476 scopus 로고
    • Origin of chromite layers in the Muskox intrusion and other stratiform intrusions: A new interpretation
    • Irvine, T. N.: 1977. Origin of chromite layers in the Muskox intrusion and other stratiform intrusions: a new interpretation. Geology, 5, 273-277.
    • (1977) Geology , vol.5 , pp. 273-277
    • Irvine, T.N.1
  • 43
    • 0039641664 scopus 로고
    • Chemical variation in coexisting chromite and olivine in chromitite zones of the Stillwater complex
    • Jackson, E. D.: 1969, Chemical variation in coexisting chromite and olivine in chromitite zones of the Stillwater complex, Economic Geology, Monograph 4, pp. 41-71.
    • (1969) Economic Geology, Monograph , vol.4 , pp. 41-71
    • Jackson, E.D.1
  • 45
    • 29544441093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Filling the Bushveld Complex magma chamber: Lateral expansion, roof and floor interaction, magmatic unconformities, and the formation of giant chromitite, PGE and Ti-V-magnetitite deposits
    • Kruger, F. J.: 2005, Filling the Bushveld Complex magma chamber: lateral expansion, roof and floor interaction, magmatic unconformities, and the formation of giant chromitite, PGE and Ti-V-magnetitite deposits, Mineralium Deposita 40, 451-472
    • (2005) Mineralium Deposita , vol.40 , pp. 451-472
    • Kruger, F.J.1
  • 46
    • 0028578584 scopus 로고
    • The Sr-isotope stratigraphy of the Western Bushveld Complex
    • Kruger, F. J.: 1994, The Sr-isotope stratigraphy of the Western Bushveld Complex, South African Journal of Earth Sciences, 97, 393-398
    • (1994) South African Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.97 , pp. 393-398
    • Kruger, F.J.1
  • 47
    • 0019923591 scopus 로고
    • Significance of Sr87/Sr86 ratios in the Merensky cyclic unit of the Bushveld Complex
    • Kruger, F. J. and Marsh, J. S.: 1982. Significance of Sr87/Sr86 ratios in the Merensky cyclic unit of the Bushveld Complex. Nature, 298, 53-55.
    • (1982) Nature , vol.298 , pp. 53-55
    • Kruger, F.J.1    Marsh, J.S.2
  • 48
    • 2142683253 scopus 로고
    • Platinum group element geochemistry of the lower and middle group chromitites of the eastern Bushveld Complex
    • Lee, C. A. and Parry, S. J.: 1988. Platinum group element geochemistry of the lower and middle group chromitites of the eastern Bushveld Complex. Economic Geology, 85, 877-883
    • (1988) Economic Geology , vol.85 , pp. 877-883
    • Lee, C.A.1    Parry, S.J.2
  • 49
    • 67649958549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulphur contents at Sulphide-liquid or anhydrite saturation in silicate melts: Empirical equations and example applications
    • Li, C. and Ripley, E. M.: 2009. Sulphur Contents at Sulphide- Liquid or Anhydrite Saturation in Silicate Melts: Empirical Equations and Example Applications, Economic Geology, 104, 405-412.
    • (2009) Economic Geology , vol.104 , pp. 405-412
    • Li, C.1    Ripley, E.M.2
  • 50
    • 28244494076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirical equations to predict the sulphur content of mafic magmas at sulphide saturation and applications to magmatic sulphide deposits
    • Li, C., and Ripley, E. M.: 2005, Empirical Equations to Predict the Sulphur Content of Mafic Magmas At Sulphide Saturation and Applications to Magmatic Sulphide Deposits, Mineralium Deposita, 40, 218-230.
    • (2005) Mineralium Deposita , vol.40 , pp. 218-230
    • Li, C.1    Ripley, E.M.2
  • 51
    • 59349085357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Platinum-group elements in the UG1 and UG2 chromitites, and the Bastard reef, at Impala platinum mine, western Bushveld Complex, South Africa: Evidence for late magmatic cumulate instability and reef constitution
    • Maier, W. D. and Barnes, S-J: 2008, Platinum-group elements in the UG1 and UG2 chromitites, and the Bastard reef, at Impala platinum mine, western Bushveld Complex, South Africa: Evidence for late magmatic cumulate instability and reef constitution, South African Journal of Geology, 111, 159-176.
    • (2008) South African Journal of Geology , vol.111 , pp. 159-176
    • Maier, W.D.1    Barnes, S.-J.2
  • 52
    • 0032844184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative effects of pressure temperature and oxygen fugacity on the solubility of sulphide in mafic magmas
    • Mavrogenes, J. A. and O'Neill, H. S. C.: 1999, The relative effects of pressure temperature and oxygen fugacity on the solubility of sulphide in mafic magmas. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 63, 1173-1180.
    • (1999) Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta , vol.63 , pp. 1173-1180
    • Mavrogenes, J.A.1    O'Neill, H.S.C.2
  • 53
    • 0000833758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-Os isotope and Pd/Ru variations in chromitites from the Critical Zone, Bushveld Complex, South Africa
    • McCandless, T. E, Ruiz, J., Adair, B. I. and Freydier, C.: 1999, Re-Os isotope and Pd/Ru variations in chromitites from the Critical Zone, Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63, 911-923.
    • (1999) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.63 , pp. 911-923
    • McCandless, T.E.1    Ruiz, J.2    Adair, B.I.3    Freydier, C.4
  • 54
    • 0019912499 scopus 로고
    • The Platinumgroup chemistry and mineralogy of the UG-2 chromitite Layer of the Bushveld complex
    • McLaren, C. H. and de Villiers, J. P. R.: 1982, The Platinumgroup chemistry and mineralogy of the UG-2 chromitite Layer of the Bushveld complex, Economic Geology, 77, 1348-1366.
    • (1982) Economic Geology , vol.77 , pp. 1348-1366
    • McLaren, C.H.1    De Villiers, J.P.R.2
  • 55
    • 0033105867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The giant chromite deposits at Kempirsai, Urals: Constraints from trace element (PGE, REE) and isotope data
    • Melcher, F., Grum, W., Thalhammer, T. V. and Thalhammer, O. A. R.: 1999, The giant chromite deposits at Kempirsai, Urals: constraints from trace element (PGE, REE) and isotope data, Mineralium Deposita 34, 250-272
    • (1999) Mineralium Deposita , vol.34 , pp. 250-272
    • Melcher, F.1    Grum, W.2    Thalhammer, T.V.3    Thalhammer, O.A.R.4
  • 56
    • 0026481923 scopus 로고
    • Platinum-group element minerals in the middle group of chromitite layers, western Bushveld complex: Indications for collection mechanisms and post magmatic modification
    • Merkle, R. K. W.: 1992, Platinum-group element minerals in the middle group of chromitite layers, western Bushveld complex: Indications for collection mechanisms and postmagmatic modification, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 29, 209-221.
    • (1992) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.29 , pp. 209-221
    • Merkle, R.K.W.1
  • 57
    • 0001016729 scopus 로고
    • The chemical compositions of synthetic and natural pentlandite assemblages
    • Misra, K. S. and Fleet, M. E.: 1973, The chemical compositions of synthetic and natural pentlandite assemblages, Economic Geology, 68, 518-539.
    • (1973) Economic Geology , vol.68 , pp. 518-539
    • Misra, K.S.1    Fleet, M.E.2
  • 58
    • 38949202639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Merensky Reef at Winnaarshoek, Eastern Bushveld Complex: A primary magmatic hypothesis based on a wide reef facies
    • Mitchell, A. A. and Scoon, R. N.: 2007, The Merensky Reef at Winnaarshoek, Eastern Bushveld Complex: A primary magmatic hypothesis based on a wide reef facies, Economic Geology, 102, 971-1009.
    • (2007) Economic Geology , vol.102 , pp. 971-1009
    • Mitchell, A.A.1    Scoon, R.N.2
  • 59
    • 0001180803 scopus 로고
    • A geological investigation of the Bushveld Complex in Sekhukhunelan and apart of the Steelpoort Valley
    • Molyneaux, T. G.: 1974. A geological investigation of the Bushveld Complex in Sekhukhunelan and apart of the Steelpoort Valley. Geological Society of South Africa Transactions, 77, 329-338.
    • (1974) Geological Society of South Africa Transactions , vol.77 , pp. 329-338
    • Molyneaux, T.G.1
  • 60
    • 33847345551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of the UG2 cChromitite layer, bushveld complex
    • Mondal, S. K. and Mathez, E. A.: 2007, Origin of the UG2 Chromitite Layer, Bushveld Complex, Journal of Petrology, 48, 495-510.7
    • (2007) Journal of Petrology , vol.48 , pp. 495-510
    • Mondal, S.K.1    Mathez, E.A.2
  • 61
    • 34548562407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Os isotope systematics of Mesoarchean chromitite PGE deposits in the Singhbhum Craton (India): Implications for the evolution of lithospheric mantle
    • Mondal S. K., Frei R, Ripley E. M.: (2007) Os isotope systematics of Mesoarchean chromitite PGE deposits in the Singhbhum Craton (India): implications for the evolution of lithospheric mantle. Chem. Geol., 244, 391-408
    • (2007) Chem. Geol. , vol.244 , pp. 391-408
    • Mondal, S.K.1    Frei, R.2    Ripley, E.M.3
  • 62
    • 77749326544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enrichment of PGE through interaction of evolved boninitic magmas with early formed cumulates in a gabbro-breccia zone of the Mesoarchean Nuasahi massif (eastern India)
    • DOI 10.1007/ s00126-009-0264-0
    • Mondal S. K. and Zhou M. F.: (2009) Enrichment of PGE through interaction of evolved boninitic magmas with early formed cumulates in a gabbro-breccia zone of the Mesoarchean Nuasahi massif (eastern India). Mineral. Deposita, DOI 10.1007/ s00126-009-0264-0.
    • (2009) Mineral. Deposita
    • Mondal, S.K.1    Zhou, M.F.2
  • 63
    • 33745267265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genesis of Archaean chromitites from the Nuasahi and Sukinda massifs in the Singhbhum Craton, India
    • Mondal, S. K, Ripley, E. M., Li, C., Frei, R.: 2006,The genesis of Archaean chromitites from the Nuasahi and Sukinda massifs in the Singhbhum Craton, India, Precambrian Research, 148, 45-66.
    • (2006) Precambrian Research , vol.148 , pp. 45-66
    • Mondal, S.K.1    Ripley, E.M.2    Li, C.3    Frei, R.4
  • 64
    • 2142778108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model for co-precipitation of platinum group minerals with chromite from silicate melts
    • July, Stillwater, USA. Available at
    • Mungall, J.: 2002. A model for co-precipitation of platinum group minerals with chromite from silicate melts. In: Abstracts, 9th International Platinum Symposium, July, Stillwater, USA. (Available at http://www. nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/boudreau/ IPS-Abstracts.htm.)
    • (2002) Abstracts, 9th International Platinum Symposium
    • Mungall, J.1
  • 66
    • 33845395797 scopus 로고
    • Platinum metals in magmatic sulphide ores
    • Naldrett, A. J., and Duke, J. M.: 1980, Platinum Metals in Magmatic Sulphide Ores. Science, 208, 1417-1424.
    • (1980) Science , vol.208 , pp. 1417-1424
    • Naldrett, A.J.1    Duke, J.M.2
  • 67
    • 0024225058 scopus 로고
    • Spinel non-stoichiometry as the explanation for Ni-Cu-and PGE-enriched sulphides in chromitites
    • (eds. H. Prichard P. Potts J. Bowles and S. Cribb) Elsevier London
    • Naldrett AJ and Lehmann J: 1988. Spinel non-stoichiometry as the explanation for Ni- Cu- and PGE-enriched sulphides in chromitites. In Geoplatinum '87 (eds. H. Prichard P. Potts J. Bowles and S. Cribb) Elsevier London p. 93-110.
    • (1988) Geoplatinum , vol.87 , pp. 93-110
    • Naldrett, A.J.1    Lehmann, J.2
  • 68
    • 0024302044 scopus 로고
    • The association of PGE with chromitite in layered intrusions and ophiolite complexes
    • Naldrett, A. J. and von Gruenewaldt, G.: 1989. The association of PGE with chromitite in layered intrusions and ophiolite complexes. Economic Geology 84, 180-187.
    • (1989) Economic Geology , vol.84 , pp. 180-187
    • Naldrett, A.J.1    Von Gruenewaldt, G.2
  • 69
    • 0001444888 scopus 로고
    • The composition of Ni-sulphide ores with particular reference to their content of PGE and Au
    • Naldrett, A. J., Hoffman, E. L., Green, A. H., Chou, C. L., Naldrett, S. R. and Alcock, R. A.: 1979, The composition of Ni-sulphide ores with particular reference to their content of PGE and Au. Can. Mineralogist, 17, Pt. 2, 403-415.
    • (1979) Can. Mineralogist , vol.17 , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 403-415
    • Naldrett, A.J.1    Hoffman, E.L.2    Green, A.H.3    Chou, C.L.4    Naldrett, S.R.5    Alcock, R.A.6
  • 70
    • 55049101778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The concentration of PGE in the earth's crust with special reference to the Bushveld Complex
    • Naldrett, Tony, Kinnaird, Judith, Wilson, Allan and Chunnett, Gordon: 2008, The concentration of PGE in the earth's crust with special reference to the Bushveld Complex. Earth Science Frontiers 15, (5), 264-297.
    • (2008) Earth Science Frontiers , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 264-297
    • Tony, N.1    Judith, K.2    Allan, W.3    Gordon, C.4
  • 71
    • 65649083747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PGE Tenor andMetal Ratios within and below the Merensky Reef, Bushveld Complex: Implications for its Genesis
    • Doi:10.1093/Petrology/Egp015
    • Naldrett, A. J., Wilson, Allan, Kinnaird Judith and Chunnett, Gordon: 2009, PGE Tenor andMetal Ratios within and below the Merensky Reef, Bushveld Complex: Implications for its Genesis, Journal of Petrology, Doi:10.1093/Petrology/Egp015
    • (2009) Journal of Petrology
    • Naldrett, A.J.1    Allan, W.2    Judith, K.3    Gordon, C.4
  • 72
    • 0040319328 scopus 로고
    • The central portion of the Fe-Ni-S systemand its bearing on pentlandite solution in iron-nickel sulphide ores
    • Naldrett, A. J., Craig, J. R. and Kullerud, G.: 1967. The central portion of the Fe-Ni-S systemand its bearing on pentlandite solution in iron-nickel sulphide ores. Economic Geology, 62, 826-847.
    • (1967) Economic Geology , vol.62 , pp. 826-847
    • Naldrett, A.J.1    Craig, J.R.2    Kullerud, G.3
  • 73
    • 8744225419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of bifurcating chromitite layers of the UG1 in the Bushveld Igneous Complex, an analogy with sand volcanoes
    • Nex, P. A. M.: 2004, Formation of bifurcating chromitite layers of the UG1 in the Bushveld Igneous Complex, an analogy with sand volcanoes. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 161, 903-909.
    • (2004) Journal of the Geological Society, London , vol.161 , pp. 903-909
    • Nex, P.A.M.1
  • 74
    • 0022853590 scopus 로고
    • Cryptic compositional variations in laurite and enclosing chromite from the Bird River sill
    • Ohnenstetter, D., Watkinson, D. H., Jones, P. C. and Talkington, R .: 1986, Cryptic compositional variations in laurite and enclosing chromite from the Bird River sill, Manitoba: Economic Geology, 81, 1159-1168.
    • (1986) Manitoba: Economic Geology , vol.81 , pp. 1159-1168
    • Ohnenstetter, D.1    Watkinson, D.H.2    Jones, P.C.3    Talkington, R.4
  • 75
    • 0021372414 scopus 로고
    • Palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium and iridium in peridotites and chromitites from ophiolite complexes in Newfoundland
    • Page, N. J. and Talkington, R. W.: 1984, Palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium and iridium in peridotites and chromitites from ophiolite complexes in Newfoundland, Canadian Mineralogist, 22, 137-149
    • (1984) Canadian Mineralogist , vol.22 , pp. 137-149
    • Page, N.J.1    Talkington, R.W.2
  • 76
    • 0019913227 scopus 로고
    • Palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium and iridium in chromitites from the Massif du Sud and Teibaghi Massif, New Caledonia
    • Page, N. J., Cassard, D. and Haffty, J.: 1982. Palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium and iridium in chromitites from the Massif du Sud and Teibaghi Massif, New Caledonia. Economic Geology, 77, 1571-1577.
    • (1982) Economic Geology , vol.77 , pp. 1571-1577
    • Page, N.J.1    Cassard, D.2    Haffty, J.3
  • 77
    • 0021335720 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of platinum-group elements in the Bati Kef chromite deposit, Guleman-Elazig area, Eastern Turkey
    • Page, N. J., Engin, T., Singer, D. A. and Haffty, J.: 1984. Distribution of platinum-group elements in the Bati Kef chromite deposit, Guleman-Elazig area, Eastern Turkey, Economic Geology, 70, 177-184.
    • (1984) Economic Geology , vol.70 , pp. 177-184
    • Page, N.J.1    Engin, T.2    Singer, D.A.3    Haffty, J.4
  • 78
    • 0033190286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lateral variations in the platinum-group element content and mineralogy of the UG-2 chromitite layer, Bushveld complex
    • Penberthy, C. J. and Merkle, R. K. W.: 1999, Lateral variations in the platinum-group element content and mineralogy of the UG-2 chromitite layer, Bushveld complex, South African Journal of Geology, 102, 240-250.
    • (1999) South African Journal of Geology , vol.102 , pp. 240-250
    • Penberthy, C.J.1    Merkle, R.K.W.2
  • 79
    • 0029730940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model to explain the occurrence of Platinum- and Palladium-rich Ophiolite Complexes
    • Prichard, H. M. Lord, R. A. and Neary, C. R.: 1996, A model to explain the occurrence of Platinum- and Palladium-rich Ophiolite Complexes, Journal of the Geological Society, London, 153, 323-328
    • (1996) Journal of the Geological Society, London , vol.153 , pp. 323-328
    • Prichard, H.M.1    Lord, R.A.2    Neary, C.R.3
  • 80
    • 61849163787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PGE-rich podiform chromitites in the Al 'Ays ophiolite complex, Saudi Arabia: An example of critical mantle melting to extract and concentrate PGE
    • Prichard, H. M., Neary, C. R., Fisher, P. C. and O'Hara, M. J.: 2008, PGE-rich podiform chromitites in the Al 'Ays ophiolite complex, Saudi Arabia: An example of critical mantle melting to extract and concentrate PGE, Economic Geology, 103, 1507-1529.
    • (2008) Economic Geology , vol.103 , pp. 1507-1529
    • Prichard, H.M.1    Neary, C.R.2    Fisher, P.C.3    O'Hara, M.J.4
  • 84
    • 0038658192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium
    • Handbook, (eds.M.G. C.Wilson and C. R.Anhaeusser)Handbook Council for Geosciences, CTP Book Printers, Cape Town
    • Schurmann, L. W., Grabe, P-J. and Steenkamp, C. J.: 1998, Chromium, in The Mineral Resources of South Africa. Handbook, (eds.M.G. C.Wilson and C. R.Anhaeusser)Handbook 16, Council for Geosciences, CTP Book Printers, Cape Town, pp. 90-105
    • (1998) The Mineral Resources of South Africa , vol.16 , pp. 90-105
    • Schurmann, L.W.1    Grabe, P.-J.2    Steenkamp, C.J.3
  • 85
    • 53749083818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precise age of the platiniferous Merensky Reef, Bushveld Complex, South Africa, by the U-Pb zircon chemical abrasion ID-TIMS technique
    • Scoates, J. S. and Friedman, R. M.: 2008, Precise age of the platiniferous Merensky Reef, Bushveld Complex, South Africa, by the U-Pb zircon chemical abrasion ID-TIMS technique. Economic Geology 103, 465-471
    • (2008) Economic Geology , vol.103 , pp. 465-471
    • Scoates, J.S.1    Friedman, R.M.2
  • 86
    • 0028682349 scopus 로고
    • Platinum-group element mineralization in the critical zone of the western bushveld complex: I. Sulphide-poor chromitites below the UG-2
    • Scoon, R. N. and Teigler, B.: 1994, Platinum-group element mineralization in the Critical Zone of the Western Bushveld Complex: I. Sulphide-poor chromitites below the UG-2, Economic Geology, 89, 1094-1121.
    • (1994) Economic Geology , vol.89 , pp. 1094-1121
    • Scoon, R.N.1    Teigler, B.2
  • 87
    • 29444453497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Merensky Reef, Bushveld Complex: Mixing of minerals not mixing of magmas
    • Seabrook, C. L., Cawthorn, R. G. and Kruger, F. J.: 2005,The Merensky Reef, Bushveld Complex: Mixing of minerals not mixing of magmas. Economic Geology, 100, 1191-1206.
    • (2005) Economic Geology , vol.100 , pp. 1191-1206
    • Seabrook, C.L.1    Cawthorn, R.G.2    Kruger, F.J.3
  • 88
    • 0003174119 scopus 로고
    • Pentlandite phase relations in the Fe-Ni-S System and notes on the monosulphide solid solution
    • Shewman, R. W. and Clark, L. A.: 1970, Pentlandite phase relations in the Fe-Ni-S System and notes on the monosulphide solid solution, Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 7, 67-85.
    • (1970) Canadian Journal of Earth Science , vol.7 , pp. 67-85
    • Shewman, R.W.1    Clark, L.A.2
  • 89
    • 0016543388 scopus 로고
    • Solubility of sulphur in an ultramafic melt and the relevance of the system Fe-S-0
    • Shima H and Naldrett AJ: 1975. Solubility of sulphur in an ultramafic melt and the relevance of the system Fe-S-0. Economic Geology, 70, 960-967.
    • (1975) Economic Geology , vol.70 , pp. 960-967
    • Shima, H.1    Naldrett, A.J.2
  • 90
    • 0035387907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Chromite deposits of the bacuri mafic-ultramafic layered complex, Guyana shield, amapá state, Brazil
    • Spier, C. A. and Ferreira Filho, C. F.: 2001, The Chromite Deposits of the Bacuri Mafic-Ultramafic Layered Complex, Guyana Shield, Amapá State, Brazil Economic Geology, 96, 817-835
    • (2001) Economic Geology , vol.96 , pp. 817-835
    • Spier, C.A.1    Ferreira Filho, C.F.2
  • 91
    • 0034629857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirical relationship between temperature, pressure and MgO content in olivine and pyroxene saturated liquid
    • Sugawara, T.: 2000, Empirical relationship between temperature, pressure and MgO content in olivine and pyroxene saturated liquid, Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 8457-8472.
    • (2000) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.105 , pp. 8457-8472
    • Sugawara, T.1
  • 92
    • 0027865004 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between chromite composition and PGE mineralization in the Critical Zone of the Western Bushveld Complex
    • Teigler, B. and Eales, H. V.: 1993, Correlation between chromite composition and PGE mineralization in the Critical Zone of the Western Bushveld Complex, Mineralium Deposita, 28, 291-302.
    • (1993) Mineralium Deposita , vol.28 , pp. 291-302
    • Teigler, B.1    Eales, H.V.2
  • 93
    • 43049130012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The geology and structure of the Rustenburg Layered Suite in the Potgietersrus/Mokapane area of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa
    • Van der Merwe, M. J.: 2008, The geology and structure of the Rustenburg Layered Suite in the Potgietersrus/Mokapane area of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Mineralium Deposita 43, 405-420.
    • (2008) Mineralium Deposita , vol.43 , pp. 405-420
    • Van Der Merwe, M.J.1
  • 96
    • 0002699789 scopus 로고
    • The main and upper zones of the Bushveld complex in the Roossenekal area Eastern Transvaal
    • Von Gruenewaldt, G.: 1973. The main and upper zones of the Bushveld complex in the Roossenekal area Eastern Transvaal. Geological Society of South Africa Transactions, 76, 207-227.
    • (1973) Geological Society of South Africa Transactions , vol.76 , pp. 207-227
    • Von Gruenewaldt, G.1
  • 97
    • 0001461860 scopus 로고
    • A review of some recent concepts of the Bushveld Complex with particular reference to sulphide mineralization
    • Von Gruenewaldt, G.: 1979. A review of some recent concepts of the Bushveld Complex with particular reference to sulphide mineralization. Canadian Mineralogist, 17, 233-256.
    • (1979) Canadian Mineralogist , vol.17 , pp. 233-256
    • Von Gruenewaldt, G.1
  • 98
    • 0022838272 scopus 로고
    • Platinum group element-chromitite associations in the Bushveld Complex
    • Von Gruenewald, G., Hatton, C. J., Merkle, R. K. W. and Gain, S. B.: 1986, Platinum group element-chromitite associations in the Bushveld Complex. Economic Geology, 81, 1067-1079.
    • (1986) Economic Geology , vol.81 , pp. 1067-1079
    • Von Gruenewald, G.1    Hatton, C.J.2    Merkle, R.K.W.3    Gain, S.B.4
  • 99
    • 70949098465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrusive origin for Upper Group (UG1, UG2) stratiform chromitite seams in the Dwars River area
    • DOI 10.1007/s00710-009-0072-73
    • Voordouw, R., Gutzmer, J. and Beukes, N. J.: 2009, Intrusive origin for Upper Group (UG1, UG2) stratiform chromitite seams in the Dwars River area, Bushveld Complex, South Africa, Mineralogy and Petrology, DOI 10.1007/s00710-009-0072-73
    • (2009) Bushveld Complex, South Africa, Mineralogy and Petrology
    • Voordouw, R.1    Gutzmer, J.2    Beukes, N.J.3
  • 101
    • 0002619727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochronology of the rooiberg group, transvaal supergroup, South Africa
    • University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
    • Walraven F.: 1997, Geochronology of the Rooiberg Group, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Economic Geology Research Institute Information Circular 316, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 21pp.
    • (1997) Economic Geology Research Institute Information Circular , vol.316 , pp. 21
    • Walraven, F.1
  • 102
    • 4444275831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gravity modelling of Bushveld Complex connectivity supported by South African seismic results
    • Webb, S. J., Cawthorn, R. G., Nguuri, T. and James, D.: 2004, Gravity modelling of Bushveld Complex connectivity supported by South African seismic results, South African Journal of Geology, 107, 207-218.
    • (2004) South African Journal of Geology , vol.107 , pp. 207-218
    • Webb, S.J.1    Cawthorn, R.G.2    Nguuri, T.3    James, D.4
  • 103
    • 0019909715 scopus 로고
    • Sulphur saturation of basalt and andesite melts at high pressures and temperatures
    • Wendlandt RF: 1982. Sulphur saturation of basalt and andesite melts at high pressures and temperatures. American Mineralogist, 67, 877-885.
    • (1982) American Mineralogist , vol.67 , pp. 877-885
    • Wendlandt, R.F.1
  • 104
    • 33747424001 scopus 로고
    • The geology of the great 'Dyke', Zimbabwe: The ultramafic rocks
    • Wilson, A. H.: 1982. The geology of the great 'Dyke', Zimbabwe: The ultramafic rocks. Jour. Petrol. 42, 109-124.
    • (1982) Jour. Petrol. , vol.42 , pp. 109-124
    • Wilson, A.H.1
  • 105
    • 33846008075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trace element and platinum group element distributions and the genesis of the merensky reef, western bushveld complex, South Africa
    • Wilson, A. H. and Chunnett G. C: 2006, Trace Element and Platinum Group Element Distributions and the Genesis of the Merensky Reef, Western Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Journal of Petrology, 47, 2369-2403.
    • (2006) Journal of Petrology , vol.47 , pp. 2369-2403
    • Wilson, A.H.1    Chunnett, G.C.2
  • 106
    • 0031851321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controls on platinum-group elemental distributions of podiform chromitites: A case study of high-Cr and high-Al chromitites from Chinese orogenic belts
    • Zhou, Mei-Fu, Sun, Min, Keays, Reid R., and Kerrich, Robert W.: 1998, Controls on platinum-group elemental distributions of podiform chromitites: A case study of high-Cr and high-Al chromitites from Chinese orogenic belts, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62, 677-688.
    • (1998) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.62 , pp. 677-688
    • Mei-Fu, Z.1    Min, S.2    Keays, R.R.3    Kerrich, R.W.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.