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39
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For an experimental comparison of the rate of halogenation on alkene and alkyne, see:
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For a recent review comparing metal-catalyzed and iodonium-triggered reactions, see:, Yamamoto Y, Gridnev I D., Patil N T., Jin T, Chem. Commun. 2009 5075
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76349121810
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note
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Key spectral feature of monoalkene carbonation products 3 is as follows: Chemical shift (d) of CH2I peak is ca. 3.5 ppm (1H NMR), and 515 ppm (13C NMR) depending on the diastereomer. Proton and carbon correlation of these resonances is apparent in HSQC spectra of compounds 3.
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33845554216
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For similar studies on olefin carbonation, see: 1982
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For similar studies on olefin carbonation, see:, Bongini A, Cardillo G, Orena M, Porzi G, Sandri S, J. Org. Chem. 1982 47 4626
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Bongini, A.1
Cardillo, G.2
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Porzi, G.4
Sandri, S.5
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76349103543
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The structural and stereochemical identity of the iodocarbonate products 4 were confirmed by the conversion of 4f/4g into 7f/7g (Scheme 2), respectively, by the radical deiodination as below. Spectra of 7f/7g matched those of the respective products obtained in Au(I) catalysis.6c For 4o and 4q, relative stereochemistry was based on 1D-NOE spectra
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76349101901
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The assignment of iodobromination products 5 was based on the following experiments: i) LRMS (CI) fragmentation data containing 79Br/81Br isotope, ii) 1D-NOE spectra of 5g, iii) conversion of 5o into 4o (diastereomer of 4o) by Ag(I)- promoted carbonation, iv) conversion of 5o into 6o by E2 elimination (NaOMe), and v) the reaction of 2n with ICl into a mixture of 4n and iodochlorinated product 7n (Scheme 3), corresponding to 5n.
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33947578482
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For recent reviews on the theoretical aspects of electrophilic metal-alkyne complexes, see:
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For recent reviews on the theoretical aspects of electrophilic metal-alkyne complexes, see:, Gorin D J., Toste F D., Nature (London) 2007 446 395
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Gorin, D.J.1
Toste, F.D.2
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47
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53049098944
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see also ref. 8c for the related 1,5-enyne cyclization trapping with carboxylic acid
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Fürstner A, Morency L, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008 47 5030; see also ref. 8c for the related 1,5-enyne cyclization trapping with carboxylic acid
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Fürstner, A.1
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note
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-15) For a hydride addition on an alkyne: Strozier R. W., Caramella, P.; Houk, K. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 79, 1340; for addition of a weaker nucleophile (olefin in this case) having a later TS, preferential attack of alkyne should be even more pronounced.
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However, in the formation of 4h, 4k, and 4n/5n, diastereomeric products having trans-1,2-vicinal relationship between the two methyl bearing centers were not observed. This observation indicates some degree of concertedness of CC and CO bond formations (or less likely, stereoelectronically driven nucleophilic trapping of the cationic center).
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Typical Procedure for the IBr-Promoted Tandem Cyclization To a solution of 2f (57.3 mg, 0.200 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (1 mL) at 78 C was added dropwise a solution of IBr (82.7 mg, 0.400 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (1 mL). The mixture was kept stirred at 78 C for 20 min, then aq sat. Na2S2O3 (4 mL) was added at once. The mixture was allowed to warm to r.t. with stirring. Layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 4 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (EtOAc hexane = 1:6) to yield 57.5 mg (81%) of 4f as a white solid (mp 154156 C). Compound 4f: IR (neat): 2916, 1800, 1436, 1350, 1185, 1057 cm1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): d = 7.457.28 (m, 3 H), 7.287.15 (m, 2 H), 4.60 (t, J = 3.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.32 (dd, J = 2.2, 16.9 Hz, 1 H), 2.97 (dd, J = 2.6, 17.0 Hz, 1 H), 2.93 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1 H), 2.52 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1 H), 1.60 (s, 3 H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): d = 154.5, 144.5, 144.0, 129.1, 128.6, 128.2, 88.7, 83.6, 82.0, 44.7, 42.7, 26.7. HRMS: m/z calcd for C14H13INaO3 [M + Na]+: 378.9807; found: 378.9809. ompound 4g: white solid; mp 114115 C. IR (neat): 2921, 1790, 1506, 1246, 1052 cm1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): d = 7.18 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H), 6.89 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2 H), 4.58 (t, J = 2.9 Hz, 1 H), 3.82 (s, 3 H), 3.31 (dd, J = 2.2, 16.9 Hz, 1 H), 2.96 (dd, J = 2.5, 16.9 Hz, 1 H), 2.92 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1 H), 2.51 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1 H), 1.60 (s, 3 H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): d = 159.8, 154.5, 144.0, 136.3, 129.6, 114.3, 88.1, 83.7, 82.0, 55.9, 44.8, 42.9, 26.7. Anal Calcd for C15H15IO4: C, 46.65; H, 3.92. Found: C, 45.60; H, 4.10. LRMS (CI+): m/z calcd for C15H16IO4 [M+ + H]: 387; found: 387 (100) [M+ + H], 343 (6) [M+ + H CO2], 325 (67) [M+ + H CO2 H2O]. Compound 5g: colorless liquid. IR (neat): 2968, 2926, 1738, 1506, 1279, 1246, 1156, 1085 cm1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): d = 7.10 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2 H), 6.89 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H), 5.00 (t, J = 4.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.82 (s, 3 H), 3.44 (d br, J = 18.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.07 (d of ABq, J = 7.9 Hz, 1 H), 3.00 (d of ABq, J = 7.9 Hz, 1 H), 2.94 (d br, J = 18.7 Hz, 1 H), 1.81 (s, 3 H), 1.52 (s, 9 H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): d = 159.6, 153.3, 141.2, 137.9, 129.7, 114.3, 93.1, 83.6, 61.4, 55.9, 47.7, 45.7, 28.8, 28.4. LRMS (CI+): m/z calcd for C19H25 79BrIO4 [M+ + H]: 523; found: 523 (24) [M+ + H, 79Br], 525 (24) [M+ + H, 81Br], 467 (10) [M+ + H C4H8, 79Br], 469 (8) [M+ + H C4H8, 81Br], 443 (6) [M+ 79Br], 405 (37) [M+ + H C4H8 CO2 H2O, 79Br], 407 (36) [M+ + H C4H8 CO2 H2O, 81Br]. Compound 4n: white solid; mp 105107 C. IR (NaCl): 2916, 2850, 1790, 1601, 1511, 1350, 1246, 1057 cm1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): d = 7.12 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H), 6.90 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2 H), 4.55 (t, J = 3.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.82 (s, 3 H), 3.243.16 (m, 2 H), 2.95 (q, J = 7.3 Hz, 1 H), 1.58 (s, 3 H), 1.07 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 3 H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): d = 159.8, 154.6, 149.6, 136.7, 130.0, 129.8, 114.4, 89.0, 86.0, 81.9, 55.9, 46.3, 43.8, 25.0, 13.4. ES-HRMS: m/z calcd for C16H17IO4Na [M + Na]+: 423.0069; found: 423.0068. Compound 5n: pale yellow liquid. IR (NaCl): 2916, 2930, 1743, 1601, 1506, 1365, 1279, 1242, 1156 cm1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): d = 7.16 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2 H), 6.91 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H), 5.49 (dd, J = 3.3, 7.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.03 (q, J = 6.9 Hz, 1 H), 3.82 (s, 3 H), 3.37 (dd, J = 7.7, 17.3 Hz, 1 H), 2.77 (dd, J = 3.3, 17.2 Hz, 1 H), 1.70 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 3 H), 1.51 (s, 9 H), 1.14 (s, 3 H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): d = 159.9, 153.6, 152.8, 131.2, 129.5, 114.3, 95.2, 83.1, 78.3, 60.4, 57.4, 55.8, 50.7, 28.4, 21.8, 18.7. LRMS (CI+): m/z calcd for C20H26 79BrIO4 [M+ + H]: 537; found: 537 (22) [M+ + H, 79Br], 539 (22) [M+ + H, 81Br], 481 (26) [M+ + H C4H8, 79Br], 483 (24) [M+ + H C4H8, 81Br], 419 (52) [M+ BocO, 79Br], 421 (51) [M+ BocO, 81Br], 401 (100) [M+ Br C4H8, 79Br].
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