Police stress: The role of the psychological contract and perceptions of fairness

Policing

Volumn 32, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 613-630

  Noblet, A J ^a   Rodwell, J J ^a   Allisey, A F ^a  

^a DEAKIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Australia; Justice; Performance levels; Psychological contracts; Stress

Indexed keywords

EID: 71849093816     PISSN: 1363951X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/13639510911000731     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Adebayo, D., Sunmola, I. and Udegbe, I. (2008), "Workplace fairness and emotional exhaustion in Nigeria police: the moderating role of gender" in Anxiety, Stress & Coping, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 405-16.
2. Baruch-Feldman, C., Brondolo, E., Ben-Dayan, D. and Schwartz, J. (2002), "Sources of social support and burnout, job satisfaction, and productivity" in Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 84-93.
3. Berg, A.M., Hem, E., Lau, B.H. and Ekeberg, O. (2005), "Stress in the Norwegian police service" in Occupational Medicine, Vol. 55, pp. 113-20.
4. Biggam, F.H., Power, K.G. and MacDonald, R.R. (1997), "Coping with the occupational stressors of police work: a study of Scottish officers" in Stress Medicine, Vol. 13, pp. 109-15.
5. Bond, F.W. and Bunce, D. (2003), "The role of acceptance and job control in mental health, job satisfaction and work performance" in Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 88, pp. 1057-67.
6. Brough, P. (2004), "Comparing the influence of traumatic and organizational stressors on the psychological health of police, fire, and ambulance officers" in International Journal of Stress Management, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 227-44.
7. Brough, P. and Frame, R. (2004), "Predicting police job satisfaction and turnover intentions: the role of supervisor support and police organizational variables" in New Zealand Journal of Psychology, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 8-16.
8. Brunetto, Y. and Farr-Wharton, R. (2005), "The role of management post-NPM in the implementation of new policies affecting police officers' practices" in Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 221-41.
9. Bultmann, U., Huibers, M., van Amelsvoort, L., Kant, I., Kasl, S. and Swaen, G. (2005), "Psychological distress, fatigue, and long term sickness absence: prospective results from the Maastricht cohort study" in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Vol. 47, No. 9, pp. 941-7.
10. Caplan, R., Cobb, S., French, J., Harrison, R. and Pinneau, S. (1980), Job Demands and Worker Health, The Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
11. Cohen-Charash, Y. and Spector, P.E. (2001), "The role of justice in organizations: a meta-analysis" in Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 86, No. 2, pp. 278-321.
12. Collins, P.A. and Gibbs, A.C.C. (2003), "Stress in police officers: a study of the origins, prevalence and severity of stress-related symptoms within a county police force" in Occupational Medicine, Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 256-64.
13. Colquitt, J.A. (2001), "On the dimensionality of organizational justice: a construct validation of a measure" in Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 86, No. 3, pp. 386-400.
14. Conlon, D.E., Meyer, C.J. and Nowakowski, J.M. (2005), "How does organizational justice affect performance, withdrawal and counterproductive behaviour?" Greenberg, J. and Colquitt, J.A. (Eds.), Handbook of Organizational Justice, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ.
15. Cutrona, C. (1990), "Stress and social support: in search of optimal matching" in Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 3-14.
16. Dantzer, M. (1987), "Police-related stress: a critique for future research" in Journal of Police Criminal Psychology, Vol. 3, pp. 43-8.
17. De Lange, A.H., Taris, T.W., Kompier, M.A., Houtman, I.L.D. and Bongers, P.M. (2004), "The relationships between work characteristics and mental health: examining normal, reversed and reciprocal relationships in a 4-wave study" in Work & Stress, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 149-66.
18. Demerouti, E., Bakker, A.B., Nachreiner, F. and Schaufeli, W.B. (2001), "The job demands-resources model of burnout" in Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 86, No. 3, pp. 499-512.
19. Deschamps, F.P., Paganon-Badinier, I., Marchand, A.C. and Merle, C. (2003), "Sources and assessment of occupational stress in the police" in Journal of Occupational Health, Vol. 45, pp. 358-64.
20. Elovainio, M., Kivimäki, M. and Vahtera, J. (2002), "Organizational justice: evidence of a new psychosocial predictor of health" in American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 92, No. 1, pp. 105-8.
21. Engel, R. (2005), "Citizen's perceptions of distributive and procedural injustice during traffic stops with police" in Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 445-81.
22. Etzion, D. (1984), "Moderating effect of social support on the stress-burnout relationship" in Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 69, pp. 615-22.
23. Farmer, S.J., Beehr, T.A. and Love, K.G. (2003), "Becoming an undercover police officer: a note on fairness perceptions, behavior, and attitudes" in Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 24, No. 4, p. 373.
24. Fleming, J. and Lafferty, G. (2000), "New management techniques and restructuring for accountability in Australian police organizations" in Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 154-68.
25. Frese, M. and Zaph, D. (1994), "Action as the core of work psychology: a German approach" in Triandis, H., Dunnette, L. and Hough, L. (Eds.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 4, Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA, pp. 271-340.
26. Fritz, C. and Sonnentag, S. (2009), "Antecedents of day-level proactive behavior: a look at job stressors and positive affect during the work day" in Journal of Management, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 94-111.
27. Gakovic, A. and Tetrick, L.E. (2003), "Psychological contract breach as a source of strain for employees" in Journal of Business and Psychology, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 235-46.
28. Greenberg, J. (1988), "Cultivating an image of justice: looking fair on the job" in The Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 155-8.
29. Johnson, J. and Hall, E. (1988), "Job strain, workplace social support, and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study of a random sample of the Swedish working population" in American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 78, pp. 1336-42.
30. Karasek, R. (1985), Job Content Questionnaire and User's Guide, Department of Work Environment, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA.
31. Karasek, R. and Theorell, T. (1990), Healthy Work: Stress, Productivity, and the Reconstruction of Working Life, Basic Books, New York, NY.
32. Kessler, R. and Mroczek, D. (1994), "Final versions of our non-specific psychological distress scale", Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, memo.
33. Kivimäki, M., Head, J. and Ferrie, J.E. (2003), "Sickness absence as a global measure of health: evidence from all-cause mortality in the Whitehall II study" in British Medical Journal, Vol. 327, pp. 364-9.
34. Kivimäki, M., Elovainio, M., Vahtera, J. and Ferrie, J.E. (2003), "Organizational justice and health of employees: prospective cohort study" in Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 27-34.
35. Kivimäki, M., Elovainio, M., Vahtera, J., Virtanen, M. and Stansfeld, S.A. (2003), "Association between organizational inequity and incidence of psychiatric disorders in female employees" in Psychological Medicine, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 319-26.
36. Kivimäki, M., Ferrie, J.E., Head, J., Shipley, M.J., Vahtera, J. and Marmot, M.G. (2004), "Organizational justice and change in justice as predictors of employee health: the Whitehall II study" in Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, Vol. 58, No. 11, pp. 931-7.
37. Kivimäki, M., Ferrie, J.E., Brunner, E., Head, J., Shipley, M.J., Vahtera, J. and Marmot, M.G. (2005), "Justice at work and reduced risk of coronary heart disease among employees" in The Whitehall II study, Archives of Internal Medicine, Vol. 165, pp. 2245-51.
38. Kop, N., Euwema, M. and Schaufeli, W. (1999), "Burnout, job stress and violent behaviour among Dutch police officers" in Work & Stress, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 326-40.
39. Liberman, A.M., Best, S.R., Metzler, T.J., Fagan, J.A., Weiss, D.S. and Marmar, C.R. (2002), "Routine occupational stress and psychological distress in police" in Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategy and Management, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 421-39.
40. Morash, M., Haarr, R. and Kwak, D. (2006), "Multilevel influences on police stress" in Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, Vol. 22, pp. 26-43.
41. Noblet, A.J. and Rodwell, J.J. (2009), "Integrating job stress and social exchange theories to predict employee strain in reformed public sector organizations" in Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 555-78.
42. Organ, D. (1988), Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Lexington Books, Lexington, MA.
43. Podsakoff, P. and MacKenzie, S. (1997), "Impact of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational performance. A review and suggestions for future research" in Human Performance, Vol. 10, pp. 133-51.
44. Robinson, S. (1996), "Trust and breach of the psychological contract" in Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 41, pp. 574-99.
45. Robinson, S. and Morrison, E. (2000), "The development of psychological contract breach and violation: a longitudinal study" in Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 21, pp. 525-46.
46. Sarason, I.G., Sarason, B.R. and Pierce, G.R. (1990), "Social support: the search for theory" in Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 9, pp. 133-47.
47. Sparks, K., Faragher, B. and Cooper, C. (2001), "Well-being and occupational health in the 21st century workplace" in Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 74, No. 4, pp. 489-510.
48. Spector, P.E. (1992), "A consideration of the validity and meaning of self-report measures of job conditions" in Cooper, C.L. and Robertson, I. (Eds.), International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Wiley, New York, NY, pp. 123-51.
49. SPSS (2004), SPSS Advanced Statistics 12.0.1, SPSS, Chicago, IL.
50. Stearns, G. and Moore, R. (1993), "The physical and psychological correlates of job burnout in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police" in Canadian Journal of Criminology, Vol. 35, pp. 127-48.
51. Swanson, V. and Power, V. (2001), "Employees' perception of organizational restructuring, the role of social support" in Work & Stress, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 161-78.
52. Tabachnick, B.G. and Fidell, L.S. (2001), Using Multivariate Statistics, Allyn & Bacon, New York, NY.
53. Tepper, B. (2001), "Health consequences of organizational injustice: tests of main and interactive effects" in Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 86, No. 2, pp. 197-215.
54. Turnley, W.H. and Feldman, D.C. (2000), "Re-examining the effects of psychological contract violations: unmet expectations and job dissatisfaction as mediators" in Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 25-42.
55. Van der Doef, M. and Maes, S. (1999), "The job demand-control(-support) model and psychological well-being: a review of 20 years of empirical research" in Work and Stress, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 87-114.
56. Violanti, J., Marshall, J. and Howe, B. (1985), "Stress, coping, and alcohol use: the police connection" in Journal of Police Science and Administration, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 106-10.
57. Violanti, J.M. and Aron, F. (1995), "Police stressors: variations in perception among police personnel" in Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 287-94.
58. Williams, L.J. and Anderson, S.E. (1991), "Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviours" in Journal of Management, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 601-17.
59. Ylipaavalniemi, J., Kivimäki, M., Elovainio, M., Virtanen, M., Keltikangas-Jarvinen, L. and Vahtera, J. (2005), "Psychosocial work characteristics and incidence of newly diagnosed depression: a prospective cohort study of three different models" in Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 61, pp. 111-22.