Physico-chemical quality and homogeneity of folic acid and iron in enriched flour using principal component analysis

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition

Volumn 60, Issue SUPPL. 7, 2009, Pages 164-176

  Soeiro, Bruno T ^a   Boen, Thaís R ^a   Wagner, Roger ^b   Lima Pallone, Juliana A ^b  

^a PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE CAMPINAS   (Brazil)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMPINAS   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Flour; Folic acid; Iron; Principal component analysis

Indexed keywords

TRITICUM AESTIVUM; ZEA MAYS;

FOLIC ACID; WATER;

ARTICLE; BRAZIL; CARBOHYDRATE DIET; CHEMISTRY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; FAT INTAKE; FLOUR; HEALTH CARE POLICY; IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; IRON INTAKE; MAIZE; NEURAL TUBE DEFECT; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; PROTEIN INTAKE; QUALITY CONTROL; REPRODUCIBILITY; STANDARD; STATISTICS; WHEAT;

ANEMIA, IRON-DEFICIENCY; BRAZIL; DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES; DIETARY FATS; DIETARY PROTEINS; FLOUR; FOLIC ACID; FOOD, FORTIFIED; IRON, DIETARY; NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS; NUTRITION POLICY; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; QUALITY CONTROL; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; TRITICUM; WATER; ZEA MAYS;

EID: 73449128591     PISSN: 09637486     EISSN: 14653478     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09637480902769567     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. ANVISA. 2002. National Agency of Sanitary Vigilance. Sanitary vigilance legislation. RDC no344. Available online at: www.anvisa.gov.br/e-legis (accessed 10 December 2007).
2. AOAC INTERNATIONAL 1997. Official Methods of Analysis. 16a ed., 3a rev. Gaitherburg: Published by AOAC International pp 1-43
3. Arcot J, Shrestha AJ, Gusanov U. 2002. Enzyme protein binding assay for Determining folic acid in fortified cereal foods and stability of folic acid under different extraction conditions. Food Contr 13:245-252. (Pubitemid 34538151)
4. Assunção MCF, Santos IS, Barros AJD, Gigante DP, Victora CG. 2007. Efeito Da fortificação De farinhas com ferro sobre anemia em pré-escolares, Pelotas, RS. Rev Saúde Pú bl 41(4):1-10.
5. Beard JL. 2001. Iron biology in immune function, muscle metabolism and neuronal functioning. J Nutr 131:568S-579S.
6. Bligh EG, Dyer WJ. 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37:911-917.
7. Boen TR, Soeiro BT, Pereira-Filho ER, Lima-Pallone JA. 2008. Folic acid and iron evaluation in Brazilian enriched corn and wheat flours. J Braz Chem Soc 19(1):53-59.
8. Botto LD, Moore CA, Khoury MJ, Erickson JD. 1999. Medical progress: Neural-tube Defects. N Engl J Med 341(20):1509-1512.
9. Bower C, Eades S, Payne J, D'Antone H, Stanley F. 2004. Trends in neural tube Defects in Western Australia in Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. Pediatr Perin Epidem 18:277-280. (Pubitemid 38993090)
10. Castilla EE, Orioli IM, Lopez-Camelo JS, Dutra MG, Nazer-Herrera J. 2003. Preliminary data on changes in neural tube Defect prevalence rater after folic acid fortification in South America. Am JMed Genet Part A 123A:123-128. (Pubitemid 37429593)
11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. Spina bifida and anencephaly prevalence*United States 1991-2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 51(RR13):9-11.
12. Chan A, Pickering J, Haan EA, Netting M, Burford A, Johnson A, Keane RJ. Folate before pregnancy: The impact on women and health professionals of a population-based health promotion campaign in South Australia. Obstetr Gynecol Surv 57:8-10.
13. Chen LT, Rivera MA. 2004. The Costa Rican experience: Reduction of neural tube Defects following food fortification programs. Nutr Rev 62:S40-S43.
14. Czeizel AE, Dudas I. 1992. Prevention of the first occurrence of neural tube Defects by perioconceptional vitamin supplementation. N Engl J Med 327(226):832-1839.
15. Daly S, Mills JR, Molloy AM, Conley M, Lee YJ, Kirke PN, Weir DG, Scott JM. 1997. Minimum effective dose of folic acid for food fortification to prevent neural-tube Defects. The Lancet 350(9092):1666-1673.
16. Fisberg M, Braga JA, Tadei JAA, Ferreira AMA, Kliamca PE, Schmidt BJ. 1996. Utilização De suplemento alimentar enriquecido com ferro na prevenção De anemia em pré-escolares. Rev Pediatr Mod 32: 753-758.
17. Germani R, Ascheri JLR, Silva FT, Torrezan R, Lins e Silva K, Netto AG, Nutti MR. 2001a. Manual De fortificação De farinha De trigo com ferro. Rio De Janeiro: Embrapa Agroindú stria De Alimentos. 56 pp.
18. Germani R, Ascheri JLR, Silva FT, Torrezan R, Lins e Silva K, Netto AG, Nutti, MR. 2001b. Manual De fortificação De fubá e flocos De milho com ferro. Rio De Janeiro: Embrapa. 54 pp.
19. Giorgini E, Fisberg M, De Paula RA, Ferreira AM, Valle J, Braga JA. 2001. The use of sweet rolls fortified with iron bis-glycinate chelate in the prevention of iron Deficiency anemia in preschool children. Arch LatinAm Nutr 51:48-53. (Pubitemid 33570923)
20. Gregory III JF. 1989. Chemical and nutritional aspects of folate research: analytical procedures, methods of folate synthesis, stability, and bioavailability of dietary folates. Adv Food Nutr Res 33:1-101.
21. Gujska E, Majewska K. 2005. Effect of baking process on added folic acid and endogenous folates stability in wheat and rye breads. Plant Foods Human Nutr 60:37-42. (Pubitemid 40968358)
22. Hertrampf E, Cortés F. 2004. Folic acid fortification of wheat flour: Chile. Nutr Rev S44-S48.
23. Hertrampf E, Olivares M, Walter T, Pizarro F, Heresi G, Llaguno S, et al. 1990a. Anemia ferropriva em el lactante: Erradicación com leche fortificada com hierro. Rev Med Chile 118:1330-1337.
24. Hertrampf E, Olivares M, Pizarro F, Walter T, Cayazzo M, Heresi G, et al. 1990b. Haemoglobin fortified cereal: A source of available iron to breast-fed infants. Eur J Clin Nutr 44:793-798.
25. Honein MA, Paulozzi LJ, Mathews TJ, Erickson JD, Wong LY. 2001. Impact of folic acid fortification of the US food siplly on the occurrence of neural tube Defects. J Am Clin Nutr 285:2981-2986.
26. Jenner P, Olanow CW. 1996. Oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Neurol 47: S161-S170.
27. Layrisse M, Chaves JF, Mendez-Castellano H, Bosch V, Tropper E, Bastardo B, Gonzalez E. Early response to the effect of iron fortification in the Venezuelan population. Am J Clin Nutr 64:903-907.
28. Liu S, West R, Randell E, Longerich L, O'Connor KS, Scott H, Crowley M, Lam A, Prabhakaran V, McCourt C. 2004. A comprehensive evaluation of food fortification with folic acid for the primary prevention of neural tube Defects. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 4:20.
29. Lopez-Camelo JS, Orioli IM, Graça Dutra M, Nazer-Herrera J, Rivera N, Ojeda ME, Canessa A, Wettig E, Fontannaz AM, Mellado C, Castilla EE. 2005. Reduction of birth prevalence rates of neural tube Defects after folic acid fortification in Chile. Am J Med Genet Part A 135:120-125. (Pubitemid 40769959)
30. Lozoff B. 2000. Perinatal iron Deficiency and the Developing brain. Pediatr Res 48:137-139.
31. Lozoff B, Jiménez E, Hagen J, Mollen E, Wolf AW. 2000. Poorer behavioral and Developmental outcome more than 10 years after treatment of iron Deficiency in infancy. Pediatrics 105:e51.
32. Lynch SR. 2005. The impact of iron fortification on nutritional anaemia. Best Pract Res Clin Haemat 18(2):333-346.
33. Meneghini R. 1997. Iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Free Radiv Biol Med 23: 783-792.
34. Miglioranza LHS, Matsuo T, Caballero-Córdoba GM, Dichi JB, Cyrino ES, Oliveira IBN, Martins MS, Polezer BS, Dichi I. 2003. Effect of long-term fortification of whey drink with ferrous bisglycinate on anemia prevalence in children and adolescents from Deprived areas in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Nutrition 19:419-421.
35. Nestel P, Nalubola R, Sivakaneshan R, Wickramasinghe AR, Atukorala S, Wickramannayake T, Godowatta R, Camilus J, Dharmaselan J, Ganapathy, Sunamaratne N. 2004. The use of iron-fortified wheat flour to reduce anemia among the state population in Sri Lanka. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 74:35-51.
36. Nogueira NN, Colli C, Cozzolino SMF. 1992. Controle Da anemia ferropriva em pré-escolares por meio Da fortificação De alimento com concentrado De hemoglobina bovina (estudo preliminar). Cad Saúde Pú bl 8:459-465.
37. Olivares M, Hertrampf E, Pizarro F, Walter T, Cayazzo M, Llaguno S, Chadud P, Cartagena N, Vega V, Amar M, Stekel A. 1990. Hemoglobin fortified biscuits: Bioavailability and its effect on iron nutriture in school children. Arch LatinoAm Nutr 40:209-220.
38. De Paula R, Fisberg M. 2001. The use of sugar fortified with iron tris-glycinate chelate in the prevention of iron Deficiency anemia in preschool children. Arch LatinoAm Nutr 51:54-59. (Pubitemid 33570924)
39. Persad VL, Van Den Hof MC, Dubé JM, Zimmer P. 2002. Incidence of open neural tube Defects in Nova Scotia alter folic acid fortification. Can Med Assoc J 167:241-245.
40. Preziosi P, Prual A, Galan P. 1997. Effect of iron supplementation on the iron status of pregnant women: Consequences for newborns. Am J Clin Nutr 66:1178-1182.
41. Rader JI, Weaver CM, Angyal G. 2000. Total folate in enriched cereal-grain products in the United States following fortification. Food Chem 70:275-289.
42. Ray JG, Meier C, Vermeulen MJ, Boss S, Wyatt PR, Cole De. 2002. Association of neural tube Defects and folic acid fortification in Canada. Lancet 360:2047-2048.
43. Sadighi J, Sheikholeslam R, Mohammad K, Pouraram H, Abdollahi Z, Samadpour K, Kolahdooz F, Naghavi M. 2008. Flour fortification with iron: A mid-term evaluation. Public Health 122:313-321.
44. Sari M, Bloem MW, De Pee S, Schultink WJ, Sastroamidjojo S. 2001. Effect of iron-fortified candies on the iron status of children aged 4-6 y in East Jakarta, Indonesia. Am J Clin Nutr 73:1034-1039.
45. TACO. 2006. Brazilian table of composition foods. Available onlne at: http://www.unicamp.br/nepa/taco/ (accessed 10 December 2007).
46. Taylor K, Thomson B, Love J. 2005. ESR Report on Fortification overages of the food supply. Folate and iron. NZFSA. Available online at: http://www.nzfsa.govt.nz/science/research-projects/iron-folate/ ironfolate-report.pdf. (Accessed 25 March 2009).
47. Torres MAA, Sato K, Juliano Y, Queiroz SS. 1996a. O leite em pó fortificado com ferro e vitamina C como medida De intervenção no combate à anemia carencial ferropriva em crianças atendidas em Unidade Básica De Saúde. Arch LatinoAm Nutr 46:113-117.
48. Torres MAA, Lobo NF, Sato K, Queiroz SS. 1996b. Fortificação do leite fluido na prevenção e tratamento Da anemia carencial ferropriva em crianças menores De 4 anos. Rev Saúde Pú bl 30:350-357.
49. Torres MAA, Sato K, Lobo NF, Queiroz SS. 1995. Efeito do uso De leite fortificado com ferro e vitamina C sobre os níveis De hemoglobina e condição nutricional De crianças menores De 2 anos. Rev Saúde Pú bl 29:301-307.
50. Tuma RB, Yuyama LKO, Aguiar JPL, Marques HO. 2003. Impacto Da farinha De mandioca fortificada com ferro aminoácido quelato no nível De hemoglobina De pré-escolares. Rev Nutr 16:29-39.
51. Van Stuijvenberg ME, Smuts CM, Wolmarans P, Lombard CJ, Dhansay MA. 2006. The efficacy of ferrous bisglycinate and electrolytic iron as fortificants in bread in iron-deficient school children. Br J Nutr 95:532-538.
52. Verhaar MC, Strachan FE, Newby De, Cruden NL, Koomans HA, Rabelink TJ, Webb DJ, 1998. Endothelin*A receptor antagonist-mediated vasodilatation is attenuated by inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis and by endothelin-B receptor blockade. Circulation 97:752-756.
53. Viteri FE, Alvarez E, Batres R, Torún B, Pineda O, Mejía LA, Sylvi J. 1995. Fortification of sugar with iron sodium ethylenediaminotetraacetate (FeNaEDTA) improves iron status in semirural Guatemalan populations. Am J Clin Nutr 61:1153-1163.
54. De Wals P, Rusen ID, Lee NS, Morin P, Niyonsenga T. 2003. Trends in prevalence of neural tube Defects in Quebec. Birth Defects research. Part A. Clin Mol Terat 67:919-923.
55. Walter T, Dallman PR, Pizarro F, Velozo L, Pena G, Bartholmey SJ, Hertrampf E, Olivares M, Letelier A, Arredondo M. 1993a. Effectiveness of iron-fortified infant cereal in prevention of iron Deficiency anemia. Pediatrics 9:976-982.
56. Walter T, Hertrampf E, Pizarro F, Olivares M, Llaguno S, Letelier A, Vega V, Shekel A. 1993b. Effect of bovine-hemoglobinfortified cookies on iron status of schoolchildren: A nationwide program in Chile. Am J Clin Nutr 57:190-194.
57. Williams LJ, Mai CT, Edmonds LD, Shaw GM, Kirby RS, Hobbs CA. 2002. Prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly during the transition to mandatory folic acid fortification in the United States. Teratology 66:33-39.
58. Wright AJA, Finglas PM, Southon S. 2001. Proposed mandatory fortification of the UK diet with folic acid: have potential risks been underestimated? Trends Food Sci Techn 12:313-321.