Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colorectal cancer

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 354, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 684-696

  Wactawski Wende, Jean ^a   Morley Kotchen, Jane ^b   Anderson, Garnet L ^c   Assaf, Annlouise R ^d,e   Brunner, Robert L ^f   O'Sullivan, Mary Jo ^g   Margolis, Karen L ^h   Ockene, Judith K ⁱ   Phillips, Lawrence ^j   Pottern, Linda ^k   Prentice, Ross L ^c   Robbins, John ^l   Rohan, Thomas E ^m   Sarto, Gloria E ⁿ   Sharma, Santosh ^o   Stefanick, Marcia L ^p   Van Horn, Linda ^q   Wallace, Robert B ^r   Whitlock, Evelyn ^s   Bassford, Tamsen ^t   Beresford, Shirley A A ^u   Black, Henry R ^v   Bonds, Denise E ^w   Brzyski, Robert G ^x   Caan, Bette ^y   Chlebowski, Rowan T ^z   Cochrane, Barbara ^u   Garland, Cedric ^aa   Gass, Margery ^ab   Hays, Jennifer ^ac   Heiss, Gerardo ^ad   Hendrix, Susan L ^ae   Howard, Barbara V ^af   Hsia, Judith ^ag   Hubbell, F Allan ^ah   Jackson, Rebecca D ^ai   Johnson, Karen C ^aj   Judd, Howard ^ak   Kooperberg, Charles L ^c   Kuller, Lewis H ^al   LaCroix, Andrea Z ^c   Lane, Dorothy S ^am   Langer, Robert D ^aa   Lasser, Norman L ^an   Lewis, Cora E ^ao   Limacher, Marian C ^ap   Manson, JoAnn E ^aq   more..

^a UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

^b MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

^c Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center   (United States)

^d MEMORIAL HOSPITAL OF RHODE ISLAND   (United States)

^e PFIZER INC   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^j EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^k NATIONAL HEART LUNG AND BLOOD INSTITUTE   (United States)

^l UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^m ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

ⁿ UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^o UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

^p STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^q NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^r UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

^s CENTER FOR HEALTH RESEARCH   (United States)

^t UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^u UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^v RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^w WAKE FOREST SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^x UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

^y DIVISION OF RESEARCH   (United States)

^z UCLA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^aa UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^ab UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI   (United States)

^ac BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^ad UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^ae HUTZEL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^af HOWARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^ag GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^ah UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^ai OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^aj UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

^ak UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^al UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

^am STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^an UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY OF NEW JERSEY   (United States)

^ao UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^ap UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^aq BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

25 HYDROXYVITAMIN D; CALCIUM; CALCIUM CARBONATE; COLECALCIFEROL; PLACEBO; VITAMIN D;

ABDOMINAL DISEASE; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CANCER; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER RISK; CANCER SCREENING; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COLORECTAL CARCINOMA; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOSE RESPONSE; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; HEALTH HAZARD; HUMAN; MULTICENTER STUDY; NORMAL HUMAN; PATHOLOGY; POLYP; POSTMENOPAUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPHYLAXIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK FACTOR; SUPPLEMENTATION; VITAMIN BLOOD LEVEL;

ADENOCARCINOMA; AGED; CALCIUM; CALCIUM CARBONATE; COLONIC POLYPS; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; DRUG COMBINATIONS; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MIDDLE AGED; POSTMENOPAUSE; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; VITAMIN D;

EID: 32644484304     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: 15334406     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa055222     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Jemal A, Murray T, Samuels A, Ghafoor A, Ward E, Thun MJ. Cancer statistics, 2003. CA Cancer J Clin 2003;53:5-26.
2. Janne PA, Mayer RJ. Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1960-8.
3. Flood A, Peters U, Chatterjee N, Lacey JV Jr, Schairer C, Schatzkin A. Calcium from diet and supplements is associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer in a prospective cohort of women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14:126-32.
4. McCullough ML, Robertson AS, Rodriguez C, et al. Calcium, vitamin D, dairy products, and risk of colorectal cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2003;14:1-12.
5. Terry P, Baron JA, Bergkvist L, Holmberg L, Wolk A. Dietary calcium-vitamin D intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study in women. Nutr Cancer 2002;43:39-46.
6. Marcus PM, Newcomb PA. The association of calcium and vitamin D, and colon and rectal cancer in Wisconsin women. Int J Epidemiol 1998;27:788-93.
7. Peters U, Chatterjee N, McGlynn KA, et al. Calcium intake and colorectal adenoma in a US colorectal cancer early detection program. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:1358-65.
8. Kesse E, Boutron-Ruault MC, Norat T, et al. Dietary calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, dairy products and the risk of colorectal adenoma among French women of the E3N-EPIC prospective study. Int J Cancer 2005;117:137-44.
9. Cho E, Smith-Warner SA, Spiegelman D, et al. Dairy foods, calcium, and colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96:1015-22.
10. [Erratum, J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96:1724.]
11. Bergsma-Kadijk JA, van't Veer P, Kampman E, Burema J. Calcium does not protect against colorectal neoplasia. Epidemiology 1996;7:590-7.
12. Baron JA, Beach M, Mandel JS, et al. Calcium supplements for the prevention of colorectal adenomas. N Engl J Med 1999;340:101-7.
13. Bonithon-Kopp C, Kronborg O, Giacosa A, Rath U, Faivre J. Calcium and fibre supplementation in prevention of colorectal adenoma recurrence: a randomised intervention trial. Lancet 2000;356:1300-6.
14. Grau MV, Baron JA, Sandler RS, et al. Vitamin D, calcium supplementation, and colorectal adenomas: results of a randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:1765-71.
15. Jackson RD, LaCroix AZ, Gass M, et al. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures. N Engl J Med 2006;354:669-83.
16. Anderson GL, Manson J, Wallace R, et al. Implementation of the Women's Health Initiative study design. Ann Epidemiol 2003;13:Suppl:S5-S17.
17. Hays J, Hunt JR, Hubbell FA, et al. The Women's Health Initiative recruitment methods and results. Ann Epidemiol 2003;13:Suppl:S18-S77.
18. Ritenbaugh C, Patterson RE, Chlebowski RT, et al. The Women's Health Initiative dietary modification trial: overview and baseline characteristics of participants. Ann Epidemiol 2003;13:Suppl:S87-S97.
19. Stefanick ML, Cochrane BB, Hsia J, Barad DH, Liu JH, Johnson SR. The Women's Health Initiative postmenopausal hormone trials: overview and baseline characteristics of participants. Ann Epidemiol 2003;13:Suppl:S78-S86.
20. Jackson RD, LaCroix AZ, Cauley JA, McGowan J. The Women's Health Initiative calcium-vitamin D trial: overview and baseline characteristics of participants. Ann Epidemiol 2003;13:Suppl:S98-S106.
21. Curb JD, McTiernan A, Heckbert SR, et al. Outcomes ascertainment and adjudication methods in the Women's Health Initiative. Ann Epidemiol 2003;13:Suppl:S122-S128.
22. Ries LAG, Eisner MP, Kosary CL. SEER cancer statistics review, 1975-2000. Bethesda, Md.: National Cancer Institute, 2003. (Accessed January 26, 2006, at http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2000.)
23. Cox DR. Regression models and lifetables. J R Stat Soc [B] 1972;34:187-220.
24. Garland CF, Garland FC. Do sunlight and vitamin D reduce the likelihood of colon cancer? Int J Epidemiol 1980;9:227-31.
25. Prentice RL, Langer R, Stefanick ML, et al. Combined postmenopausal hormone therapy and cardiovascular disease: toward resolving the discrepancy between observational studies and the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial. Am J Epidemiol 2005;162:404-14.
26. Bialostosky K, Wright JD, Kennedy-Stephenson J, McDowell M, Johnson CL. Dietary intake of macronutrients, micronutrients, and other dietary constituents: United States, 1988-94. Vital and health statistics. Series 11. No. 245. Hyattsville, Md.: National Center for Health Statistics, July 2002. (DHHS publication no. (PHS) 2002-1695.)
27. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes: for calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1997.
28. Ervin RB, Wang C-Y, Wright JD, Kennedy-Stephenson J. Dietary intake of selected minerals for the United States population: 1999-2000. Advance data from vital and health statistics. No. 341. Hyattsville, Md.: National Center for Health Statistics, 2004. (DHHS publication no. (PHS) 2004-1250 04-0304.)
29. Wu K, Willett WC, Fuchs CS, Colditz GA, Giovannucci EL. Calcium intake and risk of colon cancer in women and men. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:437-46.
30. Gorham ED, Garland CF, Garland FC, et al. Vitamin D and prevention of colorectal cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2005;97:179-94.
31. Majumdar SR, Fletcher RH, Evans AT. How does colorectal cancer present? Symptoms, duration, and clues to location. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:3039-45.
32. Mor V, Masterson-Allen S, Goldberg R, Guadagnoli E, Wool MS. Pre-diagnostic symptom recognition and help seeking among cancer patients. J Community Health 1990;15:253-66.
33. National Cancer Institute. SEER incidence statistics. (Accessed January 26, 2006, at http://www.seer.cancer.gov/canques/incidence.html.)