메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 59, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 70-105

A racing heart, rattling knees, and ruminative thoughts: Defining, explaining, and treating public speaking anxiety

Author keywords

Arousal; Communication apprehension; Public speaking anxiety; Remediation; Speaking fear

Indexed keywords


EID: 73049114886     PISSN: 03634523     EISSN: 14795795     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03634520903443849     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (154)

References (259)
  • 1
    • 1242320015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-event rumination and negative self-appraisal in social phobia before and after treatment
    • Abbott, M. J., & Rapee, R. M. (2004). Post-event rumination and negative self-appraisal in social phobia before and after treatment. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 136-144.
    • (2004) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.113 , pp. 136-144
    • Abbott, M.J.1    Rapee, R.M.2
  • 2
    • 85007818455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body sensations of higher and lower anxiety sensitive speakers anticipating a public presentation
    • Addison, P., Ayala, J., Hunter, M., Behnke, R. R., & Sawyer, C. R. (2004). Body sensations of higher and lower anxiety sensitive speakers anticipating a public presentation. Communication Research Reports, 21, 284-290.
    • (2004) Communication Research Reports , vol.21 , pp. 284-290
    • Addison, P.1    Ayala, J.2    Hunter, M.3    Behnke, R.R.4    Sawyer, C.R.5
  • 4
    • 0030911675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular and neuroendocrine adjustment to public speaking and mental arithmetic stressors
    • al'Absi, M., Bongard, S., Buchanana, T., Pincomb, G. A., Licinio, J., & Lovallo, W. R. (1997). Cardiovascular and neuroendocrine adjustment to public speaking and mental arithmetic stressors. Psychophysiology, 34, 266-275.
    • (1997) Psychophysiology , vol.34 , pp. 266-275
    • Al'absi, M.1    Bongard, S.2    Buchanana, T.3    Pincomb, G.A.4    Licinio, J.5    Lovallo, W.R.6
  • 5
    • 0038951868 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of self-report, observer, and physiological assessments of public speaking anxiety reduction techniques using meta-analysis
    • Allen, M. T. (1989). A comparison of self-report, observer, and physiological assessments of public speaking anxiety reduction techniques using meta-analysis. Communication Studies, 40, 127-139.
    • (1989) Communication Studies , vol.40 , pp. 127-139
    • Allen, M.T.1
  • 6
    • 0002249344 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of self-report data on the effetiveness of public speaking anxiety treatment techniques
    • Allen, M. T., Hunter, J. E., & Donohue, W. A. (1989). Meta-analysis of self-report data on the effetiveness of public speaking anxiety treatment techniques. Communication Education, 38, 54-76.
    • (1989) Communication Education , vol.38 , pp. 54-76
    • Allen, M.T.1    Hunter, J.E.2    Donohue, W.A.3
  • 7
    • 0004235298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Psychological Association, (text revision ed.). Washington, DC: Author
    • American Psychological Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (text revision ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
    • (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  • 9
    • 0039413365 scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of speaking ability: An explanation for stage fright
    • Ayres, J. (1986). Perceptions of speaking ability: An explanation for stage fright. Communication Education, 35, 275-287.
    • (1986) Communication Education , vol.35 , pp. 275-287
    • Ayres, J.1
  • 10
    • 0000173883 scopus 로고
    • Coping with speech anxiety: The power of positive thinking
    • Ayres, J. (1988). Coping with speech anxiety: The power of positive thinking. Communication Education, 37, 289-296.
    • (1988) Communication Education , vol.37 , pp. 289-296
    • Ayres, J.1
  • 11
    • 28044450464 scopus 로고
    • Situational factors and audience anxiety
    • Ayres, J. (1990). Situational factors and audience anxiety. Communication Education, 39, 283-291.
    • (1990) Communication Education , vol.39 , pp. 283-291
    • Ayres, J.1
  • 12
    • 0038973913 scopus 로고
    • An examination of the impact of anticipated communication and communication apprehension on negative thinking, task relevant thinking, and recall
    • Ayres, J. (1992). An examination of the impact of anticipated communication and communication apprehension on negative thinking, task relevant thinking, and recall. Communication Research Reports, 9, 3-11.
    • (1992) Communication Research Reports , vol.9 , pp. 3-11
    • Ayres, J.1
  • 13
    • 73049118499 scopus 로고
    • Comparing self-constructed visualization scripts with guided visualization
    • Ayres, J. (1995). Comparing self-constructed visualization scripts with guided visualization. Communication Reports, 8, 193-199.
    • (1995) Communication Reports , vol.8 , pp. 193-199
    • Ayres, J.1
  • 14
    • 0030496769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speech preparation processes and speech apprehension
    • Ayres, J. (1996). Speech preparation processes and speech apprehension. Communication Education, 45,228-235.
    • (1996) Communication Education , vol.45 , pp. 228-235
    • Ayres, J.1
  • 16
    • 60749107082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between visual imagery and public speaking apprehension
    • Ayres, J., & Heuett, B. L. (1997). The relationship between visual imagery and public speaking apprehension. Communication Reports, 10, 87-94.
    • (1997) Communication Reports , vol.10 , pp. 87-94
    • Ayres, J.1    Heuett, B.L.2
  • 17
    • 0039505547 scopus 로고
    • Visualization: A means of reducing speech anxiety
    • Ayres, J., & Hopf, T. (1985). Visualization: A means of reducing speech anxiety. Communication Education, 34, 318-323.
    • (1985) Communication Education , vol.34 , pp. 318-323
    • Ayres, J.1    Hopf, T.2
  • 18
    • 0040741848 scopus 로고
    • Visualization: Reducing speech anxiety and enhancing performance
    • Ayres, J., & Hopf, T. (1992). Visualization: Reducing speech anxiety and enhancing performance. Communication Reports, 5, 1-10.
    • (1992) Communication Reports , vol.5 , pp. 1-10
    • Ayres, J.1    Hopf, T.2
  • 20
    • 21344475949 scopus 로고
    • An examination of whether imaging ability enhances the effectiveness of an intervention designed to reduce speech anxiety
    • Ayres, J., Hopf, T., & Ayres, D. M. (1994). An examination of whether imaging ability enhances the effectiveness of an intervention designed to reduce speech anxiety. Communication Education, 73,252-258.
    • (1994) Communication Education , vol.73 , pp. 252-258
    • Ayres, J.1    Hopf, T.2    Ayres, D.M.3
  • 21
    • 0040729926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visualization and performance visualization: Applications, evidence, and speculation
    • In J. A. Daly, J. C. McCroskey, J. Ayres, T. Hopf, & D. M. Ayres (Eds.), 2nd ed., Cresskill, NJ: Hampton
    • Ayres, J., Hopf, T., & Ayres, D. M. (1997). Visualization and performance visualization: Applications, evidence, and speculation. In J. A. Daly, J. C. McCroskey, J. Ayres, T. Hopf, & D. M. Ayres (Eds.), Avoiding communication: Shyness, reticence, and communication apprehension (2nd ed., pp. 401-422). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton.
    • (1997) Avoiding Communication: Shyness, Reticence, and Communication Apprehension , pp. 401-422
    • Ayres, J.1    Hopf, T.2    Ayres, D.M.3
  • 22
    • 0033449819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vividness and control: Factors in the effectiveness of performance visualization
    • Ayres, J., Hopf, T., & Edwards, P. A. (1999). Vividness and control: Factors in the effectiveness of performance visualization. Communication Education, 48, 287-293.
    • (1999) Communication Education , vol.48 , pp. 287-293
    • Ayres, J.1    Hopf, T.2    Edwards, P.A.3
  • 24
    • 70449574535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A test of Communication-Orientation Motivation (COM) therapy
    • Ayres, J., Hopf, T., & Peterson, E. (2000). A test of Communication-Orientation Motivation (COM) therapy. Communication Reports, 13, 35-44.
    • (2000) Communication Reports , vol.13 , pp. 35-44
    • Ayres, J.1    Hopf, T.2    Peterson, E.3
  • 25
    • 4944233269 scopus 로고
    • The impact of evaluation and preparation time on high public speaking anxious speakers' thoughts, behaviors, and state-communication apprehension
    • Ayres, J., & Raftis, S. M. (1992). The impact of evaluation and preparation time on high public speaking anxious speakers' thoughts, behaviors, and state-communication apprehension. The Southern Communication Journal, 57, 323-327.
    • (1992) The Southern Communication Journal , vol.57 , pp. 323-327
    • Ayres, J.1    Raftis, S.M.2
  • 26
    • 73049112248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Stroop Test for public speaking apprehension: Validity and reliability
    • Ayres, J., & Sonandré, D.A.(2002).The Stroop Test for public speaking apprehension: Validity and reliability. Communication Research Reports, 19, 167-174.
    • (2002) Communication Research Reports , vol.19 , pp. 167-174
    • Ayres, J.1    Sonandré, D.A.2
  • 28
    • 0036352790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability generalization of scores on the Spielberger State trait Anxiety Inventory
    • Barns, L. B., Harp, D., & Jung, W. S. (2002). Reliability generalization of scores on the Spielberger State trait Anxiety Inventory. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 62, 603-618.
    • (2002) Educational and Psychological Measurement , vol.62 , pp. 603-618
    • Barns, L.B.1    Harp, D.2    Jung, W.S.3
  • 29
    • 73049085913 scopus 로고
    • Teachers' potpourri: A cautionary note on the use of systematic desensitization
    • Barrick, J. E. (1971). Teachers' potpourri: A cautionary note on the use of systematic desensitization. Speech Teacher, 20, 280-281.
    • (1971) Speech Teacher , vol.20 , pp. 280-281
    • Barrick, J.E.1
  • 30
    • 0005222250 scopus 로고
    • The effects of positive and negative audience repsonses on the autonomic arousal of student speakers
    • Bassett, R., Behnke, R. R., Carlile, L. W., & Rogers, J. (1973). The effects of positive and negative audience repsonses on the autonomic arousal of student speakers. The Southern Speech Communication Journal, 38, 255-261.
    • (1973) The Southern Speech Communication Journal , vol.38 , pp. 255-261
    • Bassett, R.1    Behnke, R.R.2    Carlile, L.W.3    Rogers, J.4
  • 31
    • 0039334199 scopus 로고
    • Impact of ambiguity reduction about performance expectations on audience anxiety
    • Beatty, M. J. (1988a). Impact of ambiguity reduction about performance expectations on audience anxiety. Communication Education, 37, 208-213.
    • (1988) Communication Education , vol.37 , pp. 208-213
    • Beatty, M.J.1
  • 32
    • 0041113478 scopus 로고
    • Public speaking apprehension, decision-making errors in the selection of speech introduction strategies and adherence to strategy
    • Beatty, M. J. (1988b). Public speaking apprehension, decision-making errors in the selection of speech introduction strategies and adherence to strategy. Communication Education, 37, 297-311.
    • (1988) Communication Education , vol.37 , pp. 297-311
    • Beatty, M.J.1
  • 33
    • 0039926530 scopus 로고
    • Situational and predispositional correlates of public speaking anxiety
    • Beatty, M. J. (1988c). Situational and predispositional correlates of public speaking anxiety. Communication Education, 37, 28-39.
    • (1988) Communication Education , vol.37 , pp. 28-39
    • Beatty, M.J.1
  • 34
    • 0000312042 scopus 로고
    • Trait-like qualities of selected variables assumed to be transient causes of performance state anxiety
    • Beatty, M. J., Balfantz, G. L., & Kuwabara, A. Y. (1989). Trait-like qualities of selected variables assumed to be transient causes of performance state anxiety. Communication Education, 38, 277-289.
    • (1989) Communication Education , vol.38 , pp. 277-289
    • Beatty, M.J.1    Balfantz, G.L.2    Kuwabara, A.Y.3
  • 35
    • 84987477006 scopus 로고
    • An assimilation theory perspective of communication apprehension
    • Beatty, M. J., & Behnke, R. R. (1980). An assimilation theory perspective of communication apprehension. Human Communication Research, 6, 319-325.
    • (1980) Human Communication Research , vol.6 , pp. 319-325
    • Beatty, M.J.1    Behnke, R.R.2
  • 36
    • 84986398027 scopus 로고
    • Effects of public speaking trait anxiety and intensity of speaking task on heart rate during performance
    • Beatty, M. J., & Behnke, R. R. (1991). Effects of public speaking trait anxiety and intensity of speaking task on heart rate during performance. Human Communication Research, 18, 147-176.
    • (1991) Human Communication Research , vol.18 , pp. 147-176
    • Beatty, M.J.1    Behnke, R.R.2
  • 37
    • 84925916965 scopus 로고
    • Situational determinants of communication apprehension
    • Beatty, M. J., Behnke, R. R., & McCallum, K. (1978). Situational determinants of communication apprehension. Communication Monographs, 45, 187-191.
    • (1978) Communication Monographs , vol.45 , pp. 187-191
    • Beatty, M.J.1    Behnke, R.R.2    McCallum, K.3
  • 38
    • 73049085330 scopus 로고
    • Decision rule orientation and public speaking apprehension
    • In M. Booth-Butterfield (Ed.), Communication, cognition, and anxiety. [Special issue]
    • Beatty, M. J., & Clair, R. P. (1990). Decision rule orientation and public speaking apprehension. In M. Booth-Butterfield (Ed.), Communication, cognition, and anxiety. [Special issue]. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality (pp. 105-116).
    • (1990) Journal of Social Behavior and Personality , pp. 105-116
    • Beatty, M.J.1    Clair, R.P.2
  • 39
    • 0040817290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological assessment
    • In J. A. Daly, J. C. McCroskey, J. Ayres, T. Hopf, & D. M. Ayres (Eds.), Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press
    • Beatty, M. J., & Dobos, J. A. (1997). Physiological assessment. In J. A. Daly, J. C. McCroskey, J. Ayres, T. Hopf, & D. M. Ayres (Eds.), Avoiding communication: Shyness, reticence, and communication apprehension (pp. 217-229). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
    • (1997) Avoiding Communication: Shyness, Reticence, and Communication Apprehension , pp. 217-229
    • Beatty, M.J.1    Dobos, J.A.2
  • 40
    • 0012010850 scopus 로고
    • Public speaking state anxiety as a function of selected situational and predispositional variables
    • Beatty, M. J., & Friedland, M. H. (1990). Public speaking state anxiety as a function of selected situational and predispositional variables. Communication Education, 39, 142-147.
    • (1990) Communication Education , vol.39 , pp. 142-147
    • Beatty, M.J.1    Friedland, M.H.2
  • 41
    • 84925900623 scopus 로고
    • Towards the development of cognitively experienced speech anxiety scales
    • Beatty, M. J., Kruger, M. W., & Springhorn, R. G. (1976). Towards the development of cognitively experienced speech anxiety scales. Central States Speech Journal, 27, 181-186.
    • (1976) Central States Speech Journal , vol.27 , pp. 181-186
    • Beatty, M.J.1    Kruger, M.W.2    Springhorn, R.G.3
  • 42
    • 0039165783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communication apprehension as temperamental expression: A communibiological paradigm
    • Beatty, M. J., McCroskey, J. C., & Heisel, A. D. (1998). Communication apprehension as temperamental expression: A communibiological paradigm. Communication Monographs, 65, 197-219.
    • (1998) Communication Monographs , vol.65 , pp. 197-219
    • Beatty, M.J.1    McCroskey, J.C.2    Heisel, A.D.3
  • 44
    • 0034406114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Context-based apprehension versus planning demands: A communibiological analysis of anticipatory public speaking anxiety
    • Beatty, M. J., & Valencic, K. M. (2000). Context-based apprehension versus planning demands: A communibiological analysis of anticipatory public speaking anxiety. Communication Education, 49, 58-71.
    • (2000) Communication Education , vol.49 , pp. 58-71
    • Beatty, M.J.1    Valencic, K.M.2
  • 46
    • 73049093767 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of psychophysilogical research in communication
    • Behnke, R. R. (1971). An analysis of psychophysilogical research in communication. Central States Speech Journal, 22, 16-20.
    • (1971) Central States Speech Journal , vol.22 , pp. 16-20
    • Behnke, R.R.1
  • 47
    • 84925971818 scopus 로고
    • A cognitive-physiological model of speech anxiety
    • Behnke, R. R., & Beatty, M. J. (1981). A cognitive-physiological model of speech anxiety. Communication Monographs, 48, 158-163.
    • (1981) Communication Monographs , vol.48 , pp. 158-163
    • Behnke, R.R.1    Beatty, M.J.2
  • 48
    • 0041113480 scopus 로고
    • Brain temperature and communication apprehension
    • Behnke, R. R., Beatty, M. J., & Dabbs, J. (1982). Brain temperature and communication apprehension. MENSA Research Journal, 13, 17-20.
    • (1982) Mensa Research Journal , vol.13 , pp. 17-20
    • Behnke, R.R.1    Beatty, M.J.2    Dabbs, J.3
  • 49
  • 50
    • 0005142842 scopus 로고
    • Heart rate as an index of speech anxiety
    • Behnke, R. R., & Carlile, L. W. (1971). Heart rate as an index of speech anxiety. Speech Monographs, 38,65-69.
    • (1971) Speech Monographs , vol.38 , pp. 65-69
    • Behnke, R.R.1    Carlile, L.W.2
  • 51
    • 85007838235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptualizing speech anxiety as a dynamic trait
    • Behnke, R. R., & Sawyer, C. R. (1998). Conceptualizing speech anxiety as a dynamic trait. Southern Communication Journal, 63, 160-168.
    • (1998) Southern Communication Journal , vol.63 , pp. 160-168
    • Behnke, R.R.1    Sawyer, C.R.2
  • 52
    • 0033446614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Milestones of anticipatory public speaking anxiety
    • Behnke, R. R., & Sawyer, C. R. (1999). Milestones of anticipatory public speaking anxiety. Communication Education, 48, 165-172.
    • (1999) Communication Education , vol.48 , pp. 165-172
    • Behnke, R.R.1    Sawyer, C.R.2
  • 53
    • 0034395326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticipatory anxiety patterns for male and female public speakers
    • Behnke, R. R., & Sawyer, C. R. (2000). Anticipatory anxiety patterns for male and female public speakers. Communication Education, 49, 187-195.
    • (2000) Communication Education , vol.49 , pp. 187-195
    • Behnke, R.R.1    Sawyer, C.R.2
  • 54
    • 85064310281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of psychological state anxiety in public speaking as a function of anxiety sensitivity
    • Behnke, R. R., & Sawyer, C. R. (2001a). Patterns of psychological state anxiety in public speaking as a function of anxiety sensitivity. Communication Quarterly, 49, 84-94.
    • (2001) Communication Quarterly , vol.49 , pp. 84-94
    • Behnke, R.R.1    Sawyer, C.R.2
  • 55
    • 2942686881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public speaking arousal as a function of anticipatory activation and autonomic reactivity
    • Behnke, R. R., & Sawyer, C. R. (2001b). Public speaking arousal as a function of anticipatory activation and autonomic reactivity. Communication Reports, 14, 73-85.
    • (2001) Communication Reports , vol.14 , pp. 73-85
    • Behnke, R.R.1    Sawyer, C.R.2
  • 56
    • 2642586640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public speaking anxiety as a function of sensitization and habituation processes
    • Behnke, R. R., & Sawyer, C. R. (2004). Public speaking anxiety as a function of sensitization and habituation processes. Communication Education, 53, 164-173.
    • (2004) Communication Education , vol.53 , pp. 164-173
    • Behnke, R.R.1    Sawyer, C.R.2
  • 58
    • 0021923350 scopus 로고
    • Physiological, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of social anxiety
    • Beidel, D. C., Turner, S. M., & Dancu, C. V. (1985). Physiological, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of social anxiety. Behavioral Research and Therapy, 23, 101-117.
    • (1985) Behavioral Research and Therapy , vol.23 , pp. 101-117
    • Beidel, D.C.1    Turner, S.M.2    Dancu, C.V.3
  • 60
    • 0344110523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are emotions frightending? II: An analogue study of fear of emotion, interpersonal conflict, and panic onset
    • Berg, C. Z., Shapiro, N., Chambless, D. L., & Ahrens, A. H. (1998). Are emotions frightending? II: An analogue study of fear of emotion, interpersonal conflict, and panic onset. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 3-15.
    • (1998) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.36 , pp. 3-15
    • Berg, C.Z.1    Shapiro, N.2    Chambless, D.L.3    Ahrens, A.H.4
  • 61
    • 0033479948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do people think causes stage fright?: Naive attributions about the reasons for public speaking anxiety
    • Bippus, A. M., & Daly, J. A. (1999). What do people think causes stage fright?: Naive attributions about the reasons for public speaking anxiety. Communication Education, 48, 63-72.
    • (1999) Communication Education , vol.48 , pp. 63-72
    • Bippus, A.M.1    Daly, J.A.2
  • 62
    • 73049092855 scopus 로고
    • A palmar sweat investigation of the effects of audience variation upon stage fright
    • Bode, D. L., & Brutten, E. J. (1963). A palmar sweat investigation of the effects of audience variation upon stage fright. Speech Monographs, 30, 92-96.
    • (1963) Speech Monographs , vol.30 , pp. 92-96
    • Bode, D.L.1    Brutten, E.J.2
  • 63
    • 0032030601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive effects of trait hostility and anger expression on cardiovascular reactivity in young men
    • Bongard, S., al'Absi, M., & Lovallo, W. R. (1998). Interactive effects of trait hostility and anger expression on cardiovascular reactivity in young men. International Journal of Psychophysiol- ogy, 28, 88-92.
    • (1998) International Journal of Psychophysiol- Ogy , vol.28 , pp. 88-92
    • Bongard, S.1    Al'absi, M.2    Lovallo, W.R.3
  • 64
    • 0039289453 scopus 로고
    • Providing feedback: The research on effective oral and written feedback strategies
    • Book, C. L. (1985). Providing feedback: The research on effective oral and written feedback strategies. Central States Speech Journal, 36, 14-23.
    • (1985) Central States Speech Journal , vol.36 , pp. 14-23
    • Book, C.L.1
  • 65
    • 0040023823 scopus 로고
    • Stifle or stimulate? The effects of communication task structure on apprehensive and non-apprehensive students
    • Booth-Butterfield, M. (1986). Stifle or stimulate? The effects of communication task structure on apprehensive and non-apprehensive students. Communication Education, 35, 337-348.
    • (1986) Communication Education , vol.35 , pp. 337-348
    • Booth-Butterfield, M.1
  • 66
    • 0040474297 scopus 로고
    • The interpretation of classroom performance feedback: An attributional approach
    • Booth-Butterfield, M. (1989). The interpretation of classroom performance feedback: An attributional approach. Communication Education, 38, 119-131.
    • (1989) Communication Education , vol.38 , pp. 119-131
    • Booth-Butterfield, M.1
  • 68
    • 73049116440 scopus 로고
    • The role of cognitive performance orientation in communication anxiety
    • Booth-Butterfield, M., & Booth-Butterfield, S. (1993). The role of cognitive performance orientation in communication anxiety. Communication Quarterly, 41, 198-209.
    • (1993) Communication Quarterly , vol.41 , pp. 198-209
    • Booth-Butterfield, M.1    Booth-Butterfield, S.2
  • 69
    • 0005179828 scopus 로고
    • The Communication Anxiety Inventory: Validation of state- and context-communication apprehension
    • Booth-Butterfield, M., & Gould, M. (1986). The Communication Anxiety Inventory: Validation of state- and context-communication apprehension. Communication Quarterly, 34, 194-205.
    • (1986) Communication Quarterly , vol.34 , pp. 194-205
    • Booth-Butterfield, M.1    Gould, M.2
  • 70
    • 84986401442 scopus 로고
    • Action assembly theory and communication apprehension: A psychophysiological study
    • Booth-Butterfield, S. (1987). Action assembly theory and communication apprehension: A psychophysiological study. Human Communication Research, 13, 386-398.
    • (1987) Human Communication Research , vol.13 , pp. 386-398
    • Booth-Butterfield, S.1
  • 71
    • 0039926536 scopus 로고
    • Instructional interventions for reducing situational anxiety and avoidance
    • Booth-Butterfield, S. (1988). Instructional interventions for reducing situational anxiety and avoidance. Communication Education, 37, 214-223.
    • (1988) Communication Education , vol.37 , pp. 214-223
    • Booth-Butterfield, S.1
  • 72
    • 0038970447 scopus 로고
    • Classroom criticism and speech attitudes
    • Bostrom, R. (1963). Classroom criticism and speech attitudes. Central States Speech Journal, 14, 27-32.
    • (1963) Central States Speech Journal , vol.14 , pp. 27-32
    • Bostrom, R.1
  • 73
    • 4444237442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of videotaped feedback in the instruction of public speaking: A quantitative synthesis of published empirical research
    • Bourhis, J., & Allen, M. T. (1998). The role of videotaped feedback in the instruction of public speaking: A quantitative synthesis of published empirical research. Communication Research Reports, 15, 256-261.
    • (1998) Communication Research Reports , vol.15 , pp. 256-261
    • Bourhis, J.1    Allen, M.T.2
  • 74
    • 0030163018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a measurement model of the Affect Intensity Measure: A three-factor structure
    • Bryant, F. B., Yarnold, P. R., & Grimm, L. G. (1996). Toward a measurement model of the Affect Intensity Measure: A three-factor structure. Journal of Research in Personality, 30, 223-247.
    • (1996) Journal of Research In Personality , vol.30 , pp. 223-247
    • Bryant, F.B.1    Yarnold, P.R.2    Grimm, L.G.3
  • 77
    • 0003968091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cacioppo, J. T., Tassinary, L. G., & Berntson, G. G. (Eds.)., 3rd ed.). New York: Cambridge
    • Cacioppo, J. T., Tassinary, L. G., & Berntson, G. G. (Eds.). (2007). Handbook of psychophysiology (3rd ed.). New York: Cambridge.
    • (2007) Handbook of Psychophysiology
  • 78
    • 84925907814 scopus 로고
    • A psychological pattern of anxiety in pubilc speaking
    • Carlile, L. W., Behnke, R. R., & Kitchens, J. T. (1977). A psychological pattern of anxiety in pubilc speaking. Communication Quarterly, 25(4), 44-46.
    • (1977) Communication Quarterly , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 44-46
    • Carlile, L.W.1    Behnke, R.R.2    Kitchens, J.T.3
  • 79
    • 0032958002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contributions of eye movements to the efficacy of brief exposure treatment for reducing fear of public speaking
    • Carrigan, M. H., & Levis, D. J. (1999). The contributions of eye movements to the efficacy of brief exposure treatment for reducing fear of public speaking. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13, 101-118.
    • (1999) Journal of Anxiety Disorders , vol.13 , pp. 101-118
    • Carrigan, M.H.1    Levis, D.J.2
  • 80
    • 38549137059 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS scales
    • Carver, C. S., & White, T. L. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 319-333.
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.67 , pp. 319-333
    • Carver, C.S.1    White, T.L.2
  • 81
    • 0021633410 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of fear in agoraphobics: The Body Sensations Questionnaire and the Agoraphobic Conditions Questionnaire
    • Chambless, D. L., Caputo, G. C., Bright, P., & Gallagher, R. (1984). Assessment of fear in agoraphobics: The Body Sensations Questionnaire and the Agoraphobic Conditions Questionnaire. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 1090-1097.
    • (1984) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 1090-1097
    • Chambless, D.L.1    Caputo, G.C.2    Bright, P.3    Gallagher, R.4
  • 82
    • 1642452773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Speech Anxiety Thoughts Inventory: Scale development and preliminary psychometric data
    • Cho, Y., Smits, J. A. J., & Telch, M. J. (2004). The Speech Anxiety Thoughts Inventory: Scale development and preliminary psychometric data. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 13-25.
    • (2004) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.42 , pp. 13-25
    • Cho, Y.1    Smits, J.A.J.2    Telch, M.J.3
  • 83
    • 27944494446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affect intensity and sensitivity to punishment as predictors of sensitization (arousal) during public speaking
    • Clay, E., Fisher, R. L., Xie, S., Sawyer, C. R., & Behnke, R. R. (2005). Affect intensity and sensitivity to punishment as predictors of sensitization (arousal) during public speaking. Communica- tion Reports, 18, 95-103.
    • (2005) Communica- Tion Reports , vol.18 , pp. 95-103
    • Clay, E.1    Fisher, R.L.2    Xie, S.3    Sawyer, C.R.4    Behnke, R.R.5
  • 84
    • 0030447637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological effects of public speaking assessed using a measure of palmar sweating
    • Clements, K., & Turpin, G. (1996). Physiological effects of public speaking assessed using a measure of palmar sweating. Journal of Psychophysiology, 10, 283-290.
    • (1996) Journal of Psychophysiology , vol.10 , pp. 283-290
    • Clements, K.1    Turpin, G.2
  • 86
    • 0012009786 scopus 로고
    • A synthesis of experimental research in stage fright
    • Clevenger, T. (1959). A synthesis of experimental research in stage fright. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 45, 134-145.
    • (1959) Quarterly Journal of Speech , vol.45 , pp. 134-145
    • Clevenger, T.1
  • 88
    • 41249091952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure of feared social situations among individuals with a lifetime diagnosis of social anxiety disorder in two independent nationally representative mental health surveys
    • Cox, B. J., Clara, I. P., Sareen, J., & Stein, M. B. (2008). The structure of feared social situations among individuals with a lifetime diagnosis of social anxiety disorder in two independent nationally representative mental health surveys. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 477-486.
    • (2008) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.46 , pp. 477-486
    • Cox, B.J.1    Clara, I.P.2    Sareen, J.3    Stein, M.B.4
  • 89
    • 0019475928 scopus 로고
    • Institutional demand and anxiety level: Effects on speech anxiety
    • Craighead, W. E., & Craighead, L. W. (1981). Institutional demand and anxiety level: Effects on speech anxiety. Behavior Modification, 5, 103-117.
    • (1981) Behavior Modification , vol.5 , pp. 103-117
    • Craighead, W.E.1    Craighead, L.W.2
  • 91
    • 84925916695 scopus 로고
    • The assessment of social-communicative anxiety via self-reports: A comparison of measures
    • Daly, J. A. (1978). The assessment of social-communicative anxiety via self-reports: A comparison of measures. Communication Monographs, 45, 204-218.
    • (1978) Communication Monographs , vol.45 , pp. 204-218
    • Daly, J.A.1
  • 92
    • 73049100299 scopus 로고
    • Audience anxiety
    • Daly, J. A., & Buss, A. (1983). Audience anxiety. Communication, 12, 27-35.
    • (1983) Communication , vol.12 , pp. 27-35
    • Daly, J.A.1    Buss, A.2
  • 97
    • 21844504773 scopus 로고
    • Speech anxiety affects how people prepare speeches: A protocol analysis of the preparation processes of speakers
    • Daly, J. A., Vangelisti, A. L., & Weber, D. J. (1995). Speech anxiety affects how people prepare speeches: A protocol analysis of the preparation processes of speakers. Communication Monographs, 62, 383-397.
    • (1995) Communication Monographs , vol.62 , pp. 383-397
    • Daly, J.A.1    Vangelisti, A.L.2    Weber, D.J.3
  • 98
    • 0033978986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • While a phobic waits: Regional brain electrical and autonomic activity in social phobics during anticipation of public speaking
    • Davidson, R. J., Marshall, J. R., Tomarken, A. J., & Henriques, J. B. (2000). While a phobic waits: Regional brain electrical and autonomic activity in social phobics during anticipation of public speaking. Biological Psychology, 47, 85-95.
    • (2000) Biological Psychology , vol.47 , pp. 85-95
    • Davidson, R.J.1    Marshall, J.R.2    Tomarken, A.J.3    Henriques, J.B.4
  • 99
    • 73049085329 scopus 로고
    • The effects of teacher comment and television video tape playback on the frequency of nonfluency in beginning speech students
    • Deihl, E. R., Breen, M. P., & Larson, C. U. (1970). The effects of teacher comment and television video tape playback on the frequency of nonfluency in beginning speech students. The Speech Teacher, 19, 185-189.
    • (1970) The Speech Teacher , vol.19 , pp. 185-189
    • Deihl, E.R.1    Breen, M.P.2    Larson, C.U.3
  • 100
    • 58049125185 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of certain physiological, introspective and rating-scale techniques for the measurement of stage fright
    • Dickens, M., & Parker, W. R. (1951). An experimental study of certain physiological, introspective and rating-scale techniques for the measurement of stage fright. Speech Monographs, 18, 251-259.
    • (1951) Speech Monographs , vol.18 , pp. 251-259
    • Dickens, M.1    Parker, W.R.2
  • 101
    • 2642574916 scopus 로고
    • TRIPLESPEAK: A teaching technique to multiply successful speech performance
    • Dubner, F. S., & Mills, F. O. (1984). TRIPLESPEAK: A teaching technique to multiply successful speech performance. Communication Education, 33, 168-172.
    • (1984) Communication Education , vol.33 , pp. 168-172
    • Dubner, F.S.1    Mills, F.O.2
  • 103
    • 0039544523 scopus 로고
    • Creating and teaching special sections of a public speaking course for apprehensive students: A multi-case study
    • Dwyer, K. K. (1995). Creating and teaching special sections of a public speaking course for apprehensive students: A multi-case study. Basic Communication Course Annual, 7, 100-124.
    • (1995) Basic Communication Course Annual , vol.7 , pp. 100-124
    • Dwyer, K.K.1
  • 104
    • 0034405276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The multidimensional model: Teaching students to self-manage high communication apprehension by self-selecting treatments
    • Dwyer, K. K. (2000). The multidimensional model: Teaching students to self-manage high communication apprehension by self-selecting treatments. Communication Education, 49, 72-81.
    • (2000) Communication Education , vol.49 , pp. 72-81
    • Dwyer, K.K.1
  • 105
    • 0040474295 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity to feedback and the development of self
    • Edwards, R. (1990). Sensitivity to feedback and the development of self. Communication Quarterly, 38,101-111.
    • (1990) Communication Quarterly , vol.38 , pp. 101-111
    • Edwards, R.1
  • 106
    • 3242792459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postevent rumination and recall bias for a social performance event in high and low socially anxious individuals
    • Edwards, S. L., Rapee, R. M., & Franklin, J. (2003). Postevent rumination and recall bias for a social performance event in high and low socially anxious individuals. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 603-617.
    • (2003) Cognitive Therapy and Research , vol.27 , pp. 603-617
    • Edwards, S.L.1    Rapee, R.M.2    Franklin, J.3
  • 107
    • 0039722413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit anxiety measure predicts cardiovascular reactivity to an evaluated speaking task
    • Egloff, B., Wilhelm, F. H., Neubauer, D. H., Mauss, I. B., & Gross, J. J. (2002). Implicit anxiety measure predicts cardiovascular reactivity to an evaluated speaking task. Emotion, 2, 3-11.
    • (2002) Emotion , vol.2 , pp. 3-11
    • Egloff, B.1    Wilhelm, F.H.2    Neubauer, D.H.3    Mauss, I.B.4    Gross, J.J.5
  • 108
    • 21844511156 scopus 로고
    • Apprehension, self-perceived competency, and teacher immediacy in the laboratory-supported public speaking course: Trends and relationships
    • Ellis, K. (1995). Apprehension, self-perceived competency, and teacher immediacy in the laboratory-supported public speaking course: Trends and relationships. Communication Education, 44, 64-78.
    • (1995) Communication Education , vol.44 , pp. 64-78
    • Ellis, K.1
  • 110
  • 111
    • 60649114887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the effect of exposure therapy on public speaking state anxiety
    • Finn, A. N., Sawyer, C. R., & Schrodt, P. (2009). Examining the effect of exposure therapy on public speaking state anxiety. Communication Education, 58, 92-109.
    • (2009) Communication Education , vol.58 , pp. 92-109
    • Finn, A.N.1    Sawyer, C.R.2    Schrodt, P.3
  • 112
    • 80052989019 scopus 로고
    • The differential impact of a basic communication course on perceived communication competencies in class, work, and social contexts
    • Ford, W. S. Z., & Wolvin, A. D. (1993). The differential impact of a basic communication course on perceived communication competencies in class, work, and social contexts. Communication Education, 42, 215-223.
    • (1993) Communication Education , vol.42 , pp. 215-223
    • Ford, W.S.Z.1    Wolvin, A.D.2
  • 113
    • 0039544517 scopus 로고
    • Communication apprehension: Resources for the instructor
    • Foss, K. A. (1982). Communication apprehension: Resources for the instructor. Communication Education, 31, 195-203.
    • (1982) Communication Education , vol.31 , pp. 195-203
    • Foss, K.A.1
  • 114
    • 0038969050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral inhibition and the attribution of public speaking state anxiety
    • Freeman, T., Sawyer, C. R., & Behnke, R. R. (1997). Behavioral inhibition and the attribution of public speaking state anxiety. Communication Education, 46, 175-187.
    • (1997) Communication Education , vol.46 , pp. 175-187
    • Freeman, T.1    Sawyer, C.R.2    Behnke, R.R.3
  • 116
    • 84985044249 scopus 로고
    • A synthesis of experimental studies of speech communication feedback
    • Gardiner, J. C. (1971). A synthesis of experimental studies of speech communication feedback. The Journal of Communication, 21, 17-35.
    • (1971) The Journal of Communication , vol.21 , pp. 17-35
    • Gardiner, J.C.1
  • 117
    • 0036779698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing a short Affect Intensity Scale
    • Geuens, M., & De Pelsmacker, P. (2002). Developing a short Affect Intensity Scale. Psychological Reports, 91, 657-670.
    • (2002) Psychological Reports , vol.91 , pp. 657-670
    • Geuens, M.1    de Pelsmacker, P.2
  • 118
    • 84953012549 scopus 로고
    • The basic speech course at U.S. colleges and universities: IV
    • Gibson, J. W., Hanna, M. S., & Huddleston, B. M. (1985). The basic speech course at U.S. colleges and universities: IV. Communication Education, 34, 281-291.
    • (1985) Communication Education , vol.34 , pp. 281-291
    • Gibson, J.W.1    Hanna, M.S.2    Huddleston, B.M.3
  • 119
    • 73049113941 scopus 로고
    • A questionnaire study of the causes of social fears among college speech students
    • Gilkinson, H. (1943). A questionnaire study of the causes of social fears among college speech students. Speech Monographs, 10, 74-83.
    • (1943) Speech Monographs , vol.10 , pp. 74-83
    • Gilkinson, H.1
  • 120
    • 0040005531 scopus 로고
    • Oral communication apprehension and avoidance: The current status of treatment research
    • Glaser, S. R. (1981). Oral communication apprehension and avoidance: The current status of treatment research. Communication Education, 30, 321-341.
    • (1981) Communication Education , vol.30 , pp. 321-341
    • Glaser, S.R.1
  • 122
    • 33751197712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of social anxiety and evaluative threat on cardiovascular responses to active performance situations
    • Gramer, M., & Saria, K. (2007). Effects of social anxiety and evaluative threat on cardiovascular responses to active performance situations. Biological Psychology, 74, 67-74.
    • (2007) Biological Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 67-74
    • Gramer, M.1    Saria, K.2
  • 123
    • 0010998558 scopus 로고
    • Strength of the nervous system and levels of arousal: A reinterpretation
    • In J. A. Gray (Ed.), New York: Pergamon
    • Gray, J. A. (1964). Strength of the nervous system and levels of arousal: A reinterpretation. In J. A. Gray (Ed.), Pavlov's typology (pp. 289-364). New York: Pergamon.
    • (1964) Pavlov's Typology , pp. 289-364
    • Gray, J.A.1
  • 126
    • 84987590162 scopus 로고
    • Explication and test of a cognitive model of communication apprehension: A new look at an old construct
    • Greene, J. O., & Sparks, G. G. (1983a). Explication and test of a cognitive model of communication apprehension: A new look at an old construct. Human Communication Research, 9, 349-366.
    • (1983) Human Communication Research , vol.9 , pp. 349-366
    • Greene, J.O.1    Sparks, G.G.2
  • 127
    • 84926272934 scopus 로고
    • The role of outcome expectations in the experience of a state of communication apprehension
    • Greene, J. O., & Sparks, G. G. (1983b). The role of outcome expectations in the experience of a state of communication apprehension. Communication Quarterly, 31, 212-219.
    • (1983) Communication Quarterly , vol.31 , pp. 212-219
    • Greene, J.O.1    Sparks, G.G.2
  • 128
    • 73049117185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting speech state anxiety from trait anxiety, reactivity, and situational influences
    • Harris, K. B., Sawyer, C. R., & Behnke, R. R. (2006). Predicting speech state anxiety from trait anxiety, reactivity, and situational influences. Communication Quarterly, 54, 213-226.
    • (2006) Communication Quarterly , vol.54 , pp. 213-226
    • Harris, K.B.1    Sawyer, C.R.2    Behnke, R.R.3
  • 129
    • 0034578566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social anxiety and self-impression: Cognitive preparation ehances the beneficial effects of video feedback following a stressful social task
    • Harvey, A. G., Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., & Rapee, R. M. (2000). Social anxiety and self-impression: Cognitive preparation ehances the beneficial effects of video feedback following a stressful social task. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 1183-1192.
    • (2000) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.38 , pp. 1183-1192
    • Harvey, A.G.1    Clark, D.M.2    Ehlers, A.3    Rapee, R.M.4
  • 131
    • 17144405250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive assessment of social anxiety: A comparison of self-report and thought listing methods
    • Heinrichs, N., & Hofmann, S. G. (2005). Cognitive assessment of social anxiety: A comparison of self-report and thought listing methods. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 34, 3-15.
    • (2005) Cognitive Behaviour Therapy , vol.34 , pp. 3-15
    • Heinrichs, N.1    Hofmann, S.G.2
  • 132
    • 0040729917 scopus 로고
    • Some effects on stage fright of a course in speech
    • Henrikson, E. H. (1943). Some effects on stage fright of a course in speech. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 29, 490-491.
    • (1943) Quarterly Journal of Speech , vol.29 , pp. 490-491
    • Henrikson, E.H.1
  • 133
    • 73049084585 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of communication anxiety among students in public speaking courses
    • Hensley, W. E., & Batty, P. (1974). The measurement of communication anxiety among students in public speaking courses. Indiana Speech Journal, 7-10.
    • (1974) Indiana Speech Journal , pp. 7-10
    • Hensley, W.E.1    Batty, P.2
  • 134
    • 0035987223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Audience status moderates the effects of social support and self-efficacy on cardiovascular reactivity during public speaking
    • Hillmert, C. J., Christenfeld, N., & Kulik, J. A. (2002). Audience status moderates the effects of social support and self-efficacy on cardiovascular reactivity during public speaking. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 122-131.
    • (2002) Annals of Behavioral Medicine , vol.24 , pp. 122-131
    • Hillmert, C.J.1    Christenfeld, N.2    Kulik, J.A.3
  • 135
    • 0034494051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An instrument to assess self-statements during public speaking: Scale development and preliminary psychometric properties
    • Hofmann, S. G., & DiBartolo, P. M. (2000). An instrument to assess self-statements during public speaking: Scale development and preliminary psychometric properties. Behavior Therapy, 31, 499-515.
    • (2000) Behavior Therapy , vol.31 , pp. 499-515
    • Hofmann, S.G.1    Dibartolo, P.M.2
  • 136
    • 33644815444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anxiety goes under the skin: Behavioral inhibition, anxiety, and autonomic arousal in speech-anxious males
    • Hofmann, S. G., & Kim, H.-J. (2006). Anxiety goes under the skin: Behavioral inhibition, anxiety, and autonomic arousal in speech-anxious males. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1441-1451.
    • (2006) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.40 , pp. 1441-1451
    • Hofmann, S.G.1    Kim, H.-J.2
  • 138
    • 0040097308 scopus 로고
    • Coping with public speaking anxiety: An examination of various combinations of systematic desensitization, skills training, and visualization
    • Hopf, T., & Ayres, J. (1992). Coping with public speaking anxiety: An examination of various combinations of systematic desensitization, skills training, and visualization. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 20, 183-198.
    • (1992) Journal of Applied Communication Research , vol.20 , pp. 183-198
    • Hopf, T.1    Ayres, J.2
  • 139
    • 85007856776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation sensitivity and physical sensations of stress as components of public speaking state anxiety
    • Horvath, N. R., Moss, M. N., Xie, S., Sawyer, C. R., & Behnke, R. R. (2004). Evaluation sensitivity and physical sensations of stress as components of public speaking state anxiety. Southern Communication Journal, 69, 173-181.
    • (2004) Southern Communication Journal , vol.69 , pp. 173-181
    • Horvath, N.R.1    Moss, M.N.2    Xie, S.3    Sawyer, C.R.4    Behnke, R.R.5
  • 140
    • 84925900751 scopus 로고
    • Self-reported speech anxiety and selected demographic variables
    • Jensen, K. (1976). Self-reported speech anxiety and selected demographic variables. Central States Speech Journal, 27, 102-108.
    • (1976) Central States Speech Journal , vol.27 , pp. 102-108
    • Jensen, K.1
  • 141
    • 0039217353 scopus 로고
    • The public speaking course: Is it preparing students with work related public speaking skills?
    • Johnson, J. R., & Szczupakiewicz, N. (1987). The public speaking course: Is it preparing students with work related public speaking skills? Communication Education, 36, 131-137.
    • (1987) Communication Education , vol.36 , pp. 131-137
    • Johnson, J.R.1    Szczupakiewicz, N.2
  • 142
    • 0001885475 scopus 로고
    • Implementing a skills training program for reticent communicators
    • Kelly, L. (1989). Implementing a skills training program for reticent communicators. Communica- tion Education, 38, 85-101.
    • (1989) Communica- Tion Education , vol.38 , pp. 85-101
    • Kelly, L.1
  • 143
    • 0038951892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skills training as a treatment for communication problems
    • In J. A. Daly, J. C. McCroskey, J. Ayres, T. Hopf, & D. M. Ayres (Eds.), 2nd ed., Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press
    • Kelly, L. (1997). Skills training as a treatment for communication problems. In J. A. Daly, J. C. McCroskey, J. Ayres, T. Hopf, & D. M. Ayres (Eds.), Avoiding communication: Shyness, reticence, and communication apprehension (2nd ed., pp. 331-365). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
    • (1997) Avoiding Communication: Shyness, Reticence, and Communication Apprehension , pp. 331-365
    • Kelly, L.1
  • 144
    • 0039933061 scopus 로고
    • Rhetoritherapy revisited: A test of its effectiveness as a treatment for communication problems
    • Kelly, L., Duran, R. L., & Stewart, J. (1990). Rhetoritherapy revisited: A test of its effectiveness as a treatment for communication problems. Communication Education, 39, 207-226.
    • (1990) Communication Education , vol.39 , pp. 207-226
    • Kelly, L.1    Duran, R.L.2    Stewart, J.3
  • 145
    • 21144476091 scopus 로고
    • A test of the effectiveness of the reticence program at the Pennsylvania State University
    • Kelly, L., & Keaten, J. (1992). A test of the effectiveness of the reticence program at the Pennsylvania State University. Communication Education, 41, 361-374.
    • (1992) Communication Education , vol.41 , pp. 361-374
    • Kelly, L.1    Keaten, J.2
  • 146
    • 0034380091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treating communication anxiety: Implications of the communibiological paradigm
    • Kelly, L., & Keaten, J. (2000). Treating communication anxiety: Implications of the communibiological paradigm. Communication Education, 49, 45-57.
    • (2000) Communication Education , vol.49 , pp. 45-57
    • Kelly, L.1    Keaten, J.2
  • 147
    • 0038293325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revisiting the factor structure of the Agraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire and Body Sensations Questionnaire: A confirmatory factor analysis study
    • Khawaja, N. G. (2003). Revisiting the factor structure of the Agraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire and Body Sensations Questionnaire: A confirmatory factor analysis study. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 25, 57-63.
    • (2003) Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment , vol.25 , pp. 57-63
    • Khawaja, N.G.1
  • 148
    • 0036521225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The enhancement of video feedback by cognitive preparation in the treatment of social anxiety: A single-session experiment
    • Kim, H.-Y., Lundh, L.-G., & Harvey, A. G. (2002). The enhancement of video feedback by cognitive preparation in the treatment of social anxiety: A single-session experiment. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 33, 19-37.
    • (2002) Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry , vol.33 , pp. 19-37
    • Kim, H.-Y.1    Lundh, L.-G.2    Harvey, A.G.3
  • 149
    • 0040474299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technology-based instructional feedback intervention
    • King, P. E., & Behnke, R. R. (1999). Technology-based instructional feedback intervention. Educational Technology, 39(5), 43-49.
    • (1999) Educational Technology , vol.39 , Issue.5 , pp. 43-49
    • King, P.E.1    Behnke, R.R.2
  • 150
    • 0034550813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public speaking performance improvement as a function of information processing in immediate and delayed feedback interventions
    • King, P. E., Young, M. J., & Behnke, R. R. (2000). Public speaking performance improvement as a function of information processing in immediate and delayed feedback interventions. Communication Education, 49, 365-374.
    • (2000) Communication Education , vol.49 , pp. 365-374
    • King, P.E.1    Young, M.J.2    Behnke, R.R.3
  • 151
    • 0018376178 scopus 로고
    • Autonomic and affective reactions of high and low socially- anxious individuals awaiting public performance
    • Knight, M. L., & Borden, R. J. (1979). Autonomic and affective reactions of high and low socially- anxious individuals awaiting public performance. Psychophysiology, 16, 209-213.
    • (1979) Psychophysiology , vol.16 , pp. 209-213
    • Knight, M.L.1    Borden, R.J.2
  • 152
    • 0038951879 scopus 로고
    • A study of speech attitudes and adjustment
    • Knower, F. H. (1938). A study of speech attitudes and adjustment. Speech Monographs, 5, 130-203.
    • (1938) Speech Monographs , vol.5 , pp. 130-203
    • Knower, F.H.1
  • 153
    • 4944240092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity to punishment and explanatory style as predictors of public speaking state anxiety
    • Kopecky, C. C., Sawyer, C. R., & Behnke, R. R. (2004). Sensitivity to punishment and explanatory style as predictors of public speaking state anxiety. Communication Education, 53, 281-285.
    • (2004) Communication Education , vol.53 , pp. 281-285
    • Kopecky, C.C.1    Sawyer, C.R.2    Behnke, R.R.3
  • 154
    • 0002648712 scopus 로고
    • Fear reduction and fear behavior: Problems in treating a construct
    • In J. M. Shlien (Ed.), Washington, DC: APA
    • Lang, P. J. (1968). Fear reduction and fear behavior: Problems in treating a construct. In J. M. Shlien (Ed.), Research in psychotherapy (Vol. 3). Washington, DC: APA.
    • (1968) Research In Psychotherapy , vol.3
    • Lang, P.J.1
  • 155
    • 0001425129 scopus 로고
    • A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale
    • Leary, M. R. (1983a). A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 371-376.
    • (1983) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.9 , pp. 371-376
    • Leary, M.R.1
  • 156
    • 84987460505 scopus 로고
    • The conceptual distinctions are important: Another look at Communication Apprehension and related constructs
    • Leary, M. R. (1983b). The conceptual distinctions are important: Another look at Communication Apprehension and related constructs. Human Communication Research, 10, 305-312.
    • (1983) Human Communication Research , vol.10 , pp. 305-312
    • Leary, M.R.1
  • 157
    • 0020539793 scopus 로고
    • Social anxiousness: The construct and its measurement
    • Leary, M. R. (1983c). Social anxiousness: The construct and its measurement. Journal of Personality Assessment, 47, 66-71.
    • (1983) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.47 , pp. 66-71
    • Leary, M.R.1
  • 158
    • 0001246613 scopus 로고
    • Social anxiety, shyness, and related constructs
    • In J. P. Robinson, P. R. Shaver, & L. S. Wrightsman (Eds.), San Diego: Academic Press
    • Leary, M. R. (1991). Social anxiety, shyness, and related constructs. In J. P. Robinson, P. R. Shaver, & L. S. Wrightsman (Eds.), Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes (pp. 161-194). San Diego: Academic Press.
    • (1991) Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes , pp. 161-194
    • Leary, M.R.1
  • 159
    • 0027645445 scopus 로고
    • The Interaction Anxiousness Scale: Construct and criterion- related validity
    • Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1993). The Interaction Anxiousness Scale: Construct and criterion- related validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 61, 136-146.
    • (1993) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.61 , pp. 136-146
    • Leary, M.R.1    Kowalski, R.M.2
  • 160
    • 0029302841 scopus 로고
    • Cynicism, social support, and cardiovascular reactivity
    • Lepore, S. J. (1995). Cynicism, social support, and cardiovascular reactivity. Health Psychology, 14, 210-216.
    • (1995) Health Psychology , vol.14 , pp. 210-216
    • Lepore, S.J.1
  • 161
    • 0027448753 scopus 로고
    • Social support lowers cardiovascular reactivity to an acute stressor
    • Lepore, S. J., Allen, K. M., & Evans, G. W. (1993). Social support lowers cardiovascular reactivity to an acute stressor. Psychosomatic Medicine, 55, 518-524.
    • (1993) Psychosomatic Medicine , vol.55 , pp. 518-524
    • Lepore, S.J.1    Allen, K.M.2    Evans, G.W.3
  • 162
    • 0002656001 scopus 로고
    • Measuring trait communication apprehension: A test of rival measurement models of the PRCA-24
    • Levine, T. R., & McCroskey, J. C. (1990). Measuring trait communication apprehension: A test of rival measurement models of the PRCA-24. Communication Monographs, 57, 62-72.
    • (1990) Communication Monographs , vol.57 , pp. 62-72
    • Levine, T.R.1    McCroskey, J.C.2
  • 163
    • 0023214835 scopus 로고
    • Getting individual differences in autonomic reactivity to work for you instead of against you: Determining the dominant ''psychological'' stress channel on teh basis of a ''biological'' stress test
    • Levis, D. J., & Smith, J. E. (1987). Getting individual differences in autonomic reactivity to work for you instead of against you: Determining the dominant ''psychological'' stress channel on teh basis of a ''biological'' stress test. Psychophysiology, 24, 346-352.
    • (1987) Psychophysiology , vol.24 , pp. 346-352
    • Levis, D.J.1    Smith, J.E.2
  • 165
    • 73049103477 scopus 로고
    • The psychology of stage fright
    • Lomas, C. W. (1937). The psychology of stage fright. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 23, 35-44.
    • (1937) Quarterly Journal of Speech , vol.23 , pp. 35-44
    • Lomas, C.W.1
  • 167
    • 0040158227 scopus 로고
    • The relation of psychometric factors to stage fright
    • Low, G., & Sheets, B. V. (1951). The relation of psychometric factors to stage fright. Speech Monographs, 18, 266-271.
    • (1951) Speech Monographs , vol.18 , pp. 266-271
    • Low, G.1    Sheets, B.V.2
  • 169
    • 0040598716 scopus 로고
    • The effects of audience pleasantness, audience familiarity, and speaking contexts on public speaking anxiety and willingness to speak
    • MacIntyre, P. D., & Thivierge, K. A. (1995). The effects of audience pleasantness, audience familiarity, and speaking contexts on public speaking anxiety and willingness to speak. Communication Quarterly, 43, 456-466.
    • (1995) Communication Quarterly , vol.43 , pp. 456-466
    • Macintyre, P.D.1    Thivierge, K.A.2
  • 170
    • 0040005466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of audience interest, responsiveness, and evaluation on public speaking anxiety and related variables
    • MacIntyre, P. D., Thivierge, K. A., & MacDonald, J. R. (1997). The effects of audience interest, responsiveness, and evaluation on public speaking anxiety and related variables. Commu- nication Research Reports, 14, 157-168.
    • (1997) Commu- Nication Research Reports , vol.14 , pp. 157-168
    • Macintyre, P.D.1    Thivierge, K.A.2    Macdonald, J.R.3
  • 171
    • 0001519202 scopus 로고
    • Measures of communication-bound anxiety
    • McCroskey, J. C. (1970). Measures of communication-bound anxiety. Speech Monographs, 37, 269-277.
    • (1970) Speech Monographs , vol.37 , pp. 269-277
    • McCroskey, J.C.1
  • 172
    • 85050370765 scopus 로고
    • The implementation of a large scale program of systematic desensitization for communication apprehension
    • McCroskey, J. C. (1972). The implementation of a large scale program of systematic desensitization for communication apprehension. Speech Teacher, 21, 255-264.
    • (1972) Speech Teacher , vol.21 , pp. 255-264
    • McCroskey, J.C.1
  • 173
    • 84972862409 scopus 로고
    • Oral communication apprehension: A summary of recent theory and research
    • McCroskey, J. C. (1977). Oral communication apprehension: A summary of recent theory and research. Human Communication Research, 4, 78-96.
    • (1977) Human Communication Research , vol.4 , pp. 78-96
    • McCroskey, J.C.1
  • 174
    • 0001133144 scopus 로고
    • Oral communication apprehension: A reconceptualization
    • In M. Burgoon (Ed.), Beverly Hills, CA: Sage
    • McCroskey, J. C. (1982). Oral communication apprehension: A reconceptualization. In M. Burgoon (Ed.), Communication Yearbook 6 (pp. 136-170). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    • (1982) Communication Yearbook , vol.6 , pp. 136-170
    • McCroskey, J.C.1
  • 177
    • 0039556430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-report measurement
    • In J. A. Daly, J. C. McCroskey, J. Ayres, T. Hopf, & D. M. Ayers (Eds.), (2nd ed., pp. 191-216). Cresskill, NJ:: Hampton Press, Inc
    • McCroskey, J. C. (1997a). Self-report measurement. In J. A. Daly, J. C. McCroskey, J. Ayres, T. Hopf, & D. M. Ayers (Eds.), Avoiding communication: shyness, reticence, and communication apprehension (2nd ed., pp. 191-216). Cresskill, NJ:: Hampton Press, Inc.
    • (1997) Avoiding Communication: Shyness, Reticence, and Communication Apprehension
    • McCroskey, J.C.1
  • 178
    • 0009916968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Willingness to communicate, communication apprehension, and self- perceived communication competence: Conceptualizations and perspectives
    • In J. A. Daly, J. C. McCroskey, J. Ayres, T. Hopf, & D. M. Ayres (Eds.), Cresskill, NJ: Hampton
    • McCroskey, J. C. (1997b). Willingness to communicate, communication apprehension, and self- perceived communication competence: Conceptualizations and perspectives. In J. A. Daly, J. C. McCroskey, J. Ayres, T. Hopf, & D. M. Ayres (Eds.), Avoiding communication: Shyness, reticence, and communication apprehension (2nd ed.). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton.
    • (1997) Avoiding Communication: Shyness, Reticence, and Communication Apprehension (2nd Ed.)
    • McCroskey, J.C.1
  • 179
    • 0002352953 scopus 로고
    • Communication apprehension and accumulated communication state anxiety experiences: A research note
    • McCroskey, J. C., & Beatty, M. J. (1984). Communication apprehension and accumulated communication state anxiety experiences: A research note. Communication Monographs, 51,79-84.
    • (1984) Communication Monographs , vol.51 , pp. 79-84
    • McCroskey, J.C.1    Beatty, M.J.2
  • 180
    • 0010845391 scopus 로고
    • Oral communication apprehension
    • In W. H. Jones, J. M. Cheek, & S. R. Briggs (Eds.), New York: Plenum Press
    • McCroskey, J. C., & Beatty, M. J. (1986). Oral communication apprehension. In W. H. Jones, J. M. Cheek, & S. R. Briggs (Eds.), Shyness: Perspectives on research and treatment (pp. 279-293). New York: Plenum Press.
    • (1986) Shyness: Perspectives On Research and Treatment , pp. 279-293
    • McCroskey, J.C.1    Beatty, M.J.2
  • 183
    • 73049105996 scopus 로고
    • How to make a good thing worse: A comparison of approaches to helping students overcome communication apprehension
    • McCroskey, J. C., Richmond, V. P., Berger, B. A., & Baldwin, H. J. (1983). How to make a good thing worse: A comparison of approaches to helping students overcome communication apprehension. Communication, 12, 213-220.
    • (1983) Communication , vol.12 , pp. 213-220
    • McCroskey, J.C.1    Richmond, V.P.2    Berger, B.A.3    Baldwin, H.J.4
  • 184
    • 84971286023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticipatory public speaking state anxiety as a function of body sensations and state of mind
    • McCullough, S. C., Russell, S. G., Behnke, R. R., Sawyer, C. R., & Witt, P. L. (2006). Anticipatory public speaking state anxiety as a function of body sensations and state of mind. Communication Quarterly, 54, 101-109.
    • (2006) Communication Quarterly , vol.54 , pp. 101-109
    • McCullough, S.C.1    Russell, S.G.2    Behnke, R.R.3    Sawyer, C.R.4    Witt, P.L.5
  • 185
    • 0002393080 scopus 로고
    • The effects of audience size on high and low speech-anxious subjects during an actual speaking task
    • McKinney, M. E., Gatchel, R. J., & Paulus, P. B. (1983). The effects of audience size on high and low speech-anxious subjects during an actual speaking task. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 4,73-87.
    • (1983) Basic and Applied Social Psychology , vol.4 , pp. 73-87
    • McKinney, M.E.1    Gatchel, R.J.2    Paulus, P.B.3
  • 187
    • 0019973328 scopus 로고
    • Treating public speaking problems: A study using flooding and the elements of skills training
    • Marshall, W. L., Parker, L., & Hayes, B. J. (1982). Treating public speaking problems: A study using flooding and the elements of skills training. Behavior Modification, 6, 147-170.
    • (1982) Behavior Modification , vol.6 , pp. 147-170
    • Marshall, W.L.1    Parker, L.2    Hayes, B.J.3
  • 189
    • 73049088635 scopus 로고
    • Cause and cure of stage fright
    • Menchhofer, J. D. (1938). Cause and cure of stage fright. Western Speech, 3, 9-11.
    • (1938) Western Speech , vol.3 , pp. 9-11
    • Menchhofer, J.D.1
  • 190
    • 21344495211 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between preparation and performance in public speaking
    • Menzel, K. E., & Carrell, L. J. (1994). The relationship between preparation and performance in public speaking. Communication Education, 43, 17-26.
    • (1994) Communication Education , vol.43 , pp. 17-26
    • Menzel, K.E.1    Carrell, L.J.2
  • 191
    • 73049104251 scopus 로고
    • Variations in the verbal behavior of a second speaker as a function of varying audience responses
    • Miller, G. R. (1964). Variations in the verbal behavior of a second speaker as a function of varying audience responses. Speech Monographs, 31, 109-115.
    • (1964) Speech Monographs , vol.31 , pp. 109-115
    • Miller, G.R.1
  • 193
    • 2642516267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anxiety sensitivity and speech trait anxiety as predictors of state anxiety during public speaking
    • Mladenka, J. D., Sawyer, C. R., & Behnke, R. R. (1998). Anxiety sensitivity and speech trait anxiety as predictors of state anxiety during public speaking. Communication Quarterly, 46, 417-429.
    • (1998) Communication Quarterly , vol.46 , pp. 417-429
    • Mladenka, J.D.1    Sawyer, C.R.2    Behnke, R.R.3
  • 194
    • 34047122627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When ambiguity hurts: Social standards moderate self-appraisals in generalized social phobia
    • Moscovitch, D. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2006). When ambiguity hurts: Social standards moderate self-appraisals in generalized social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1039-1052.
    • (2006) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.45 , pp. 1039-1052
    • Moscovitch, D.A.1    Hofmann, S.G.2
  • 195
    • 0005213524 scopus 로고
    • Stage fright manipulation by (false) heart rate feedback
    • Motley, M. T. (1976). Stage fright manipulation by (false) heart rate feedback. Central States Speech Journal, 27, 181-185.
    • (1976) Central States Speech Journal , vol.27 , pp. 181-185
    • Motley, M.T.1
  • 196
    • 0037476761 scopus 로고
    • Public speaking anxiety qua performance anxiety: A revised model and an alternative therapy
    • Motley, M. T. (1990). Public speaking anxiety qua performance anxiety: A revised model and an alternative therapy. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 85-104.
    • (1990) Journal of Social Behavior and Personality , vol.5 , pp. 85-104
    • Motley, M.T.1
  • 197
    • 0040748808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • COM Therapy
    • In J. A. Daly, J. C. McCroskey, J. Ayres, T. Hopf, & D. M. Ayers (Eds.), Cresskill, NJ: Hampton
    • Motley, M. T. (1997). COM Therapy. In J. A. Daly, J. C. McCroskey, J. Ayres, T. Hopf, & D. M. Ayers (Eds.), Avoiding communication: Shyness, reticence, and communication apprehension (pp. 379-400). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton.
    • (1997) Avoiding Communication: Shyness, Reticence, and Communication Apprehension , pp. 379-400
    • Motley, M.T.1
  • 198
    • 6844234883 scopus 로고
    • An efficacy test of a new therapy (''Communication- Orientation Motivation'') for public speaking anxiety
    • Motley, M. T., & Molloy, J. L. (1994). An efficacy test of a new therapy (''Communication- Orientation Motivation'') for public speaking anxiety. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 22, 48-58.
    • (1994) Journal of Applied Communication Research , vol.22 , pp. 48-58
    • Motley, M.T.1    Molloy, J.L.2
  • 199
    • 84925886070 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral assessment of speech anxiety
    • Mulac, A., & Sherman, A. R. (1974). Behavioral assessment of speech anxiety. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 60, 134-143.
    • (1974) Quarterly Journal of Speech , vol.60 , pp. 134-143
    • Mulac, A.1    Sherman, A.R.2
  • 200
    • 73049086724 scopus 로고
    • Conceptual foundations of the behavioral assessment of speech anxiety
    • Mulac, A., & Sherman, A. R. (1975). Conceptual foundations of the behavioral assessment of speech anxiety. Western Journal of Communication, 39, 176-180.
    • (1975) Western Journal of Communication , vol.39 , pp. 176-180
    • Mulac, A.1    Sherman, A.R.2
  • 201
    • 0012586154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral assessment
    • In J. A. Daly, J. C. McCroskey, J. Ayres, T. Hopf, & D. M. Ayers (Eds.), (2nd ed.). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press
    • Mulac, A., & Wiemann, J. M. (1997). Behavioral assessment. In J. A. Daly, J. C. McCroskey, J. Ayres, T. Hopf, & D. M. Ayers (Eds.), Avoding communication: Shyness, reticence, and communication apprehension (2nd ed.). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
    • (1997) Avoding Communication: Shyness, Reticence, and Communication Apprehension
    • Mulac, A.1    Wiemann, J.M.2
  • 202
    • 84954833985 scopus 로고
    • Rhetoritherapy vs. behavioral therapy: Issues and evidence
    • Page, W. T. (1980). Rhetoritherapy vs. behavioral therapy: Issues and evidence. Communication Education, 29, 95-104.
    • (1980) Communication Education , vol.29 , pp. 95-104
    • Page, W.T.1
  • 203
    • 0000032652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social and communicative anxiety: A review and meta-analysis
    • In B. R. Burleson (Ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Patterson, M. L., & Ritts, V. (1997). Social and communicative anxiety: A review and meta-analysis. In B. R. Burleson (Ed.), Communication Yearbook 20 (pp. 263-303). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (1997) Communication Yearbook 20 , pp. 263-303
    • Patterson, M.L.1    Ritts, V.2
  • 205
    • 0036487644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experiment on public speaking anxiety in response to three different types of virtual audience
    • Pertaub, D.-P., Slater, M., & Barker, C. (2002). An experiment on public speaking anxiety in response to three different types of virtual audience. Presence, 11, 68-78.
    • (2002) Presence , vol.11 , pp. 68-78
    • Pertaub, D.-P.1    Slater, M.2    Barker, C.3
  • 207
    • 73049090157 scopus 로고
    • The instructional pattern of the Penn State Reticence Program: Theoretical bases
    • Phillips, G. C. (1983). The instructional pattern of the Penn State Reticence Program: Theoretical bases. Communication, 12, 175-183.
    • (1983) Communication , vol.12 , pp. 175-183
    • Phillips, G.C.1
  • 208
    • 0040690748 scopus 로고
    • Rhetoritherapy: The principles of rhetoric in training shy people in speech effectiveness
    • In W. H. Jones, J. M. Cheek, & S. R. Briggs (Eds.), New York: Plenum
    • Phillips, G. C. (1986). Rhetoritherapy: The principles of rhetoric in training shy people in speech effectiveness. In W. H. Jones, J. M. Cheek, & S. R. Briggs (Eds.), Shyness: Perspectives on research and treatment (pp. 357-374). New York: Plenum.
    • (1986) Shyness: Perspectives On Research and Treatment , pp. 357-374
    • Phillips, G.C.1
  • 210
    • 0005193055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trait anxiety, experience, and the public speaking state responses of Finnish university students
    • Porhölä, M. (1997). Trait anxiety, experience, and the public speaking state responses of Finnish university students. Communication Research Reports, 14, 367-384.
    • (1997) Communication Research Reports , vol.14 , pp. 367-384
    • Porhölä, M.1
  • 211
    • 0036776282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arousal styles during pubilc speaking
    • Porhölä, M. (2002). Arousal styles during pubilc speaking. Communication Education, 51, 420-438.
    • (2002) Communication Education , vol.51 , pp. 420-438
    • Porhölä, M.1
  • 212
    • 84925886162 scopus 로고
    • Self-report scales of communication apprehension and autonomic arousal (heart rate): A test of construct validity
    • Porter, D. T. (1974). Self-report scales of communication apprehension and autonomic arousal (heart rate): A test of construct validity. Speech Monographs, 41, 267-276.
    • (1974) Speech Monographs , vol.41 , pp. 267-276
    • Porter, D.T.1
  • 213
    • 85055310045 scopus 로고
    • A criticism of ''heart rate as an index of speech anxiety''
    • Porter, D. T., & Burns, G. P., Jr. (1973). A criticism of ''heart rate as an index of speech anxiety''. Speech Monographs, 40, 156-159.
    • (1973) Speech Monographs , vol.40 , pp. 156-159
    • Porter, D.T.1    Burns Jr, G.P.2
  • 214
    • 62249162864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carver and White's (1994) BIS scale and Lykken's (1995) primary psychopath: A reply to Newman and Malterer (2009)
    • Poythress, N. G., Skeem, J. L., Lilienfeld, S. O., Douglas, K. S., & Edens, J. F. (2009). Carver and White's (1994) BIS scale and Lykken's (1995) primary psychopath: A reply to Newman and Malterer (2009). Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 678-681.
    • (2009) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.46 , pp. 678-681
    • Poythress, N.G.1    Skeem, J.L.2    Lilienfeld, S.O.3    Douglas, K.S.4    Edens, J.F.5
  • 215
    • 73049118498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comforting apprehensive communicators: The effects of reappraisal and distraction on cortisol levels among students in a public speaking class
    • Priem, J. S., & Solomon, D. H. (2009). Comforting apprehensive communicators: The effects of reappraisal and distraction on cortisol levels among students in a public speaking class. Communication Quarterly, 57, 259-281.
    • (2009) Communication Quarterly , vol.57 , pp. 259-281
    • Priem, J.S.1    Solomon, D.H.2
  • 216
    • 0039431510 scopus 로고
    • Using video technology to provide feedback to students in performance courses
    • Quigley, B. L., & Nyquist, J. D. (1992). Using video technology to provide feedback to students in performance courses. Communication Education, 41, 324-334.
    • (1992) Communication Education , vol.41 , pp. 324-334
    • Quigley, B.L.1    Nyquist, J.D.2
  • 218
    • 35548941115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling relationships between cognitive variables during and following public speaking in participants with social phobia
    • Rapee, R. M., & Abbott, M. J. (2007). Modelling relationships between cognitive variables during and following public speaking in participants with social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2977-2989.
    • (2007) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.45 , pp. 2977-2989
    • Rapee, R.M.1    Abbott, M.J.2
  • 219
    • 0029922073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of video feedback on the self-evaluation of performance in socially anxious subjects
    • Rapee, R. M., & Hayman, K. (1996). The effects of video feedback on the self-evaluation of performance in socially anxious subjects. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 315-322.
    • (1996) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.34 , pp. 315-322
    • Rapee, R.M.1    Hayman, K.2
  • 220
    • 0026459349 scopus 로고
    • Discrepancy between self- and observer ratings of performance in social phobics
    • Rapee, R. M., & Lim, L. (1992). Discrepancy between self- and observer ratings of performance in social phobics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 728-731.
    • (1992) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.101 , pp. 728-731
    • Rapee, R.M.1    Lim, L.2
  • 225
    • 2942635512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A neurological representation of speech state anxiety: Mapping salivary cortisol levels of public speakers
    • Roberts, J. B., Sawyer, C. R., & Behnke, R. R. (2004). A neurological representation of speech state anxiety: Mapping salivary cortisol levels of public speakers. Western Journal of Communica- tion, 68, 219-231.
    • (2004) Western Journal of Communica- Tion , vol.68 , pp. 219-231
    • Roberts, J.B.1    Sawyer, C.R.2    Behnke, R.R.3
  • 226
    • 73049099193 scopus 로고
    • What can the speech teacher do about students' stagefright?
    • Robinson, E. R. (1959). What can the speech teacher do about students' stagefright? Speech Teacher, 8,8-14.
    • (1959) Speech Teacher , vol.8 , pp. 8-14
    • Robinson, E.R.1
  • 227
    • 0031526962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communication apprehension and the basic public speaking course: A national survey of in-class treatment techniques
    • Robinson, T. E. (1997). Communication apprehension and the basic public speaking course: A national survey of in-class treatment techniques. Communication Education, 46, 188-197.
    • (1997) Communication Education , vol.46 , pp. 188-197
    • Robinson, T.E.1
  • 228
    • 1242326432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of video feedback on self-perception of performance: A replication and extension
    • Rodebaugh, T. L., & Chambless, D. L. (2002). The effects of video feedback on self-perception of performance: A replication and extension. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 629-644.
    • (2002) Cognitive Therapy and Research , vol.26 , pp. 629-644
    • Rodebaugh, T.L.1    Chambless, D.L.2
  • 229
    • 33745236881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Those who think they look worst respond best: Self- observer discrepany predicts response to video feedback following a speech task
    • Rodebaugh, T. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2006). Those who think they look worst respond best: Self- observer discrepany predicts response to video feedback following a speech task. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 705-715.
    • (2006) Cognitive Therapy and Research , vol.29 , pp. 705-715
    • Rodebaugh, T.L.1    Rapee, R.M.2
  • 230
    • 0031479339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of instruction on communication apprehension and communication competence
    • Rubin, R. B., Rubin, A. M., & Jordan, F. F. (1997). Effects of instruction on communication apprehension and communication competence. Communication Education, 46, 104-114.
    • (1997) Communication Education , vol.46 , pp. 104-114
    • Rubin, R.B.1    Rubin, A.M.2    Jordan, F.F.3
  • 231
    • 37249046375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social fears and social phobia in the U.S.A.: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
    • Ruscio, A. M., Brown, T. A., Chiu, W. T., Sareen, J., Stein, M. B., & Kessler, R. C. (2008). Social fears and social phobia in the U.S.A.: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Psychological Medicine, 38, 15-28.
    • (2008) Psychological Medicine , vol.38 , pp. 15-28
    • Ruscio, A.M.1    Brown, T.A.2    Chiu, W.T.3    Sareen, J.4    Stein, M.B.5    Kessler, R.C.6
  • 232
    • 0001928653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public speaking anxiety and the communication of emotion
    • Sawyer, C. R., & Behnke, R. R. (1996). Public speaking anxiety and the communication of emotion. World Communication, 25, 21-30.
    • (1996) World Communication , vol.25 , pp. 21-30
    • Sawyer, C.R.1    Behnke, R.R.2
  • 233
    • 73049113012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communication apprehension and implicit memories of public speaking state anxiety
    • Sawyer, C. R., & Behnke, R. R. (1997). Communication apprehension and implicit memories of public speaking state anxiety. Communication Quarterly, 45, 211-222.
    • (1997) Communication Quarterly , vol.45 , pp. 211-222
    • Sawyer, C.R.1    Behnke, R.R.2
  • 234
    • 0001884081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State anxiety patterns for public speaking and the behavior inhibition system
    • Sawyer, C. R., & Behnke, R. R. (1999). State anxiety patterns for public speaking and the behavior inhibition system. Communication Reports, 12, 33-41.
    • (1999) Communication Reports , vol.12 , pp. 33-41
    • Sawyer, C.R.1    Behnke, R.R.2
  • 235
    • 2642513877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in public speaking state anxiety during performance as a function of sensitization processes
    • Sawyer, C. R., & Behnke, R. R. (2002). Reduction in public speaking state anxiety during performance as a function of sensitization processes. Communication Quarterly, 50, 110-121.
    • (2002) Communication Quarterly , vol.50 , pp. 110-121
    • Sawyer, C.R.1    Behnke, R.R.2
  • 236
    • 0020209690 scopus 로고
    • Social anxiety and self-presentation: A conceptualization and model
    • Schlenker, B. R., & Leary, M. R. (1982). Social anxiety and self-presentation: A conceptualization and model. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 641-669.
    • (1982) Psychological Bulletin , vol.92 , pp. 641-669
    • Schlenker, B.R.1    Leary, M.R.2
  • 237
    • 33750338218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Appraisal of Social Concerns Scale: Psychometric validation with a clinical sample of patients with social anxiety disorder
    • Schultz, L. T., Heimberg, R. G., Rodebaugh, T. L., Schneier, F. R., Liebowitz, M. R., & Telch, M. J. (2006). The Appraisal of Social Concerns Scale: Psychometric validation with a clinical sample of patients with social anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 37, 392-405.
    • (2006) Behavior Therapy , vol.37 , pp. 392-405
    • Schultz, L.T.1    Heimberg, R.G.2    Rodebaugh, T.L.3    Schneier, F.R.4    Liebowitz, M.R.5    Telch, M.J.6
  • 238
    • 73049084205 scopus 로고
    • Writer, In G. Shapiro, H. West, J. Seinfeld & L. David (Producer), Seinfeld: NBC
    • Seinfeld, J. (Writer) (1993). The pilot [Television]. In G. Shapiro, H. West, J. Seinfeld & L. David (Producer), Seinfeld: NBC.
    • (1993) The Pilot [television]
    • Seinfeld, J.1
  • 239
    • 0024633621 scopus 로고
    • Task performance and perceptiosn of anxiety: Averaging and summation in an evaluative setting
    • Seta, J. J., Crisson, J. E., Seta, C. E., & Wang, M. A. (1989). Task performance and perceptiosn of anxiety: Averaging and summation in an evaluative setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 387-239.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 387-239
    • Seta, J.J.1    Crisson, J.E.2    Seta, C.E.3    Wang, M.A.4
  • 241
    • 4944224984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Student feedback sensitivity and the efficacy of feedback interventions in public speaking performance improvement
    • Smith, C. D., & King, P. E. (2004). Student feedback sensitivity and the efficacy of feedback interventions in public speaking performance improvement. Communication Education, 53, 203-216.
    • (2004) Communication Education , vol.53 , pp. 203-216
    • Smith, C.D.1    King, P.E.2
  • 242
    • 28044451971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical symptoms of discomfort associated with worry about giving a public speech
    • Smith, C. D., Sawyer, C. R., & Behnke, R. R. (2005). Physical symptoms of discomfort associated with worry about giving a public speech. Communication Reports, 18, 31-41.
    • (2005) Communication Reports , vol.18 , pp. 31-41
    • Smith, C.D.1    Sawyer, C.R.2    Behnke, R.R.3
  • 243
    • 73049116628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Get 'real': Does practicing speeches before an audience improve performance?
    • Smith, T. E., & Frymier, A. B. (2006). Get 'real': Does practicing speeches before an audience improve performance? Communication Quarterly, 54, 111-125.
    • (2006) Communication Quarterly , vol.54 , pp. 111-125
    • Smith, T.E.1    Frymier, A.B.2
  • 244
    • 0031037609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social determinants of cardiovascular reactivity: Effects of incentive to exert influence and evaluative threat
    • Smith, T. W., Nealey, J. B., Kircher, J. C., & Limon, J. P. (1997). Social determinants of cardiovascular reactivity: Effects of incentive to exert influence and evaluative threat. Psychophysiology, 34, 65-73.
    • (1997) Psychophysiology , vol.34 , pp. 65-73
    • Smith, T.W.1    Nealey, J.B.2    Kircher, J.C.3    Limon, J.P.4
  • 245
    • 0003916955 scopus 로고
    • Spielberger, C. D. (Ed.)., New York: Academic
    • Spielberger, C. D. (Ed.). (1966). Anxiety and behavior. New York: Academic.
    • (1966) Anxiety and Behavior
  • 247
    • 0002233795 scopus 로고
    • The concepts of arousal and arousability as used in temperament studies
    • In J. E. Bates & T. D. Wachs (Eds.), Washington, DC: APA
    • Strelau, J. (1994). The concepts of arousal and arousability as used in temperament studies. In J. E. Bates & T. D. Wachs (Eds.), Temperament: Individual differences at the interface of biology and behavior (pp. 117-141). Washington, DC: APA.
    • (1994) Temperament: Individual Differences At the Interface of Biology and Behavior , pp. 117-141
    • Strelau, J.1
  • 248
    • 73049115526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taking the fear and boredom out of public speaking, September 10, Retrieved January 10, 2008, from
    • Taking the fear and boredom out of public speaking. (2004, September 10). Washington Business Journal [Online], Retrieved January 10, 2008, from http://washington.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/2004/09/13/smallb5. html.
    • (2004) Washington Business Journal [online]
  • 249
    • 0031857877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderators of cardiovascular reactivity to speech: Discourse production and group variations in blood pressure and pulse rate
    • Tardy, C. H., & Allen, M. T. (1998). Moderators of cardiovascular reactivity to speech: Discourse production and group variations in blood pressure and pulse rate. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 29, 247-254.
    • (1998) International Journal of Psychophysiology , vol.29 , pp. 247-254
    • Tardy, C.H.1    Allen, M.T.2
  • 250
    • 84970348477 scopus 로고
    • Communication apprehension, interpretive styles, preparation, and performance in oral briefing
    • Thomas, G. F., Tymon, W. G., Jr., & Thomas, K. W. (1994). Communication apprehension, interpretive styles, preparation, and performance in oral briefing. The Journal of Business Communication, 31, 311-326.
    • (1994) The Journal of Business Communication , vol.31 , pp. 311-326
    • Thomas, G.F.1    Tymon Jr., W.G.2    Thomas, K.W.3
  • 251
    • 18044369249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of Gray's anxiety and impulsivity dimensions
    • Torrubia, R., Avila, C., Molto, J., & Caseras, X. (2001). The sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of Gray's anxiety and impulsivity dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 837-862.
    • (2001) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.31 , pp. 837-862
    • Torrubia, R.1    Avila, C.2    Molto, J.3    Caseras, X.4
  • 252
    • 22044443737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social anxiety and the effects of engaging in mental imagry
    • Vassilopoulous, S. (2005). Social anxiety and the effects of engaging in mental imagry. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 261-277.
    • (2005) Cognitive Therapy and Research , vol.29 , pp. 261-277
    • Vassilopoulous, S.1
  • 253
    • 0043131506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instructional and develomental communica- tion theory and research in the 1990s: Extending the agenda for the 21st century
    • In W. B. Gudykunst (Ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Waldeck, J. H., Kearney, P., & Plax, T. G. (2001). Instructional and develomental communica- tion theory and research in the 1990s: Extending the agenda for the 21st century. In W. B. Gudykunst (Ed.), Communication Yearbook, vol. 24 (pp. 207-229). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (2001) Communication Yearbook , vol.24 , pp. 207-229
    • Waldeck, J.H.1    Kearney, P.2    Plax, T.G.3
  • 254
    • 73049085725 scopus 로고
    • The confidence model: An alternative approach to alleviating communication apprehension
    • Watson, A. K. (1983). The confidence model: An alternative approach to alleviating communication apprehension. Communication, 12, 185-191.
    • (1983) Communication , vol.12 , pp. 185-191
    • Watson, A.K.1
  • 255
    • 0030492964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of integrated versus unitary treatments for reducing public speaking anxiety
    • Whitworth, R. H., & Cochran, C. (1996). Evaluation of integrated versus unitary treatments for reducing public speaking anxiety. Communication Education, 45, 306-314.
    • (1996) Communication Education , vol.45 , pp. 306-314
    • Whitworth, R.H.1    Cochran, C.2
  • 257
    • 33645220218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticipatory speech anxiety as a function of public speaking assignment type
    • Witt, P. L., & Behnke, R. R. (2006). Anticipatory speech anxiety as a function of public speaking assignment type. Communication Education, 55, 167-177.
    • (2006) Communication Education , vol.55 , pp. 167-177
    • Witt, P.L.1    Behnke, R.R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.