Age, executive function, and social decision making: A dorsolateral prefrontal theory of cognitive aging

Psychology and Aging

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 598-609

  MacPherson, Sarah E ^a   Phillips, Louise H ^a   Della Sala, Sergio ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DECISION MAKING; EMOTION; FEMALE; FRONTAL LOBE; HUMAN; MALE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; REWARD; SOCIAL ASPECT; TASK PERFORMANCE; WORKING MEMORY;

EID: 0036903333     PISSN: 08827974     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.17.4.598     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Adolphs, R., Tranel, D., Bechara, A., & Damasio, H. (1996). Neuropsychological approaches to reasoning and decision-making. In A. R. Damasio (Ed.), Neurobiology of Decision-Making. (pp. 157-179). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
2. Ahola, K., Vilkki, J., & Servo, A. (1996). Frontal tests do not detect frontal infarctions after ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Brain and Cognition, 31, 1-16.
3. Anderson, S. W., Damasio, H., Jones, R., & Tranel, D. (1991). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance as a measure of frontal lobe damage. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 13, 909-922.
4. Baddeley, A. D., & Della Sala, S. (1996). Working memory and executive control. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B: Biological Sciences, 351, 1397-1404.
5. Baddeley, A., Emslie, H., & Nimmo-Smith, 1. (1994). Doors and People: A Test of Visual and Verbal Recall and Recognition. Bury St. Edmunds, UK: Thames Valley Test Company.
6. Baron-Cohen, S., & Ring, H. (1994). A model of the mindreading system: Neuropsychological and neurobiological perspectives. In C. L. P. Mitchell (Ed.), Children's Early Understanding of Mind (pp. 183-207). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
7. Baron-Cohen, S., Ring, H., Moriarty, J., Schmitz, B., Costa, D., & Ell, P. (1994). Recognition of mental state terms: Clinical findings in children with autism and a functional neuroimaging study of normal adults. British Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 640-649.
8. Bartus, R. T., Fleming, D., & Johnson, H. R. (1978). Aging in the rhesus monkey: Debilitating effects on short-term memory. Journal of Gerontology, 33, 858-871.
9. Bechara, A., Damasio, A. R., Damasio, H., & Anderson, S. W. (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition. 50, 7-15.
10. Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D., & Anderson, S. W. (1998). Dissociation of working memory from decision making within the human prefrontal cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 428-437.
11. Berman, K. F., Ostrem, J. L., Randolph, C., Gold, J., Goldberg, T. E., Coppola, R., et al. (1995). Physiological activation of a cortical network during performance of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: A positron emission tomography study. Neuropsychologia, 33, 1027-1046.
12. Blair, R. J. R., Morris, J. S., Frith, C. D., Perreti, D. I., & Dolan, R. J. (1999). Dissociable neural responses to facial expressions of sadness and anger. Brain, 122, 883-893.
13. Blanchard-Fields, F., Jahnke, H. C., & Camp, C. (1995). Age differences in problem-solving style: The role of emotional salience. Psychology and Aging, 10, 173-180.
14. Brazzelli, M., Colombo, N., Della Sala, S., & Spinnler, H. (1994). Spared and impaired cognitive abilities after bilateral frontal damage. Cortex, 30, 27-51.
15. Brozoski, T. J., Brown, R. M., Rosvold, H. E., & Goldman, P. S. (1979). Cognitive deficit caused by regional depletion of dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rhesus monkey. Science, 205, 929-932.
16. Brunet, E., Sarfati, Y., Hardy-Bayle, M.-C., & Decely, J. (2000). A PET investigation of the attribution of intentions with a nonverbal task. Neurolmage, 11, 157-166.
17. Daigneault, S., & Braun, C. M. J. (1993). Working memory and the self-ordered pointing task: Further evidence of early prefrontal decline in normal aging. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 15, 881-895.
18. Daigneaull, S. Braun, C. M. J., & Whitaker, H. A. (1992). Early effects of normal aging on perseverative and non-perseverative prefrontal measures. Developmental Neuropsychology, 8, 99-114.
19. De Zubicaray, G. I., Chalk, J. B., Rose, S. E., Semple, J., & Smith, G. A. (1997). Deficits on self ordered tasks associated with hyperostosis frontalis interna. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 63, 309-314.
20. Drewe, E. A. (1974). The effect of type and area of brain lesion on Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance. Cortex. 10, 159-170.
21. Duara, R., Margolin, R. A., Robertson-Tchabo, E. A., London, E. D., Schwartz, M., Renfrew, J. W., et al. (1983). Cerebral glucose utilization, as measured with positron emission tomography in 21 resting healthy men between the ages of 21 and 83 years. Brain, 106, 761-775.
22. Elliot, R., Rees, G., & Dolan, R. J. (1999). Ventromedial prefrontal cortex mediates guessing. Neuropsychologia, 37, 403-411.
23. Eslinger, P. (1999). Orbito frontal cortex: Historical and contemporary views about its behavioral and physiological significance. An introduction to special topic papers: Part 1. Neurocase, 5, 225-229.
24. Esposito, G., Kirkby, B. S., Van Horn, J. D., Ellmore, T. M., & Berman, K. F. (1999). Context-dependent, neural system-specific neurophysiological concomitants of ageing: Mapping PET correlates during cognitive activation. Brain, 122, 963-979.
25. Fletcher. P. C., Happé, F., Frith, U., Baker, S. C., Dolan, R. J., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Frith, C. D. (1995). Other minds in the brain: A functional imaging study of "theory of mind" in story comprehension. Cognition, 57, 109-128.
26. Freedman, M., & Oscar-Berman, M. (1986). Bilateral frontal lobe disease and selective delayed response deficits in humans. Behavioural Neuroscience, 100, 337-342.
27. Gallagher, H. L., Happé, F., Brunswick, N., Fletcher, P. C., Frith, U., & Frith, C. D. (2000). Reading the mind in cartoons and stories: An fMRI study of 'theory of mind' in verbal and nonverbal tasks. Neuropsychologia, 38, 11-21.
28. Garraux, G., Salmon, E., Degueldre, C., Lemaire, C., Laureys, S., & Franck, G. (1999). Comparison of impaired subcortico-frontal metabolic networks in normal aging, subcortico-frontal dementia, and cortical frontal dementia. NeuroImage, 10, 149-162.
29. George, M. S. Ketter, T. A., Gill, D. S., Haxby, J. V., Ungerleider, L. G., Herscovitch, P., & Post, R. M. (1993). Brain regions involved in recognising facial emotion or identity: An oxygen-15 PET study. Journal of Neuropsychiatry, 5, 384-394
30. Gilhooly, K. J., Logie, R. H. (1980). Age-of-acquisition, imagery, concreteness, familiarity, and ambiguity measures for 1,944 words. Behaviour Research Methods and Instrumentation, 12, 395-427.
31. Goldberg, T. E., Berman, K. F., Randolph, C., Gold, J. M., & Weinberger, D. R. (1996). Isolating the mnemonic component in spatial delayed response: A controlled PET 150-labeled water regional cerebral blood flow study in normal humans. NeuroImage, 3, 69-78.
32. Goldstein, L. H., Bernard, S., Fenwick, P. B. C., Burgess, P. W., & McNeil, J. (1993). Unilateral frontal lobectomy can produce strategy application disorder. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 56, 274-277.
33. Golomb, J., Deleon, M. J., Kluger, A., George, A. E., Tarshish, C., & Ferris, S. H. (1993). Hippocampal atrophy in normal aging. An association with recent memory impairment. Archives of Neurology, 50, 967-973.
34. Grady, C. L. (2000). Functional brain imaging and age-related changes in cognition. Biological Psychology. 54, 259-281.
35. Grady, C. L., McIntosh, A. R., Booksteim F., Horwitz, B., Rapoport, S. I., & Haxby. J. V. (1998). Age-related changes in regional cerebral blood flow during working memory for faces. NeuroImage, 8, 409-425.
36. Grant, D. A., & Berg, E. A. (1948). A behavioral analysis of degree of reinforcement and ease of shifting to responses in a Weigl-type sorting problem. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 404-411.
37. Greenberg, M. G., & Weiner. B. (1966). Effects of reinforcement history upon risk-taking behavior. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 71, 587-592.
38. Greenwood, P. M. (2000). The frontal aging hypothesis evaluated. Journal of the International Society, 6, 705-726,
39. Happé, F. G. E., Winner, E., & Brownell, H. (1998). The getting of wisdom: Theory of mind in old age. Developmental Psychology, 34, 358-362.
40. Hartley, A. A. (1989). The cognitive ecology of problem-solving. In L. Poon, D. Rubin, & B. Wilson (Eds.). Everyday Cognition in Adulthood and Late Life. (pp. 300-329). New York: Cambridge University Press.
41. Hasher, L., & Zacks. R. T. (1984). Automatic processing of fundamental information, The case of frequency of occurrence. American Psychologist, 39, 1372-1388.
42. Haug, H., Barmwater, U., Eggers, R., Fischer, D., Kühl, S., & Sass, N. L. (1983). Anatomical changes in aging brain: Morphometric analysis of the human prosencephalon. In J: Cervós-Navarro & H. I. Sarkander (Eds.), Brain Aging: Neuropathology and Neuropharmacology (pp, 1-12). New York: Raven Press.
43. Heaton, R. K. (1981). A Manual for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
44. Hornak, J., Rolls, E. T., & Wade. D. (1996). Face and voice expression identification in patients with emotional and behavioural changes following ventral frontal lobe damage. Neuropsychologia, 34, 247-261.
45. Hunter, W. S. (1913). The delayed reaction in animals. Behavioral Monographs, 2, 21-30.
46. Keys, B. A., & White, D. A. (2000). Exploring the relationship between age, executive abilities, and psychomotor speed. Journal of the International Society, 6, 76-82.
47. Laiacona, M., Inzaghi, M. G., De Tanti, A., & Capitani, E. (2000). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: A new global score, with Italian norms, and its relationship with the Weigl Sorting Test. Neurological Sciences, 21, 279-291.
48. Lezak, M. D. (1995). Neuropsychological Assessment, New York: Open University Press.
49. Malatesta, C. Z., Izard, C. E., Culver, C., & Nicoich, M. (1987). Emotion communication skills in young, middle-aged, and older women, Psychology and Aging, 2, 193-203.
50. Matsumoto, D., & Ekman, P. (1988). Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE) [Slides]. San Francisco, CA: Intercultural and Emotion Research Laboratory. Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University.
51. Mauchly, J. W. (1940). Significance test for sphericity of a normal n-variate distribution. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 5, 269-287.
52. Milner, B. (1963). Effects of different brain lesions on card sorting. Archives of Neurology, 9, 90-100.
53. Mittenberg, W., Seidenburg, M., O'Leary, D. S., & DiGiulio. D. V. (1989). Changes in cerebral functioning associated with normal aging. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 11, 918-932.
54. Moreno, C., Borod, J. C., Welkowitz, J., & Alpert, M. (1993). The perception of facial emotion across the adult life span. Developmental Neuropsychology. 9, 305-314.
55. Morris, R. G., Abrahams, S., Baddeley, A. D., & Polkey, C. E. (1995). Doors and people: Visual and verbal memory after unilateral temporal lobectomy. Neuropsychology, 9, 464-469.
56. Moscovitch, M., & Winocur, G. (1992). The neuropsychology of memory and aging. In F. I. M. Craik & T. A. Salthouse (Eds.). The Handbook of Aging and Cognition, (pp. 315-372). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
57. Moscovitch, M., & Winocur, G. (1995). Frontal lobes, memory, and aging. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 769, 119-150.
58. Nagahama, Y., Fukuyama, H., Yamauchi, H., Katsumi, Y., Magata, Y., Shibasaki, H., & Kimura, J. (1997). Age-related changes in cerebral blood flow activation during a card sorting test. Experimental Brain Research. 114, 571-577.
59. Pandya, D. N., & Yeterian, E. H. (1996). Comparison of prefrontal architecture and connections. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 351, 1423-1432.
60. Parkin, A. J., & Java, R, I. (1999). Deterioration of frontal lobe function in normal aging: Influences of fluid intelligence versus perceptual speed. Neuropsychology. 13, 539-545.
61. Petrides, M., Alivisatos, B., Evans, A. C., & Meyer, E. (1993). Dissociation of human mid-dorsolateral from posterior dorsolateml frontal cortex in memory processing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 90, 873-877.
62. Petrides, M., Alivisatos, B., Meyer, E., & Evans, A. C. (1993). Functional activation of the human frontal cortex during the performance of verbal working memory tasks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 90, 878-882.
63. Petrides, M., & Milner, B. (1982). Deficits on subject-ordered tasks after frontal- and temporal-lobe lesions in man. Neuropsychologia, 20, 249-262.
64. Phillips, L. H., MacPherson, S. E., & Della Sala, S. (2002). Age, cognition and emotion: The role of anatomical segregation in the frontal lobes. In F. Boller & J. Grafman (Eds.). Handbook of Neuropsychology. (pp. 73-97). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.
65. Price, J. L. (1999). Networks within the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex. Neurocase, 5, 231-241.
66. Raz, N., Gunning, F. M., Head, D., Dupuis, J. H., McQuain, J., Briggs, S. D., et al. (1997). Selective aging of the human cerebral cortex observed in vivo: Differential vulnerability of the prefrontal gray matter. Cerebral Cortex, 7, 268-282.
67. Rezai, K., Andreasen, N. C., Alliger, R., Cohen, G., Swayze II, V., & O'Leary, D. S. (1993). The neuropsychology of the prefrontal cortex. Archives of Neurology, 50, 636-642.
68. Rogers, R. D., Owen, A. M., Middleton, H. C., Williams, E. J., Pickard, J. D., Sahakian, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (1999). Choosing between small, likely rewards and large, unlikely rewards activates inferior and orbital prefrontal cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 9029-9038.
69. Rolls, E. T. (1996). The orbitofrontal cortex. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 351, 1433-1444.
70. Salthouse, T. A. (1996). The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychological Review, 103, 403-428.
71. Salthouse, T. A., Fristoe, N., & Rhee, S. H. (1996). How localized are age-related effects on neuropsychological measures? Neuropsychology, 10, 272-285.
72. Sarazin, M., Pillon, B., Giannakopoulos, P., Rancurel, G., Samson, Y., & Dubois, B. (1998). Clinicometabolic dissociation of cognitive functions and social behavior in frontal lobe lesions. Neurolog, 51, 143-148.
73. Shallice, T., & Burgess, P. W. (1991). Deficits in strategy application following frontal lobe damage in man. Brain, 114, 727-741.
74. Stone, V. E., Baron-Cohen, S., & Knight, R. T. (1998). Frontal lobe contributions to theory of mind. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10, 640-656.
75. Streit, M., Ioannides, A. A., Liu, L., Wolwer, W., Dammers, J., Gross, J., Gaebel, W., & Muller-Gartner, H. -W. (1999). Neurophysiological correlates of the recognition of facial expressions of emotion as revealed by magnetoencephalography. Cognitive Brain Research, 7, 481-491.
76. Stuss, D. T., Gallup, G. G., & Alexander, M. P. (2001). The frontal lobes are necessary for 'theory of mind'. Brain, 124, 279-286.
77. Stuss, D. T., Levine, B., Alexander, M. P., Hong, J., Palumbo, C., Hamer, L., et al. (2000). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in patients with focal frontal and posterior brain damage: Effects of lesion location and test structure on separable cognitive processes. Neuropsychologia, 38, 388-402.
78. Teixeira Ferreira, C., Vérin, M., Pillon, B., Levy, R., Dubois, B., & Agid, Y. (1998). Spatio-temporal working memory and frontal lesions in man. Cortex, 34, 83-98.
79. Terry, R. D., DeTeresa, R., & Hansen, L. A. (1987). Neocortical cell counts in normal human adult aging. Annals of Neurology, 21, 530-539.
80. Vérin, M., Partiot A., Pillon, B., Malapani, C., Agid, Y., & Dubois, B. (1993). Delayed response tasks and prefrontal lesions in man - Evidence for self-generated patterns of behaviour with poor environmental modulation. Neuropsychologia, 31, 1379-1396.
81. Walsh, D. A., & Hershey, D. (1993). Mental models and the maintenance of complex problem-solving skills into old age. In J. Cerella, & W. Hoyer (Eds.), Adult Information Processing: Limits on Loss. (pp. 553-584). New York: Academic Press.
82. Wechsler, D. (1997). Administration and Scoring Manual for the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale - Revised. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
83. Weddell, R. A. (1994). Effects of subcortical lesion site on human emotional behavior. Brain and Cognition, 25, 161-193.
84. West, R. L. (1996). An application of prefrontal cortex function theory to cognitive aging. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 272-292.
85. West, R. (2000). In defense of the frontal lobe hypothesis of cognitive aging. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 6, 727-729.
86. West, R. L., Ergis, A., Winocur, G., & Saint-Cyr, J. (1998). The contribution of impaired working memory monitoring to performance of the Self Ordered Pointing Task in normal aging and Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychology, 12, 546-554.
87. Wilder, K. E., Weinberger, D. R., & Goldberg, T. E. (1998). Operant conditioning and the orbitofrontal cortex in schizophrenic patients: Unexpected evidence for intact functioning. Schizophrenia Research, 30, 169-174.
88. Williams, G. V., & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1995). Modulation of memory fields by dopamine DI receptors in prefrontal cortex. Nature, 376, 572-575.