메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 63, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 911-923

Re-Os isotope and Pd/Ru variations in chromitites from the Critical Zone, Bushveld Complex, South Africa

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0000833758     PISSN: 00167037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00092-7     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (50)

References (83)
  • 1
    • 0346893259 scopus 로고
    • Osmium isotopic disequilibrium in the Bushveld Complex
    • Adair B. I., Wilke G., Ruiz J., and McCandless T. E. (1994) Osmium isotopic disequilibrium in the Bushveld Complex. Eos 75, 710.
    • (1994) Eos , vol.75 , pp. 710
    • Adair, B.I.1    Wilke, G.2    Ruiz, J.3    McCandless, T.E.4
  • 2
    • 0031597321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pb and Os constraints on the composition and rheology of the lower crust
    • Asmerom Y. and Walker R. J. (1998) Pb and Os constraints on the composition and rheology of the lower crust. Geology 26, 359-362.
    • (1998) Geology , vol.26 , pp. 359-362
    • Asmerom, Y.1    Walker, R.J.2
  • 3
    • 0029434159 scopus 로고
    • Platinum-group elements in the Merensky Reef I: PGE in solution in base metal sulfides and the down-temperature equilibrium history of Merensky Ores
    • Ballhaus C. and Ryan, C. G. (1995) Platinum-group elements in the Merensky Reef I: PGE in solution in base metal sulfides and the down-temperature equilibrium history of Merensky Ores. Cont. Min. Pet. 122, 241-251.
    • (1995) Cont. Min. Pet. , vol.122 , pp. 241-251
    • Ballhaus, C.1    Ryan, C.G.2
  • 4
    • 0022872198 scopus 로고
    • Sulfide and platinum mineralization in the Merensky Reef: Evidence from hydrous silicates and fluid inclusions
    • Ballhaus C. G. and Stumpfl E. F. (1986) Sulfide and platinum mineralization in the Merensky Reef: Evidence from hydrous silicates and fluid inclusions. Cont. Min. Pet. 94, 192-204.
    • (1986) Cont. Min. Pet. , vol.94 , pp. 192-204
    • Ballhaus, C.G.1    Stumpfl, E.F.2
  • 5
    • 84865793686 scopus 로고
    • The upper Critical Zone of the Bushveld Complex and the origin of Merensky-type ores - A discussion
    • Ballhaus C. G., Cornelius M., and Stumpfl E. F. (1988) The upper Critical Zone of the Bushveld Complex and the origin of Merensky-type ores - A discussion. Econ. Geol. 83, 1082-1085.
    • (1988) Econ. Geol. , vol.83 , pp. 1082-1085
    • Ballhaus, C.G.1    Cornelius, M.2    Stumpfl, E.F.3
  • 6
    • 0022268415 scopus 로고
    • The origin of the fractionation of platinum-group elements in terrestrial magmas
    • Barnes S-J., Naldrett A. J., and Gorton M. P. (1985) The origin of the fractionation of platinum-group elements in terrestrial magmas. Chem. Geol. 53, 303-323.
    • (1985) Chem. Geol. , vol.53 , pp. 303-323
    • Barnes, S.-J.1    Naldrett, A.J.2    Gorton, M.P.3
  • 7
    • 0022844088 scopus 로고
    • Halogen geochemistry of the Stillwater and Bushveld Complexes: Evidence for transport of the platinum-group elements by Cl-rich fluids
    • Boudreau A. E., Mathez E. A., and McCallum, I. S. (1986) Halogen geochemistry of the Stillwater and Bushveld Complexes: Evidence for transport of the platinum-group elements by Cl-rich fluids. J. Pet. 27, 967-986.
    • (1986) J. Pet. , vol.27 , pp. 967-986
    • Boudreau, A.E.1    Mathez, E.A.2    McCallum, I.S.3
  • 9
    • 0002374331 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphy and relations of the Bushveld floor in the eastern Transvaal
    • Button A. (1976) Stratigraphy and relations of the Bushveld floor in the eastern Transvaal. Geol. Soc. South Africa Trans. 79, 3-12.
    • (1976) Geol. Soc. South Africa Trans. , vol.79 , pp. 3-12
    • Button, A.1
  • 10
    • 0344616870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Bushveld Complex: A time to fill and a time to cool
    • Univ. Witwatersrand, 11 p.
    • Cawthorn R. G. and Walraven F. (1997) The Bushveld Complex: A time to fill and a time to cool. Econ. Geol. Res. Unit Inf. Circ. 307, Univ. Witwatersrand, 11 p.
    • (1997) Econ. Geol. Res. Unit Inf. Circ. , vol.307
    • Cawthorn, R.G.1    Walraven, F.2
  • 11
    • 0026276967 scopus 로고
    • The conformable emplacement of the Bushveld mafic rocks along a regional unconformity in the Transvaal succession of South Africa
    • Cheney E. S. and Twist D. (1991) The conformable emplacement of the Bushveld mafic rocks along a regional unconformity in the Transvaal succession of South Africa. Precambrian Res. 52, 115-132.
    • (1991) Precambrian Res. , vol.52 , pp. 115-132
    • Cheney, E.S.1    Twist, D.2
  • 13
    • 0022082156 scopus 로고
    • The platinum-group element and gold contents of the marginal rocks and sills of the Bushveld Complex
    • Davies G. and Tredoux M. (1985) The platinum-group element and gold contents of the marginal rocks and sills of the Bushveld Complex. Econ. Geol. 80, 838-848.
    • (1985) Econ. Geol. , vol.80 , pp. 838-848
    • Davies, G.1    Tredoux, M.2
  • 14
    • 0027488341 scopus 로고
    • The mafic rocks of the Bushveld Complex: A review of emplacement and crystallization history, and mineralization, in the light of recent data
    • Eales H. V., Botha W. J., Hattingh P. J., de Klerk W. J., Maier W. D., and Odgers A. T. R. (1993) The mafic rocks of the Bushveld Complex: a review of emplacement and crystallization history, and mineralization, in the light of recent data. J. African Earth Sci. 16, 121-142.
    • (1993) J. African Earth Sci. , vol.16 , pp. 121-142
    • Eales, H.V.1    Botha, W.J.2    Hattingh, P.J.3    De Klerk, W.J.4    Maier, W.D.5    Odgers, A.T.R.6
  • 15
    • 0028870732 scopus 로고
    • An overview of the Transvaal Sequence, Bushveld Complex, South Africa
    • Eriksson P. G., Hattingh P. J., and Altermann W., (1995) An overview of the Transvaal Sequence, Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Mineral. Dep. 30, 98-111.
    • (1995) Mineral. Dep. , vol.30 , pp. 98-111
    • Eriksson, P.G.1    Hattingh, P.J.2    Altermann, W.3
  • 16
    • 0031474725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-Os systematics of sulfides from felsic igneous rocks: Application to base metal porphyry mineralization in Chile
    • Freydier C., Ruiz J., Chesley J. T., McCandless T. E., and Munizaga F. (1997) Re-Os systematics of sulfides from felsic igneous rocks: Application to base metal porphyry mineralization in Chile. Geology 25, 775-778.
    • (1997) Geology , vol.25 , pp. 775-778
    • Freydier, C.1    Ruiz, J.2    Chesley, J.T.3    McCandless, T.E.4    Munizaga, F.5
  • 17
    • 0000167293 scopus 로고
    • Osmium, ruthenium, iridium, and uranium in silicates and chromite from the eastern Bushveld Complex, South Africa
    • Gijbels R. H., Millard H. T.Jr., Desborough G. A., and Bartel A. J. (1974) Osmium, ruthenium, iridium, and uranium in silicates and chromite from the eastern Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 38, 319-337.
    • (1974) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.38 , pp. 319-337
    • Gijbels, R.H.1    Millard H.T., Jr.2    Desborough, G.A.3    Bartel, A.J.4
  • 19
    • 0022268021 scopus 로고
    • Field relations and strontium isotope systematics of the marginal rocks of the eastern Bushveld Complex
    • Harmer R. E. and Sharpe M. R. (1985) Field relations and strontium isotope systematics of the marginal rocks of the eastern Bushveld Complex. Econ. Geol. 80, 813-837.
    • (1985) Econ. Geol. , vol.80 , pp. 813-837
    • Harmer, R.E.1    Sharpe, M.R.2
  • 20
    • 0024920316 scopus 로고
    • Osmium isotope systematics in Witwatersrand and Bushveld ore deposits
    • Hart S. R. and Kinloch E. D. (1989) Osmium isotope systematics in Witwatersrand and Bushveld ore deposits. Econ. Geol. 84, 1651-1655.
    • (1989) Econ. Geol. , vol.84 , pp. 1651-1655
    • Hart, S.R.1    Kinloch, E.D.2
  • 21
    • 85034147249 scopus 로고
    • Densities and liquidus temperatures of Bushveld parental magmas as constraints on the formation of the Merensky Reef in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa
    • (eds. M. J. Gallagher, R. A. Ixer, C. R. Neary, and H. M. Prichard), London, Inst. Min. Metal
    • Hatton C. J. (1986) Densities and liquidus temperatures of Bushveld parental magmas as constraints on the formation of the Merensky Reef in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. In Metallogeny of Basic and Ultrabasic Rocks (eds. M. J. Gallagher, R. A. Ixer, C. R. Neary, and H. M. Prichard), pp. 183-198. London, Inst. Min. Metal.
    • (1986) Metallogeny of Basic and Ultrabasic Rocks , pp. 183-198
    • Hatton, C.J.1
  • 22
    • 0002873782 scopus 로고
    • The geological setting and petrogenesis of the Bushveld chromitite layers
    • (ed. C. W. Stowe), New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold
    • Hatton C. J. and von Gruenewaldt G. (1987) The geological setting and petrogenesis of the Bushveld chromitite layers. In Evolution of Chromium Ore Fields (ed. C. W. Stowe), pp. 109-143. New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold.
    • (1987) Evolution of Chromium ore Fields , pp. 109-143
    • Hatton, C.J.1    Von Gruenewaldt, G.2
  • 23
    • 0024258253 scopus 로고
    • The Columbia River Basalt
    • (ed. J. D. MacDougall), Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • Hooper P. R. (1988) The Columbia River Basalt. In Continental Flood Basalts (ed. J. D. MacDougall), pp. 1-33. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    • (1988) Continental Flood Basalts , pp. 1-33
    • Hooper, P.R.1
  • 24
    • 0022848412 scopus 로고
    • Magma mixing and the origin of stratiform oxide ore zones in the Bushveld and Stillwater Complexes
    • (eds. M. J. Gallagher, R. A. Ixer, C. R. Neary, and H. M. Prichard), London, Inst. Min. Metal
    • Irvine T. N. and Sharpe M. R. (1986) Magma mixing and the origin of stratiform oxide ore zones in the Bushveld and Stillwater Complexes. In Metallogeny of Basic and Ultrabasic Rocks. (eds. M. J. Gallagher, R. A. Ixer, C. R. Neary, and H. M. Prichard), London, Inst. Min. Metal.
    • (1986) Metallogeny of Basic and Ultrabasic Rocks
    • Irvine, T.N.1    Sharpe, M.R.2
  • 25
    • 0019895892 scopus 로고
    • Regional trends in the platinum-group mineralogy of the Critical zone of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa
    • Kinloch E. D. (1982) Regional trends in the platinum-group mineralogy of the Critical zone of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Econ. Geol. 77, 1328-1347.
    • (1982) Econ. Geol. , vol.77 , pp. 1328-1347
    • Kinloch, E.D.1
  • 26
    • 0025601302 scopus 로고
    • Platinum-group minerals in various rock types of the Merensky Reef: Genetic implications
    • Kinloch E. D. and Peyerl W. (1990) Platinum-group minerals in various rock types of the Merensky Reef: Genetic implications. Econ. Geol. 85, 537-555.
    • (1990) Econ. Geol. , vol.85 , pp. 537-555
    • Kinloch, E.D.1    Peyerl, W.2
  • 27
    • 0028578584 scopus 로고
    • The Sr-isotope stratigraphy of the western Bushveld Complex
    • Kruger F. J. (1994) The Sr-isotope stratigraphy of the western Bushveld Complex. S. Africa J. Geol. 97, 393-398.
    • (1994) S. Africa J. Geol. , vol.97 , pp. 393-398
    • Kruger, F.J.1
  • 28
    • 0019923591 scopus 로고
    • 86Sr ratios in the Merensky cyclic unit of the Bushveld Complex
    • 86Sr ratios in the Merensky cyclic unit of the Bushveld Complex. Nature 298, 53-55.
    • (1982) Nature , vol.298 , pp. 53-55
    • Kruger, F.J.1    Marsh, J.S.2
  • 29
    • 0346893257 scopus 로고
    • The tectonic setting of the Bushveld Complex and other layered intrusions in southern Africa: Geophysical and isotopic evidence. Indaba on the tectonic setting of layered intrusives
    • Kruger F. J. and Corner B. (1987) The tectonic setting of the Bushveld Complex and other layered intrusions in southern Africa: Geophysical and isotopic evidence. Indaba on the tectonic setting of layered intrusives. Geol. Soc. S. Africa, 31-32.
    • (1987) Geol. Soc. S. Africa , pp. 31-32
    • Kruger, F.J.1    Corner, B.2
  • 30
    • 0000454142 scopus 로고
    • Cyclicity in the Sr isotope stratigraphy through the Merensky and Bastard Reef units, Atok section, eastern Bushveld Complex
    • Lee C. A. and Butcher A. R. (1990) Cyclicity in the Sr isotope stratigraphy through the Merensky and Bastard Reef units, Atok section, eastern Bushveld Complex. Econ. Geol. 85, 877-883.
    • (1990) Econ. Geol. , vol.85 , pp. 877-883
    • Lee, C.A.1    Butcher, A.R.2
  • 31
    • 0742295651 scopus 로고
    • The sulphides in the layered sequence of the Bushveld Igneous Complex
    • (eds. J. Visser and G. Von Gruenewaldt) Geol. Soc. S. Africa Sp. Pub.
    • Liebenberg L. (1969) The sulphides in the layered sequence of the Bushveld Igneous Complex. In Symposium on the Bushveld and Other Layered Intrusions (eds. J. Visser and G. Von Gruenewaldt) Geol. Soc. S. Africa Sp. Pub. 1, 108-207.
    • (1969) Symposium on the Bushveld and Other Layered Intrusions , vol.1 , pp. 108-207
    • Liebenberg, L.1
  • 33
    • 0029506824 scopus 로고
    • A facies model for the western Bushveld Complex
    • Maier W. D. and Teigler B. (1995) A facies model for the western Bushveld Complex. Econ. Geol. 90, 2343-2349.
    • (1995) Econ. Geol. , vol.90 , pp. 2343-2349
    • Maier, W.D.1    Teigler, B.2
  • 34
    • 0348153811 scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen isotopic composition of the Merensky Reef and related rocks, Atok section, Bushveld Complex
    • Mathez E. A., Agrinier P., and Hutchinson R. (1992) Hydrogen isotopic composition of the Merensky Reef and related rocks, Atok section, Bushveld Complex. Eos 73, 372.
    • (1992) Eos , vol.73 , pp. 372
    • Mathez, E.A.1    Agrinier, P.2    Hutchinson, R.3
  • 35
    • 84879886394 scopus 로고
    • Osmium isotopes and crustal sources for platinum-group mineralization in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa
    • McCandless T. E. and Ruiz J. (1991) Osmium isotopes and crustal sources for platinum-group mineralization in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Geology 19, 1225-1228.
    • (1991) Geology , vol.19 , pp. 1225-1228
    • McCandless, T.E.1    Ruiz, J.2
  • 36
    • 0027790365 scopus 로고
    • Rhenium-osmium evidence for regional mineralization in southwestern North America
    • McCandless T. E. and Ruiz, J. (1993) Rhenium-osmium evidence for regional mineralization in southwestern North America. Science 261, 1282-1286.
    • (1993) Science , vol.261 , pp. 1282-1286
    • McCandless, T.E.1    Ruiz, J.2
  • 37
    • 0008205106 scopus 로고
    • Platinum group mineralization in the Bushveld Complex: A combined QEM-SEM and LA-ICPMS study
    • McCandless T. E., Ruiz J., and Adair B. I. (1994) Platinum group mineralization in the Bushveld Complex: A combined QEM-SEM and LA-ICPMS study . Mineralogical Magazine 58A, 579-580.
    • (1994) Mineralogical Magazine , vol.58 A , pp. 579-580
    • McCandless, T.E.1    Ruiz, J.2    Adair, B.I.3
  • 38
    • 85034133734 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of recovery characteristics of the platinum-group minerals in some chromitite layers below the UG2 in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa
    • (eds. M.J. Gallagher, R.A. Ixer, C.R. Neary, and H.M. Prichard), London, Inst. Min.
    • Merkle R. K. W. (1986) Estimation of recovery characteristics of the platinum-group minerals in some chromitite layers below the UG2 in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. In Metallogeny of Basic and Ultrabasic Rocks (eds. M.J. Gallagher, R.A. Ixer, C.R. Neary, and H.M. Prichard), pp. 81-87. London, Inst. Min.
    • (1986) Metallogeny of Basic and Ultrabasic Rocks , pp. 81-87
    • Merkle, R.K.W.1
  • 39
    • 0029476930 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of proposed platinum group element contents in the parental magmas of the Bushveld complex
    • Merkle R. K. W., von Gruenewaldt G., and Harney D. M. W. (1995) An evaluation of proposed platinum group element contents in the parental magmas of the Bushveld complex. J. African Earth Sci. 21, 607-613.
    • (1995) J. African Earth Sci. , vol.21 , pp. 607-613
    • Merkle, R.K.W.1    Von Gruenewaldt, G.2    Harney, D.M.W.3
  • 40
    • 0000574023 scopus 로고
    • Isotopic determinations of rhenium and osmium in meteorites by using fusion, distillation and ion-exchange separations
    • Morgan J. W. and Walker R. J. (1991) Isotopic determinations of rhenium and osmium in meteorites by using fusion, distillation and ion-exchange separations. Anal. Chim. Acta. 222, 291-300.
    • (1991) Anal. Chim. Acta. , vol.222 , pp. 291-300
    • Morgan, J.W.1    Walker, R.J.2
  • 41
    • 0024196565 scopus 로고
    • Solubility and transport of platinum-group elements in hydrothermal solutions; thermodynamic and physical chemical constraints
    • (eds. H. M Prichard, P. J. Potts, J. F. W. Bowles, and S. J. Cribb), New York, Elsevier
    • Mountain B. W. and Wood S. A. (1988) Solubility and transport of platinum-group elements in hydrothermal solutions; thermodynamic and physical chemical constraints. In Geo-Platinum 87 (eds. H. M Prichard, P. J. Potts, J. F. W. Bowles, and S. J. Cribb), pp. 57-82. New York, Elsevier.
    • (1988) Geo-Platinum 87 , pp. 57-82
    • Mountain, B.W.1    Wood, S.A.2
  • 42
    • 84865750378 scopus 로고
    • The Upper Critical Zone of the Bushveld Complex and the origin of Merensky-type ores: A reply
    • Naldrett A. J. and von Gruenewaldt G. (1988) The Upper Critical Zone of the Bushveld Complex and the origin of Merensky-type ores: A reply. Econ. Geol. 83, 1085-1091.
    • (1988) Econ. Geol. , vol.83 , pp. 1085-1091
    • Naldrett, A.J.1    Von Gruenewaldt, G.2
  • 43
    • 0000363226 scopus 로고
    • Models for the concentration of PGE in layered intrusions
    • Naldrett A. J., Brugman G. E., and Wilson A. H. (1990) Models for the concentration of PGE in layered intrusions. Can. Min. 28, 389-408.
    • (1990) Can. Min. , vol.28 , pp. 389-408
    • Naldrett, A.J.1    Brugman, G.E.2    Wilson, A.H.3
  • 44
    • 0001470978 scopus 로고
    • Petrogenesis of the Merensky Reef in the Rustenburg section of the Bushveld Complex
    • Nicholson D. M. and Mathez E. A. (1991) Petrogenesis of the Merensky Reef in the Rustenburg section of the Bushveld Complex. Cont. Min. Pet. 107, 293-309.
    • (1991) Cont. Min. Pet. , vol.107 , pp. 293-309
    • Nicholson, D.M.1    Mathez, E.A.2
  • 45
    • 0019899290 scopus 로고
    • The influence of the Driekop dunite pipe on the platinum-group mineralogy of the UG-2 chromitite in its vicinity
    • Peyerl W. (1982) The influence of the Driekop dunite pipe on the platinum-group mineralogy of the UG-2 chromitite in its vicinity. Econ. Geol. 77, 1432-1438.
    • (1982) Econ. Geol. , vol.77 , pp. 1432-1438
    • Peyerl, W.1
  • 47
    • 0345113087 scopus 로고
    • The densities of Bushveld melts: Textural and hydrodynamic criteria
    • Rice A. R. and Ealses H. V. (1995) The densities of Bushveld melts: Textural and hydrodynamic criteria. Min. Pet. 54, 45-53.
    • (1995) Min. Pet. , vol.54 , pp. 45-53
    • Rice, A.R.1    Ealses, H.V.2
  • 48
    • 0346893273 scopus 로고
    • Volatile effects on platinum-group minerals and osmium isotopes in Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa [abs]
    • Ruiz J. R., McCandless T. E. and Adair B. I. (1992) Volatile effects on platinum-group minerals and osmium isotopes in Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa [abs]. Eos, 27, 617.
    • (1992) Eos , vol.27 , pp. 617
    • Ruiz, J.R.1    McCandless, T.E.2    Adair, B.I.3
  • 49
    • 0032492897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-Os isotope evidence for the composition, formation and age of the lower continental crust
    • Saal A. E, Rudnick R. L., Ravizza G. E., and Hart S. R. (1998) Re-Os isotope evidence for the composition, formation and age of the lower continental crust. Nature 393, 58-61.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 58-61
    • Saal, A.E.1    Rudnick, R.L.2    Ravizza, G.E.3    Hart, S.R.4
  • 50
    • 0019897684 scopus 로고
    • The petrogenesis of a platiniferous dunite pipe in the Bushveld Complex: Infiltration metasomatism by a chloride solution
    • Schiffries C. M. (1982) The petrogenesis of a platiniferous dunite pipe in the Bushveld Complex: Infiltration metasomatism by a chloride solution. Econ. Geol. 82, 1439-1453.
    • (1982) Econ. Geol. , vol.82 , pp. 1439-1453
    • Schiffries, C.M.1
  • 51
    • 85034122822 scopus 로고
    • Crustal contamination of the Bushveld Complex
    • Schiffries C. M. (1992) Crustal contamination of the Bushveld Complex. Geol. Soc. Am. Abst. Prog. 24, A86.
    • (1992) Geol. Soc. Am. Abst. Prog. , vol.24
    • Schiffries, C.M.1
  • 52
    • 0024879759 scopus 로고
    • Stable isotopic systematics of the Bushveld Complex: I. Constraints of magmatic processes in layered intrusions
    • Schiffries C. M. and Rye D. M. (1989) Stable isotopic systematics of the Bushveld Complex: I. Constraints of magmatic processes in layered intrusions. Am. J. Sci. 289, 841-873.
    • (1989) Am. J. Sci. , vol.289 , pp. 841-873
    • Schiffries, C.M.1    Rye, D.M.2
  • 53
    • 0025256575 scopus 로고
    • Stable isotopic systematics of the Bushveld Complex: II. Constraints on hydrothermal processes in layered intrusions
    • Schiffries C. M. and Rye D. M. (1990) Stable isotopic systematics of the Bushveld Complex: II. Constraints on hydrothermal processes in layered intrusions. Am. J. Sci. 290, 209-245.
    • (1990) Am. J. Sci. , vol.290 , pp. 209-245
    • Schiffries, C.M.1    Rye, D.M.2
  • 54
    • 0023363342 scopus 로고
    • The Bushveld hydrothermal system: Field and petrologic evidence
    • Schiffries C. M. and Skinner B. J. (1987) The Bushveld hydrothermal system: Field and petrologic evidence. Am. J. Sci. 287, 566-595.
    • (1987) Am. J. Sci. , vol.287 , pp. 566-595
    • Schiffries, C.M.1    Skinner, B.J.2
  • 55
    • 0027036146 scopus 로고
    • Mudrock geochemistry of the Proterozoic Pretoria Group, Transvaal Sequence (South Africa): Geological implications
    • Schreiber U. M., Eriksson P. G., and Snyman C. P. (1992) Mudrock geochemistry of the Proterozoic Pretoria Group, Transvaal Sequence (South Africa): Geological implications. J. African Earth Sci. 14, 393-409.
    • (1992) J. African Earth Sci. , vol.14 , pp. 393-409
    • Schreiber, U.M.1    Eriksson, P.G.2    Snyman, C.P.3
  • 56
    • 0028682349 scopus 로고
    • Platinum-group element mineralization in the Critical Zone of the Western Bushveld Complex: I. Sulfide poor-chromitites below the UG-2
    • Scoon R. N. and Teigler B. (1994) Platinum-group element mineralization in the Critical Zone of the Western Bushveld Complex: I. Sulfide poor-chromitites below the UG-2. Econ. Geol. 89, 1094-1121.
    • (1994) Econ. Geol. , vol.89 , pp. 1094-1121
    • Scoon, R.N.1    Teigler, B.2
  • 57
    • 0032524412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percolation of core melts at lower mantle conditions
    • Shannon M. C. and Agee C. B. (1998) Percolation of core melts at lower mantle conditions. Science 280, 1059-1061.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 1059-1061
    • Shannon, M.C.1    Agee, C.B.2
  • 58
    • 0022180003 scopus 로고
    • Strontium isotope evidence for preserved density stratification in the main zone of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa
    • Sharpe M. R. (1985) Strontium isotope evidence for preserved density stratification in the main zone of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Nature 316, 119-126.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.316 , pp. 119-126
    • Sharpe, M.R.1
  • 59
    • 0019726897 scopus 로고
    • The concentric eliptical structure of the Bushveld complex and possible economic implications
    • Sharpe M. R., Bahat D., von Gruenewaldt G. (1981) The concentric eliptical structure of the Bushveld complex and possible economic implications. Geol. Soc. S. Africa Trans. 84, 239-244.
    • (1981) Geol. Soc. S. Africa Trans. , vol.84 , pp. 239-244
    • Sharpe, M.R.1    Bahat, D.2    Von Gruenewaldt, G.3
  • 60
    • 0022268017 scopus 로고
    • Ultramafic sills beneath the Bushveld Complex: Mobilized suspensions of early lower zone cumulates in a parental magma with boninitic affinities
    • Sharpe M. R., and Hulbert L. J. (1985) Ultramafic sills beneath the Bushveld Complex: Mobilized suspensions of early lower zone cumulates in a parental magma with boninitic affinities. Econ. Geol. 80, 849-871.
    • (1985) Econ. Geol. , vol.80 , pp. 849-871
    • Sharpe, M.R.1    Hulbert, L.J.2
  • 61
    • 0030684093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-Os isotopic compositions of Midcontinent Rift System picrites: Implications for plume-lithosphere interaction and enriched mantle sources
    • Shirey S. B. (1997) Re-Os isotopic compositions of Midcontinent Rift System picrites: Implications for plume-lithosphere interaction and enriched mantle sources. Can. J. Earth Sci. 34, 489-503.
    • (1997) Can. J. Earth Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 489-503
    • Shirey, S.B.1
  • 62
    • 0000232209 scopus 로고
    • Carius tube digestion for the measurement of Re and Os in geological samples
    • Shirey S. B. and Walker R. J. (1995) Carius tube digestion for the measurement of Re and Os in geological samples. Anal. Chem., 67, 2136-2141.
    • (1995) Anal. Chem. , vol.67 , pp. 2136-2141
    • Shirey, S.B.1    Walker, R.J.2
  • 63
    • 0029730872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-Os ages of group IIA, IIIA, IVA, and IVB iron from meteorites
    • Smoliar M. I., Walker R. J., and Morgan J. W. (1996) Re-Os ages of group IIA, IIIA, IVA, and IVB iron from meteorites. Science 271, 1099-1102.
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 1099-1102
    • Smoliar, M.I.1    Walker, R.J.2    Morgan, J.W.3
  • 64
    • 0022839580 scopus 로고
    • Distribution, transport and concentration of platinum group elements
    • (eds. M. J. Gallagher, R. A. Ixer, C. R. Nearcy, and J. M. Prichard), Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, London
    • Stumpfl E. F. (1986) Distribution, transport and concentration of platinum group elements. In Metallogeny of Basic and Ultrabasic Rocks: The Zimbabwe Volume (eds. M. J. Gallagher, R. A. Ixer, C. R. Nearcy, and J. M. Prichard), pp. 379-394. Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, London.
    • (1986) Metallogeny of Basic and Ultrabasic Rocks: the Zimbabwe Volume , pp. 379-394
    • Stumpfl, E.F.1
  • 65
    • 0008940123 scopus 로고
    • Platinum group element distribution in the lower and middle group chromitites in the western Bushveld Complex
    • Teigler B. (1990) Platinum group element distribution in the lower and middle group chromitites in the western Bushveld Complex. Min. Pet. 42, 165-179.
    • (1990) Min. Pet. , vol.42 , pp. 165-179
    • Teigler, B.1
  • 66
    • 0027865004 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between chromite composition and PGE mineralization in the Critical Zone of the western Bushveld Complex
    • Teigler B. and Eales H. V. (1993) Correlation between chromite composition and PGE mineralization in the Critical Zone of the western Bushveld Complex. Mineral. Dep. 28, 291-302.
    • (1993) Mineral. Dep. , vol.28 , pp. 291-302
    • Teigler, B.1    Eales, H.V.2
  • 67
    • 0027036668 scopus 로고
    • The cumulate succession in the Critical Zone of the Rustenburg Layered Suite at Brits, western Bushveld Complex
    • Teigler B., Eales H. V., and Scoon R. N. (1992) The cumulate succession in the Critical Zone of the Rustenburg Layered Suite at Brits, western Bushveld Complex. S. Africa J. Geol. 95, 17-28.
    • (1992) S. Africa J. Geol. , vol.95 , pp. 17-28
    • Teigler, B.1    Eales, H.V.2    Scoon, R.N.3
  • 70
    • 0031443029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diapirism initiated by the Bushveld Complex, South Africa
    • Uken R. and Watkeys M. K. (1997) Diapirism initiated by the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Geology 25, 723-726.
    • (1997) Geology , vol.25 , pp. 723-726
    • Uken, R.1    Watkeys, M.K.2
  • 71
    • 0005691535 scopus 로고
    • The geology of the lower portion of the Bushveld Complex and its relationship to the floor rocks in the area west of the Pilanesberg, western Transvaal
    • Vermaak C. F. (1970) The geology of the lower portion of the Bushveld Complex and its relationship to the floor rocks in the area west of the Pilanesberg, western Transvaal. Geol. Soc. S.Africa Sp. Pub. 1, 242-262.
    • (1970) Geol. Soc. S.Africa Sp. Pub. , vol.1 , pp. 242-262
    • Vermaak, C.F.1
  • 72
    • 0022081818 scopus 로고
    • The distribution and main geologic features of discordant bodies of iron-rich ultramafic pegmatite in the Bushveld Complex
    • Viljoen M. J., and Scoon R. N. (1985) The distribution and main geologic features of discordant bodies of iron-rich ultramafic pegmatite in the Bushveld Complex. Econ. Geol. 80, 1109-1128.
    • (1985) Econ. Geol. , vol.80 , pp. 1109-1128
    • Viljoen, M.J.1    Scoon, R.N.2
  • 73
    • 44949272374 scopus 로고
    • Osmium isotope ratio determinations by negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry
    • Völkening J., Walczyk T, and Heumann, K. G. (1991) Osmium isotope ratio determinations by negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc. 105, 147-149.
    • (1991) Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc. , vol.105 , pp. 147-149
    • Völkening, J.1    Walczyk, T.2    Heumann, K.G.3
  • 74
    • 0022268026 scopus 로고
    • The Bushveld Complex: Introduction and review
    • von Gruenewaldt G., Sharpe M. R., and Hatton C. J. (1985) The Bushveld Complex: Introduction and review. Econ. Geol. 80, 803-821.
    • (1985) Econ. Geol. , vol.80 , pp. 803-821
    • Gruenewaldt, G.1    Sharpe, M.R.2    Hatton, C.J.3
  • 75
    • 0002834614 scopus 로고
    • PGE mineralization in the Western Sector of the Eastern Bushveld Complex
    • von Gruenewaldt G., Dicks D., De Wet J., and Horsch H. (1990) PGE mineralization in the Western Sector of the Eastern Bushveld Complex. Min. Pet. 42, 71-95.
    • (1990) Min. Pet. , vol.42 , pp. 71-95
    • Gruenewaldt, G.1    Dicks, D.2    De Wet, J.3    Horsch, H.4
  • 76
    • 0025227354 scopus 로고
    • A chronostratigraphic framework for the central Kaapvaal craton, the Bushveld, and the Vredefort structure
    • Walraven F., Armstrong R. A., and Kruger F. (1990) A chronostratigraphic framework for the central Kaapvaal craton, the Bushveld, and the Vredefort structure. Tectonophysics 171, 23-48.
    • (1990) Tectonophysics , vol.171 , pp. 23-48
    • Walraven, F.1    Armstrong, R.A.2    Kruger, F.3
  • 77
    • 0000213729 scopus 로고
    • Low-blank chemical separation of rhenium and osmium from gram quantities of silicate rock for measurement by resonance ionization mass spectrometry
    • Walker R. J. (1988) Low-blank chemical separation of rhenium and osmium from gram quantities of silicate rock for measurement by resonance ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 60, 1231-1234.
    • (1988) Anal. Chem. , vol.60 , pp. 1231-1234
    • Walker, R.J.1
  • 78
    • 34249918572 scopus 로고
    • Re-Os isotopic constraints on the origin of volcanic rocks, Gorgona Island, Colombia: Os isotopic evidence for ancient heterogeneities in the mantle
    • Walker R. J., Echeverria L. M., Shirey S. B., and Horan M. F. (1991) Re-Os isotopic constraints on the origin of volcanic rocks, Gorgona Island, Colombia: Os isotopic evidence for ancient heterogeneities in the mantle. Cont. Min. Pet. 107, 150-162.
    • (1991) Cont. Min. Pet. , vol.107 , pp. 150-162
    • Walker, R.J.1    Echeverria, L.M.2    Shirey, S.B.3    Horan, M.F.4
  • 79
    • 0028579175 scopus 로고
    • Re-Os isotopic evidence for a plume origin for Noril'sk-Talnakh ores and associated ultramafic rocks: Siberia, Russia
    • Walker R. J., Morgan J. W., Czamanske G. K., Likhachev A. P., and Kunilov, V. E. (1994) Re-Os isotopic evidence for a plume origin for Noril'sk-Talnakh ores and associated ultramafic rocks: Siberia, Russia.. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 4179-4192.
    • (1994) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.58 , pp. 4179-4192
    • Walker, R.J.1    Morgan, J.W.2    Czamanske, G.K.3    Likhachev, A.P.4    Kunilov, V.E.5
  • 80
    • 0029517057 scopus 로고
    • Osmium-187 enrichments in some plumes: Evidence from core-mantle interaction?
    • Walker R. J., Morgan J. W., and Horan M. F. (1995) Osmium-187 enrichments in some plumes: Evidence from core-mantle interaction? Science 269, 819-822.
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 819-822
    • Walker, R.J.1    Morgan, J.W.2    Horan, M.F.3
  • 83
    • 0010658654 scopus 로고
    • The geology of the Bushveld igneous complex, the largest repository of magmatic ore deposits in the world
    • Willemse J. (1969) The geology of the Bushveld igneous complex, the largest repository of magmatic ore deposits in the world. Econ. Geol. Monograph No. 4, 1-22.
    • (1969) Econ. Geol. Monograph , Issue.4 , pp. 1-22
    • Willemse, J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.