Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for integrative oncology: Complementary therapies and botanicals

Journal of the Society for Integrative Oncology

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 85-120

  Deng, Gary E ^a   Frenkel, Moshe ^b   Cohen, Lorenzo ^b   Cassileth, Barrie R ^a   Abrams, Donald I ^c   Capodice, Jillian L ^d   Courneya, Kerry S ^e   Dryden, Trish ^f   Hanser, Suzanne ^g   Kumar, Nagi ^h   Labriola, Dan ⁱ   Wardell, Diane W ^j   Sagar, Stephen ^k  

^a MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d NewYork Presbyterian Hospital   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^f CENTENNIAL COLLEGE   (Canada)

^g BERKLEE COLLEGE OF MUSIC   (United States)

^h H LEE MOFFITT CANCER CENTER AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

ⁱ Northwest Natural Health Specialty Care Clinic   (United States)

^j UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS   (United States)

^k MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

more..

Author keywords

Cancer; Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM); Complementary therapies; Integrative medicine; Oncology

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ALPRAZOLAM; ANTIOXIDANT; ASCORBIC ACID; CAMPTOTHECIN; DOCETAXEL; FLUOROURACIL; IRINOTECAN; METHOTREXATE; NAVELBINE; PACLITAXEL; SELENIUM; TOPOTECAN; VENLAFAXINE; VINBLASTINE SULFATE; VINCA ALKALOID; VINCRISTINE; VINCRISTINE SULFATE;

ACUPUNCTURE; ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; ANXIETY; ANXIETY DISORDER; AWARENESS; AYURVEDA; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONSTIPATION; DEPRESSION; DIET; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DIPLOPIA; DIZZINESS; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG INDUCED HEADACHE; DRUG SAFETY; DYSPNEA; ENERGY; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; EXERCISE; FATIGUE; GENERAL PRACTITIONER; HOT FLUSH; HUMAN; HYPNOSIS; IMAGING; INSOMNIA; MASSAGE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MEDITATION; MUSCLE SPASM; MUSIC THERAPY; NAUSEA; NAUSEA AND VOMITING; NEUROPATHY; ONCOLOGY; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; QUALITY OF LIFE; RELAXATION TRAINING; REVIEW; SAFETY; SIDE EFFECT; TAI CHI; TOBACCO DEPENDENCE; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; XEROSTOMIA; YOGA; ARTICLE; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE; NEOPLASM;

COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HUMANS; INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE; NEOPLASMS;

EID: 73349124147     PISSN: 1715894X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2310/7200.2009.0019     Document Type: Review

References (330)

1. Kligler B, Maizes V, Schachter S, et al. Core competencies in integrative medicine for medical school curricula: a proposal. Acad Med 2004;79:521-31.
2. Sagar SM. The integrative oncology supplement - a paradigm for both patient care and communication. Curr Oncol 2008;15:166-7.
3. Cassileth B, Deng G, Vickers A, Yeung KS. PDQ integrative oncology. Hamilton (ON): BC Decker; 2005.
4. Remen RN. Practicing a medicine of the whole person: an opportunity for healing. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2008;22:767-73, x.
5. Deng G, Cassileth BR, Yeung KS. Complementary therapies for cancer-related symptoms. J Support Oncol 2004;2:419-26; discussion 427-19.
6. Cassileth BR, Deng G. Complementary and alternative therapies for cancer. Oncologist 2004;9:80-9.
7. Guyatt G, Gutterman D, Baumann MH, et al. Grading strength of recommendations and quality of evidence in clinical guidelines: report from an American College of Chest Physicians task force. Chest 2006;129:174-81.
8. Verhoef MJ, Leis A. From studying patient treatment to studying patient care: arriving at methodologic crossroads. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2008;22:671-82, viii-ix.
9. Barnes PM, Powell-Griner E, McFann K, Nahin RL. Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults: United States, 2002. Adv Data 2004;(343):1-19.
10. Adams J, Sibbritt DW, Easthope G, Young AF. The profile of women who consult alternative health practitioners in Australia. Med J Aust 2003;179:297-300.
11. Chrystal K, Allan S, Forgeson G, Isaacs R. The use of complementary/alternative medicine by cancer patients in a New Zealand regional cancer treatment centre. N Z Med J 2003;116:U296.
12. Lee MM, Chang JS, Jacobs B, Wrensch MR. Complementary and alternative medicine use among men with prostate cancer in 4 ethnic populations. Am J Public Health 2002;92:1606-9.
13. Weiger WA, Smith M, Boon H, et al. Advising patients who seek complementary and alternative medical therapies for cancer. Ann Intern Med 2002; 137:889-903.
14. Navo MA, Phan J, Vaughan C, et al. An assessment of the utilization of complementary and alternative medication in women with gynecologic or breast malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:671-7.
15. Richardson MA, Sanders T, Palmer JL, et al. Complementary/ alternative medicine use in a comprehensive cancer center and the implications for oncology. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:2505-14.
16. Ernst E, Cassileth BR. The prevalence of complementary/ alternative medicine in cancer: a systematic review. Cancer 1998;83:777-82.
17. Hyodo I, Amano N, Eguchi K, et al. Nationwide survey on complementary and alternative medicine in cancer patients in Japan. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:2645-54.
18. Molassiotis A, Fernadez-Ortega P, Pud D, et al. Use of complementary and alternative medicine in cancer patients: a European survey. Ann Oncol 2005;16:655-63.
19. Gansler T, Kaw C, Crammer C, Smith T. A population-based study of prevalence of complementary methods use by cancer survivors: a report from the American Cancer Society's studies of cancer survivors. Cancer 2008;113:1048-57.
20. Ernst E. Complementary medicine: its hidden risks. Diabetes Care 2001;24:1486-8.
21. Sovak M, Seligson AL, Konas M, et al. Herbal composition PC-SPES for management of prostate cancer: identification of active principles. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:1275-81.
22. Beijnen JH, Schellens JH. Drug interactions in oncology. Lancet Oncol 2004;5:489-96.
23. Sparreboom A, Cox MC, Acharya MR, Figg WD. Herbal remedies in the United States: potential adverse interactions with anticancer agents. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22:2489-503.
24. Albanes D, Heinonen OP, Taylor PR, et al. Alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements and lung cancer incidence in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study: effects of base-line characteristics and study compliance. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996;88:1560-70.
25. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med 1994; 330:1029-35.
26. White MA, Verhoef MJ. Decision-making control: why men decline treatment for prostate cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2003;2:217-24.
27. Shumay DM, Maskarinec G, Kakai H, Gotay CC. Why some cancer patients choose complementary and alternative medicine instead of conventional treatment. J Fam Pract 2001;50:1067.
28. Montbriand MJ. Abandoning biomedicine for alternate therapies: oncology patients' stories. Cancer Nurs 1998;21:36-45.
29. Verhoef MJ, Balneaves LG, Boon HS, Vroegindewey A. Reasons for and characteristics associated with complementary and alternative medicine use among adult cancer patients: a systematic review. Integr Cancer Ther 2005;4:274-86.
30. Druss BG, Rosenheck RA. Association between use of unconventional therapies and conventional medical services. JAMA 1999;282:651-6.
31. Schmidt K. CAM and the desperate call for cancer cures and alleviation what can websites offer cancer patients? Complement Ther Med 2002;10:179-80.
32. Schmidt K, Ernst E. Assessing websites on complementary and alternative medicine for cancer. Ann Oncol 2004;15:733-42.
33. Verhoef MJ, Boon HS, Page SA. Talking to cancer patients about complementary therapies: is it the physician's responsibility? Curr Oncol 2008;15 Suppl 2:s88-93.
34. Frenkel M, Ben-Arye E, Baldwin CD, Sierpina V. Approach to communicating with patients about the use of nutritional supplements in cancer care. South Med J 2005;98:289-94.
35. Cohen L, Markman M, editors. Integrative oncology: incorporating complementary medicine into conventional cancer care. Totowa (NJ): Humana Press; 2008.
36. Abrams D, Weil A, editors. Integrative oncology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2009.
37. Mumber MP, editor. Integrative oncology: principles and practice. London: Informa HealthCare; 2005.
38. Cohen MH, Eisenberg DM. Potential physician malpractice liability associated with complementary and integrative medical therapies. Ann Intern Med 2002;136:596-603.
39. O'Connor AM. Using decision aids to help patients navigate the "grey zone" of medical decision-making. CMAJ 2007;176:1597-8.
40. O'Connor AM, Wennberg JE, Legare F, et al. Toward the 'tipping point': decision aids and informed patient choice. Health Aff (Millwood) 2007;26:716-25.
41. Frenkel M. Clinical consultation, a personal perspective: components of a successful integrative medicine clinical consultation. J Soc Integr Oncol 2008; 6:129-33.
42. Shankar K, Liao LP. Traditional systems of medicine. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2004;15:725-47, v.
43. Antoni MH, Lutgendorf SK, Cole SW, et al. The influence of bio-behavioural factors on tumour biology: pathways and mechanisms. Nat Rev Cancer 2006; 6:240-8.
44. Glaser R, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Stress-induced immune dysfunction: implications for health. Nat Rev Immunol 2005;5:243-51.
45. Thaker PH, Han LY, Kamat AA, et al. Chronic stress promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis in a mouse model of ovarian carcinoma. Nat Med 2006;12:939-44.
46. Chida Y, Hamer M, Wardle J, Steptoe A. Do stress-related psychosocial factors contribute to cancer incidence and survival? Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2008;5:466-75.
47. Steel JL, Geller DA, Gamblin TC, et al. Depression, immunity, and survival in patients with hepatobiliary carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:2397-405.
48. Andersen BL, Farrar WB, Golden-Kreutz DM, et al. Psychological, behavioral, and immune changes after a psychological intervention: a clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:3570-80.
49. Adler NE, Page AEK, editors. Cancer Care for the Whole Patients: Meeting Psychosocial Health Needs. Washington (DC): National Academies Press; 2008.
50. Wolsko PM, Eisenberg DM, Davis RB, Phillips RS. Use of mind-body medical therapies. J Gen Intern Med 2004;19:43-50.
51. Devine EC, Westlake SK. The effects of psychoeducational care provided to adults with cancer: meta-analysis of 116 studies. Oncol Nurs Forum 1995;22:1369-81.
52. Astin JA. Mind-body therapies for the management of pain. Clin J Pain 2004;20:27-32.
53. Newell SA, Sanson-Fisher RW, Savolainen NJ. Systematic review of psychological therapies for cancer patients: overview and recommendations for future research. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:558-84.
54. Ernst E, Pittler MH, Wider B, Boddy K. Mind-body therapies: are the trial data getting stronger? Altern Ther Health Med 2007;13:62-4.
55. Gordon JS. Mind-body medicine and cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2008;22:683-708, ix.
56. Shapiro SL, Bootzin RR, Figueredo AJ, et al. The efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction in the treatment of sleep disturbance in women with breast cancer: an exploratory study. J Psychosom Res 2003;54:85-91.
57. Ott MJ, Norris RL, Bauer-Wu SM. Mindfulness meditation for oncology patients: a discussion and critical review. Integr Cancer Ther 2006;5:98-108.
58. Smith JE, Richardson J, Hoffman C, Pilkington K. Mindfulness-based stress reduction as supportive therapy in cancer care: systematic review. J Adv Nurs 2005; 52:315-27.
59. Speca M, Carlson LE, Goodey E, Angen M. A randomized, wait-list controlled clinical trial: the effect of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction program on mood and symptoms of stress in cancer outpatients. Psychosom Med 2000;62:613-22.
60. Carlson LE, Ursuliak Z, Goodey E, et al. The effects of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction program on mood and symptoms of stress in cancer outpatients: 6-month follow-up. Support Care Cancer 2001;9:112-23.
61. Carlson LE, Speca M, Patel KD, Goodey E. Mindfulness-based stress reduction in relation to quality of life, mood, symptoms of stress, and immune parameters in breast and prostate cancer outpatients. Psychosom Med 2003;65:571-81.
62. Carlson LE, Speca M, Faris P, Patel KD. One year pre-post intervention follow-up of psychological, immune, endocrine and blood pressure outcomes of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in breast and prostate cancer outpatients. Brain Behav Immun 2007;21:1038-49.
63. Carlson LE, Speca M, Patel KD, Goodey E. Mindfulness-based stress reduction in relation to quality of life, mood, symptoms of stress and levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and melatonin in breast and prostate cancer outpatients. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2004;29:448-74.
64. Witek-Janusek L, Albuquerque K, Chroniak KR, et al. Effect of mindfulness based stress reduction on immune function, quality of life and coping in women newly diagnosed with early stage breast cancer. Brain Behav Immun 2008;22:969-81.
65. Carlson LE, Garland SN. Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on sleep, mood, stress and fatigue symptoms in cancer outpatients. Int J Behav Med 2005;12:278-85.
66. Cohen L, Warneke C, Fouladi RT, et al. Psychological adjustment and sleep quality in a randomized trial of the effects of a Tibetan yoga intervention in patients with lymphoma. Cancer 2004;100:2253-60.
67. Moadel AB, Shah C, Wylie-Rosett J, et al. Randomized controlled trial of yoga among a multiethnic sample of breast cancer patients: effects on quality of life. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:4387-95.
68. Raghavendra RM, Nagarathna R, Nagendra HR, et al. Effects of an integrated yoga programme on chemotherapy-induced nausea and emesis in breast cancer patients. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2007;16:462-74.
69. Rao RM, Telles S, Nagendra HR, et al. Effects of yoga on natural killer cell counts in early breast cancer patients undergoing conventional treatment. Med Sci Monit 2008;14(2):LE3-4.
70. Banerjee B, Vadiraj HS, Ram A, et al. Effects of an integrated yoga program in modulating psychological stress and radiation-induced genotoxic stress in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Integr Cancer Ther 2007;6: 42-50.
71. Mustian KM, Katula JA, Zhao H. A pilot study to assess the influence of tai chi chuan on functional capacity among breast cancer survivors. J Support Oncol 2006; 4:139-45.
72. Mustian KM, Katula JA, Gill DL, et al. Tai Chi Chuan, health-related quality of life and self-esteem: a randomized trial with breast cancer survivors. Support Care Cancer 2004;12:871-6.
73. Montgomery GH, Weltz CR, Seltz M, Bovbjerg DH. Brief presurgery hypnosis reduces distress and pain inexcisional breast biopsy patients. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2002;50:17-32.
74. Liossi C, Hatira P. Clinical hypnosis versus cognitive behavioral training for pain management with pediatric cancer patients undergoing bone marrow aspirations. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 1999;47:104-16.
75. Faymonville ME, Mambourg PH, Joris J, et al. Psych ological approaches during conscious sedation. Hypnosis versus stress reducing strategies: a prospective randomized study. Pain 1997;73:361-7.
76. Flory N, Lang E. Practical hypnotic interventions during invasive cancer diagnosis and treatment. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2008;22:709-25, ix.
77. Syrjala KL, Cummings C, Donaldson GW. Hypnosis or cognitive behavioral training for the reduction of pain and nausea during cancer treatment: a controlled clinical trial. Pain 1992;48:137-46.
78. Integration of behavioral and relaxation approaches into the treatment of chronic pain and insomnia. NIH Technology Assessment Panel on Integration of Behavioral and Relaxation Approaches into the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Insomnia. JAMA 1996;276:313-8.
79. Zeltzer LK, Dolgin MJ, LeBaron S, LeBaron C. A randomized, controlled study of behavioral intervention for chemotherapy distress in children with cancer. Pediatrics 1991;88:34-42.
80. Morrow GR, Morrell C. Behavioral treatment for the anticipatory nausea and vomiting induced by cancer chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 1982;307:1476-80.
81. Marcus J, Elkins G, Mott F. A model of hypnotic intervention for palliative care. Adv Mind Body Med 2003;19:24-7.
82. Spiegel D, Moore R. Imagery and hypnosis in the treatment of cancer patients. Oncology (Williston Park) 1997;11:1179-89; discussion 1189-95.
83. Spiegel D. The use of hypnosis in controlling cancer pain. CA Cancer J Clin 1985;35:221-31.
84. Richardson J, Smith JE, McCall G, et al. Hypnosis for nausea and vomiting in cancer chemotherapy: a systematic review of the research evidence. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2007;16:402-12.
85. Rheingans JI. A systematic review of nonpharmacologic adjunctive therapies for symptom management in children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2007; 24:81-94.
86. Feldman CS, Salzberg HC. The role of imagery in the hypnotic treatment of adverse reactions to cancer therapy. J S C Med Assoc 1990;86:303-6.
87. Montgomery GH, Bovbjerg DH, Schnur JB, et al. A randomized clinical trial of a brief hypnosis intervention to control side effects in breast surgery patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:1304-12.
88. Taylor EE, Ingleton C. Hypnotherapy and cognitivebehaviour therapy in cancer care: the patients' view. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2003;12:137-42.
89. Marchioro G, Azzarello G, Viviani F, et al. Hypnosis in the treatment of anticipatory nausea and vomiting in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. Oncology 2000;59:100-4.
90. Holland JC, Morrow GR, Schmale A, et al. A randomized clinical trial of alprazolam versus progressive muscle relaxation in cancer patients with anxiety and depressive symptoms. J Clin Oncol 1991;9:1004-11.
91. Decker TW, Cline-Elsen J, Gallagher M. Relaxation therapy as an adjunct in radiation oncology. J Clin Psychol 1992;48:388-93.
92. Morin CM, Culbert JP, Schwartz SM. Nonphar macological interventions for insomnia: a meta-analysis of treatment efficacy. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:1172-80.
93. Krischer MM, Xu P, Meade CD, Jacobsen PB. Self-administered stress management training in patients undergoing radiotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:4657-62.
94. Campos de Carvalho E, Martins FT, dos Santos CB. A pilot study of a relaxation technique for management of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Nurs 2007;30:163-7.
95. Anderson KO, Cohen MZ, Mendoza TR, et al. Brief cognitive-behavioral audiotape interventions for cancer-related pain: immediate but not long-term effectiveness. Cancer 2006;107:207-14.
96. Hanser SB. Music therapy research in adult oncology. J Soc Integr Oncol 2006;4:62-6.
97. Hilliard RE. Music therapy in pediatric oncology: a review of the literature. J Soc Integr Oncol 2006;4:75-9.
98. Hilliard RE. Music therapy in hospice and palliative care: a review of the empirical data. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2005;2:173-8.
99. Rykov M, Salmon D. Bibliography for music therapy in palliative care, 1963-1997. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 1998;15:174-80.
100. Frank JM. The effects of music therapy and guided visual imagery on chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. Oncol Nurs Forum 1985;12:47-52.
101. Sabo CE, Michael SR. The infl uence of personal message with music on anxiety and side effects associated with chemotherapy. Cancer Nurs 1996;19:283-9.
102. Horne-Thompson A, Grocke D. The effect of music therapy on anxiety in patients who are terminally ill. J Palliat Med 2008;11:582-90.
103. Clark M, Isaacks-Downton G, Wells N, et al. Use of preferred music to reduce emotional distress and symptom activity during radiation therapy. J Music Ther 2006;43:247-65.
104. Ferrer AJ. The effect of live music on decreasing anxiety in patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment. J Music Ther 2007;44:242-55.
105. Hanser SB, Bauer-Wu SM, Kubicek L, et al. Effects of a music therapy intervention on quality of life and distress in women with metastatic breast cancer. J Soc Integr Oncol 2006;5:14-23.
106. Beck SL. The therapeutic use of music for cancerrelated pain. Oncol Nurs Forum 1991;18:1327-37.
107. Hilliard RE. The effects of music therapy on the quality and length of life of people diagnosed with terminal cancer. J Music Ther 2003;40:113-37.
108. Burns SJ, Harbuz MS, Hucklebridge F, Bunt L. A pilot study into the therapeutic effects of music therapy at a cancer help center. Altern Ther Health Med 2001;7:48-56.
109. Richardson MM, Babiak-Vazquez AE, Frenkel MA. Music therapy in a comprehensive cancer center. J Soc Integr Oncol 2008;6:76-81.
110. Reblin M, Uchino BN. Social and emotional support and its implication for health. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2008;21:201-5.
111. House JS, Landis KR, Umberson D. Social relationships and health. Science 1988;241:540-5.
112. Berkman LF, Syme SL. Social networks, host resistance, and mortality: a nine-year follow-up study of Alameda County residents. Am J Epidemiol 1979;109:186-204.
113. Kroenke CH, Kubzansky LD, Schernhammer ES, et al. Social networks, social support, and survival after breast cancer diagnosis. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:1105-11.
114. Maunsell E, Brisson J, Deschenes L. Social support and survival among women with breast cancer. Cancer 1995;76:631-7.
115. Spiegel D, Bloom JR, Yalom I. Group support for patients with metastatic cancer. A randomized outcome study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981;38:527-33.
116. Spiegel D, Bloom JR, Kraemer HC, Gottheil E. Effect of psychosocial treatment on survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Lancet 1989;2(8668):888-91.
117. Fawzy FI, Fawzy NW, Hyun CS, et al. Malignant melanoma. Effects of an early structured psychiatric intervention, coping, and affective state on recurrence and survival 6 years later. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:681-9.
118. Fawzy FI, Cousins N, Fawzy NW, et al. A structured psychiatric intervention for cancer patients. I. Changes over time in methods of coping and affective disturbance. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47:720-5.
119. Fawzy FI, Kemeny ME, Fawzy NW, et al. A structured psychiatric intervention for cancer patients. II. Changes over time in immunological measures. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47:729-35.
120. Cunningham AJ, Watson K. How psychological therapy may prolong survival in cancer patients: new evidence and a simple theory. Integr Cancer Ther 2004;3:214-29.
121. Goodwin PJ, Leszcz M, Ennis M, et al. The effect of group psychosocial support on survival in metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1719-26.
122. Richardson JL, Shelton DR, Krailo M, Levine AM. The effect of compliance with treatment on survival among patients with hematologic malignancies. J Clin Oncol 1990;8:356-64.
123. Spiegel D, Butler LD, Giese-Davis J, et al. Effects of supportive-expressive group therapy on survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer: a randomized prospective trial. Cancer 2007;110:1130-8.
124. Cunningham AJ, Phillips C, Lockwood GA, et al. Association of involvement in psychological self-regulation with longer survival in patients with metastatic cancer: an exploratory study. Adv Mind Body Med 2000;16:276-87.
125. Cunningham AJ, Edmonds CV, Phillips C, et al. A prospective, longitudinal study of the relationship of psychological work to duration of survival in patients with metastatic cancer. Psychooncology 2000;9:323-39.
126. Helgeson VS, Cohen S, Schulz R, Yasko J. Group support interventions for women with breast cancer: who benefits from what? Health Psychol 2000;19:107-14.
127. Helgeson VS, Cohen S, Schulz R, Yasko J. Education and peer discussion group interventions and adjustment to breast cancer. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:340-7.
128. Savard J, Simard S, Ivers H, Morin CM. Randomized study on the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia secondary to breast cancer, part I: sleep and psychological effects. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:6083-96.
129. Antoni MH, Lehman JM, Kilbourn KM, et al. Cognitive-behavioral stress management intervention decreases the prevalence of depression and enhances benefit finding among women under treatment for early-stage breast cancer. Health Psychol 2001;20:20-32.
130. Cruess DG, Antoni MH, McGregor BA, et al. Cognitive-behavioral stress management reduces serum cortisol by enhancing benefit finding among women being treated for early stage breast cancer. Psychosom Med 2000;62:304-8.
131. Antoni MH, Lechner SC, Kazi A, et al. How stress management improves quality of life after treatment for breast cancer. J Consult Clin Psychol 2006;74:1143-52.
132. Savard J, Simard S, Ivers H, Morin CM. Randomized study on the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia secondary to breast cancer, part II: immunologic effects. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:6097-106.
133. Antoni MH, Wimberly SR, Lechner SC, et al. Reduction of cancer-specific thought intrusions and anxiety symptoms with a stress management intervention among women undergoing treatment for breast cancer. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:1791-7.
134. Penedo FJ, Molton I, Dahn JR, et al. A randomized clinical trial of group-based cognitive-behavioral stress management in localized prostate cancer: development of stress management skills improves quality of life and benefit finding. Ann Behav Med 2006;31:261-70.
135. Andersen BL, Yang HC, Farrar WB, et al. Psychologic intervention improves survival for breast cancer patients: a randomized clinical trial. Cancer 2008; 113:3450-8.
136. Ahles TA, Tope DM, Pinkson B, et al. Massage therapy for patients undergoing autologous bone marrow t ransplantation. J Pain Symptom Manage 1999; 18:157-63.
137. Stephenson NL, Weinrich SP, Tavakoli AS. The effects of foot refl exology on anxiety and pain in patients with breast and lung cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2000;27:67-72.
138. Grealish L, Lomasney A, Whiteman B. Foot massage. A nursing intervention to modify the distressing symptoms of pain and nausea in patients hospitalized with cancer. Cancer Nurs 2000;23:237-43.
139. Wilkinson S, Aldridge J, Salmon I, et al. An evaluation of aromatherapy massage in palliative care. Palliat Med 1999;13:409-17.
140. Cassileth BR, Vickers AJ. Massage therapy for symptom control: outcome study at a major cancer center. J Pain Symptom Manage 2004;28:244-9.
141. Mehling WE, Jacobs B, Acree M, et al. Symptom management with massage and acupuncture in postoperative cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Pain Symptom Manage 2007;33:258-66.
142. Billhult A, Bergbom I, Stener-Victorin E. Massage relieves nausea in women with breast cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy. J Altern Complement Med 2007;13:53-7.
143. Post-White J, Kinney ME, Savik K, et al. Therapeutic massage and healing touch improve symptoms in cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2003;2:332-44.
144. Ballard CG, O'Brien JT, Reichelt K, Perry EK. Aromatherapy as a safe and effective treatment for the management of agitation in severe dementia: the results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with Melissa. J Clin Psychiatry 2002;63:553-8.
145. Graham PH, Browne L, Cox H, Graham J. Inhalation aromatherapy during radiotherapy: results of a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:2372-6.
146. Soden K, Vincent K, Craske S, et al. A randomized controlled trial of aromatherapy massage in a hospice setting. Palliat Med 2004;18:87-92.
147. Gedney JJ, Glover TL, Fillingim RB. Sensory and affective pain discrimination after inhalation of essential oils. Psychosom Med 2004;66:599-606.
148. Wilkinson SM, Love SB, Westcombe AM, et al. Effectiveness of aromatherapy massage in the management of anxiety and depression in patients with cancer: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:532-9.
149. Cherkin DC, Sherman KJ, Deyo RA, Shekelle PG. A review of the evidence for the effectiveness, safety, and cost of acupuncture, massage therapy, and spinal manipulation for back pain. Ann Intern Med 2003;138:898-906.
150. Billhult A, Lindholm C, Gunnarsson R, Stener-Victorin E. The effect of massage on cellular immunity, endocrine and psychological factors in women with breast cancer - a randomized controlled clinical trial. Auton Neurosci 2008;140:88-95.
151. Kutner JS, Smith MC, Corbin L, et al. Massage therapy versus simple touch to improve pain and mood in patients with advanced cancer: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2008;149:369-79.
152. Ernst E. The safety of massage therapy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003;42:1101-6.
153. Cambron JA, Dexheimer J, Coe P, Swenson R. Side-effects of massage therapy: a cross-sectional study of 100 clients. J Altern Complement Med 2007; 13:793-6.
154. Jabr FI. Massive pulmonary emboli after legs massage. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2007;86:691.
155. Gecsedi RA. Massage therapy for patients with cancer. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2002;6:52-4.
156. McNeely ML, Campbell KL, Rowe BH, et al. Effects of exercise on breast cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ 2006;175:34-41.
157. Courneya KS, Segal RJ, Mackey JR, et al. Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:4396-404.
158. Mutrie N, Campbell AM, Whyte F, et al. Benefits of supervised group exercise programme for women being treated for early stage breast cancer: pragmatic randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2007;334:517.
159. Segal RJ, Reid RD, Courneya KS, et al. Randomized controlled trial of resistance or aerobic exercise in men receiving radiation therapy for prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:344-51.
160. Thorsen L, Courneya KS, Stevinson C, Fossa SD. A systematic review of physical activity in prostate cancer survivors: outcomes, prevalence, and determinants. Support Care Cancer 2008;16:987-97.
161. Holmes MD, Chen WY, Feskanich D, et al. Physical activity and survival after breast cancer diagnosis. JAMA 2005;293:2479-86.
162. Holick CN, Newcomb PA, Trentham-Dietz A, et al. Physical activity and survival after diagnosis of invasive breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17:379-86.
163. Meyerhardt JA, Giovannucci EL, Holmes MD, et al. Physical activity and survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:3527-34.
164. Meyerhardt JA, Heseltine D, Niedzwiecki D, et al. Impact of physical activity on cancer recurrence and survival in patients with stage III colon cancer: findings from CALGB 89803. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24:3535-41.
165. Doyle C, Kushi LH, Byers T, et al. Nutrition and physical activity during and after cancer treatment: an American Cancer Society guide for informed choices. CA Cancer J Clin 2006;56:323-53.
166. Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, et al. Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007;39:1423-34.
167. Cook CA, Guerrerio JF, Slater VE. Healing touch and quality of life in women receiving radiation treatment for cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Altern Ther Health Med 2004;10:34-41.
168. Roscoe JA, Matteson SE, Mustian KM, et al. Treatment of radiotherapy-induced fatigue through a non pharmacological approach. Integr Cancer Ther 2005;4:8-13.
169. Olson K, Hanson J, Michaud M. A phase II trial of Reiki for the management of pain in advanced cancer patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 2003;26:990-7.
170. Wilkinson DS, Knox PL, Chatman JE, et al. The clinical effectiveness of healing touch. J Altern Complement Med 2002;8:33-47.
171. So PS, Jiang Y, Qin Y. Touch therapies for pain relief in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;(4):CD006535.
172. Engebretson J, Wardell DW. Energy-based modalities. Nurs Clin North Am 2007;42:243-59, vi.
173. Meltz ML. Radiofrequency exposure and mammalian cell toxicity, genotoxicity, and transformation. Bioelectromagnetics 2003;Suppl 6:S196-213.
174. Elwood JM. Epidemiological studies of radio frequency exposures and human cancer. Bioelectromagnetics 2003;Suppl 6:S63-73.
175. Kheifets LI. Electric and magnetic field exposure and brain cancer: a review. Bioelectromagnetics 2001;Suppl 5:S120-31.
176. Finegold L, Flamm BL. Magnet therapy. BMJ 2006;332:4.
177. Carpenter JS, Wells N, Lambert B, et al. A pilot study of magnetic therapy for hot flashes after breast cancer. Cancer Nurs 2002;25:104-9.
178. Han JS. Acupuncture: neuropeptide release produced by electrical stimulation of different frequencies. Trends Neurosci 2003;26:17-22.
179. Wu MT, Hsieh JC, Xiong J, et al. Central nervous pathway for acupuncture stimulation: localization of processing with functional MR imaging of the brain - preliminary experience. Radiology 1999;212:133-41.
180. Rosen T, de Veciana M, Miller HS, et al. A randomized controlled trial of nerve stimulation for relief of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2003;102:129-35.
181. Streitberger K, Diefenbacher M, Bauer A, et al. Acupuncture compared to placebo-acupuncture for postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis: a randomised placebo-controlled patient and observer blind trial. Anaesthesia 2004;59:142-9.
182. Bertolucci LE, DiDario B. Efficacy of a portable acustimulation device in controlling seasickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 1995;66:1155-8.
183. Ming JL, Kuo BI, Lin JG, Lin LC. The efficacy of acupressure to prevent nausea and vomiting in postoperative patients. J Adv Nurs 2002;39:343-51.
184. Berman BM, Lao L, Langenberg P, et al. Effectiveness of acupuncture as adjunctive therapy in osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2004;141:901-10.
185. NIH Consensus Conference. Acupuncture. JAMA 1998;280:1518-24.
186. Schnyer R, Lao L, Hammerschlag R, et al. Society for Acupuncture Research: 2007 conference report: "The status and future of acupuncture research: 10 years post-NIH Consensus Conference." J Altern Complement Med 2008;14:859-60.
187. Melchart D, Linde K, Fischer P, et al. Acupuncture for recurrent headaches: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Cephalalgia 1999;19:779-86; discussion 765.
188. Alimi D, Rubino C, Pichard-Leandri E, et al. Analgesic effect of auricular acupuncture for cancer pain: a randomized, blinded, controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:4120-6.
189. Crew KD, Capodice JL, Greenlee H, et al. Pilot study of acupuncture for the treatment of joint symptoms related to adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. J Cancer Surviv 2007;1:283-91.
190. Ezzo JM, Richardson MA, Vickers A, et al. Acupuncture-point stimulation for chemotherapy-induced nausea or vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;(2): CD002285.
191. Lee A, Done ML. Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point P6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; (3):CD003281.
192. Shen J, Wenger N, Glaspy J, et al. Electroacupuncture for control of myeloablative chemotherapy induced emesis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2000;284:2755-61.
193. Josefson A, Kreuter M. Acupuncture to reduce nausea during chemotherapy treatment of rheumatic diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003;42:1149-54.
194. Streitberger K, Friedrich-Rust M, Bardenheuer H, et al. Effect of acupuncture compared with placebo-acupuncture at P6 as additional antiemetic prophylaxis in high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: a randomized controlled single-blind trial. Clin Cancer Res 2003;9:2538-44.
195. Ernst E. Acupuncture: what does the most reliable evidence tell us? J Pain Symptom Manage 2009;37:709-14.
196. Naeim A, Dy SM, Lorenz KA, et al. Evidence-based recommendations for cancer nausea and vomiting. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:3903-10.
197. Gottschling S, Reindl TK, Meyer S, et al. Acupuncture to alleviate chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric oncology - a randomized multicenter crossover pilot trial. Klin Padiatr 2008;220:365-70.
198. Gardani G, Cerrone R, Biella C, et al. A progress study of 100 cancer patients treated by acupressure for chemotherapy-induced vomiting after failure with the pharmacological approach. Minerva Med 2007;98:665-8.
199. Gan TJ, Jiao KR, Zenn M, Georgiade G. A randomized controlled comparison of electro-acupoint stimulation or ondansetron versus placebo for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg 2004;99:1070-5.
200. Roscoe JA, Morrow GR, Hickok JT, et al. The efficacy of acupressure and acustimulation wrist bands for the relief of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. A University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program multicenter study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2003;26:731-42.
201. Johnstone PA, Niemtzow RC, Riffenburgh RH. Acupuncture for xerostomia: clinical update. Cancer 2002;94:1151-6.
202. Johnstone PA, Peng YP, May BC, et al. Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001;50:353-7.
203. Johnstone PA, Polston GR, Niemtzow RC, Martin PJ. Integration of acupuncture into the oncology clinic. Palliat Med 2002;16:235-9.
204. Dawidson I, Angmar-Mansson B, Blom M, et al. Sensory stimulation (acupuncture) increases the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the saliva of xerostomia sufferers. Neuropeptides 1999;33:244-50.
205. Rydholm M, Strang P. Acupuncture for patients in hospital-based home care suffering from xerostomia. J Palliat Care 1999;15:20-3.
206. Dawidson I, Angmar-Mansson B, Blom M, et al. Sensory stimulation (acupuncture) increases the release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the saliva of xerostomia sufferers. Neuropeptides 1998;32:543-8.
207. Andersen SW, Machin D. Acupuncture treatment of patients with radiation-induced xerostomia. Oral Oncol 1997;33:146-7.
208. Blom M, Dawidson I, Fernberg JO, et al. Acupuncture treatment of patients with radiation-induced xerostomia. Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol 1996;32B:182-90.
209. Blom M, Lundeberg T. Long-term follow-up of patients treated with acupuncture for xerostomia and the influence of additional treatment. Oral Dis 2000;6:15-24.
210. Deng G, Hou BL, Holodny AI, Cassileth BR. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) changes and saliva production associated with acupuncture at LI-2 acupuncture point: a randomized controlled study. BMC Complement Altern Med 2008;8:37.
211. Carpenter JS, Andrykowski MA, Cordova M, et al. Hot flashes in postmenopausal women treated for breast carcinoma: prevalence, severity, correlates, management, and relation to quality of life. Cancer 1998;82:1682-91.
212. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:321-33.
213. Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR, et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;291:1701-12.
214. Loprinzi CL, Michalak JC, Quella SK, et al. Megestrol acetate for the prevention of hot flashes. N Engl J Med 1994;331:347-52.
215. Goldberg RM, Loprinzi CL, O'Fallon JR, et al. Transdermal clonidine for ameliorating tamoxifen-induced hot flashes. J Clin Oncol 1994;12:155-8.
216. Pandya KJ, Raubertas RF, Flynn PJ, et al. Oral clonidine in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer experiencing tamoxifen-induced hot flashes: a University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program study. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:788-93.
217. Loprinzi CL, Pisansky TM, Fonseca R, et al. Pilot evaluation of venlafaxine hydrochloride for the therapy of hot flashes in cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:2377-81.
218. Yanklowitz BA. Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath: a literature review and case report. J Am Podiatry Assoc 1978;68:706-11.
219. Lee EH, Remmler O, Fernando MA, et al. Robenidine-resistant Eimeria spp other than Eimeria maxima . Vet Rec 1976;99:46-7.
220. Bichet DG, Arthus MF, Lonergan M. Is testing with dDAVP useful in detecting carriers of the nephrogenic diabetes insipidus gene? Nephron 1991;58:372-3.
221. Nelson HD, Vesco KK, Haney E, et al. Nonhormonal therapies for menopausal hot flashes: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2006;295:2057-71.
222. Albertazzi P, Steel SA, Bottazzi M. Effect of pure genistein on bone markers and hot fl ushes. Climacteric 2005;8:371-9.
223. Lewis JE, Nickell LA, Thompson LU, et al. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of dietary soy and flaxseed muffins on quality of life and hot flashes during menopause. Menopause 2006;13:631-42.
224. Verhoeven MO, van der Mooren MJ, van de Weijer PH, et al. Effect of a combination of isofl avones and Actaea racemosa Linnaeus on climacteric symptoms in healthy symptomatic perimenopausal women: a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Menopause 2005;12:412-20.
225. MacGregor CA, Canney PA, Patterson G, et al. A randomised double-blind controlled trial of oral soy supplements versus placebo for treatment of menopausal symptoms in patients with early breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2005;41:708-14.
226. Secreto G, Chiechi LM, Amadori A, et al. Soy isoflavones and melatonin for the relief of climacteric symptoms: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized study. Maturitas 2004;47:11-20.
227. Burke GL, Legault C, Anthony M, et al. Soy protein and isofl avone effects on vasomotor symptoms in peri- and postmenopausal women: the Soy Estrogen Alternative Study. Menopause 2003;10:147-53.
228. Quella SK, Loprinzi CL, Barton DL, et al. Evaluation of soy phytoestrogens for the treatment of hot flashes in breast cancer survivors: A North Central Cancer Treatment Group Trial. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:1068-74.
229. Van Patten CL, Olivotto IA, Chambers GK, et al. Effect of soy phytoestrogens on hot flashes in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:1449-55.
230. Tice JA, Ettinger B, Ensrud K, et al. Phytoestrogen supplements for the treatment of hot flashes: the Isoflavone Clover Extract (ICE) Study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290:207-14.
231. Pockaj BA, Gallagher JG, Loprinzi CL, et al. Phase III double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial of black cohosh in the management of hot flashes: NCCTG Trial N01CC1. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:2836-41.
232. Jacobson JS, Troxel AB, Evans J, et al. Randomized trial of black cohosh for the treatment of hot flashes among women with a history of breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:2739-45.
233. Newton KM, Reed SD, LaCroix AZ, et al. Treatment of vasomotor symptoms of menopause with black cohosh, multibotanicals, soy, hormone therapy, or placebo: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2006;145:869-79.
234. Barton DL, Loprinzi CL, Quella SK, et al. Prospective evaluation of vitamin E for hot flashes in breast cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:495-500.
235. Kronenberg F, Fugh-Berman A. Complementary and alternative medicine for menopausal symptoms: a review of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:805-13.
236. Harding C, Harris A, Chadwick D. Auricular acupuncture: a novel treatment for vasomotor symptoms associated with luteinizing-hormone releasing hormone agonist treatment for prostate cancer. BJU Int 2009;103:186-90.
237. Dong H, Ludicke F, Comte I, et al. An exploratory pilot study of acupuncture on the quality of life and reproductive hormone secretion in menopausal women. J Altern Complement Med 2001;7:651-8.
238. Porzio G, Trapasso T, Martelli S, et al. Acupuncture in the treatment of menopause-related symptoms in women taking tamoxifen. Tumori 2002;88:128-30.
239. Carpenter JS, Neal JG. Other complementary and alternative medicine modalities: acupuncture, magnets, refl exology, and homeopathy. Am J Med 2005;118 Suppl 12B:109-17.
240. Lee MS, Shin BC, Ernst E. Acupuncture for treating menopausal hot fl ushes: a systematic review. Climacteric 2009;12:16-25.
241. Deng G, Vickers A, Yeung S, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of acupuncture for the treatment of hot flashes in breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:5584-90.
242. . Vincent A, Barton DL, Mandrekar JN, et al. Acupuncture for hot flashes: a randomized, sham-controlled clinical study. Menopause 2007;14:45-52.
243. Avis NE, Legault C, Coeytaux RR, et al. A randomized, controlled pilot study of acupuncture treatment for menopausal hot flashes. Menopause 2008;15:1070-8.
244. Nir Y, Huang MI, Schnyer R, et al. Acupuncture for postmenopausal hot flashes. Maturitas 2007;56:383-95.
245. Walker EM, Rodriguez AI, Kohn B, et al. Acupuncture for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms in breast cancer patients receiving hormone suppression treatment [abstract]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008;72:S103.
246. White AR, Rampes H, Campbell JL. Acupuncture and related interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;(1):CD000009.
247. Bier ID, Wilson J, Studt P, Shakleton M. Auricular acupuncture, education, and smoking cessation: a randomized, sham-controlled trial. Am J Public Health 2002;92:1642-7.
248. Domino EF, Ni L, Xu Y, et al. Regional cerebral blood fl ow and plasma nicotine after smoking tobacco cigarettes. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004;28:319-27.
249. Filshie J, Penn K, Ashley S, Davis CL. Acupuncture for the relief of cancer-related breathlessness. Palliat Med 1996;10:145-50.
250. Vickers AJ, Feinstein MB, Deng GE, Cassileth BR. Acupuncture for dyspnea in advanced cancer: a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial [ISRCTN89462491]. BMC Palliat Care 2005;4:5.
251. Suzuki M, Namura K, Ohno Y, et al. The effect of acupuncture in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Altern Complement Med 2008;14:1097-105.
252. Lau KS, Jones AY. A single session of Acu-TENS increases FEV1 and reduces dyspnoea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Aust J Physiother 2008;54:179-84.
253. Mock V, Atkinson A, Barsevick A, et al. NCCN practice guidelines for cancer-related fatigue. Oncology (Huntingt) 2000;14(11A):151-61.
254. Vickers AJ, Straus DJ, Fearon B, Cassileth BR. Acupuncture for postchemotherapy fatigue: a phase II study. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:1731-5.
255. Escalante CP, Grover T, Johnson BA, et al. A fatigue clinic in a comprehensive cancer center: design and experiences. Cancer 2001;92(6 Suppl):1708-13.
256. Shlay JC, Chaloner K, Max MB, et al. Acupuncture and amitriptyline for pain due to HIV-related peripheral neuropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS. JAMA 1998;280:1590-5.
257. Abuaisha BB, Costanzi JB, Boulton AJ. Acupuncture for the treatment of chronic painful peripheral diabetic neuropathy: a long-term study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1998;39:115-21.
258. Wong R, Sagar S. Acupuncture treatment for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy - a case series. Acupunct Med 2006;24:87-91.
259. Melchart D, Weidenhammer W, Streng A, et al. Prospective investigation of adverse effects of acupuncture in 97 733 patients. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:104-5.
260. World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Washington (DC): American Institute for Cancer Research; 2007.
261. Wiseman M. The second World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research expert report. Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Proc Nutr Soc 2008;67:253-6.
262. Clark LC, Combs GF Jr, Turnbull BW, et al. Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin. A randomized controlled trial. Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Study Group. JAMA 1996;276:1957-63.
263. Peto R, Doll R, Buckley JD, Sporn MB. Can dietary beta-carotene materially reduce human cancer rates? Nature 1981;290:201-8.
264. Sporn MB. Combination chemoprevention of cancer. Nature 1980;287:107-8.
265. Martinez ME, Marshall JR, Giovannucci E. Diet and cancer prevention: the roles of observation and experimentation. Nat Rev Cancer 2008;8:694-703.
266. Albanes D. Vitamin supplements and cancer prevention: where do randomized controlled trials stand? J Natl Cancer Inst 2009;101:2-4.
267. McMichael AJ. Food, nutrition, physical activity and cancer prevention. Authoritative report from World Cancer Research Fund provides global update. Public Health Nutr 2008;11:762-3.
268. Baron JA, Beach M, Mandel JS, et al. Calcium supplements for the prevention of colorectal adenomas. Calcium Polyp Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med 1999;340:101-7.
269. Blot WJ, Li JY, Taylor PR, et al. Nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China: supplementation with specific vitamin/mineral combinations, cancer incidence, and disease-specific mortality in the general population. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1483-92.
270. Lin J, Cook NR, Albert C, et al. Vitamins C and E and beta carotene supplementation and cancer risk: a randomized controlled trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009;101:14-23.
271. Wactawski-Wende J, Kotchen JM, Anderson GL, et al. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2006;354:684-6.
272. Lee IM, Cook NR, Gaziano JM, et al. Vitamin E in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: the Women's Health Study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005;294:56-65.
273. Hercberg S, Galan P, Preziosi P, et al. The SU.VI.MAX Study: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the health effects of antioxidant vitamins and minerals. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:2335-42.
274. Schatzkin A, Lanza E, Corle D, et al. Lack of effect of a low-fat, high-fiber diet on the recurrence of colorectal adenomas. Polyp Prevention Trial Study Group. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1149-55.
275. Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Manson JE, et al. Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1145-9.
276. Prentice RL, Thomson CA, Caan B, et al. Low fat dietary pattern and cancer incidence in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Randomized Controlled Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:1534-43.
277. Lippman SM, Klein EA, Goodman PJ, et al. Effect of selenium and vitamin E on risk of prostate cancer and other cancers: the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). JAMA 2009;301:39-51.
278. Omenn GS, Goodman GE, Thornquist MD, et al. Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1150-5.
279. Cole BF, Baron JA, Sandler RS, et al. Folic acid for the prevention of colorectal adenomas: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2007;297:2351-9.
280. Omenn GS, Goodman GE, Thornquist MD, et al. Risk factors for lung cancer and for intervention effects in CARET, the Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996;88:1550-9.
281. Block K, Koch A, Mead M, et al. Re: Should supplemental antioxidant administration be avoided during chemotherapy and radiation therapy? J Natl Cancer Inst 2009;101:124-5; author reply 125-6.
282. Brambilla D, Mancuso C, Scuderi MR, et al. The role of antioxidant supplement in immune system, neoplastic, and neurodegenerative disorders: a point of view for an assessment of the risk/benefit profile. Nutr J 2008;7:29.
283. Lawenda BD, Kelly KM, Ladas EJ, et al. Should supplemental antioxidant administration be avoided during chemotherapy and radiation therapy? J Natl Cancer Inst 2008;100:773-83.
284. Block KI, Koch AC, Mead MN, et al. Impact of antioxidant supplementation on chemotherapeutic toxicity: a systematic review of the evidence from randomized controlled trials. Int J Cancer 2008;123:1227-39.
285. Ladas EJ, Jacobson JS, Kennedy DD, et al. Antioxidants and cancer therapy: a systematic review. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:517-28.
286. Greenlee H, Hershman DL, Jacobson JS. Use of antioxidant supplements during breast cancer treatment: a comprehensive review. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009;115(3):437-52.
287. Dennert G, Horneber M. Selenium for alleviating the side effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery in cancer patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;(3):CD005037.
288. Zimmerer T, Bocker U, Wenz F, Singer MV. Medical prevention and treatment of acute and chronic radiation induced enteritis - is there any proven therapy? A short review. Z Gastroenterol 2008;46:441-8.
289. Bowen JM, Stringer AM, Gibson RJ, et al. VSL#3 probiotic treatment reduces chemotherapy-induced diarrhea and weight loss. Cancer Biol Ther 2007;6:1449-54.
290. Osterlund P, Ruotsalainen T, Peuhkuri K, et al. Lactose intolerance associated with adjuvant 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;2:696-703.
291. St Jean AT, Zhang M, Forbes NS. Bacterial therapies: completing the cancer treatment toolbox. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2008;19:511-7.
292. Kamen B. Folate and antifolate pharmacology. Semin Oncol 1997;24(5 Suppl 18):S18-30-9.
293. Branda RF, Nigels E, Lafayette AR, Hacker M. Nutritional folate status infl uences the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy in rats. Blood 1998;92:2471-6.
294. Shiroky JB. The use of folates concomitantly with low-dose pulse methotrexate. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1997;23:969-80.
295. Tisdale MJ. Catabolic mediators of cancer cachexia. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2008;2(4):256-61.
296. Colomer R, Moreno-Nogueira JM, Garcia-Luna PP, et al. N-3 fatty acids, cancer and cachexia: a systematic review of the literature. Br J Nutr 2007;97:823-31.
297. Dewey A, Baughan C, Dean T, et al. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, an omega-3 fatty acid from fish oils) for the treatment of cancer cachexia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(1):CD004597.
298. de Luis DA, Izaola O, Aller R, et al. A randomized clinical trial with two omega 3 fatty acid enhanced oral supplements in head and neck cancer ambulatory patients. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2008;12:177-81.
299. Fearon KC, Von Meyenfeldt MF, Moses AG, et al. Effect of a protein and energy dense N-3 fatty acid enriched oral supplement on loss of weight and lean tissue in cancer cachexia: a randomised double blind trial. Gut 2003;52:1479-86.
300. Ko RJ. A U.S. perspective on the adverse reactions from traditional Chinese medicines. J Chin Med Assoc 2004;67:109-16.
301. Kumar NB, Hopkins K, Allen K, et al. Use of complementary/ integrative nutritional therapies during cancer treatment: implications in clinical practice. Cancer Control 2002;9:236-43.
302. Labriola D, Livingston R. Possible interactions between dietary antioxidants and chemotherapy. Oncology (Williston Park) 1999;13:1003-8; discussion 1008, 1011-2.
303. Seifried HE, McDonald SS, Anderson DE, et al. The antioxidant conundrum in cancer. Cancer Res 2003;63:4295-8.
304. Kumar NB, Allen K, Bell H. Perioperative herbal supplement use in cancer patients: potential implications and recommendations for presurgical screening. Cancer Control 2005;12:149-57.
305. Cassileth B, Lucarelli C. Herb-drug interactions in oncology. Hamilton (ON): BC Decker; 2003.
306. Cohen I, Tagliaferri M, Tripathy D. Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of breast cancer. Semin Oncol 2002;29:563-74.
307. Vickers A. Botanical medicines for the treatment of cancer: rationale, overview of current data, and methodological considerations for phase I and II trials. Cancer Invest 2002;20:1069-79.
308. Kodama N, Harada N, Nanba H. A polysaccharide, extract from Grifola frondosa, induces Th-1 dominant responses in carcinoma-bearing BALB/c mice. Jpn J Pharmacol 2002;90:357-60.
309. Ooi VE, Liu F. Immunomodulation and anti-cancer activity of polysaccharide-protein complexes. Curr Med Chem 2000;7:715-29.
310. Wasser SP, Weis AL. Therapeutic effects of substances occurring in higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms: a modern perspective. Crit Rev Immunol 1999;19:65-96.
311. Taylor JA, Weber W, Standish L, et al. Efficacy and safety of echinacea in treating upper respiratory tract infections in children: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290:2824-30.
312. Yale SH, Liu K. Echinacea purpurea therapy for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1237-41.
313. Barrett BP, Brown RL, Locken K, et al. Treatment of the common cold with unrefined echinacea. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:939-46.
314. Turner RB, Bauer R, Woelkart K, et al. An evaluation of Echinacea angustifolia in experimental rhinovirus infections. N Engl J Med 2005;353:341-8.
315. Blumenthal M, Farnsworth NR. Echinacea angustifolia in rhinovirus infections. N Engl J Med 2005;353:1971-72; author reply 1971-72.
316. Geier FP, Konstantinowicz T. Kava treatment in patients with anxiety. Phytother Res 2004;18:297-300.
317. Lehrl S. Clinical efficacy of kava extract WS 1490 in sleep disturbances associated with anxiety disorders. Results of a multicenter, randomized, placebocontrolled, double-blind clinical trial. J Affect Disord 2004;78:101-10.
318. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatic toxicity possibly associated with kava-containing products - United States, Germany, and Switzerland, 1999-2002. JAMA 2003;289:36-7.
319. Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. In vivo assessment of botanical supplementation on human cytochrome P450 phenotypes: Citrus aurantium , Echinacea purpurea, milk thistle, and saw palmetto. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;76:428-40.
320. Linde K, Mulrow CD. St John's wort for depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2):CD000448.
321. Schrader E. Equivalence of St John's wort extract (Ze 117) and fl uoxetine: a randomized, controlled study in mild-moderate depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2000;15:61-8.
322. Mathijssen RH, Verweij J, de Bruijn P, et al. Effects of St. John's wort on irinotecan metabolism. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:1247-9.
323. Markowitz JS, Donovan JL, DeVane CL, et al. Effect of St John's wort on drug metabolism by induction of cyto chrome P450 3A4 enzyme. JAMA 2003;290:1500-4.
324. Kane GC, Lipsky JJ. Drug-grapefruit juice interactions. Mayo Clin Proc 2000;75:933-42.
325. Bailey DG, Dresser GK. Interactions between grapefruit juice and cardiovascular drugs. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2004;4:281-97.
326. Velicer CM, Ulrich CM. Vitamin and mineral supplement use among US adults after cancer diagnosis: a systematic review. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:665-73.
327. Fletcher RH, Fairfield KM. Vitamins for chronic disease prevention in adults: clinical applications. JAMA 2002;287:3127-9.
328. Willett WC, Stampfer MJ. Clinical practice. What vitamins should I be taking, doctor? N Engl J Med 2001;345:1819-24.
329. Kennedy DD, Tucker KL, Ladas ED, et al. Low antioxidant vitamin intakes are associated with increases in adverse effects of chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:1029-36.
330. Miller P, Demark-Wahnefried W, Snyder DC, et al. Dietary supplement use among elderly, long-term cancer survivors. J Cancer Surviv 2008;2:138-48.