Implications of the chromium budget of the Western Limb of the Bushveld Complex

South African Journal of Geology

Volumn 103, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 141-150

  Eales, H V ^a  

^a RHODES UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002887631     PISSN: 10120750     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/103.2.141     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Arndt, N.T., Naldrett, A.J. and Pyke, D.R. (1977). Komatiitic and iron-rich tholeiitic lavas of Munro Township, Northeast Ontario. J. Petrol., 18, 319-369.
2. Barnes, S.J. (1986). The distribution of chromium among orthopyroxene, spinel and silicate liquid at atmospheric pressure. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 50, 1889-1909.
3. Beswick, A.E. (1982). Some geochemical aspects of alteration, and genetic relations in komatiitic suites. In: Arndt N.T. and Nisbet, E.G. (Eds.), Komaliites. Allen and Unwin, Lond., U.K., 283-308.
4. Binns, R.A., Hallberg, J.A. and Taplin, J.H. (1982). Komatiites in the Yilgarn Block, Western Australia. In: Arndt N.T. and Nisbet, E.G. (Eds.), Komaliites. Allen and Unwin, Lond., U.K., 117-130.
5. Boudreau, A.E. (1994). Mineral segregation during crystal ageing in two-crystal, two-component systems. S. Afr. J. Geol., 97, 473-485.
6. Bristow, D.M. (1989). The petrology and geochemistry of the Lower Critical Zone, Winterveld Chrome Mine. Ph.D. thesis (unpubl.), Univ. Natal, Pietermaritzburg, S.Afr, 356 pp.
7. Cameron, E.N. (1978). The Lower Zone of the Eastern Bushveld Complex in the Olifants River trough. J. Petrol., 19, 437-462.
8. Cameron, E.N. (1980). Evolution of the Lower Critical Zone, Central Sector, Eastern Bushveld Complex. Econ. Geol., 75, 845-871.
9. Cawthorn, R.G. and McCarthy, T.S. (1980). Variations in Cr content of magnetite from the Upper Zone of the Bushveld Complex. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 46, 335-343.
10. Cawthorn, R.G. and Molyneux, T.G. (1986). The vanadiferous magnetite deposits of the Bushveld Complex. In: Anhaeusser, C.R. and Maske, S. (Eds.), Mineral Deposits of Southern Africa. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., Johannesburg, S. Afr., II, 1251-1266.
11. Cawthorn, R.G. and Walraven, F. (1998). Emplacement and crystallization time for the Bushveld Complex. J. Petrol., 39, 1669-1687.
12. Cawthorn, R.G., Meyer, P.S. and Kruger, F.J. (1991). Major addition of magma at the Pyroxenite Marker in the Western Bushveld Complex. J. Petrol., 32, 739-762.
13. Cawthorn, R.G., Cooper, G.R.J. and Webb, S.J. (1998). Connectivity between the western and eastern limbs of the Bushveld Complex. S. Afr. J. Geol., 101, 291-298.
14. Cox, K.G., Bell, J.D. and Pankhurst, R.J. (1979). The Interpretation of Igneous Rocks. Allen and Unwin, Lond., U.K., 450 pp.
15. Crawford, A.J., Falloon, T.J. and Green, D.H. (1989). Classification, petrogenesis and tectonic setting of boninites. In: Crawford, A.J. (Ed.), Boninites and Related Rocks. Unwin Hyman, Lond., U.K., 1-49.
16. Davies, G. and Cawthorn, R.G. (1984). Mineralogical data on a multiple intrusion in the Rustenburg Layered Suite of the Bushveld Complex. Mineralog. Mag., 48, 469-480.
17. Davies, G. and Tredoux, M. (1985). Platinum-group element and gold contents of the marginal rocks and sills of the Bushveld Complex. Econ. Geol., 80, 838-848.
18. Davies, G., Cawthorn, R.G., Barton, J.M. and Morton, M. (1980). Parental magma to the Bushveld Complex. Nature, 287, 33-35.
19. De Klerk, W.J. (1991). Petrogenesis of the Upper Critical Zone in the Western Bushveld Complex. Ph.D thesis (unpubl.), Rhodes Univ., Grahamstown, S. Afr., 294 pp.
20. Dickey, J.S. (1976). A hypothesis of origin for podiform chromite deposits. In: Irvine, T.N. (Ed.), Chromium: Its Physicochemical Behaviour and Petrologic Significance. Pergamon Press, New York, U.K., 1061-1074.
21. Eales, H.V. and Cawthorn, R.G. (1996). The Bushveld Complex. In: Cawthorn, R.G. (Ed.), Layered Intrusions. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 181-230.
22. Eales, H.V. and Reynolds, I.M. (1986). Cryptic variations within chromites of the Upper Critical Zone, Northwestern Bushveld Complex. Econ. Geol., 81, 1056-1066.
23. Eales, H.V., Marsh, J.S., Mitchell, A.A., De Klerk, W.J., Kruger, F.J. and Field, M. (1986). Some geochemical constraints upon models for the crystallization of the Upper Critical Zone-Main Zone interval, Northwestern Bushveld Complex. Mineralog. Mag., 50, 567-582.
24. Eales, H.V., Field, M., De Klerk, W.J. and Scoon, R.N. (1988). Regional trends of chemical variation and thermal erosion in the Upper Critical Zone, Western Bushveld Complex. Mineralog. Mag., 52, 63-79.
25. Eales, H.V., De Klerk, W.J., Butcher, A.R. and Kruger, F.J. (1990a). The cyclic unit beneath the UG1 Chromitite (UG1FW unit) at RPM Union Section Platinum Mine. Mineralog. Mag., 54, 23-43.
26. Eales, H.V., De Klerk, W.J. and Teigler, B. (1990b). Evidence for magma mixing processes within the Critical and Lower Zones of the Northwestern Bushveld Complex. Chem. Geol., 88, 261-278.
27. Eales, H.V., Botha, W.J., Hattingh, P.J., De Klerk, W.J., Maier, W.D. and Odgers, A.T.R. (1993). The mafic rocks of the Bushveld Complex: a review. J. Afr. Earth Sci., 16, 121-142.
28. Eales, H.V., De Klerk, W.J., Teigler, B. and Maier, W.D. (1994). Nature and origin of orthopyroxenites in the Western Bushveld Complex, in the light of compositional data. S. Afr. J. Geol., 97, 399-407.
29. Engelbrecht, J.P. (1990). The Marico Hypabyssal Suite and the Marginal Zone of the Bushveld Complex. S. Afr. J. Geol., 93, 318-328.
30. 2O-undersaturated conditions. J. Petrol., 41, 257-283.
31. Haikney, S.A. (1992). The nature of olivine-rich cumulate rocks of the Lower Critical and Lower Zones of the Northwestern Bushveld Complex. M.Sc. thesis (unpubl.), Rhodes Univ., Grahamstown, S. Afr., 125 pp.
32. Harmer, R.E. and Sharpe, M.R. (1985). Field relations and strontium isotope systematics of the marginal rocks of the eastern Bushveld Complex. Econ. Geol., 80, 813-837.
33. Hatton, C.J. and Sharpe, M.R. (1989). Significance and origin of boninite-like rocks associated with the Bushveld Complex. In: Crawford, A.J. (Ed.), Boninites and Related Rocks. Unwin Hyman, Lond., U.K., 174-207.
34. Hatton, C.J. and Von Gruenewaldt, G. (1987). Geological setting and petrogenesis of the Bushveld chromitite layers. In: Stowe, C.W. (Ed.), Evolution of Chromium Ore Fields. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, U.S.A., 109-143.
35. Hill, R. and Roeder, P. (1974). The crystallization of spinel from a basaltic liquid as a function of oxygen fugacity. J. Geol., 82, 709-729.
36. Hoyle, P. (1999). The Upper Zone of the Northwestern Bushveld Complex. Unfinished Ph.D. thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, S.Afr.
37. Hulbert, L.J. and Von Gruenewaldt, G. (1985). Textural and compositional features of chromite in the Lower and Critical Zones of the Bushveld Complex south of Potgietersrus. Econ. Geol., 80, 872-895.
38. Hunter, R.H. (1987). Textural equilibrium in layered igneous rocks. In: Parsons, I. (Ed.), Origins of Igneous Layering. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Germany, 473-504.
39. Irvine, T.N. (1975). Crystallization sequences in the Muskox intrusion and other layered intrusions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 39, 991-1020.
40. Irvine, T.N. (1977). Origin of chromitite layers in the Muskox intrusion. Geology, 5, 273-277.
41. Kruger, F.J. (1994). The Sr-isotopic stratigraphy of the western Bushveld Complex. S. Afr. J. Geol., 97, 393-398.
42. 86Sr ratios in the Merensky cyclic unit. Nature, 298, 53-55.
43. Lipin, B.R. (1993). Pressure increases, the formation of chromite seams, and the development of the Ultramafic Series in the Stillwater Complex, Montana. J. Petrol., 34, 955-976.
44. Maier, W.D. (1991). Geochemical and petrological trends in the UG2-Merensky Unit interval of the Upper Critical Zone. Ph.D. thesis (unpubl.), Rhodes Univ., Grahamstown, S. Afr., 241 pp.
45. Maier, W.D. and Eales, H.V. (1994). A facies model for the interval between the UG2 and Merensky Reef, Western Bushveld Complex. Trans. Inst. Min. Metall. (Sect. B: Appl. Earth Sci.), 103, B22-B30.
46. Maier, W.D. and Eales, H.V. (1997). Correlation within the UG2-Merensky Reef interval of the Western Bushveld Complex. Bull. Geol. Surv. S. Afr., 120, 56 pp.
47. Marsh, J.S. and Eales, H.V. (1984). The chemistry and petrogenesis of igneous rocks of the Karoo Central Area, Southern Africa. In: Erlank, A.J. (Ed.), Petrogenesis of the Volcanic Rocks of the Karoo Province. Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., Johannesburg, S. Afr., 13, 27-67.
48. Meyer, R. and De Beer, J.H. (1987). The structure of the Bushveld Complex from resistivity measurements. Nature, 325, 610-612.
49. Mitchell, A.A. (1986). The petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of the Main Zone of the Bushveld Complex at Rustenburg Platinum Mine, Union Section. Ph.D. thesis (unpubl.), Rhodes Univ., Grahamstown, S. Afr., 157 pp.
50. Murck, B.W. and Campbell, I.H. (1986). The effects of temperature, oxygen fugacity and melt composition on the behaviour of chromium in basic and ultrabasic melts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 50, 1871-1887.
51. Nisbet, E.G., Arndt, N.T., Bickle, M.J., Cameron, W.E., Chauvel, C., Cheadle, M., Hegner, E., Kyser, T.K., Martin, A., Renner, R. and Roedder, E. (1987). Uniquely fresh 2.7 Ga komatiites from the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe. Geology, 15, 1147-1150.
52. Prinz, M. (1967). Geochemistry of basaltic rocks. In: Hess, H.H. and Poldervaart, A. (Eds.), Basalts. Interscience Publishers, Lond., U.K., 271-323.
53. Quadling, K. and Cawthorn, R.G. (1994). The layered gabbronorite sequence, Main Zone, eastern Bushveld Complex. S. Afr. J. Geol., 97, 442-454.
54. Reynolds, I.M. (1986). The mineralogy and ore petrography of the Bushveld titaniferous magnetite-rich layers. In: Anhaeusser, C.R. and Maske, S. (Eds.), Mineral Deposits of Southern Africa. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., Johannesburg, S. Afr., 1267-1286.
55. Rice, A. and Von Gruenewaldt, G. (1995). Shear aggregation (convective scavenging) and cascade enrichment of PGEs and chromite in mineralized layers of large layered intrusions. Mineral. Petrol., 54, 105-117.
56. Scoon, R.N. (1985). Discordant bodies ofpostcumulus ultramafic rock in the Upper Critical Zone of the Bushveld Complex. Ph.D. thesis (unpubl.), Rhodes Univ., Grahamstown, S. Afr., 265 pp.
57. Sharpe, M.R. (1985). Strontium isotope evidence for preserved density stratification in the Main Zone of the Bushveld Complex. Nature, 316, 119-126.
58. Sharpe, M.R. and Hulbert, L.J. (1985). Ultramafic sills beneath the Eastern Bushveld Complex. Econ. Geol., 80, 849-871.
59. Smith, H.S. and Erlank, A.J. (1982). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of komatiites from the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa. In: Arndt, N.T. and Nisbet, E.G. (Eds.), Komatiites. Allen and Unwin, Lond., U.K., 347-397.
60. Tegner, C., Wilson, J.R. and Cawthorn, R.G. (1994). The dunite-clinopyroxenite pipe, Tweefontein, eastern Bushveld Complex. S. Afr. J. Geol., 97, 415-430.
61. Teigler, B. (1990). Mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry of the Lower and Lower Critical Zones, Northwestern Bushveld Complex. Ph.D. thesis (unpubl.), Grahamstown, S. Afr., 247 pp.
62. Teigler, B. and Eales, H. V. (1996). The Lower and Critical Zones of the western limb of the Bushveld Complex. Bull. Geol. Surv. S. Afr., 111, 126 pp.
63. Teigler, B., Eales, H.V. and Scoon, R.N. (1992). The cumulate succession of the Critical Zone of the Rustenburg Layered Suite at Brits, western Bushveld Complex. S. Afr. J. Geol., 95, 17-28.
64. Ulmer, G.C. (1969). Experimental investigations of chromite spinels. In: Wilson, H.D.B. (Ed.), Magmatic Ore Deposits. Monogr. Econ. Geol., 4, 114-131.
65. Walter, M.J. (1998). Melting of garnet peridotite and the origin of komatiite and depleted lithosphere. J. Petrol., 39, 29-60.