Metabolic consequences of peritoneal dialysis treatment

Panminerva Medica

Volumn 51, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 175-185

  Gallieni, M ^a   Musetti, C ^b   Granata, A ^c   Olivi, L ^a   Bertoli, S ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^b IRCCS MULTIMEDICA   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Kidney failure, chronic; Metabolism; Peritoneal dialysis

Indexed keywords

GLUCOSE; PROTEIN INTAKE;

ARTICLE; ENERGY METABOLISM; HUMAN; KIDNEY DISEASE; METABOLISM; PERITONEAL DIALYSIS; PROTEIN CALORIE MALNUTRITION; PROTEIN INTAKE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; COMPLICATION; KIDNEY DISEASES; PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION;

DIETARY PROTEINS; ENERGY METABOLISM; GLUCOSE; HUMANS; KIDNEY DISEASES; PERITONEAL DIALYSIS; PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 76749164795     PISSN: 00310808     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. Vanholder R, Massy Z, Argiles A, Spasovski G, Verbeke F, Lameire N; European Uremic Toxin Work Group. Chronic kidney disease as cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005;20:1048-56.
2. Zoccali C, Mallamaci F, Tripepi G. Traditional and emerging cardiovascular risk factors in end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2003;85:S105-10.
3. Kaysen GA. Metabolic syndrome and renal failure: similarities and differences. Panminerva Med 2006;48:151-64.
4. Mak RH. Insulin and its role in chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2008;23:355-362
5. Kjellstrand P, Martinson E, Wieslander A, Holmquist B. Development of toxic degradation products during heat sterilization of glucose-containing fluids for peritoneal dialysis: influence of time and temperature. Perit Dial Int 1995;15:26-32.
6. Lin X, Amore A, Loiacono E, Balegno S, Manniello D, Peruzzi L, et al. Effect of glucose degradation products, glucose-containing dialy-sate and icodextrin on AQP1 and eNOS expression in cultured endothelial cells. J Nephrol 2009;22:117-22.
7. Jörres A, Gahl GM, Frei U. Peritoneal dialysis fluid biocompatibility: does it really matter? Kidney Int Suppl 1994;48:S79-86.
8. Carrero JJ, Axelsson J, Avesani CM, Heimbürger O, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P. Being an inflamed peritoneal dialysis patient - a Dante's journey. Contrib Nephrol 2006; 150:144-51.
9. Stenvinkel P, Heimbürger O, Lindholm B, Kaysen GA, Bergström J. Are there two types of malnutrition in chronic renal failure? Evidence for relationships between malnutrition, inflammation and atherosclerosis (MIA syndrome). Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000;15:953-60.
10. Bargman JM, Krediet RT, Lo WK, Selgas R, del Peso G, Auxiliadora Bajo M et al. What are the problems with using the peritoneal membrane for long-term dialysis? Semin Dial 2008;21:11-23.
11. Bergström J, Fürst P, Alvestrand A, Lindholm B. Protein and energy intake, nitrogen balance and nitrogen losses in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Int 1993;44:1048-57.
12. Diaz-Buxo JA, Burgess WP. Is weight gain inevitable in most chronic peritoneal dialysis patients? Adv Perit Dial 1992;8:334-9.
13. Jolly S, Chatatalsingh C, Bargman J, Vas S, Chu M, Oreopoulos DG. Excessive weight gain during peritoneal dialysis. Int J Artif Organs 2001;24:197-202.
14. Snyder JJ, Foley RN, Gilbertson DT, Vonesh EF, Collins AJ. Body size and outcomes on peritoneal dialysis in the United States. Kidney Int 2003;64:1838-44.
15. McDonald SP, Collins JF, Johnson DW Obesity is associated with worse peritoneal dialysis outcomes in the Australia and New Zealand patient populations. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003;14:2894-901.
16. Ramkumar N, Pappas LM, Beddhu S. Effect of body size and body composition on survival in peritoneal dialysis patients. Perit Dial Int 2005;25:461-9.
17. Van Laecke S, Veys N, Verbeke F, Vanholder R, Van Biesen W. The fate of older diabetic patients on peritoneal dialysis: myths and mysteries and suggestions for further research. Perit Dial Int 2007;27:611-8.
18. Stump CS, Henriksen EJ, Wei Y, Sowers JR. The metabolic syndrome: role of skeletal muscle metabolism. Ann Med 2006;38:389-402.
19. Akmal M, Massry SG, Goldstein DA, Fanti P, Weisz A, DeFronzo RA. Role of parathyroid hormone in the glucose intolerance of chronic renal failure. J Clin Invest 1985;75:1037-44.
20. Fadini GP, Pauletto P, Avogaro A, Rattazzi M. The good and the bad in the link between insulin resistance and vascular calcification. Atherosclerosis 2007;193:241-4.
21. Diaz-Buxo JA. Peritoneal dialysis modality selection for the adult, the diabetic and the geriatric patient. Perit Dial Int 1997; 17(S3):S28-S31.
22. Armstrong VW, Creutzfeldt W, Eben R, Fuchs C, Hilgers R, Scheler F. Effect of dialysate glucose load on plasma glucose and glucoregulatory hormones in CAPD patients. Nephron 1985;39:141-5.
23. Woodward RS, Schnitzler MA, Baty J, Lowell JA, Lopez-Rocafort L, Haider S et al. Incidence and cost of new onset diabetes mellitus among U.S. wait-listed and transplanted renal allograft recipients. Am J Transplant 2003;3:590-8.
24. Axelsson J, Carrero JJ, Avesani CM, Heimbürger O, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P. Adipokine signalling in the peritoneal dialysis patient. Contrib Nephrol 2006; 150:166-73.
25. Rutter MK, Parise H, Benjamin EJ, Levy D, Larson MG, Meigs JB et al. Impact of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance on cardiac structure and function: sex-related differences in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2003;107:448-54.
26. Shoelson SE, Lee J, Goldfine AB. Inflammation and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2006; 116:1793-801.
27. Stompór T, Rajzer M, SuΠowicz W, Dembi/ska-Kieç A, Janda K, Kawecka-Jaszcz K et al. An association between aortic pulse wave velocity, blood pressure and chronic inflammation in ESRD patients on peritoneal dialysis. Int J Artif Organs 2003;26:188-95.
28. Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B, Lönnqvist F, Katzarski K, Heimbürger O. Increases in serum leptin levels during peritoneal dialysis are associated with inflammation and a decrease in lean body mass. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000;11:1303-9.
29. Kagan A, Haran N, Leschinsky L, Shuali N, Rapoport J. Leptin in CAPD patients: serum concentrations and peritoneal loss. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999;14:400-5.
30. Leung JC, Chan LY, Tang SC, Chu KM, Lai KN. Leptin induces TGF-beta synthesis through functional leptin receptor expressed by human peritoneal mesothelial cell. Kidney Int 2006;69:2078-86.
31. Ksiazek K, Korybalska K, Jörres A, Witowski J. Accelerated senescence of human peritoneal mesothelial cells exposed to high glucose: the role of TGF-betal. Lab Invest 2007;87:345-56.
32. Wang AY, Wang M, Woo J, Lam CW, Lui SF, Li PK et al. Inflammation, residual kidney function, and cardiac hypertrophy are interrelated and combine adversely to enhance mortality and cardiovascular death risk of peritoneal dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004;15:2186-94.
33. Cheng SC, Chu TS, Huang KY, Chen YM, Chang WK, Tsai TJ et al. Association of hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance in uremic patients undergoing CAPD. Perit Dial Int 2001;21:282-9.
34. Ginsberg HN. New perspectives on atherogenesis: role of abnormal triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. Circulation 2002;106:2137-42.
35. Sarwar N, Danesh J, Eiriksdottir G, Sigurdsson G, Wareham N, Bingham S et al. Triglycerides and the risk of coronary heart disease: 10,158 incident cases among 262,525 participants in 29 Western prospective studies. Circulation 2007;115:450-8.
36. Prinsen BH, Rabelink TJ, Romijn JA, Bisschop PH, de Barse MM, de Boer J et al. A broad-based metabolic approach to study VLDL apoB 100 metabolism in patients with ESRD and patients treated with peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Int 2004;65:1064-75.
37. Batista MC, Welty FK, Diffenderfer MR, Sarnak MJ, Schaefer EJ, Lamon-Fava S et al. Apolipoprotein A-I, B-100, and B-48 metabolism in subjects with chronic kidney disease, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome. Metabolism 2004;53:1255-61.
38. Kraus LM, Kraus AP Jr. Carbamoylation of amino acids and proteins in uremia. Kidney Int Suppl. 2001;78:S 102-7.
39. Miyata T, Sugiyama S, Saito A, Kurokawa K. Reactive carbonyl compounds related uremic toxicity ("carbonyl stress"). Kidney Int Suppl 2001;78:S25-31.
40. Chan DT, Dogra GK, Irish AB, Ooi EM, Barrett PH, Chan DC, Watts GF. Chronic kidney disease delays VLDL apoB-100 particle catabo-lism: potential role of apo C-III. J Lipid Res 2009 Jun 21.
41. Deighan CJ, Caslake MJ, McConnell M, Boulton-Jones JM, Packard CJ. Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype in end-stage renal failure: origin and extent of small dense low-density lipoprotein formation. Am J Kidney Dis 2000;35:852-62.
42. Attman PO, Alaupovic P, Samuelsson O. Lipoprotein abnormalities as a risk factor for progressive nondiabetic renal disease. Kidney Int Suppl 1999;71:S14-7.
43. Attman PO, Samuelsson O, Johansson AC, Moberly JB, Alaupovic P. Dialysis modalities and dyslipidemia. Kidney Int Suppl 2003;84:S 110-2.
44. Little J, Phillips L, Russell L, Griffiths A, Russell GI, Davies SJ. Longitudinal lipid profiles on CAPD: their relationship to weight gain, comorbidity, and dialysis factors. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998;9: 1931-9.
45. Faller B, Lameire N. Evolution of clinical parameters and peritoneal function in a cohort of CAPD patients followed over 7 years. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1994;9:280-6.
46. Weintraub M, Burstein A, Rassin T, Liron M, Ringel Y, Cabili S et al. Severe defect in clearing postprandial chylomicron remnants in dialysis patients. Kidney Int 1992;42:1247-52.
47. Kagan A, Bar-Khayim Y, Schafer Z, Fainaru M. Kinetics of peritoneal protein loss during CAPD:II. Lipoprotein leakage and its impact on plasma lipid levels. Kidney Int 1990;37:980-90.
48. De Sain-Van Der Velden MG, Reijngoud DJ, Kaysen GA, Gadellaa MM, Voorbij H, Stellaard F et al. Evidence for increased synthesis of lipoprotein(a) in the nephrotic syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998;9:1474-81.
49. Blumenkrantz MJ, Gahl GM, Kopple JD, Kamdar AV, Jones MR, Kessel M et al. Protein losses during peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Int 1981;19:593-602.
50. Saland JM, Ginsberg HN. Lipoprotein metabolism in chronic renal insufficiency. Pediatr Nephrol 2007;22:1095-112.
51. Mead JR, Irvine SA, Ramji DP. Lipoprotein lipase: structure, function, regulation, and role in disease. J Mol Med 2002;80:753-69.
52. Dulaney JT, Hatch FE Jr. Peritoneal dialysis and loss of proteins: a review. Kidney Int 1984;26:253-62.
53. Cueto-Manzano AM, Gamba G, Correa-Rotter R. Peritoneal protein loss in patients with high peritoneal permeability: comparison between continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and daytime intermittent peritoneal dialysis. Arch Med Res 2001;32:197-201.
54. Krediet RT, Zuyderhoudt FM, Boeschoten EW, Arisz L. Peritoneal permeability to proteins in diabetic and non-diabetic continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Nephron 1986;42:133-40.
55. Dombros N, Oren A, Marliss EB, Anderson GH, Stein AN, Khanna R, et al. Plasma amino acid profiles and amino acid losses in patients undergoing CAPD. Perit Dial Int 1982;2:27-31.
56. Ikizler TA, Greene JH, Wingard RL, Parker RA, Hakim RM. Spontaneous dietary protein intake during progression of chronic renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 1995;6:1386-91.
57. Tjiong HL, van den Berg JW, Wattimena JL, Rietveld T, van Dijk LJ, van der Wiel AM et al. Dialysate as food: combined amino acid and glucose dialysate improves protein anabolism in renal failure patients on automated peritoneal dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16:1486-93.
58. Plum J, Fusshöller A, Schoenicke G, Busch T, Erren C, Fieseier C et al. In vivo and in vitro effects of amino-acid-based and bicarbonate-buffered peritoneal dialysis solutions with regard to peritoneal transport and cytokines/prostanoids dialysate concentrations. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1997;12:1652-60.
59. Churchill DN, Thorpe KE, Nolph KD, Keshaviah PR, Oreopoulos DG, Pagé D. Increased peritoneal membrane transport is associated with decreased patient and technique survival for continuous peritoneal dialysis patients. The Canada-USA (CANUSA) Peritoneal Dialysis Study Group. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998;9:1285-92.
60. Cooper S, Iliescu EA, Morton AR. The relationship between dialysate protein loss and membrane transport status in peritoneal dialysis patients. Adv Perit Dial 2001;17:244-7.
61. Wang T, Heimbürger O, Waniewski J, Bergström J, Lindholm B. Increased peritoneal permeability is associated with decreased fluid and small-solute removal and higher mortality in CAPD patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998;13:1242-9.
62. Young GA, Kopple JD, Lindholm B, Vonesh EF, De Vecchi A, Scalamogna A et al. Nutritional assessment of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients: an international study. Am J Kidney Dis 1991;17:462-71.
63. Ikizler TA, Hakim RM. Nutrition in end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int 1996;50:343-57.
64. Espinosa A, Cueto-Manzano AM, Velazquez-Alva C, Hernandez A, Cruz N, Zamora B et al. Prevalence of malnutrition in Mexican CAPD diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Adv Perit Dial 1996;12:302-6.
65. Kopple JD. National kidney foundation K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for nutrition in chronic renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 2001;37(Suppl 2):S66-70.
66. Detsky AS, McLaughlin JR, Baker JP, Johnston N, Whittaker S, Mendelson RA et al. What is subjective global assessment of nutritional status? JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1987;11:8-13.
67. Canada-USA (CANUSA) Peritoneal Dialysis Study Group. Adequacy of dialysis and nutrition in continuous peritoneal dialysis: association with clinical outcomes. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996;7:198-207.
68. Randerson DH, Chapman GV, Farrell PC: Amino Acids and dietary status in CAPD patients. In: Atkins RC, Farrell PC, Thomson N, eds. Peritoneal Dialysis. Edinburgh: Churchill-Livingstone; 1981. p. 171-91.
69. Mitch WE, Du J, Bailey JL, Price SR. Mechanisms causing muscle proteolysis in uremia: the influence of insulin and cytokines. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1999;25:216-9.
70. Aguilera A, Codoceo R, Selgas R, Garcia P, Picomell M, Diaz C et al. Anorexigen (TNF-alpha, cholecystokinin) and orexigen (neuropeptide Y) plasma levels in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients: their relationship with nutritional parameters. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998;13:1476-83.
71. Mak RH, Cheung W, Cone RD, Marks DL. Leptin and inflammation-associated cachexia in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2006;69:794-7.
72. Chung SH, Heimbürger O, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P. Chronic inflammation in PD patients. Contrib Nephrol 2003;140:104-11.
73. Chung SH, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B, Avesani CM. Identifying and managing malnutrition stemming from different causes. Perit Dial Int 2007;27 (Suppl 2):S239-44.
74. Kopple JD, Bernard D, Messana J, Swartz R, Bergström J, Lindholm B et al. Treatment of malnourished CAPD patients with an amino acid based dialysate. Kidney Int 1995;47:1148-57.
75. Yang SY, Huang JW, Shih KY, Hsu SP, Chu PL, Chu TS et al. Factors associated with increased plasma homocysteine in patients using an amino acid peritoneal dialysis fluid. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005;20:161-6.
76. Park MS, Choi SR, Song YS, Yoon SY, Lee SY, Han DS. New insight of amino acid-based dialysis solutions. Kidney Int Suppl 2006;103:S110-4.
77. Volpi E, Lucidi P, Cruciani G, Monacchia F, Reboldi G, Brunetti P et al. Contribution of amino acids and insulin to protein anabolism during meal absorption. Diabetes 1996;45:1245-52.
78. Mistry CD, Gokal R, Peers E. A randomized multicenter clinical trial comparing isosmolar icodextrin with hyperosmolar glucose solutions in CAPD. MIDAS Study Group. Multicenter Investigation of Icodextrin in Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis. Kidney Int 1994;46: 496-503.
79. Krediet RT, Ho-dac-Pannekeet MM, Imholz AL, Struijk DG. Icodextrin's effects on peritoneal transport. Perit Dial Int 1997;17: 35-41.
80. Young EA, Drummond A, Cool DA, Cioletti LA, Crain M, Traylor JB, et al. The effect of insulin on the metabolism of parenteral maltose in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980;50:764-72.
81. Bredie SJ, Bosch FH, Demacker PN, Stalenhoef AF, van Leusen R. Effects of peritoneal dialysis with an overnight icodextrin dwell on parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism. Perit Dial Int 2001;21: 275-81.
82. Babazono T, Nakamoto H, Kasai K, Kuriyama S, Sugimoto T, Nakayama M et al. Effects of icodextrin on glycemic and lipid profiles in diabetic patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Am J Nephrol 2007;27:409-15.
83. Kanno Y. Diet therapy in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. Contrib Nephrol 2007;155:72-81.
84. Boudville N, Rangan A, Moody H. Oral nutritional supplementation increases caloric and protein intake in peritoneal dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2003;41:658-63.
85. Foulks CJ. An evidence-based evaluation of intradialytic parenteral nutrition. Am J Kidney Dis 1999;33:186-92.
86. Gonzilez-Espinoza L, Gutiérrez-Chávez J, del Campo FM, Martínez-Ramírez HR, Cortés-Sanabria L, Rojas-Campos E et al. Randomized, open label, controlled clinical trial of oral administration of an egg albumin-based protein supplement to patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2005;25:173-80.
87. Scarpioni R. Therapeutic tools for dyslipidemia in peritoneal dialysis patients. J Nephrol 2009;22:46-58.
88. Malagoni AM, Catizone L, Mandini S, Soffritti S, Manfredini R, Boari B et al. Acute and long-term effects of an exercise program for dialysis patients prescribed in hospital and performed at home. J Nephrol 2008;21:871-8.
89. Robinson JG. Models for describing relations among the various statin drugs, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering, pleiotropic effects, and cardiovascular risk. Am J Cardiol 2008;101:1009-15.
90. Seliger SL, Weiss NS, Gillen DL, Kestenbaum B, Ball A, Sherrard DJ et al. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are associated with reduced mortality in ESRD patients. Kidney Int 2002;61:297-304.
91. Wanner C, Krane V, März W, Olschewski M, Mann JF, Ruf G et al. Atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 2005;353:238-48.
92. Jones RG, Dibble JB, Gibson J, Tompkins L, O'Kane M, Hobson SM et al. Effect of dietary fish oil on lipid abnormalities in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int 1988;8:203-6.
93. Balaskas EV, Bamihas GI, Tourkantonis A. Management of lipid abnormalities in patients on CAPD. Pent Dial Int 1997;17:308-9.
94. Lee MS, Kim SM, Kim SB, Lee SK, Park JS, Yang WS. Effects of gemfibrozil on lipid and hemostatic factors in CAPD patients. Perit Dial Int 1999;19:280-3.
95. Wong TY, Szeto CC, Chow KM, Leung CB, Lam CW, Li PK. Rosiglitazone reduces insulin requirement and C-reactive protein levels in type 2 diabetic patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2005;46:713-9.