메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 106, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 255-271

Mapping cardiac pacemaker circuits: Methodological puzzles of the sinoatrial node optical mapping

Author keywords

Calcium; Optical mapping; Sinoatrial exit block; Sinoatrial node

Indexed keywords

ACTION POTENTIAL; CALCIUM CELL LEVEL; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; HEART ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; HEART MUSCLE; MEMBRANE CURRENT; MICROELECTRODE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL PROCESSING; SINUS NODE;

EID: 76349106146     PISSN: 00097330     EISSN: 15244571     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.209841     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (46)

References (104)
  • 1
    • 0000351569 scopus 로고
    • The form and nature of the muscular connection between the primary divisions of the vertebrate heart
    • Keith A, Flack M. The form and nature of the muscular connection between the primary divisions of the vertebrate heart. J Anat Physiol. 1907;41:172-189.
    • (1907) J Anat Physiol , vol.41 , pp. 172-189
    • Keith, A.1    Flack, M.2
  • 3
    • 0001052385 scopus 로고
    • The site of origin of the mammalian heart beat: The pacemaker in the dog
    • Lewis T, Oppenheimer A, Oppenheimer BS. The site of origin of the mammalian heart beat: the pacemaker in the dog. Heart. 1910;II: 147-169
    • (1910) Heart , vol.2 , pp. 147-169
    • Lewis, T.1    Oppenheimer, A.2    Oppenheimer, B.S.3
  • 5
    • 50349096521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genesis and regulation of the heart automa-ticity
    • Mangoni ME, Nargeot J. Genesis and regulation of the heart automa-ticity. Physiol Rev. 2008;88:919-982.
    • (2008) Physiol Rev , vol.88 , pp. 919-982
    • Mangoni, M.E.1    Nargeot, J.2
  • 6
    • 67649104033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What keeps us ticking: A funny current, a calcium clock, or both?
    • Lakatta EG, DiFrancesco D. What keeps us ticking: a funny current, a calcium clock, or both? J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2009;47:157-170.
    • (2009) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.47 , pp. 157-170
    • Lakatta, E.G.1    Difrancesco, D.2
  • 7
    • 20044393073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 15th annual Gordon K. Moe Lecture. Biological pace-making: In our lifetime?
    • Rosen MR. 15th annual Gordon K. Moe Lecture. Biological pace-making: in our lifetime? Heart Rhythm. 2005;2:418-428.
    • (2005) Heart Rhythm , vol.2 , pp. 418-428
    • Rosen, M.R.1
  • 9
    • 0035138954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visualizing excitation waves inside cardiac muscle using transillumination
    • Baxter WT, Mironov SF, Zaitsev AV, Jalife J, Pertsov AM. Visualizing excitation waves inside cardiac muscle using transillumination. Biophys J. 2001;80:516-530.
    • (2001) Biophys J , vol.80 , pp. 516-530
    • Baxter, W.T.1    Mironov, S.F.2    Zaitsev, A.V.3    Jalife, J.4    Pertsov, A.M.5
  • 10
    • 0344981485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of optical depth effects on fluorescence imaging of cardiac propagation
    • Bray MA, Wikswo JP. Examination of optical depth effects on fluorescence imaging of cardiac propagation. Biophys J. 2003;85:4134-4145.
    • (2003) Biophys J , vol.85 , pp. 4134-4145
    • Bray, M.A.1    Wikswo, J.P.2
  • 11
    • 36549078759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of photon scattering in optical signal distortion during arrhythmia and defibrillation
    • Bishop MJ, Rodriguez B, Qu F, Efimov IR, Gavaghan DJ, Trayanova NA. The role of photon scattering in optical signal distortion during arrhythmia and defibrillation. Biophys J. 2007;93:3714-3726.
    • (2007) Biophys J , vol.93 , pp. 3714-3726
    • Bishop, M.J.1    Rodriguez, B.2    Qu, F.3    Efimov, I.R.4    Gavaghan, D.J.5    Trayanova, N.A.6
  • 14
    • 0001765987 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of the human sinus node
    • James TN. Anatomy of the human sinus node. Anat Rec. 1961;141: 109-139.
    • (1961) Anat Rec , vol.141 , pp. 109-139
    • James, T.N.1
  • 15
    • 0036876067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and function of the sinus node AV node and His bundle of the human heart: Part I-structure
    • James TN. Structure and function of the sinus node, AV node and His bundle of the human heart: part I-structure. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2002;45:235-267.
    • (2002) Prog Cardiovasc Dis , vol.45 , pp. 235-267
    • James, T.N.1
  • 16
    • 0014185887 scopus 로고
    • Reconstruction of the human sino-atrial node
    • Truex RC, Smythe MQ, Taylor MJ. Reconstruction of the human sino-atrial node. Anat Rec. 1967;159:371-378.
    • (1967) Anat Rec , vol.159 , pp. 371-378
    • Truex, R.C.1    Smythe, M.Q.2    Taylor, M.J.3
  • 17
    • 0001077339 scopus 로고
    • The connecting pathways between the sinus node and the A-V node and between the right and left atrium of the human heart
    • James T. The connecting pathways between the sinus node and the A-V node and between the right and left atrium of the human heart. Am Heart J. 1963;66:498-508.
    • (1963) Am Heart J , vol.66 , pp. 498-508
    • James, T.1
  • 18
    • 8044251039 scopus 로고
    • Experiments on the origin and propagation of the impulse in the heart: Point of primary negativity in the mammalian heart and the spread of negativity to other regions
    • Eyster JAE, Meek WJ. Experiments on the origin and propagation of the impulse in the heart: point of primary negativity in the mammalian heart and the spread of negativity to other regions. Heart. 1913;5:119-136.
    • (1913) Heart , vol.5 , pp. 119-136
    • Eyster, J.A.E.1    Meek, W.J.2
  • 19
    • 0012146571 scopus 로고
    • The effect of vagal stimulation and of colling on the location of the pacemaker within the sino-auricular node
    • Meek WJ, Eyster J.A.E. The effect of vagal stimulation and of colling on the location of the pacemaker within the sino-auricular node. Am J Physiol. 1914;34:368-383.
    • (1914) Am J Physiol , vol.34 , pp. 368-383
    • Meek, W.J.1    Eyster, J.A.E.2
  • 20
    • 76349084882 scopus 로고
    • Membrane and action potentials of single myo-cardial fibers of cold and warmblooded animals
    • Trautwein W, Zink K. [Membrane and action potentials of single myo-cardial fibers of cold and warmblooded animals.]. Pflugers Arch. 1952; 256:64-84.
    • (1952) Pflugers Arch , vol.256 , pp. 64-84
    • Trautwein, W.1    Zink, K.2
  • 21
    • 0001351071 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological evidence for specialized fiber types in rabbit atrium
    • de Carvalho AP, de Mello WC, Hoffman BF. Electrophysiological evidence for specialized fiber types in rabbit atrium. Am J Physiol. 1959;196:483-488.
    • (1959) Am J Physiol , vol.196 , pp. 483-488
    • De Carvalho, A.P.1    De Mello, W.C.2    Hoffman, B.F.3
  • 22
    • 0000501764 scopus 로고
    • Spread of excitation from the sinus node
    • Sano T, Yamagishi S. Spread of excitation from the sinus node. Circ Res. 1965;16:423-430.
    • (1965) Circ Res , vol.16 , pp. 423-430
    • Sano, T.1    Yamagishi, S.2
  • 23
    • 0031000151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High resolution fluorescent imaging of rabbit heart does not reveal a distinct atrioventricular nodal anterior input channel (fast pathway) during sinus rhythm
    • Efimov IR, Fahy GJ, Cheng YN, Van Wagoner DR, Tchou PJ, Mazgalev TN. High resolution fluorescent imaging of rabbit heart does not reveal a distinct atrioventricular nodal anterior input channel (fast pathway) during sinus rhythm. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 1997;8: 295-306.
    • (1997) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.8 , pp. 295-306
    • Efimov, I.R.1    Fahy, G.J.2    Cheng, Y.N.3    Van Wagoner, D.R.4    Tchou, P.J.5    Mazgalev, T.N.6
  • 24
    • 0033049918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Downward gradient in action potential duration along conduction path in and around the sinoatrial node
    • Boyett MR, Honjo H, Yamamoto M, Nikmaram MR, Niwa R, Kodama I. Downward gradient in action potential duration along conduction path in and around the sinoatrial node. Am J Physiol. 1999;276:H686-H698.
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.276
    • Boyett, M.R.1    Honjo, H.2    Yamamoto, M.3    Nikmaram, M.R.4    Niwa, R.5    Kodama, I.6
  • 27
    • 33746799683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postganglionic nerve stimulation induces temporal inhibition of excitability in the rabbit sinoatrial node
    • Fedorov VV, Hucker WJ, Dobrzynski H, Rosenshtraukh LV, Efimov IR. Postganglionic Nerve Stimulation Induces Temporal Inhibition of Excitability in the Rabbit Sinoatrial Node. Am J Physiol. 2006;291: H612-H623.
    • (2006) Am J Physiol , vol.291
    • Fedorov, V.V.1    Hucker, W.J.2    Dobrzynski, H.3    Rosenshtraukh, L.V.4    Efimov, I.R.5
  • 29
    • 0029144338 scopus 로고
    • Primary negativity does not predict dominant pacemaker location: Implications for sino-atrial conduction
    • Bromberg BI, Hand DE, Schuessler RB, Boineau JP. Primary negativity does not predict dominant pacemaker location: implications for sino-atrial conduction. Am J Physiol. 1995;269:H877-H887.
    • (1995) Am J Physiol , vol.269
    • Bromberg, B.I.1    Hand, D.E.2    Schuessler, R.B.3    Boineau, J.P.4
  • 31
    • 0008026555 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of the sinus node of the dog
    • James TN. Anatomy of the sinus node of the dog. Anat Rec. 1962;143: 251-265.
    • (1962) Anat Rec , vol.143 , pp. 251-265
    • James, T.N.1
  • 33
    • 60649086907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pacemaker activity of the human sinoatrial node: Role of the hyperpolarization-activated current, i (f)
    • Verkerk AO, van Ginneken AC, Wilders R. Pacemaker activity of the human sinoatrial node: role of the hyperpolarization-activated current, I (f). Int J Cardiol. 2009;132:318-336.
    • (2009) Int J Cardiol , vol.132 , pp. 318-336
    • Verkerk, A.O.1    Van Ginneken, A.C.2    Wilders, R.3
  • 34
    • 0037306544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal sinus node function in clinical arrhythmias
    • Schuessler RB. Abnormal sinus node function in clinical arrhythmias. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2003;14:215-217.
    • (2003) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.14 , pp. 215-217
    • Schuessler, R.B.1
  • 37
    • 0018230278 scopus 로고
    • Multicentric origin of the atrial depolarization wave: The pacemaker complex. Relation to dynamics of atrial conduction, P-wave changes and heart rate control
    • Boineau JP, Schuessler RB, Mooney CR, Wylds AC, Miller CB, Hudson RD, Borremans JM, Brockus CW. Multicentric origin of the atrial depolarization wave: the pacemaker complex. Relation to dynamics of atrial conduction, P-wave changes and heart rate control. Circulation. 1978;58:1036-1048.
    • (1978) Circulation , vol.58 , pp. 1036-1048
    • Boineau, J.P.1    Schuessler, R.B.2    Mooney, C.R.3    Wylds, A.C.4    Miller, C.B.5    Hudson, R.D.6    Borremans, J.M.7    Brockus, C.W.8
  • 40
    • 0032493265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution three-dimensional fluorescent imaging reveals multilayer conduction pattern in the atrioventricular node
    • Efimov IR, Mazgalev TN. High-resolution three-dimensional fluorescent imaging reveals multilayer conduction pattern in the atrioventricular node. Circulation. 1998;98:54-57.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 54-57
    • Efimov, I.R.1    Mazgalev, T.N.2
  • 41
    • 0032704119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of 3D scroll waves with ribbon-shaped filament as a mechanism of ventricular tachycardia in the isolated rabbit heart
    • Efimov IR, Sidorov VY, Cheng Y, Wollenzier B. Evidence of 3D scroll waves with ribbon-shaped filament as a mechanism of ventricular tachycardia in the isolated rabbit heart. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 1999;10:1452-1462.
    • (1999) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.10 , pp. 1452-1462
    • Efimov, I.R.1    Sidorov, V.Y.2    Cheng, Y.3    Wollenzier, B.4
  • 42
    • 0036720636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Averaging over depth during optical mapping of unipolar stimulation
    • Janks DL, Roth BJ. Averaging over depth during optical mapping of unipolar stimulation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2002;49:1051-1054.
    • (2002) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng , vol.49 , pp. 1051-1054
    • Janks, D.L.1    Roth, B.J.2
  • 43
    • 0035895864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluorescent imaging of a dual-pathway atrioven-tricular-nodal conduction system
    • Nikolski V, Efimov I. Fluorescent imaging of a dual-pathway atrioven-tricular-nodal conduction system. Circ Res. 2001;88:e23-e30.
    • (2001) Circ Res , vol.88
    • Nikolski, V.1    Efimov, I.2
  • 44
    • 23344433981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical action potential upstroke morphology reveals near-surface transmural propagation direction
    • Hyatt CJ, Mironov SF, Vetter FJ, Zemlin CW, Pertsov AM. Optical action potential upstroke morphology reveals near-surface transmural propagation direction. Circ Res. 2005;97:277-284.
    • (2005) Circ Res , vol.97 , pp. 277-284
    • Hyatt, C.J.1    Mironov, S.F.2    Vetter, F.J.3    Zemlin, C.W.4    Pertsov, A.M.5
  • 45
    • 0014252158 scopus 로고
    • The influence of sympathetic stimulation on transmembrane potentials in the S-A node
    • Toda N, Shimamoto K. The influence of sympathetic stimulation on transmembrane potentials in the S-A node. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1968;159:298-305.
    • (1968) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.159 , pp. 298-305
    • Toda, N.1    Shimamoto, K.2
  • 46
    • 0018387132 scopus 로고
    • How does adrenaline accelerate the heart?
    • Brown HF, DiFrancesco D, Noble SJ. How does adrenaline accelerate the heart? Nature. 1979;280:235-236.
    • (1979) Nature , vol.280 , pp. 235-236
    • Brown, H.F.1    Difrancesco, D.2    Noble, S.J.3
  • 47
    • 20444383848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiology and pharmacology of the cardiac pacemaker ("funny") current
    • Baruscotti M, Bucchi A, DiFrancesco D. Physiology and pharmacology of the cardiac pacemaker ("funny") current. Pharmacol Ther. 2005;107: 59-79.
    • (2005) Pharmacol Ther , vol.107 , pp. 59-79
    • Baruscotti, M.1    Bucchi, A.2    Difrancesco, D.3
  • 48
    • 0024505757 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of automaticity in subsidiary pacemakers from cat right atrium
    • Rubenstein DS, Lipsius SL. Mechanisms of automaticity in subsidiary pacemakers from cat right atrium. Circ Res. 1989;64:648-657.
    • (1989) Circ Res , vol.64 , pp. 648-657
    • Rubenstein, D.S.1    Lipsius, S.L.2
  • 49
    • 0030299040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum in the regulation of sinoatrial node automaticity
    • Hata T, Noda T, Nishimura M, Watanabe Y. The role of Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum in the regulation of sinoatrial node automaticity. Heart Vessels. 1996;11:234-241.
    • (1996) Heart Vessels , vol.11 , pp. 234-241
    • Hata, T.1    Noda, T.2    Nishimura, M.3    Watanabe, Y.4
  • 50
    • 0027337258 scopus 로고
    • Na(+)-Ca2 + exchange current in latent pacemaker cells isolated from cat right atrium
    • Zhou Z, Lipsius SL. Na(+)-Ca2 + exchange current in latent pacemaker cells isolated from cat right atrium. J Physiol. 1993;466:263-285.
    • (1993) J Physiol , vol.466 , pp. 263-285
    • Zhou, Z.1    Lipsius, S.L.2
  • 51
    • 0029741590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible role of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in pacemaking in guinea-pig sino-atrial node
    • Rigg L, Terrar DA. Possible role of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in pacemaking in guinea-pig sino-atrial node. Exp Physiol. 1996;81:877-880.
    • (1996) Exp Physiol , vol.81 , pp. 877-880
    • Rigg, L.1    Terrar, D.A.2
  • 52
    • 33745344579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ionic basis of ryanodine's negative chronotropic effect on pacemaker cells isolated from the sinoatrial node
    • Li J, Qu J, Nathan RD. Ionic basis of ryanodine's negative chronotropic effect on pacemaker cells isolated from the sinoatrial node. Am J Physiol. 1997;273:H2481-H2489.
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.273
    • Li, J.1    Qu, J.2    Nathan, R.D.3
  • 53
    • 0032056007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular calcium and Na +-Ca2+ exchange current in isolated toad pacemaker cells
    • Ju YK, Allen DG. Intracellular calcium and Na +-Ca2+ exchange current in isolated toad pacemaker cells. J Physiol. 1998;508(pt 1):153-166.
    • (1998) J Physiol , vol.508 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 153-166
    • Ju, Y.K.1    Allen, D.G.2
  • 54
    • 0141653536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular Ca2+ release contributes to automaticity in cat atrial pacemaker cells
    • Huser J, Blatter LA, Lipsius SL. Intracellular Ca2+ release contributes to automaticity in cat atrial pacemaker cells. J Physiol. 2000;524(pt 2):415-422.
    • (2000) J Physiol , vol.524 , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 415-422
    • Huser, J.1    Blatter, L.A.2    Lipsius, S.L.3
  • 55
    • 0037059563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-Adrenergic stimulation modulates ryanodine receptor Ca(2 +) release during diastolic depolarization to accelerate pacemaker activity in rabbit sinoatrial nodal cells
    • Vinogradova TM, Bogdanov KY, Lakatta EG. beta-Adrenergic stimulation modulates ryanodine receptor Ca(2 +) release during diastolic depolarization to accelerate pacemaker activity in rabbit sinoatrial nodal cells. Circ Res. 2002;90:73-79.
    • (2002) Circ Res , vol.90 , pp. 73-79
    • Vinogradova, T.M.1    Bogdanov, K.Y.2    Lakatta, E.G.3
  • 57
    • 0035933474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sinoatrial nodal cell ryanodine receptor and Na(+)-Ca(2 +) exchanger: Molecular partners in pacemaker regulation
    • Bogdanov KY, Vinogradova TM, Lakatta EG. Sinoatrial nodal cell ryanodine receptor and Na(+)-Ca(2 +) exchanger: molecular partners in pacemaker regulation. Circ Res. 2001;88:1254-1258.
    • (2001) Circ Res , vol.88 , pp. 1254-1258
    • Bogdanov, K.Y.1    Vinogradova, T.M.2    Lakatta, E.G.3
  • 58
    • 33747586784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emergence of a general theory of the initiation and strength of the heartbeat
    • Maltsev VA, Vinogradova TM, Lakatta EG. The emergence of a general theory of the initiation and strength of the heartbeat. J Pharmacol Sci. 2006;100:338-369.
    • (2006) J Pharmacol Sci , vol.100 , pp. 338-369
    • Maltsev, V.A.1    Vinogradova, T.M.2    Lakatta, E.G.3
  • 62
    • 2342617480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular Ca2 + and pacemaking within the rabbit sinoatrial node: Heterogeneity of role and control
    • Lancaster MK, Jones SA, Harrison SM, Boyett MR. Intracellular Ca2 + and pacemaking within the rabbit sinoatrial node: heterogeneity of role and control. J Physiol. 2004;556:481-494.
    • (2004) J Physiol , vol.556 , pp. 481-494
    • Lancaster, M.K.1    Jones, S.A.2    Harrison, S.M.3    Boyett, M.R.4
  • 64
    • 0021326029 scopus 로고
    • Activation sequence and potential distribution maps demonstrating multicentric atrial impulse origin in dogs
    • Boineau JP, Miller CB, Schuessler RB, Roeske WR, Autry LJ, Wylds AC, Hill DA. Activation sequence and potential distribution maps demonstrating multicentric atrial impulse origin in dogs. Circ Res. 1984;54: 332-347.
    • (1984) Circ Res , vol.54 , pp. 332-347
    • Boineau, J.P.1    Miller, C.B.2    Schuessler, R.B.3    Roeske, W.R.4    Autry, L.J.5    Wylds, A.C.6    Hill, D.A.7
  • 67
    • 33751298056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in effects of Cs +, UL-FS-49, and ZD-7288 within sinoatrial node
    • Nikmaram MR, Boyett MR, Kodama I, Suzuki R, Honjo H. Variation in effects of Cs +, UL-FS-49, and ZD-7288 within sinoatrial node. Am J Physiol. 1997;272:H2782-H2792.
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.272
    • Nikmaram, M.R.1    Boyett, M.R.2    Kodama, I.3    Suzuki, R.4    Honjo, H.5
  • 68
    • 0028909297 scopus 로고
    • Effects of high potassium and the bradycardic agents ZD7288 and cesium on heart rate of rabbits and guinea pigs
    • Leitch SP, Sears CE, Brown HF, Paterson DJ. Effects of high potassium and the bradycardic agents ZD7288 and cesium on heart rate of rabbits and guinea pigs. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1995;25:300-306.
    • (1995) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.25 , pp. 300-306
    • Leitch, S.P.1    Sears, C.E.2    Brown, H.F.3    Paterson, D.J.4
  • 69
    • 0025010664 scopus 로고
    • Pacemaking in rabbit isolated sino-atrial node cells during Cs+ block of the hyperpolarization-activated current if
    • Denyer JC, Brown HF. Pacemaking in rabbit isolated sino-atrial node cells during Cs+ block of the hyperpolarization-activated current if. J Physiol. 1990;429:401-409.
    • (1990) J Physiol , vol.429 , pp. 401-409
    • Denyer, J.C.1    Brown, H.F.2
  • 70
    • 76349113304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular mechanism underlying sick sinus syndromes in intact canine sinoatrial node
    • Joung B, Tang L, Han S, Maruyama M, Chen PS, Lin SF. Cellular mechanism underlying sick sinus syndromes in intact canine sinoatrial node. J Am Coll Cardio. 2009;53:A102.
    • (2009) J Am Coll Cardio , vol.53
    • Joung, B.1    Tang, L.2    Han, S.3    Maruyama, M.4    Chen, P.S.5    Lin, S.F.6
  • 71
    • 34247104908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into pacemaker activity: Promoting understanding of sick sinus syndrome
    • Dobrzynski H, Boyett MR, Anderson RH. New insights into pacemaker activity: promoting understanding of sick sinus syndrome. Circulation. 2007;115:1921-1932.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , pp. 1921-1932
    • Dobrzynski, H.1    Boyett, M.R.2    Anderson, R.H.3
  • 72
    • 7444262001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ageing-related changes of con-nexins and conduction within the sinoatrial node
    • Jones SA, Lancaster MK, Boyett MR. Ageing-related changes of con-nexins and conduction within the sinoatrial node. J Physiol. 2004;560: 429-437.
    • (2004) J Physiol , vol.560 , pp. 429-437
    • Jones, S.A.1    Lancaster, M.K.2    Boyett, M.R.3
  • 73
    • 33947729586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declining into failure: The age-dependent loss of the L-type calcium channel within the sinoatrial node
    • Jones SA, Boyett MR, Lancaster MK. Declining into failure: the age-dependent loss of the L-type calcium channel within the sinoatrial node. Circulation. 2007;115:1183-1190.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , pp. 1183-1190
    • Jones, S.A.1    Boyett, M.R.2    Lancaster, M.K.3
  • 75
    • 4344563965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remodeling of sinus node function in patients with congestive heart failure: Reduction in sinus node reserve
    • Sanders P, Kistler PM, Morton JB, Spence SJ, Kalman JM. Remodeling of sinus node function in patients with congestive heart failure: reduction in sinus node reserve. Circulation. 2004;110:897-903.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 897-903
    • Sanders, P.1    Kistler, P.M.2    Morton, J.B.3    Spence, S.J.4    Kalman, J.M.5
  • 76
    • 0029800507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pacing-induced chronic atrial fibrillation impairs sinus node function in dogs. Electrophysiological remodeling
    • Elvan A, Wylie K, Zipes DP. Pacing-induced chronic atrial fibrillation impairs sinus node function in dogs. Electrophysiological remodeling. Circulation. 1996;94:2953-2960.
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.94 , pp. 2953-2960
    • Elvan, A.1    Wylie, K.2    Zipes, D.P.3
  • 79
    • 0037539913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of sodium channel mutations to bradycardia and sinus node dysfunction in LQT3 families
    • Veldkamp MW, Wilders R, Baartscheer A, Zegers JG, Bezzina CR, Wilde AA. Contribution of sodium channel mutations to bradycardia and sinus node dysfunction in LQT3 families. Circ Res. 2003;92: 976-983.
    • (2003) Circ Res , vol.92 , pp. 976-983
    • Veldkamp, M.W.1    Wilders, R.2    Baartscheer, A.3    Zegers, J.G.4    Bezzina, C.R.5    Wilde, A.A.6
  • 80
    • 30444452695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial sinus bradycardia associated with a mutation in the cardiac pacemaker channel
    • Milanesi R, Baruscotti M, Gnecchi-Ruscone T, DiFrancesco D. Familial sinus bradycardia associated with a mutation in the cardiac pacemaker channel. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:151-157.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 151-157
    • Milanesi, R.1    Baruscotti, M.2    Gnecchi-Ruscone, T.3    Difrancesco, D.4
  • 81
    • 18944397275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ankyrin-based cardiac arrhythmias: A new class of channelopathies due to loss of cellular targeting
    • Mohler PJ, Bennett V. Ankyrin-based cardiac arrhythmias: a new class of channelopathies due to loss of cellular targeting. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2005;20:189-193.
    • (2005) Curr Opin Cardiol , vol.20 , pp. 189-193
    • Mohler, P.J.1    Bennett, V.2
  • 84
    • 0037458671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclic variation of intracellular calcium: A critical factor for cardiac pacemaker cell dominance
    • Lakatta EG, Maltsev VA, Bogdanov KY, Stern MD, Vinogradova TM. Cyclic variation of intracellular calcium: a critical factor for cardiac pacemaker cell dominance. Circ Res. 2003;92:e45-e50.
    • (2003) Circ Res , vol.92
    • Lakatta, E.G.1    Maltsev, V.A.2    Bogdanov, K.Y.3    Stern, M.D.4    Vinogradova, T.M.5
  • 85
    • 65249189288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Funny current downregulation and sinus node dysfunction associated with atrial tachyarrhythmia: A molecular basis for tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome
    • Yeh YH, Burstein B, Qi XY, Sakabe M, Chartier D, Comtois P, Wang Z, Kuo CT, Nattel S. Funny current downregulation and sinus node dysfunction associated with atrial tachyarrhythmia: a molecular basis for tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome. Circulation. 2009;119:1576-1585.
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.119 , pp. 1576-1585
    • Yeh, Y.H.1    Burstein, B.2    Qi, X.Y.3    Sakabe, M.4    Chartier, D.5    Comtois, P.6    Wang, Z.7    Kuo, C.T.8    Nattel, S.9
  • 86
    • 19444367883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sinus node dysfunction and hyperpolarization-activated (HCN) channel subunit remodeling in a canine heart failure model
    • Zicha S, Fernandez-Velasco M, Lonardo G, L'Heureux N, Nattel S. Sinus node dysfunction and hyperpolarization-activated (HCN) channel subunit remodeling in a canine heart failure model. Cardiovasc Res. 2005;66:472-481.
    • (2005) Cardiovasc Res , vol.66 , pp. 472-481
    • Zicha, S.1    Fernandez-Velasco, M.2    Lonardo, G.3    L'Heureux, N.4    Nattel, S.5
  • 88
    • 64049083007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergism of coupled subsarcolemmal Ca2 + clocks and sarcolemmal voltage clocks confers robust and flexible pacemaker function in a novel pacemaker cell model
    • Maltsev VA, Lakatta EG. Synergism of coupled subsarcolemmal Ca2 + clocks and sarcolemmal voltage clocks confers robust and flexible pacemaker function in a novel pacemaker cell model. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009;296:H594-H615.
    • (2009) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.296
    • Maltsev, V.A.1    Lakatta, E.G.2
  • 89
    • 0001710431 scopus 로고
    • Ultramicroelectrode recording from the cardiac pacemaker
    • West TC. Ultramicroelectrode recording from the cardiac pacemaker. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1955;115:283-290.
    • (1955) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.115 , pp. 283-290
    • West, T.C.1
  • 90
    • 0344438183 scopus 로고
    • de Carvalho AP, de Mello WC, Hoffman BF, eds Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier
    • de Carvalho AP, de Mello WC, Hoffman BF, eds. The Specialized Tissues of the Heart. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier; 1961.
    • (1961) The Specialized Tissues of the Heart
  • 91
    • 0017295040 scopus 로고
    • The slow membrane channel as the predominant mediator of the excitation process of the sinoatrial pacemaker cell
    • Kohlhardt M, Figulla HR, Tripathi O. The slow membrane channel as the predominant mediator of the excitation process of the sinoatrial pacemaker cell. Basic Res Cardiol. 1976;71:17-26.
    • (1976) Basic Res Cardiol , vol.71 , pp. 17-26
    • Kohlhardt, M.1    Figulla, H.R.2    Tripathi, O.3
  • 92
    • 0017264346 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of the rectifying properties of the sino-atrial node cell of the rabbit
    • Seyama I. Characteristics of the rectifying properties of the sino-atrial node cell of the rabbit. J Physiol. 1976;255:379-397.
    • (1976) J Physiol , vol.255 , pp. 379-397
    • Seyama, I.1
  • 93
    • 0037214662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and function of the sinus node AV node and his bundle of the human heart: Part II-function
    • James TN. Structure and function of the sinus node, AV node and his bundle of the human heart: part II-function. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2003;45:327-360.
    • (2003) Prog Cardiovasc Dis , vol.45 , pp. 327-360
    • James, T.N.1
  • 94
    • 0017143804 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous action potentials of cells in the canine sinus node
    • Woods WT, Urthaler F, James TN. Spontaneous action potentials of cells in the canine sinus node. Circ Res. 1976;39:76-82.
    • (1976) Circ Res , vol.39 , pp. 76-82
    • Woods, W.T.1    Urthaler, F.2    James, T.N.3
  • 95
    • 33750821196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuous conduction at Purkinje-ventricular muscle junction
    • Wiedmann RT, Tan RC, Joyner RW. Discontinuous conduction at Purkinje-ventricular muscle junction. Am J Physiol. 1996;271:H1507-H1516.
    • (1996) Am J Physiol , vol.271
    • Wiedmann, R.T.1    Tan, R.C.2    Joyner, R.W.3
  • 96
    • 67349147543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation into the role of the optical detection set-up in the recording of cardiac optical mapping signals: A Monte Carlo simulation study
    • Bishop MJ, Bub G, Garny A, Gavaghan DJ, Rodriguez B. An investigation into the role of the optical detection set-up in the recording of cardiac optical mapping signals: A Monte Carlo simulation study. Physica D. 2009;238:1008-1018.
    • (2009) Physica D , vol.238 , pp. 1008-1018
    • Bishop, M.J.1    Bub, G.2    Garny, A.3    Gavaghan, D.J.4    Rodriguez, B.5
  • 97
    • 34247132283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lenses and effective spatial resolution in macroscopic optical mapping
    • Bien H, Parikh P, Entcheva E. Lenses and effective spatial resolution in macroscopic optical mapping. Phys Med Biol. 2007;52:941-960.
    • (2007) Phys Med Biol , vol.52 , pp. 941-960
    • Bien, H.1    Parikh, P.2    Entcheva, E.3
  • 99
    • 42049119846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical remodeling contributes to complex tachyarrhythmias in connexin43-deficient mouse hearts
    • Danik SB, Rosner G, Lader J, Gutstein DE, Fishman GI, Morley GE. Electrical remodeling contributes to complex tachyarrhythmias in connexin43-deficient mouse hearts. FASEB J. 2008;22:1204-1212.
    • (2008) FASEB J , vol.22 , pp. 1204-1212
    • Danik, S.B.1    Rosner, G.2    Lader, J.3    Gutstein, D.E.4    Fishman, G.I.5    Morley, G.E.6
  • 100
    • 0035254563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding conduction of electrical impulses in the mouse heart using high-resolution video imaging technology
    • Morley GE, Vaidya D. Understanding conduction of electrical impulses in the mouse heart using high-resolution video imaging technology. Microsc Res Tech. 2001;52:241-250.
    • (2001) Microsc Res Tech , vol.52 , pp. 241-250
    • Morley, G.E.1    Vaidya, D.2
  • 103
    • 33750450141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Membrane potential fluctuations resulting from submembrane Ca2 + releases in rabbit sinoatrial nodal cells impart an exponential phase to the late diastolic depolarization that controls their chronotropic state
    • Bogdanov KY, Maltsev VA, Vinogradova TM, Lyashkov AE, Spurgeon HA, Stern MD, Lakatta EG. Membrane potential fluctuations resulting from submembrane Ca2 + releases in rabbit sinoatrial nodal cells impart an exponential phase to the late diastolic depolarization that controls their chronotropic state. Circ Res. 2006;99:979-987.
    • (2006) Circ Res , vol.99 , pp. 979-987
    • Bogdanov, K.Y.1    Maltsev, V.A.2    Vinogradova, T.M.3    Lyashkov, A.E.4    Spurgeon, H.A.5    Stern, M.D.6    Lakatta, E.G.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.