Aging and the neuroeconomics of decision making: A review

Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 365-379

  Brown, Stephen B R E ^a   Ridderinkhof, K Richard ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DOPAMINE; NEUROTRANSMITTER; SEROTONIN;

AGING; BRAIN REGION; COGNITION; DECISION MAKING; ECONOMIC ASPECT; GERONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH; HUMAN; LEARNING; NEUROSCIENCE; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; NONHUMAN; PARAMETER; REVIEW; REWARD; SOCIAL ASPECT; TASK PERFORMANCE; THEORETICAL MODEL;

AGING; DECISION MAKING; DOPAMINE; GAMES, EXPERIMENTAL; HUMANS; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; SEROTONIN;

EID: 72449205971     PISSN: 15307026     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3758/CABN.9.4.365     Document Type: Review

References (119)

1. ALLEN, J. S., BRUSS, J., BROWN, C. K., & DAMASIO, H. (2005). Methods for studying the aging brain: Volumetric analyses versus VBM. Neurobiology of Aging, 26, 1275-1278. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.05.017
2. ALLISON, T., PUCE, A., & MCCARTHY, G. (2000). Social perception from visual cues: Role of the STS region. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 267-278. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01501-1
3. AMODIO, D. M., & FRITH, C. D. (2006). Meeting of minds: The medial frontal cortex and social cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 268-277.
4. BÄCKMAN, L., NYBERG, L., LINDENBERGER, U., LI, S.-C., & FARDE, L. (2006). The correlative triad among aging, dopamine, and cognition: Current status and future prospects. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 30, 791-807. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.06.005
5. BALLEINE, B. W., DELGADO, M. R., & HIKOSAKA, O. (2007). The role of the dorsal striatum in reward and decision-making. Journal of Neuroscience, 27, 8161-8165. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1554-07.2007
6. BAND, G. P. H., RIDDERINKHOF, K. R., & SEGALOWITZ, S. (2002). Explaining neurocognitive aging: Is one factor enough? Brain & Cognition, 49, 259-267. doi:10.1006/brcg.2001.1499
7. BARON-COHEN, S., RING, H. A., WHEELWRIGHT, S., BULLMORE, E. T., BRAMMER, M. J., SIMMONS, A., & WILLIAMS, S. C. R. (1999). Social intelligence in the normal and autistic brain: An fMRI study. European Journal of Neuroscience, 11, 1891-1898.
8. BECHARA, A., & DAMASIO, A. R. (2005). The somatic marker hypothesis: A neural theory of economic decision. Games & Economic Behavior, 52, 336-372. doi:10.1016/j.geb.2004.06.010
9. BECHARA, A., DAMASIO, A. R., DAMASIO, H., & ANDERSON, S. W. (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition, 50, 7-15. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3
10. BHATT, M., & CAMERER, C. F. (2005). Self-referential thinking and equilibrium as states of mind in games: fMRI evidence. Games & Economic Behavior, 52, 424-459. doi:10.1016/j.geb.2005.03.007
11. BRAVER, T. S., & BARCH, D. M. (2002). A theory of cognitive control, ageing cognition, and neuromodulation. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 26, 809-817.
12. BRUNET, E., SARFATI, Y., HARDY-BAYLÉ, M.-C., & DECETY, J. (2000). PET investigation of the attribution of intentions with a nonverbal task. NeuroImage, 11, 157-166. doi:10.1006/nimg.1999.0525
13. CALDER, A. J., LAWRENCE, A. D., & YOUNG, A. W. (2001). Neuropsychology of fear and loathing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2, 352-363.
14. CARSTENSEN, L. L. (1992). Social and emotional patterns in adulthood: Support for socioemotional selectivity theory. Psychology & Aging, 7, 331-338.
15. CASTELLI, F., HAPPÉ, F., FRITH, U., & FRITH, C. (2000). Movement and mind: A functional imaging of perception and interpretation of complex intentional movement patterns. NeuroImage, 12, 314-325. doi:10.1006/nimg.2000.0612
16. CHAMBERLAIN, S. R., MÜLLER, U., BLACKWELL, A. D., CLARK, L., ROBBINS, T. W., & SAHAKIAN, B. J. (2006). Neurochemical modulation of response inhibition and probabilistic learning in humans. Science, 311, 861-863. doi:10.1126/science.1121218
17. CHASSEIGNE, G., LIGNEAU, C., GRAU, S., LE GALL, A., ROQUE, M., & MULLET, E. (2004). Aging and probabilistic learning in single- and multiple-cue tasks. Experimental Aging Research, 30, 23-45.
18. CHOU, K.-L., LEE, T. M. C., & HO, A. H. Y. (2007). Does mood state change risk taking tendency in older adults? Psychology & Aging, 22, 310-318. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.22.2.310
19. COOLS, R., CLARK, L., OWEN, A. M., & ROBBINS, T. W. (2002). Defining the neural mechanisms of probabilistic reversal learning using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Neuroscience, 22, 4563-4567. (Pubitemid 37465672)
20. COOLS, R., ROBERTS, A. C., & ROBBINS, T. W. (2008). Serotoninergic regulation of emotional and behavioural control processes. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12, 31-40. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.10.011
21. COOLS, R., ROBINSON, O. J., & SAHAKIAN, B. (2008). Acute tryptophan depletion in healthy volunteers enhances punishment prediction but does not affect reward prediction. Neuropsychopharmacology, 33, 2291-2299. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301598
22. COX, K. M., AIZENSTEIN, H. J., & FIEZ, J. A. (2008). Striatal outcome processing in healthy aging. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 8, 304-317. doi:10.3758/CABN.8.3.304
23. CRITCHLEY, H. D., ELLIOTT, R., MATHIAS, C. J., & DOLAN, R. J. (2000). Neural activity relating to generation of galvanic skin conductance responses: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 3033-3040.
24. CROMWELL, H. C., & SCHULTZ, W. (2003). Effects of expectations for different reward magnitudes on neuronal activity in primate striatum. Journal of Neurophysiology, 89, 2823-2838. doi:10.1152/jn.01014.2002
25. CURTIS, C. E., & D'ESPOSITO, M. (2003). Persistent activity in the prefrontal cortex during working memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 415-423. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00197-9 (Pubitemid 37083479)
26. DAWES, C. T., FOWLER, J. H., JOHNSON, T., MCELREATH, R., & SMIRNOV, O. (2007). Egalitarian motives in humans. Nature, 446, 794-796. doi:10.1038/nature05651
27. DEAKIN, J., AITKEN, M., ROBBINS, T., & SAHAKIAN, B. J. (2004). Risk taking during decision-making in normal volunteers changes with age. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 10, 590-598. doi:10.1017/ S1355617704104104
28. DELGADO, M. R., FRANK, R. H., & PHELPS, E. A. (2005). Perceptions of moral character modulate the neural systems of reward during the trust game. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 1611-1618. doi:10.1038/nn1575
29. DENBURG, N. L., BECHARA, A., & DAMASIO, A. R. (2005). The ability to decide advantageously declines prematurely in some normal older persons. Neuropsychologia, 43, 1099-1106. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.09.012
30. DENBURG, N. L., COLE, C. A., HERNANDEZ, M., YAMADA, T. H., TRANEL, D., BECHARA, A., & WALLACE, R. B. (2007). The orbitofrontal cortex, real-world decision-making, and normal aging. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1121, 480-498. doi:10.1196/annals.1401.031
31. DENBURG, N. L., RECKNOR, E. C., BECHARA, A., & TRANEL, D. (2006). Psychophysiological anticipation of positive outcomes promotes advantageous decision-making in normal older persons. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 61, 19-25. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.10.021
32. DERBYSHIRE, S. W. G., JONES, A. K. P., GYULAI, F., CLARK, S., TOWNSEND, D., & FIRESTONE, L. L. (1997). Pain processing during three levels of noxious stimulation produces differential patterns of central activity. Pain, 73, 431-445.
33. DOYA, K. (2008). Modulators of decision-making. Nature Neuroscience, 11, 410-416.
34. FEIN, G., MCGILLIVRAY, S., & FINN, P. (2007). Older adults make less advantageous decisions than younger adults: Cognitive and psychological correlates. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 13, 480-489. doi:10.1017/S135561770707052X (Pubitemid 47307488)
35. FERA, F., WEICKERT, T. W., GOLDBERG, T. E., TESSITORE, A., HARIRI, A., DAS, S., et al. (2005). Neural mechanisms underlying probabilistic category learning in normal aging. Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 11340-11348. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2736-05.2005 (Pubitemid 43083708)
36. FIORILLO, C. D., TOBLER, P. N., & SCHULTZ, W. (2003). Discrete coding of reward probability and uncertainty by dopamine neurons. Science, 299, 1898-1902. doi:10.1126/science.1077349 (Pubitemid 36356659)
37. FORSTMANN, B. U., JAHFARI, S., SCHOLTE, H. S., WOLFENSTELLER, U., VAN DEN WILDENBERG, W. P. M., & RIDDERINKHOF, K. R. (2008). Function and structure of the right inferior frontal cortex predict individual differences in response inhibition: A model-based approach. Journal of Neuroscience, 28, 9790-9796. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1465-08.2008
38. FRANK, M. J., & KONG, L. (2008). Learning to avoid in older age. Psychology & Aging, 23, 392-398. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.23.2.392
39. FRANK, M. J., & O'REILLY, R. C. (2006). A mechanistic account of striatal dopamine function in human cognition: Psychopharmalogical with cabergoline and haloperidol. Behavioral Neuroscience, 120, 497-517. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.120.3.497
40. FRANK, M. J., SEEBERGER, L. C., & O'REILLY, R. C. (2004). By carrot or by stick: Cognitive reinforcement learning in Parkinsonism. Science, 306, 1940-1943. doi:10.1126/science.1102941 (Pubitemid 39627859)
41. GALLAGHER, H. L., & FRITH, C. D. (2002). Functional imaging of "theory of mind." Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 77-83.
42. GALLAGHER, H. L., HAPPÉ, F., BRUNSWICK, N., FLETCHER, P. C., FRITH, U., & FRITH, C. D. (2000). Reading the mind in cartoons and stories: An fMRI study of "theory of the mind" in verbal and nonverbal tasks. Neuropsychologia, 38, 11-21. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(99)00053-6
43. GLIMCHER, P. W., & RUSTICHINI, A. (2004). Neuroeconomics: The consilience of brain and decision. Science, 306, 447-452.
44. GOOD, C. D., JOHNSRUDE, I. S., ASHBURNER, J., HENSON, R. N. A., FRISTON, K. J., & FRACKOWIAK, R. S. J. (2001). A voxel-based morphometric study of ageing in 465 normal adult human brains. NeuroImage, 14, 21-36. doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0786
45. GRIEVE, S. M., WILLIAMS, L. M., PAUL, R. H., CLARK, C. R., & GORDON, E. (2007). Cognitive aging, executive function, and fractional anisotropy: A diffusion tensor MR imaging study. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 28, 226-235.
46. GÜROǦLU, B., HASELAGER, G. J. T., VAN LIESHOUT, C. F. M., TAKASHIMA, A., RIJPKEMA, M., & FERNÁNDEZ, G. (2008). Why are friends special? Implementing a social interaction simulation task to probe the neural correlates of friendship. NeuroImage, 39, 903-910. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage. 2007.09.007
47. HARBAUGH, W. T., MAYR, U., & BURGHART, D. R. (2007). Neural responses to taxation and voluntary giving reveal motives for charitable donations. Science, 316, 1622-1625. doi:10.1126/science.1140738
48. HARUNO, M., & KAWATO, M. (2006). Different neural correlates of reward expectation and reward expectation error in the putamen and caudate nucleus during stimulus-action-reward association learning. Journal of Neurophysiology, 95, 948-959. doi:10.1152/jn.00382.2005
49. HEUNINCKX, S., WENDEROTH, N., DEBAERE, F., PEETERS, R., & SWINNEN, S. P. (2005). Neural basis of aging: The penetration of cognition into action control. Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 6787-6796. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1263-05. 2005
50. HIKOSAKA, O., BROMBERG-MARTIN, E., HONG, S., & MATSUMOTO, M. (2008). New insights on the subcortical representation of reward. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 18, 203-208. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2008.07.002
51. HOLROYD, C. B., & COLES, M. G. H. (2002). The neural basis of human error processing: Reinforcement learning, dopamine, and the error-related negativity. Psychological Review, 109, 679-709. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.109.4.679
52. ISELLA, V., MAPELLI, C., MORIELLI, N., PELATI, O., FRANCESCHI, M., & APPOLLONIO, I. M. (2008). Age-related quantitative and qualitative changes in decision making ability. Behavioral Neurology, 19, 59-63.
53. JUNCOS-RABADÁN, O., PEREIRO, A. X., & FACAL, D. (2008). Cognitive interference and aging: Insights from a spatial stimulus-response consistency task. Acta Psychologica, 127, 237-246. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2007.05. 003
54. KAASINEN, V., & RINNE, J. O. (2002). Functional imaging studies of dopamine system and cognition in normal aging and Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 26, 785-793.
55. KAASINEN, V., VILKMAN, H., HIETALA, J., NÅGNEN, K., HELENIUS, H., OLSSON, H., ET AL. (2000). Age-related dopamine D2/D3 receptor loss in extrastriatal regions of the human brain. Neurobiology of Aging, 21, 683-688.
56. KING-CASAS, B., TOMLIN, D., ANEN, C., CAMERER, C. F., QUARTZ, S. R., & MONTAGUE, P. R. (2005). Getting to know you: Reputation and trust in a two-person economic exchange. Science, 308, 78-83. doi:10.1126/science.1108062
57. KNIGHT, M., SEYMOUR, T. L., GAUNT, J. T., BAKER, C., NESMITH, K., & MATHER, M. (2007). Aging and goal-directed emotional attention: Distraction reverses emotional biases. Emotion, 7, 705-714. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.4.705
58. KNUTSON, B., & COOPER, J. C. (2005). Functional magnetic resonance imaging of reward prediction. Current Opinion in Neurology, 18, 411-417. (Pubitemid 41104804)
59. KNUTSON, B., TAYLOR, J., KAUFMAN, M., PETERSON, R., & GLOVER, G. (2005). Distributed neural representation of expected value. Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 4806-4812. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0642-05.2005
60. KNUTSON, B., WESTDORP, A., KAISER, E., & HOMMER, D. (2000). fMRI visualization of brain activity during a monetary incentive delay task. NeuroImage, 12, 20-27. doi:10.1006/nimg.2000.0593
61. KOVALCHIK, S., CAMERER, C. F., GRETHER, D. M., PLOTT, C. R., & ALLMAN, J. M. (2005). Aging and decision making: A comparison between neurologically healthy elderly and young individuals. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 58, 79-94. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2003.12.001
62. KRUEGER, F., MCCABE, K., MOLL, J., KRIEGESKORTE, N., ZAHN, R., STRENZIOK, M., ET AL. (2007). Neural correlates of trust. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104, 20084-20089. doi:10.1073/pnas.0710103104
63. LAMAR, M., & RESNICK, S. M. (2004). Aging and prefrontal functions: Dissociating orbitofrontal and dorsolateral abilities. Neurobiology of Aging, 25, 553-558. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2003.06.005
64. LECLERC, C. M., & KENSINGER, E. A. (2008). Age-related differences in medial prefrontal activation in response to emotional images. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 8, 153-164. doi:10.3758/CABN.8.2.153
65. LEE, T. M. C., LEUNG, A. W. S., FOX, P. T., GAO, J.-H., & CHAN, C. C. H. (2008). Age-related differences in neural activities during risk taking as revealed by functional MRI. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience, 3, 7-15. doi:10.1093/scan/nsm033
66. LI, S.-C., BIELE, G., MOHR, P. N. C., & HEEKEREN, H. R. (2007). Aging and neuroeconomics: Insights from research on neuromodulation of reward-based decision making. Analyse & Kritik, 29, 97-111.
67. LI, S.-C., LINDENBERGER, U., & SIKSTRÖM, S. (2001). Aging cognition: From neuromodulation to representation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5, 479-486.
68. MACPHERSON, S. E., PHILIPS, L. H., & DELLA SALA, S. (2002). Age, executive function, and social decision making: A dorsolateral prefrontal theory of cognitive aging. Psychology & Aging, 17, 598-609. doi:10.1037/0882-7974. 17.4.598
69. MARSCHNER, A., MELL, T., WARTENBURGER, I., VILLRINGER, A., REISCHIES, F. M., & HEEKEREN, H. R. (2005). Reward-based decision-making and aging. Brain Research Bulletin, 67, 382-390. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.06.010
70. MATA, R., SCHOOLER, L. J., & RIESKAMP, J. (2007). The aging decision maker: Cognitive aging and the adaptive selection of decision strategies. Psychology & Aging, 22, 796-810. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.22.4.796
71. MATHER, M. (2006). A review of decision making processes: Weighing the risks and benefits of aging. In L. L. Carstensen & C. R. Hartel (Eds.), When I'm 64: Committee on aging frontiers in social psychology, personality, and adult developmental psychology (pp. 145-173). Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
72. MATHER, M., & KNIGHT, M. (2005). Goal-directed memory: The role of cognitive control in older adults' emotional memory. Psychology & Aging, 20, 554-570. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.20.4.554 (Pubitemid 43119628)
73. MATOCHIK, J. A., CHEFER, S. I., LANE, M. A., WOOLF, R. I., MORRIS, E. D., INGRAM, D. K., ET AL. (2000). Age-related decline in striatal volume in monkeys as measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Neurobiology of Aging, 21, 591-598. doi:10.1016/S0197-4580(00)00134-2
74. MATTHEWS, S. C., SIMMONS, A. N., LANE, S. D., & PAULUS, M. P. (2004). Selective activation of the nucleus accumbens during risk-taking decision making. Brain Imaging, 15, 2123-2127.
75. MCCABE, K., HOUSER, D., RYAN, L., SMITH, V., & TROUARD, T. (2001). A functional imaging study of cooperation in two-person reciprocal exchange. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98, 11832-11835. doi:10.1073/pnas.211415698
76. MELL, T., HEEKEREN, H. R., MARSCHNER, A., WARTENBURGER, I., VILLRINGER, A., & REISCHIES, F. M. (2005). Effect of aging on stimulus-reward association learning. Neuropsychologica, 43, 554-563. doi:10.1016/j. neuropsychologia.2004.07.010
77. MONTAGUE, P. R., & BERNS, G. S. (2002). Neural economics and the biological substrates of valuation. Neuron, 36, 265-284. (Pubitemid 35217891)
78. MONTAGUE, P. R., & LOHRENZ, T. (2007). To detect and correct: Norm violations and their enforcement. Neuron, 56, 14-18. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007. 09.020
79. NIEUWENHUIS, S., RIDDERINKHOF, K. R., TALSMA, D., COLES, M. G. H., HOLROYD, C. B., KOK, A., & VAN DER MOLEN, M. W. (2002). A computational account of altered error processing in older age: Dopamine and the error-related negativity. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 2, 19-36.
80. PAN, W.-X., SCHMIDT, R., WICKENS, J. R., & HYLAND, B. I. (2005). Dopamine cells respond to predicted events during classical conditioning: Evidence for eligibility traces in the reward-learning network. Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 6235-6242. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1478-05.2005
81. RANGEL, A., CAMERER, C., & MONTAGUE, P. R. (2008). A framework for studying the neurobiology of value-based decision making. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9, 545-556. doi:10.1038/nrn2357
82. RAZ, N., LINDENBERGER, U., RODRIGUE, K. M., KENNEDY, K. M., HEAD, D., WILLIAMSON, A., ET AL. (2005). Regional brain changes in aging healthy adults: General trends, individual differences and modifiers. Cerebral Cortex, 15, 1676-1689. doi:10.1093/cercor/bh1044
83. RAZ, N., RODRIGUE, K. M., KENNEDY, K. M., HEAD, D., GUNNING-DIXON, F., & ACKER, J. D. (2003). Differential aging of the human striatum: Longitudinal evidence. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 24, 1849-1856.
84. RAZ, N., WILLIAMSON, A., GUNNING-DIXON, F., HEAD, D., & ACKER, J. D. (2000). Neuroanatomical and cognitive correlates of adult age differences in acquisition of a perceptual-motor skill. Neuroimaging & Memory, 51, 85-93.
85. RESNICK, S. M., LAMAR, M., & DRISCOLL, I. (2007). Vulnerability of the orbitofrontal cortex to age-associated structural and functional brain changes. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1121, 562-575. doi:10.1196/annals.1401.027
86. REUTER-LORENZ, P. A. (2002). New visions of the aging mind and brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 394-400. doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(02)01957-5
87. REUTER-LORENZ, P. A., & LUSTIG, C. (2005). Brain aging: Reorganizing discoveries about the aging mind. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 15, 245-251. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2005.03.016
88. RILLING, J. K., SANFEY, A. G., ARONSON, J. A., NYSTROM, L. E., & COHEN, J. D. (2004). The neural correlates of theory of mind within interpersonal reactions. NeuroImage, 22, 1694-1703. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage. 2004.04.015
89. ROGERS, R. D., TUNBRIDGE, E. M., BHAGWAGAR, Z., DREVETS, W. C., SAHAKIAN, B. J., & CARTER, C. S. (2003). Tryptophan depletion alters the decision-making of healthy volunteers through altered processing of reward cues. Neuropsychopharmacology, 28, 153-162. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300001
90. ROLLS, E. T. (2004). The functions of the orbitofrontal cortex. Brain & Cognition, 55, 11-29. doi:10.1016/S0278-2626(03)00277-X
91. RUFFMAN, T., HENRY, J. D., LIVINGSTONE, V., & PHILIPS, L. H. (2008). A meta-analytic review of emotion recognition and aging: Implications for neuropsychological models of aging. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 32, 863-881. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.01.001
92. SAMANEZ-LARKIN, G. R., GIBBS, S. E. B., KHANNA, K., NIELSEN, L., CARSTENSEN, L. L., & KNUTSON, B. (2007). Anticipation of monetary gain but not loss in healthy older adults. Nature Neuroscience, 10, 787-791. doi:10.1038/nn1894
93. SANFEY, A. G. (2007a). Decision neuroscience: New directions in studies of judgement and decision making. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 151-155. doi:10.1111/j.1467.8721.2007.00494.x
94. SANFEY, A. G. (2007b). Social decision-making: Insights from game theory and neuroscience. Science, 318, 598-602. doi:10.1126/science.1142996 (Pubitemid 350014800)
95. SANFEY, A. G., LOEWENSTEIN, G., MCCLURE, S. M., & COHEN, J. D. (2006). Neuroeconomics: Cross-currents in research on decision-making. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 108-116. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.01.009
96. SANFEY, A. G., RILLING, J. K., ARONSON, J. A., NYSTROM, L. E., & COHEN, J. D. (2003). The neural basis of economic decision-making in the Ultimatum Game. Science, 300, 1755-1758. doi:10.1126/science.1082976
97. SAXE, R. (2006). Uniquely human social cognition. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 16, 235-239. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2006.03.001
98. SCHMITT-ELIASSEN, J., FERSTL, R., WIESNER, C., DEUSCHL, G., & WITT, K. (2007). Feedback-based versus observational classification learning in healthy aging and Parkinson's disease. Brain Research, 1142, 178-188. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.042
99. SCHOTT, B. H., NIEHAUS, L., WITTMANN, B. C., SCHÜTZE, H., SEIDENBECHER, C. I., HEINZE, H.-J., & DÜZEL, E. (2007). Ageing and early-stage Parkinson's disease affect separable neural mechanisms of mesolimbic reward processing. Brain, 130, 2412-2424. doi:10.1093/brain/awm147
100. SCHULTZ, W. (2000). Multiple reward signals in the brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 1, 199-209.
101. SCHULTZ, W. (2002). Getting formal with dopamine and reward. Neuron, 36, 241-263.
102. SCHULTZ, W., DAYAN, P., & MONTAGUE, P. R. (1997). A neural substrate of prediction and reward. Science, 275, 1593-1599. doi:10.1126/science.275.5306. 1593
103. SCHWEIGHOFER, N., TANAKA, S. C., & DOYA, K. (2007). Serotonin and the evaluation of future rewards: Theory, experiments, and possible neural mechanisms. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1104, 289-300. doi:10.1196/annals.1390.011
104. SHOHAMY, D., MYERS, C. E., GROSSMAN, S., SAGE, J., GLUCK, M. A., & POLDRACK, R. A. (2004). Cortico-striatal contributions to feedback-based learning: Converging data from neuroimaging and neuropsychology. Brain, 127, 851-859. doi:10.1093/brain/ahw100
105. SLESSOR, G., PHILLIPS, L. H., & BULL, R. (2007). Exploring the specificity of age-related differences in theory of mind tasks. Psychology & Aging, 22, 639-643. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.22.3.639
106. SOWELL, E. R., PETERSON, B. S., THOMPSON, P. M., WELCOME, S. E., HENKENIUS, A. L., & TOGA, A. W. (2003). Mapping cortical change across the human life span. Nature Neuroscience, 6, 309-315. doi:10.1038/nn1008
107. STOUT, J. C., RODAWALT, W. C., & SIEMERS, E. R. (2001). Risky decision making in Huntington's disease. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 7, 92-101. doi:10.1017/s1355617701711095
108. SURI, R. E., BARGAS, J., & ARBIB, M. A. (2001). Modeling functions of striatal dopamine modulation in learning and planning. Neuroscience, 103, 65-85.
109. SUTTER, M., & KOCHER, M. G. (2007). Trust and trustworthiness across different age groups. Games & Economic Behavior, 59, 364-382. doi:10.1016/j.geb.2006.07.006
110. TANAKA, S. C., DOYA, K., OKADA, G., UEDA, K., OKAMOTO, Y., & YAMAWAKI, S. (2004). Prediction of immediate and future rewards differentially recruits cortico-basal ganglia loops. Nature Neuroscience, 7, 887-893. doi:10.1038/nn1279
111. TOBLER, P. N., FIORILLO, C. D., & SCHULTZ, W. (2005). Adaptive coding of reward value by dopamine neurons. Science, 307, 1642-1645. doi:10.1126/science.1105370
112. TSUCHIDA, J., KUBO, N., & KOJIMA, S. (2002). Position reversal learning in aged Japanese macaques. Behavioural Brain Research, 129, 107-112. doi:10.1016/so166-4328(01)00336-9
113. VAN WINDEN, F., STALLEN, M., & RIDDERINKHOF, K. R. (2008). On the nature, modeling, and neural bases of social ties. In D. Houser & K. McCabe (Eds.), Neuroeconomics (pp. 125-159). Bingley, U.K.: Emerald.
114. WALHOVD, K. B., FJELL, A. M., REINVANG, I., LUNDERVOLD, A., DALE, A. M., EILERTSEN, D. E., ET AL. (2005). Effects of age on volumes of cortex, white matter and subcortical structures. Neurobiology of Aging, 26, 1261-1270. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.05.020
115. WANG, G. J., VOLKOW, N. D., LOGAN, J., FOWLER, J. S., SCHLYER, D., MACGREGOR, R. R., ET AL. (1995). Evaluation of age-related changes in serotonin 5-HT2 and dopamine D2 receptor availability in healthy human subjects. Life Sciences, 56, L249-L253.
116. WEILER, J. A., BELLEBAUM, C., & DAUM, I. (2008). Aging affects acquisition and reversal of reward-based associative learning. Learning & Memory, 15, 190-197. doi:10.1101/lm890408
117. WOOD, S., BUSEMEYER, J., KOLING, A., DAVIS, H., & COX, C. R. (2005). Older adults as adaptive decision-makers: Evidence from the Iowa Gambling Task. Psychology & Aging, 20, 220-225. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.20.2.220
118. WOODRUFF-PAK, D. S. (1997). The neuropsychology of aging. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
119. ZACKS, R. T., RADVANSKY, G., & HASHER, L. (1996). Studies of directed forgetting in older adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 22, 143-156.